内容正文:
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
Unit 2 Exploring English
Period 2 Using language 表格式教学设计
教学基本信息
单元名称
必修第一册 Unit 2 Exploring English
学科
英语
学段
高中
年级
高一第一学期
主要教材
书名:普通高中教科书·英语必修第一册
出版社:外语教学与研究出版社 出版日期:2019年7月
课时安排
1课时(45min)
课型
语言知识与综合运用课(构词法 + 英美英语 + 交际迁移)
教学设计理念
主题语境引领、核心素养导向、单元整体教学、英语学习活动观
1. 英语学习活动观:本课承接上一课时“English is interesting and creative”的主题认识,以教材P17—P19 Using language为主要学习载体,不把构词法处理成孤立术语记忆,而是组织学生在“观察语言现象—归纳构词规则—语境中验证—真实交际中运用”的活动链中学习。学生先从pineapple、sculpture、raining、WHO等熟悉例子中发现规律,再在词汇猜测、英美英语辨析和新兴表达解释中使用规律,使语言知识转化为解决问题的工具。
2. 核心素养导向:语言能力方面,学生识别并运用compounding、derivation、conversion、abbreviation四类构词方式,理解英美英语在拼写和日常词汇上的差异;文化意识方面,认识英语作为全球语言存在多种变体,理解Noah Webster拼写改革所体现的语言发展;思维品质方面,通过分类、比较、归纳和解释建立“形式—意义—使用”联系;学习能力方面,形成借助构词法、语境和词典推测陌生词义的策略。
3. 单元整体教学:本课是Unit 2 “Exploring English”从“理解英语的创造性”走向“掌握解释英语创造性的语言工具”的关键课时。上一课时通过阅读发现英语中看似矛盾却富有创造力的现象;本课进一步回答“新词怎样形成”“同一种英语为什么会有不同说法”“网络时代如何产生新表达”。这些知识将为后续听说、写作和跨文化交际提供词汇策略与文化支架。
4. 认知进阶路径:课堂遵循“学习理解—应用实践—迁移创新”的完整过程:感知并匹配构词现象 → 归纳四类构词规则 → 完成教材语境填空 → 通过词族竞赛应用规则 → 比较American and British English → 解释不熟悉表达 → 在真实交流任务中综合使用 → 以分层作业迁移到课外语言观察。
教材分析
【What】本课时围绕教材Using language板块展开,核心材料由三组相互关联的学习内容构成。第一,P17 “Review: word formation”回扣阅读语篇中的pineapple、sculpt/sculpture、raining、WHO等例子,引导学生识别abbreviating、changing the part of speech、adding a prefix or suffix、combining two or more words四类构词方式,并通过篇章填空和“like”词族小组竞赛巩固规则。第二,P18 “American and British English”用六幅生活图片呈现subway/underground、highway/motorway、theater/theatre、gas/petrol、apartment/flat、elevator/lift等对应词,并以Noah Webster及“-re → -er”的拼写变化为线索完成语境填空。第三,P19 “Unfamiliar English expressions”以词典、点心图片、网络交流情境等多模态材料呈现selfie、netizen、BRB、COZ、G2G等新兴或陌生表达,强调通过语境、构词与来源信息理解词义。文本类型包括语言例句、说明性短文、信息图表、图片词汇和对话/听力任务,体现“规则发现 + 语境使用”的语言知识课特征。
【Why】编者把构词法放在“Exploring English”主题下,并非要求学生机械记忆前缀后缀表,而是帮助学生建立可迁移的词汇学习策略:面对unfamiliar words时,能够从词的内部结构、句法位置和上下文中推断意义。英美英语对比进一步说明语言并不存在唯一静止的“标准形式”,语言会因历史、地域和使用者而变化;Noah Webster的例子使“语言是人类创造的”这一单元大观念获得历史文化解释。P19的新兴表达又把视角推向数字时代,提醒学生既要理解语言创新,也要关注语域、对象和场合,形成开放而审慎的跨文化交际意识。
【How】教材采用“回顾旧知—规则归纳—控制性练习—比较拓展—交际运用”的组织方式。构词法部分以典型例词为证据,通过匹配和填空把隐性规律显性化;四类构词方式分别体现组合关系(compound)、词缀附加(derivation)、词类零变化转换(conversion)和形式压缩(abbreviation/clipping)。英美英语部分以图片形成一一对应的视觉支架,再通过说明文段把词汇差异放入真实语境,主要使用一般现在时陈述语言事实,并借助for example、whereas、but等连接手段形成对比。P19则通过定义、来源、场景和对话让学生在语用层面理解表达。整体语言简洁、例证密集、分类清晰,适合开展观察—比较—归纳—验证式学习。
