Unit 5 Nature’s temper.语法精讲精练讲义2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语讲义围绕“过去进行时”构建系统知识体系，通过表格对比（如一般过去时与过去进行时的差异、when与while的用法区别）和结构化梳理（含义、构成、句型、动词-ing规则），清晰呈现语法要点的内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计，涵盖填空、单选、句型转换等题型，如单句改错通过“were→was”等错误纠正强化语法细节，培养语言能力与思维品质。解析提供易错点提示和解题技巧，基础学生可夯实基础，优秀学生能深化理解，助力教师精准教学与学生自主复习。

人教版八下 Unit 5 Nature’s temper.语法精讲精练 —— 过去进行时—— 第一部分 语法精讲 一、过去进行时的含义 过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。它强调动作在过去某个特定时间点或时间段内的持续性，而不强调动作是否完成。 常用时间状语：at that time（在那时）、at this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）、at 8:00 last night（昨晚八点）、from 7 to 9 yesterday evening（昨晚七点到九点）、the whole morning（整个上午）等。 例句： ① I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night. 昨晚八点我正在做作业。 ② They were playing basketball from 4 to 6 yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点到六点他们一直在打篮球。 ③ What were you doing at that time? 那时你正在做什么？ 二、过去进行时的构成 基本结构：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing形式 was/were的选择取决于主语的人称和数： 主语 be动词 例句 I / he / she / it / 单数名词 was He was reading a book. you / we / they / 复数名词 were They were watching TV. 动词-ing形式的构成规则： 规则 动词原形 动词-ing形式 一般情况直接加-ing read / play / watch reading / playing / watching 以不发音的e结尾，去e加-ing make / write / have making / writing / having 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写该辅音字母再加-ing run / sit / swim / stop running / sitting / swimming / stopping 以ie结尾，变ie为y再加-ing lie / die / tie lying / dying / tying 三、过去进行时的句型结构 1. 肯定句 结构：主语 + was/were + 动词-ing + 其他 例句：I was watching TV at 9:00 last night.（昨晚九点我正在看电视。） 2. 否定句 结构：主语 + was/were + not + 动词-ing + 其他 例句：She was not (wasn't) sleeping at that time.（那时她没有在睡觉。） 3. 一般疑问句及简略回答 结构：Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 例句：—Were you playing football at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?（昨天下午五点你在踢足球吗？） —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't.（是的，我在。/ 不，我没有。） 4. 特殊疑问句 结构：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他？ 例句：What were you doing when I called you?（我给你打电话时你正在做什么？） 四、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 比较项目 一般过去时 过去进行时 含义 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 表示过去某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作 侧重点 强调动作已经完成 强调动作正在进行，不一定完成 动词特点 既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词 通常是延续性动词 例句 David wrote a letter to his friend last night.（大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。信写完了。） David was writing a letter to his friend last night.（大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。信不一定写完。） 【易错点提示】在含有when引导的时间状语从句的复合句中，主句动作正在进行（用过去进行时），从句动作突然发生（用一般过去时），表示「一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作突然发生」。 例句：We were talking when the teacher came in.（我们正在谈话，这时老师进来了。） 五、when与while的用法区别 比较项目 when while 含义 当……的时候 当……时候；与……同时 引导从句的时间 既可以指时间点，也可以指时间段 只指时间段 从句动词性质 可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词 必须是延续性动词或状态动词 用法特点 从句动作可与主句动作同时发生，也可先后发生 强调主句和从句的动作同时发生、持续进行 例句 We were talking when the teacher came in.（老师进来时我们正在谈话。） Jenny was helping Mary with her homework while Linda was sleeping.（琳达睡觉时，珍妮正在帮玛丽做作业。） 【解题技巧】如果从句中的动词是非延续性动词（如come, go, arrive, begin, stop等），只能用when，不能用while；如果强调两个动作同时持续进行，优先用while。 第二部分 语法精练 题型一 用所给动词的适当形式填空（每空一词，注意动词-ing形式的变化规则） 1. I ________ (read) a storybook at 8:00 last night. 2. They ________ (play) football on the playground at that time. 3. —What ________ you ________ (do) when I called you? —I ________ (take) a shower. 