学情分析
1. What I know(我已知)
知识基础:学生在初中阶段已经接触常见前缀un-/dis-、后缀-ful/-less/-ly,以及classroom、homework等复合词;能够依据句法位置初步判断名词、动词、形容词和副词。上一课时又在“Neither Pine nor Apple in Pineapple”中接触了hamburger、eggplant、seasick、homesick、hardly、WHO等语言现象。
生活经验:学生普遍知道“美式英语”和“英式英语”在个别单词上不同,如football/soccer、colour/color;日常网络交流中也接触过LOL、OK、VIP、AI等缩略形式,对selfie、网民、emoji等新词有直观经验。
可能问题:已有知识多为零散例词,学生容易把“词缀变化”和“词性转换”混淆;遇到陌生派生词时往往先查词典而不是先分析词形;对英美差异容易形成“哪个才是正确英语”的二元判断。
2. What I want to know(我想知道)
学生可能产生的学习需求:① 一个陌生词能否通过结构拆分猜出大意?② prefix、suffix、compound、conversion到底怎样快速判断?③ 为什么theatre和theater都正确,subway和underground又为什么不同?④ 网络缩略语是不是任何场合都能使用?⑤ 能否用一套方法记住更多词,而不是逐个死记?
3. What I learned(课后预设)
结构化新知:学生能够用“四类构词法—典型结构—例词—作用”四栏框架解释新词形成;能够把6组英美英语词汇及theatre/theater拼写差异放入具体语境辨析;能够依据“结构线索 + 句法位置 + 上下文 + 使用场合”解释常见陌生表达,并形成“先分析、再查证”的词汇学习习惯。
教学目标
1. 语言能力
(1)能够识别并准确说出compounding、derivation、conversion、abbreviation四类构词方式,并在教材P17 Activity 1中完成4项匹配,正确率达到80%以上。
(2)能够通过词形结构和句法位置完成P17构词法篇章填空,解释penfriend/well-known、incorrect/unhappy、improvement、calm/presenting、WTO/ASAP等词的形成方式及基本意义。
(3)能够识别并在情境中恰当使用至少6组American/British English对应词,如subway/underground、gas/petrol、apartment/flat,并能说明theater/theatre属于拼写差异。
(4)能够使用“What does ... mean?” “It means ...” “In American/British English, we say ...” “It is formed by ...”等句式解释陌生表达或语言差异。
2. 文化意识
(1)通过Noah Webster及英美词汇对比,能够说明英语会因历史和地域形成不同变体,理解“different does not mean wrong”,形成尊重语言多样性的态度。
(2)通过selfie、netizen、BRB、COZ、G2G等新兴表达,能够意识到数字媒介推动词汇创新,同时根据正式/非正式语境判断缩略语是否适用。
3. 思维品质
(1)能够依据“词形是否发生变化、是否添加词缀、是否组合多个词、是否压缩形式”四个判断维度对例词分类,并用证据说明理由。
(2)能够比较两种英语表达的相同意义与不同形式,避免把差异简单归结为“对/错”,形成分类、比较和多角度解释的思维方式。
4. 学习能力
(1)能够形成“先拆词—看词性—读语境—再查词典”的陌生词处理流程,并在课堂新词推断任务中独立使用。
(2)能够利用教材图片、词典或可靠网络词典核查英美英语差异,并用1—5分自评表反思本课目标达成情况。
教学重难点
教学重点
1. 构词法的识别与运用:学生必须能从实例中准确区分compounding(两个或更多词组合)、derivation(词根加前/后缀)、conversion(词形不变而词性改变)和abbreviation(缩写/截短),并用这些规则完成P17语境填空、词族拓展和陌生词猜测。
2. 英美英语差异的语境化理解:掌握教材P18六组核心对应词和theatre/theater拼写差异,能在“乘地铁、开车加油、住公寓、乘电梯”等生活情境中选择合适表达,而非停留在机械配对。
教学难点
1. derivation与conversion的概念区分:学生容易看到词义变化就误判为派生。真正判断标准在于“是否增加词缀/词形是否改变”。例如calm(v./adj.)的词形不变属于conversion,而unhappy中增加un-属于derivation。该难点来自汉语缺少相同形态变化系统以及学生对词性的敏感度不足。
2. 从“形式差异”走向“文化解释”:学生能背subway/underground,却未必理解语言变体与历史文化相关,容易追问“哪一个才是标准答案”。需要借助Noah Webster和真实语境帮助学生建立“同义、不同变体、场合适切”的认识。
3. 新兴表达的语域判断:BRB、COZ、G2G等形式简短、记忆容易,但学生可能迁移到正式写作。课堂需要明确“understand it ≠ use it everywhere”,通过场景判断培养语用意识。
教学资源
教材与课件:教材P17—P19;配套课件“模板.pdf”(Lead in—Grammar—Exercise—Assessment—Homework);上一课时阅读语篇中的构词实例。
教学媒介:PPT/电子白板、教材图片、可选配套音频、英美英语词汇卡、构词法分类卡、黑板/白板。
学习工具:纸质或电子词典(课堂核查用)、“Word Detective”学习单、自评量表。
教学活动设计
教学过程
活动形式及步骤
活动意图
时间
学习理解
Activity 1 Link back & notice: How are words made?
T: Good morning, everyone. Last lesson we found that English can be “crazy” but creative. Today we will find out HOW that creativity works. Look at four examples from the reading: pineapple, sculpture, “It’s raining”, and WHO. Do these words all come into English in the same way?
Ss: Individual think for 20 seconds, then pair-share. Expected ideas: pineapple has two words; sculpture comes from sculpt; raining changes the use/form of rain; WHO uses first letters.
T: Good noticing. Open your book to Page 17. The question for today is: Can word formation help us understand and remember unfamiliar English?
Ss: Write one quick prediction on the learning sheet: “I think word formation can help me by ...”.
承接上一课时“语言具有创造性”的主题意义,用课文原例词而非新知识直接导入,激活旧知并制造分类需求。学生先观察再命名,符合学习理解阶段“感知与注意”的要求,同时明确本课核心问题,为后续规则归纳建立认知支点。
4 min
Activity 2 Match & define: Four ways of word formation
T: Read the four sentences in Activity 1. Match the bold words to the four types: 1 abbreviating, 2 changing the part of speech, 3 adding a prefix or suffix, 4 combining two or more words. Work alone first. You have one minute.
Ss: Complete the matching individually, then compare in pairs. Expected mapping: WHO—abbreviating; raining—changing the part of speech; sculpture—adding a suffix; pineapple—combining two or more words.
T: Don’t just give me the number. Tell me the evidence. What changed? Was anything added? Were two words put together? Was the form shortened?
Ss: Explain with evidence: “Pineapple combines pine and apple.” “WHO is made from the first letters.” “Sculpture adds -ure to sculpt.” “Rain can be used as a verb in ‘It’s raining’.”
T: Let’s name the four rules more formally: compounding, derivation, conversion, and abbreviation. Put them into a four-box map in your notebook.
把教材匹配题升级为“匹配 + 证据说明”,防止学生只记答案。教师用四个诊断问题帮助学生抓住构词判断标准,形成可迁移的分类框架;同时引入课件中的compounding、derivation、conversion、abbreviation术语,实现教材与课件知识口径统一。
6 min
Activity 3 Guided discovery: Complete the word-formation passage
T: Now complete Activity 2 on Page 17. Do not guess randomly. For each blank, use three clues: the definition in brackets, the grammar position, and the word-formation rule.
Ss: Complete the passage individually. Then check in groups of four and label each answer C (compound), D (derivation), V (conversion) or A (abbreviation).
T: Let’s check by rule, not by blank number. Compounding first: a friend contacted by letters is a penfriend/pen friend; “known by many people” is well-known. What do the parts contribute to meaning?
Ss: Explain how the meanings combine. Then check derivation: incorrect, unhappy, improvement; conversion: calm/presenting according to sentence function; abbreviation: WTO and ASAP.
T: The PPT gives us more examples: classroom/greenhouse, seasick/homesick; unhappy/dislike, improvement; “shoulder the task”; VIP/CCTV/WTO. Which examples are easiest to guess? Why?
Ss: Briefly classify two extra examples and state a rule. Expected conclusion: recognizable parts and fixed affixes make meaning easier to infer.
T: Strategy note: when you meet a new word, first split it, then check its part of speech, then read the context, and only after that use a dictionary to confirm.
以P17篇章填空为核心控制性练习,把构词知识置于完整语境中。学生必须同时调用“定义—词性—词形”三类证据,避免构词法教学退化为词缀表背诵。课件中的大量例词只作为规则验证材料,服务于建立“先分析、后查证”的词汇学习策略。
9 min
Activity 4 Group challenge: Build a word family from “like”
T: Activity 3 is a word-building challenge. Every group chooses one type of word formation and makes as many correct words as possible. We will use the base word LIKE so that we can compare strategies. Two minutes only.
Ss: Groups brainstorm and record words. Possible outputs from the textbook example: unlike, dislike, likeness, likely, liking, unlikely. Students must underline the prefix/suffix or mark the conversion.
T: A word counts only if your group can explain it. “Unlikely” — what is added and what does it mean? “Liking” — noun or verb here? Give me a short example sentence.
Ss: Defend one word from the group list with structure + meaning + sentence. Other groups can challenge doubtful forms.
T: Excellent. The winner is not simply the group with the longest list; it is the group with the most accurate explanations.
把课本竞赛从“数量竞争”改造成“准确性 + 解释力”竞争,促使学生真正运用分类标准并关注词性和语义。小组合作提高参与度,错误词形由同伴质疑和教师即时反馈纠正,实现从规则理解到规则应用。
5 min
应用实践
Activity 5 Compare in context: American and British English
T: Turn to Page 18. Look at the six pictures. Before reading the labels, guess what each place or object is. Then read the American English word and its British equivalent.
Ss: Match and read aloud the six pairs: subway—underground, highway—motorway, theater—theatre, gas—petrol, apartment—flat, elevator—lift.
T: Now complete the passage. Notice that the first difference is spelling. Noah Webster changed some “-re” spellings to “-er”, so British “theatre” is often American “theater”. The other differences are vocabulary choices.
Ss: Complete the passage in pairs and check by reading the whole sentence, especially the contrast signals “whereas” and “but”.
T: Imagine two signs: “Take the lift” and “Take the elevator”. Is either sign wrong? What changes when the place changes?
Ss: Respond: both are correct; usage depends on variety/context. Students give one pair in a complete sentence: “In American English, people say ..., while in British English, people say ...”.
通过“图片—词汇—篇章—文化解释”四层支架把英美差异放入真实生活场景。Noah Webster的信息帮助学生理解语言差异具有历史来源;“Are they wrong?”追问纠正唯一标准观,落实文化意识目标和比较思维。
6 min
Activity 6 Decode unfamiliar expressions: Meaning, origin and register
T: Page 19 shows another way English changes: new expressions appear with new food, technology and online communication. Read the “Did You Know?” box. Which words are new because of modern life?
Ss: Identify selfie and netizen, and the messaging abbreviations BRB, COZ and G2G. Students infer meanings from the explanations and familiar parts.
T: Work in pairs. Student A asks: “What does BRB mean?” Student B explains: “It means ‘be right back’. It is an abbreviation used in informal online messages.” Then switch roles with one more expression.
Ss: Pair practice using at least two expressions. If classroom audio is available, students also use Activity 6/7 to check pronunciation, meaning and origin; if not, the teacher reads the visible textbook prompts and students focus on strategy rather than unsupported details.
T: One more question: Would you write COZ in a formal email to your head teacher? Why or why not?
Ss: Expected: usually no; it is informal and the audience/occasion matters. Students formulate the rule “Understand informal expressions, but choose them according to context.”
把P19作为本课的语用延伸,形成“构词规则—语言变体—新兴表达”的完整主题链。教师不要求死记听力答案,而强调从解释、来源和场景推断意义;通过正式/非正式情境对比培养语域意识,避免学生把网络缩略语无差别迁移到正式写作。
6 min
迁移创新
Activity 7 Language detective role-play: Explain, compare, advise
T: Now you are “Language Detectives” at an international school. Each pair gets one mini problem. Your answer must include three moves: ① explain how a word is formed; ② clarify an American/British difference or an unfamiliar expression; ③ give advice on when to use it.
T: Example: “My British friend says underground. Is that different from subway?” — “They mean the same transport system. Underground is common in British English, while subway is common in American English. Choose the word your audience knows.” Do not copy my example; create your own.
Ss: Pairs choose/receive prompts such as “unhappy”, “WTO”, “lift/elevator”, “BRB”, or a new word from the PPT. They prepare a 30-second dialogue using: “It is formed by ...”; “In ... English, we say ...”; “It means ...”; “You can use it when ...”.
Ss: Two or three pairs perform. The class gives one star for accurate language and one star for appropriate context.
T: Good. Today we are not only learning words; we are learning how to explain language choices.
设置“国际学校语言侦探”真实任务,把三块知识综合到同一交际问题中,推动学生从单项练习进入迁移创新。评价标准聚焦“准确解释 + 场合适切”,既检验语言能力,也检验文化意识和语用判断。
5 min
Activity 8 Summary, self-assessment & homework(作业布置)
T: Let’s finish the lesson with a four-keyword summary: compound, derivation, conversion, abbreviation. Then add two more ideas: English varies across places, and English keeps changing with its users.
Ss: Complete a 1—5 self-assessment: ① I can classify word formation; ② I can use word formation to guess meaning; ③ I can distinguish the six American/British pairs; ④ I can explain an unfamiliar expression and choose an appropriate context.
T: Now read the homework options. Everyone completes Task A. Task B is for further exploration. Use the hints—do not simply copy dictionary entries.
作业提示与评价
评价重点:规则是否判断正确;是否有语境例句;英美表达是否配对准确;网络表达是否注明使用场合。
作业一(基础必做):Word Formation Detective
从教材P17、上一课时课文或本课PPT中选择8个词,制作四列表:Word | Formation | Evidence | Meaning in context。8个词中至少包含2个compound、2个derivation、1个conversion、1个abbreviation,其余自选。每个词写一个简短语境句。
建议词:homework, seasick, unhappy, improvement, shoulder, WHO/WTO, well-known等。
作业提示(基础任务)
① 先圈出词根/组成部分,再判断类别;② conversion必须说明“原词性→新词性”;③ abbreviation写出完整形式;④ 不确定时先用语境判断,再用词典核查;⑤ 例句应体现该词真实意义,避免只抄词典释义。
检查标准:8词齐全2分;分类准确4分;证据清楚2分;例句恰当2分,共10分。
作业二(提高选做):My Mini English Variety Card
使用词典或可靠网络词典寻找教材以外的3组American/British English差异,再选择1个近年常见英语新词或网络表达。制作一张A4/电子卡片,包含:① AmE—BrE词对及使用情境;② 新词/表达的meaning;③ formation/origin(能判断则说明);④ register:formal / informal;⑤ 一句自己的例句。下节课用60秒向同伴介绍。
提示:不要把“不同”写成“错误”;网络表达须核查来源和使用场合。可优先查学习型词典,避免直接复制未经核实的短视频解释。
板书设计
教学反思
优点:
1. 知识教学与主题意义相互支撑:构词法没有脱离单元大观念单独讲解,而是从上一课时“English reflects creativity”自然过渡到“人如何创造新词”。学生通过pineapple、WHO等旧例词进入规则,再将规则用于陌生词,形成主题与语言知识的闭环。
2. 规则发现过程可视、可操作:用“是否添加词缀—是否组合多个词—词形是否变化—是否压缩形式”作为诊断问题,比直接给定义更有助于高一学生区分derivation与conversion。P17篇章填空、小组词族竞赛和语言侦探任务形成“识别—解释—运用”的递进练习链。
3. 跨文化意识嵌入具体语言情境:P18不是简单背诵六组词对,而是借助Noah Webster、生活图片和“Which one is correct?”追问,引导学生理解语言变体与历史、地域和使用者相关,避免形成单一标准观。
4. 评价与策略同步嵌入:课堂评价关注“能否说明证据”而不只看答案;课末1—5自评和作业四列表都要求学生显性使用构词策略,有利于把一次课堂活动沉淀为可持续的词汇学习方法。
缺点:
1. 45分钟容量较大:本课同时包含四类构词法、P17练习、P18英美差异以及P19陌生表达。如果Activity 3讲解例词过多,后面的跨文化讨论和迁移对话容易被压缩,导致“知识讲完了、学生没用起来”。
2. conversion对基础薄弱学生仍较抽象:汉语词形变化较少,部分学生不容易通过句法位置判断英语词性;若只用术语解释,可能出现“会说conversion但不会判断”的表面掌握。
3. P19听力资源存在依赖:若课堂缺少配套音频或播放条件不稳定,Unfamiliar English expressions部分可能只能依赖可见文本,听力信息提取目标不宜被夸大。
4. 小组竞赛可能放大参与差异:词汇量大的学生容易快速垄断输出,基础薄弱学生可能只负责记录,导致“全组完成”不等于“人人掌握”。
改进:
1. 采用“核心必达 + 弹性拓展”的时间管理:P17四类构词法和P18六组英美词汇设为核心必达;PPT中大量前后缀表只选2—3组代表性例子,其余作为课后资源。若时间不足,P19听力保留“表达含义 + 语域判断”,不展开未经音频支持的细节。
2. 为conversion增加句法支架:使用“位置框”标记a/the + ___、to + ___、be + ___等结构,让学生先判断句子需要的词性,再判断是否发生词形变化;对学困生提供“原词性→新词性”的半成品表格。
3. 强化个体可见学习证据:小组任务前先设置30—60秒个人作答;组内采用轮流解释制,每人至少负责一个词;离堂前用exit ticket独立判断一个新词形成方式,避免只依据小组表现判断个体达成。
4. 提升文化比较深度:除“词不同”外,可在下一课时继续追问“为什么会不同、何时选择哪一种、如何面对不同口音与表达”,并让学生用词典中的AmE/BrE标签进行真实查证,使跨文化意识落实到语言使用决策。
2
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$