4. My mother ________ (cook) dinner while my father ________ (watch) TV. 5. The children ________ (run) on the playground at 5:00 yesterday afternoon. 6. She ________ (not sleep) at 10:00 last night. She ________ (study) for the test. 7. While we ________ (have) dinner, the telephone rang. 8. —________ Tom ________ (draw) a picture at 4:00 yesterday afternoon? —Yes, he ________. 9. The students ________ (listen) to the teacher carefully when I came into the classroom. 10. It ________ (rain) heavily when we left school yesterday. 题型二 单项选择 1. I ______ TV when the telephone rang. A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching 2. —What were you doing at 9:00 last Sunday morning? —I ______ with my friends in the park. A. play B. played C. was playing D. am playing 3. My mother ______ dinner when I got home yesterday. A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. was cooking 4. While I ______ a letter, the lights went out. A. write B. wrote C. was writing D. am writing 5. —______ you ______ basketball at 5:00 yesterday? —No, I wasn't. A. Do; play B. Did; play C. Were; playing D. Are; playing 6. The students ______ an English class at 10:00 yesterday morning. A. have B. had C. were having D. are having 7. I ______ my homework at 7:00 last night, so I didn't answer your call. A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing 8. When the teacher came in, some students ______ loudly. A. talk B. talked C. were talking D. are talking 9. —Was your sister doing her homework at 8:00 last night? —______. She was watching TV. A. Yes, she was B. No, she wasn't C. Yes, she did D. No, she didn't 10. ______ I got home, my mother was cooking dinner. A. When B. While C. Before D. After 题型三 句型转换（每空一词，含缩写） 1. I was doing my homework at 7:00 last night.（改为否定句） I ________ ________ my homework at 7:00 last night. 2. They were playing basketball at that time.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —________ they ________ basketball at that time? —Yes, ________ ________. 3. She was reading a book when I came in.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ she ________ when you came in? 4. The boy was sleeping at 10:00 last night.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the boy ________ at 10:00 last night? 5. Tom was watching TV. His mother was cooking.（用while合并为一句） Tom was watching TV ________ his mother ________ ________. 6. I was doing my homework. The light went out.（用when合并为一句） I ________ ________ my homework ________ the light went out. 7. Were they having a meeting at 3:00 yesterday afternoon?（作否定回答） ________, they ________. 8. He wrote a letter last night.（用过去进行时改写） He ________ ________ a letter last night. 9. The children were playing games in the park.（改为否定句） The children ________ ________ games in the park. 10. My father was reading a newspaper at 8:00 yesterday evening.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ your father ________ at 8:00 yesterday evening? 题型四 根据汉语提示完成句子（每空一词） 1. 昨天晚上八点我正在洗澡。 I ________ ________ a shower at 8:00 last night. 2. 当我到达车站时，火车正在离开。 When I arrived at the station, the train ________ ________. 3. 他们那时正在讨论这个问题。 They ________ ________ about this problem at that time. 4. 昨晚七点到九点，我一直在做作业。 I ________ ________ my homework from 7 to 9 last night. 5. 当老师进来时，学生们正在大声说话。 The students ________ ________ loudly when the teacher came in. 6. 我正在做饭，这时电话铃响了。 I ________ ________ dinner when the telephone rang. 7. —昨天下午三点你在打篮球吗？—是的，我在。 —________ you ________ basketball at 3:00 yesterday afternoon? —Yes, I ________. 8. 当我在等公交车时，我看见了我的一个老朋友。 While I ________ ________ for the bus, I saw an old friend of mine. 9. 她没有在睡觉，她在看书。 She ________ ________. She ________ ________ a book. 10. 那时你正在做什么？ What ________ you ________ at that time? 题型五 单句改错 （下列各句中均有一处错误，请找出并改正） 1. I were doing my homework at 8:00 last night. ________ 2. They was playing football when it began to rain. ________ 3. She is reading a book at 9:00 yesterday evening. ________ 4. When the teacher came in, we talked loudly. ________ 5. While he came in, I was doing my homework. ________ 6. I was watch TV when my mother came back. ________ 7. —Was you doing your homework at that time? —Yes, I was. ________ 8. He not was sleeping at 10:00 last night. ________ 9. The children runing on the playground at that time. ________ 10. I was doing my homework while the light went out. ________ 第三部分 参考答案与解析 题型一 用所给动词的适当形式填空 1. was reading 【解析】主语I用was；read直接加-ing 2. were playing 【解析】主语They用were；play直接加-ing 3. were; doing; was taking 【解析】特殊疑问句结构；take去e加-ing 4. was cooking; was watching 【解析】while引导两个同时进行的动作，均用过去进行时 5. were running 【解析】run双写n加-ing；主语children为复数用were 6. wasn't sleeping; was studying 【解析】否定句在was后加not；study直接加-ing 7. were having 【解析】while引导的从句用过去进行时；have去e加-ing 8. Was; drawing; was 【解析】一般疑问句was提前；draw直接加-ing 9. were listening 【解析】when从句为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时 10. was raining 【解析】主语It用was；rain直接加-ing 题型二 单项选择 1. C 【解析】when从句为一般过去时，主句动作正在进行，用过去进行时was watching。 2. C 【解析】问句用过去进行时，答语也应用过去进行时was playing。 3. D 【解析】when I got home为过去时间点，主句动作正在进行，用过去进行时was cooking。 4. C 【解析】while引导的从句表示动作正在持续，用过去进行时was writing。 5. C 【解析】过去进行时的一般疑问句结构为Was/Were + 主语 + 动词-ing？ 6. C 【解析】at 10:00 yesterday morning为过去具体时间点，用过去进行时were having。 7. C 【解析】at 7:00 last night为过去具体时间点，用过去进行时was doing。 8. C 【解析】when从句为一般过去时，主句动作正在进行，用过去进行时were talking。 9. B 【解析】根据答语「她在看电视」可知是否定回答；过去进行时否定回答用wasn't。 10. A 【解析】get home为非延续性动词，只能用when引导时间状语从句，不能用while。 题型三 句型转换 1. wasn't doing 【解析】过去进行时否定句在was/were后加not。 2. Were; playing; they were 【解析】过去进行时一般疑问句把were提前；肯定回答Yes, they were. 3. What was; doing 【解析】对动作提问用what，过去进行时特殊疑问句结构。 4. What was; doing 【解析】对动作提问用what，主语the boy为单数用was。 5. while; was cooking 【解析】while连接两个同时进行的过去进行时动作。 6. was doing; when 【解析】主句用过去进行时，when从句用一般过去时，表示动作突然发生。 7. No; weren't 【解析】过去进行时否定回答用No, 主语 + weren't. 8. was writing 【解析】一般过去时改为过去进行时，write去e加-ing。 9. weren't playing 【解析】过去进行时否定句在were后加not。 10. What was; doing 【解析】对动作提问用what，主语my father为单数用was。 题型四 根据汉语提示完成句子 1. was taking 【解析】take a shower洗澡；take去e加-taking。 2. was leaving 【解析】leave去e加-ing；主语the train为单数用was。 3. were talking 【解析】talk about讨论；主语they为复数用were。 4. was doing 【解析】from 7 to 9表示过去一段时间，用过去进行时。 5. were talking 【解析】when从句为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 6. was cooking 【解析】when从句为一般过去时，主句用过去进行时。 7. Were; playing; was 【解析】过去进行时一般疑问句；主语you用were。 8. was waiting 【解析】while引导的从句用过去进行时；wait直接加-ing。 9. wasn't sleeping; was reading 【解析】过去进行时否定句和肯定句；sleep/read直接加-ing。 10. were; doing 【解析】过去进行时特殊疑问句；主语you用were。 题型五 单句改错 1. were → was 【解析】主语I对应的be动词应为was。 2. was → were 【解析】主语They对应的be动词应为were。 3. is → was 【解析】at 9:00 yesterday evening为过去时间，应用过去进行时was。 4. talked → were talking 【解析】when从句为一般过去时，主句动作正在进行，应用过去进行时。 5. While → When 【解析】come为非延续性动词，只能用when引导，不能用while。 6. watch → watching 【解析】过去进行时结构为was/were + 动词-ing。 7. Was → Were 【解析】主语you对应的be动词应为were。 8. not was → was not / wasn't 【解析】过去进行时否定句结构为was/were + not，not应放在be动词之后。 9. runing → were running 【解析】缺少be动词；run双写n加-ing；主语children为复数用were。 10. while → when 【解析】go out为非延续性动词，只能用when引导，不能用while。 第 1 页 共 11 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $