Unit 5 Nature's Temper 课时讲义 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过表格梳理与结构化呈现构建“过去进行时”语法体系，涵盖定义、构成、时间状语等核心要点，并用对比表格区分when/while用法，分课时整合自然灾害主题词汇与句型，清晰呈现知识脉络与重难点联系。 讲义亮点在于“语法-语境-应用”三阶练习设计，如语法专练中“用when/while合并句子”培养逻辑思维，即学即练结合台风、海啸等真实情境提升语言运用能力，分层题型兼顾基础巩固与综合拓展，助力学生发展语言能力与思维品质，为教师实施精准教学提供系统支持。

Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元语法专题: 过去进行时 一、定义 过去进行时表示在过去某一具体时刻或某段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或行为。 二、构成 由 was/were + 现在分词 (v.-ing) 构成。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + v.-ing (+ 其他) I was reading a book at 8 p.m. last night. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + v.-ing (+ 其他) She wasn't sleeping when I called. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + v.-ing (+ 其他)? —Were you studying then? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 三、常用时间状语 明确指向过去某个具体时间点或时间段：at this time yesterday、at that time、then、at nine last night、from six to nine yesterday morning，或以 when、while 等引导的时间状语从句。 ① They were having dinner at this time yesterday. ② She was doing her homework while I was watching TV last night 四、与一般过去时的区别 • 过去进行时：强调动作在过去的某一时刻“正在发生”，重在描绘场景，动作当时正在进行。 • 一般过去时：陈述动作在过去的某一时刻“已经发生”，重在说明事实，动作过去已经完成。 ① They were writing letters last night. → 强调昨晚某个时刻他们“正在写”的场景，不强调是否写完。 ② They wrote letters last night. → 强调“写信”这个动作在昨晚已经全部完成。 五、常见句式 结构 例句 When A did ..., B was doing ... 当 A 做某事的一瞬间（短暂动作），B 正在做某事（持续动作）。 When the phone rang, she was cooking. When/While A was doing ..., B did ... 当 A 正在做某事时（持续动作），B 做了某事（短暂动作）。 While I was walking home, I met an old friend. While A was doing ..., B was doing ... 当 A 正在做某事时（持续动作），B 也正在做某事（持续动作）。 While he was reading, she was listening to music. 六、when 和 while 的区别 when/while 引导状语从句，都表示“当……的时候”，但用法上有重要的区别。 When While 核心含义 1. 某个时间点或瞬间动作。 2. 一个时间段（常将其视为一个完整的背景或时期）。 一个时间段，强调动作在该时间段内持续进行。 从句动词 可使用瞬间动词或延续性动词。 通常使用延续性动词。 例句 ① When the phone rang, I was sleeping. ② When I lived in the city, I often went to the cinema. While I was sleeping, the phone rang. ✎ 【语法专练】 I. 根据所给提示，完成句子。 1. She was practising the piano at 6 p.m. yesterday.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ the piano at 6 p.m. yesterday. 2. He was sleeping when his mother came in.（对划线部分提问） What ________ he ________ when his mother came in? 3. I was waiting for the bus at the bus stop.（对划线部分提问） What ________ you ________ at the bus stop? 4. 当铃声响时，我正在收拾书包。（完成译句） When the bell rang, I ________ ________ my schoolbag. 5. 当我在公园散步时，发现了一个钱包。（完成译句） While I ________ ________ in the park, I found a wallet. 6. 阳光照耀时，鸟儿正在歌唱。（完成译句） While the sun was shining, the birds ________ ________. 7. 当 UFO 降落时，那个男孩正在拍照。（完成译句） When the UFO landed, the boy ________ ________ photos. 8. 当你到达的时候，婴儿在哭吗？（完成译句） Was the baby crying ________ you ________? 9. 当我妈妈在打扫房子时，我正在帮她。（完成译句） While my mother ________ ________ the house, I was helping her. 10. loudly, why, shouting, was, so, she（连词成句） ________________________________________________? II. 选择 when / while 填空。 1. I was watching TV ________ Mum came home. 2. ________ I saw him, he was dancing. 3. ________ I was doing my homework, my brother was playing games. 4. Please don't talk ________ you are eating. 5. ________ he finally showed up, he was drunk. III. 语法选择。 It was a stormy afternoon. At around 3 o'clock, the wind ___1___ heavily, making the trees outside sway (摇摆) from side to side. Dark, heavy clouds covered the whole sky, and it became as dark as evening. I ___2___ for my history test in my quiet room when a sudden, incredibly (极度) loud crash of thunder shook the house. The sound scared me so much that I ___3___ my pen. I ran to the window and saw the rain pouring down like a waterfall. Just then, my mother called out from the kitchen, “Where is your brother?” As I turned to look for him, I noticed that our dog, Max, ___4___ nervously under the sofa. Then I saw my little brother. He ___5___ under the large wooden table because he was also afraid of the storm. ( ) 1. A. blew B. blows C. was blowing ( ) 2. A. was studying B. am studying C. studied ( ) 3. A. was dropping B. dropped C. will drop ( ) 4. A. shakes B. shook C. was shaking ( ) 5. A. hides B. was hiding C. is hiding 第一课时 (Section A 1a—2c) 课文呈现 Section A, 1b and 1c Conversation 1 Jack: Hi Xinyi. I heard about the flood in your town. Is everything OK? Xinyi: Yes, we're all right. Thanks. Our neighbour warned us about it in time. Jack: What a kind neighbour! What were you doing at the time? Xinyi: Oh, my family were having dinner when she called. We didn't notice that the water was rising! Jack: You're lucky! Conversation 2 Jiaming: Hi Kate. Are you OK? That was a big earthquake! Kate: Yeah! It scared me. I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a sudden. What were you doing when it started, Jiaming? Jiaming: Oh, I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch. The earthquake took us by surprise too. Kate: Well, I'm glad we're all fine. Thanks for calling! Conversation 3 Susan: Wasn't the snowstorm last weekend terrible, Liu Yun? Liu Yun: Yes, it really was! Susan: What were you doing while it was snowing? Liu Yun: Not much. I was travelling on the train then. The ride took five hours longer! Susan: Oh no ... I heard many people couldn't get home. They had to stay in hotels for the night. Section A, 2b and 2c Interview 1 Reporter: Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon? Boy: No. When the typhoon hit, my family were having dinner at home. Reporter: That's good. How about your neighbourhood? Was it OK? Boy: Oh, it was a mess. My parents and I helped with the clean-up this morning. Interview 2 Reporter: Miss, how did the typhoon affect you? Girl: I was OK, but I was worried about my grandparents. Reporter: Were they all right? Girl: Yes, thankfully. When I called them, they were playing chess at home. Interview 3 Reporter: Sir, what were your family doing when the typhoon hit? Man: Well, my children and I were reading together when a window broke. Even our roof nearly came off! My children were crying, and my wife was scared too. Reporter: Oh dear. Were you prepared for the typhoon? Man: Well, I heard the news, but I didn't think it would be that strong. Weather report Reporter: Now, the typhoon is slowing down as it moves west, but it's not over. If you're near one of the areas close by, be careful, and pay attention to our weather reports. Do stay inside. 重点短语 1. 大自然的脾气 nature's ________ 2. 影响我们的生活 ________ our lives 3. 在自然灾害期间 during a natural ________ 4. 及时就某事告诫某人 ________ sb about sth in time 5. 做家务 do ________ = do housework 6. 准备午餐 ________ lunch 7. 在台风期间 during a ________ 8. 巨浪 tall ________ 9. 被淹没 get ________ 10. 引发海啸 ________ tsunamis 11. 乘坐火车出行 travel ________ the train 12. 一场大地震 a big ________ 13. 使某人惊诧 take sb ________ surprise 14.（屋顶）脱落 come ________ 15. 天气预报 the weather ________ 16. 在面试中 in the ________ 17. 街区 the ________ 重点讲解 1. warn / warning 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. warn sb of/about sth 就……警告某人 warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人（不）要做某事 warn sb + that 从句 警告某人…… n. warning（可数/不可数名词） 警告 ① He warns travelers ________ the danger. 他提醒游客有危险。 ② He warned Billy ________ ________ away from his daughter yesterday. 昨天他警告比利离他女儿远点。 ③ My father warned me ________ I might catch a cold. 爸爸提醒我可能会感冒。 2. trouble 词性 搭配用法 含义 n. have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth / (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 have trouble with + 身体部位 身体某部分疼痛 be in trouble 处于麻烦中 in trouble with sb 与某人产生矛盾/麻烦 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 v. trouble sb 麻烦/打扰某人 ① She has been having ________ ________ her knee. 她膝盖一直不好。 ② I have trouble ________ ________ early in the morning. 我早上很难早起。 ③ I don't want to ________ ________ trouble with the police. 我不想招惹警察，惹上麻烦。 ④ The trouble I had (in) ________ the passage worried me a lot. 理解这段文字有困难，我感到非常焦虑。 ⑤ I don't mean to ________ ________, but I have a question. 我本不想打扰你，但我有个问题。 3. when 引导的时间状语从句 【典句】When the typhoon hit, my family were having dinner at home. 台风来袭时，我们全家正在家里吃晚饭。 【探究】描述“一个短暂动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行”时，常用句式为“When + 一般过去时（瞬间动词），过去进行时（持续动作）”。例如： ① When I ________ in, she ________ ________ a letter. 当我进去的时候，她正在写信。 ② When the bell ________, we ________ ________. 铃响时，我们正在读书。 ③ When I ________ him, he ________ ________ for the bus. 当我看到他时，他正在等公交车。 ④ What ________ you ________ when the earthquake ________? 地震发生的时候，你正在做什么？ ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 Last Sunday afternoon, when I passed by a park near my home, a little boy was climbing a tall tree. Just then, an old man shouted loudly to warn the boy ________ (not do) that. But the boy had trouble ________ (hear) him because of the wind. Suddenly, one of the branches broke! It took everyone by s________. The boy fell but luckily landed on some soft grass. He wasn't hurt, but he was really ________ trouble with his parents later. 第二课时 (Section A 3a—3d) 课文呈现 Haitao: Hi, Lisa. Did your family have any trouble during the typhoon? Lisa: Yes, it was awful. Haitao: I’m sorry to hear that. Did you know that a typhoon was coming? Lisa: No, we didn’t know about it. We were driving home from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started. Haitao: Oh no! It’s dangerous to travel during a typhoon. Lisa: I know. It was raining hard while we were driving back. We almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit us. Haitao: Oh dear, I’m glad you were safe! Lisa: Yes, but when we got home later, we found water everywhere. The house looked awful! Was yours OK? Haitao: Yes. Luckily, we covered our windows and moved our things off the floor before the typhoon started. We stored food and water too. Lisa: That’s good! We’ll do that next time. 重点短语 1. 我们亲戚家 our ________ house 2. 遭遇事故 ________ ________ an accident 3. 把某物从地板上挪开 ________ sth ________ the floor 4. 储备应急物资 store ________ ________ 5. 作准备 make ________ 重点讲解 1. supply 【探究】作动词时，强调持续、稳定且大量地提供，而非偶然或一次性地给予；作名词意为“补给品”或“物资”时，常使用复数形式 supplies。常见搭配用法如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. supply sth to sb = supply sb with sth 给某人提供某物 n. a supply of ... 一批……的供应/物资 daily supplies 日用品 be in short supply ……供应紧缺 ① Our ________ were running out. 我们的补给快用完了。 ② The company supplied us ________ the necessary money. 这家公司为我们提供了必要的资金。 ③ My mum takes ________ large ________ ________ snacks for our trip. 妈妈为我们的旅行带了大量零食。 2. prepare 【典句】Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed? 你们家有没有为台风登陆做些准备？ 【探究】land 作动词使用，意为“（台风、飓风等）登陆”。“make preparations”意为“作准备”。prepare 的常见搭配用法如下： 搭配用法 含义 prepare for sth 为某事作准备（强调为某个事件作全面准备） prepare to do sth 准备做某事（强调接下来的动作） prepare sth (for sb) （为某人）准备某物 be prepared/ready for sth 为……作好准备 make preparations for sth 为……作准备工作 in preparation for 为了准备…… ① The students are busy ________ ________ the final exam. 学生们正忙着准备期末考试。 ② Are you ________ to meet the challenge? 你作好接受挑战的准备了吗？ ③ We need to ________ ________ ________ the meeting. 我们需要为会议作准备。 ④ She is studying hard ________ ________ ________ the exam. 她正在努力学习以备考。 ⑤ I was preparing ________ ________. 我正准备离开。 ⑥ My mum ________ ________ for me every day. 我妈妈每天都为我准备午餐。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 The local government (政府) is making ________ (prepare) for the coming typhoon. They have stored emergency s________ like food, water, and medicine in safe places. Now, they are working to supply these things ________ people in need. Everyone should also prepare ________ bad weather by staying indoors and keeping their phones charged (充电的). 第三课时 (Grammar Focus 4a—4d) 4b Combine each pair of sentences using when or while. 1. I did my homework. The typhoon landed on the coast. 2. The power went out. My father and I made dinner. 3. Kate wrote a letter. Her brother called to warn her of the storm. 4. My parents packed the supplies. I moved our things off the floor. 5. I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs. 4c Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while. When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain ______ beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once. ______ they were waiting, Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they ______ hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed. ______ they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some ______ starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. 重点短语 1. 在海岸登陆 ________ on the coast 2. 提醒她风暴将至 ________ her ________ the storm 3. 打包物资 ________ the ________ 4. 熟睡 sleep ________ 5. 下倾盆大雨 rain ________ and ________ 6. 厚厚的乌云 ________ black clouds 7. 在空中形成 ________ in the sky 8. 拍打他们的屋顶 ________ against their ________ 9. 躲避怒狮 ________ from an angry lion 10. 走到室外 ________ outside 11. 互相询问 ask one ________ 12. 清理街道 ________ the streets 13. 拉近彼此距离 ________ everyone closer together 重点讲解 1. beat 【探究】beat 可作及物或不及物动词，含义比较丰富。请根据下列句子中“beat”的具体含义，选择最匹配的中文释义，并填写序号。 ① 打败 ②（反复地）敲，击，打 ③（心脏）跳动 ④ 狠打；猛揍 ⑤ 击（鼓） ⑥ 扇动（翅膀） ________ The rain was beating heavily against the window during the storm. ________ I finally beat my elder brother at chess last night. I was so excited! ________ The beautiful butterfly beat its wings and flew away. ________ He was so angry that he wanted to beat the person who broke his bike. ________ She beat the drum with great energy during the music class. ________ When the teacher called my name, my heart started beating very fast. 【辨析】beat 与 win beat 意为“打败；战胜”，后接人或团队；win 意为“获胜；赢得”，后接事物（比赛、战斗、奖品等）。例如： ① I can ________ you at swimming. 我能在游泳方面打败你。 ② Who do you think can ________ the volleyball match in the end? 你认为最后谁能赢得排球比赛？ 2. hide 【探究】hide 的过去式为 hid，过去分词为 hidden。作及物动词时，意为“把……藏起来”；作不及物动词时，意为“躲藏”。常见搭配用法如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. hide sb/sth + 介词短语 把……藏在某处 v. hide + 介词短语 躲藏在某处 v. hide sth from sb 向某人隐瞒某事/隐藏某物 v. hide from 躲避（某人/某物） ① She ________ ________ under the bed. = She ________ under the bed. 她把自己藏在床下。 ② You shouldn't try to hide your feelings ________ me. 你不应该对我隐瞒你的感情。 ③ You can ask me anything. I have nothing ________ ________. 你可以问我任何事，我没什么可隐瞒的。 ④ The rabbit hid ________ the fox in a deep hole. 兔子躲在一个深洞里，以躲避狐狸。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示或语境完成文段。 Yesterday, the weather forecast w________ us of a heavy storm. In the afternoon, the sky turned dark and it began to rain c________ and d________. My little dog tried to ________（躲避）the thunder under the table. Seeing how scared he was, I picked him up and joined my parents in the living room. We decided to play cards to take our minds off the storm. My dad ________（打败我）in every game, but we were having so much fun laughing and playing together. The storm actually b________ everyone closer together. The next morning, people worked together ________ (clear) the streets. Everything looked fresh and clean after the rain, and our family felt warmer than ever. 第四课时 (Section B 1a—1e) 课文呈现 How One Girl Saved Many Lives On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out. Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis! “I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried. Unfortunately, her family didn’t believe her and wanted to continue their walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel. Back at the hotel, Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The security guard was shocked. He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia. It meant that a tsunami was possible! He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. Everyone began to panic. People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 deaths, but no one on the beach died that day. This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 重点短语 1. 最严重的自然灾害 the ________ natural disaster 2. 沿着海滩行走 walk ________ the beach 3. 拒绝做某事 ________ to do sth 4. 独自继续行走 ________ the walk ________ 5. 返回酒店 ________ to the hotel 6. 一名保安 a ________ guard 7. 在附近的印度尼西亚 in ________ Indonesia 8. 立刻行动起来 ________ into action right away 9. 让人们撤离海滩 get people ________ the beach 10. 开始恐慌 begin to ________ 11. 正在尖叫 be ________ 12. 成功抵达安全地带 make ________ ________ to ________ ________ 13. 导致超过 20 万人死亡 cause over 200,000 ________ 14. 意味着生与死的差别 ________ the difference ________ life and death 15. 她的知识和快速反应 her ________ and quick ________ 16. 拯救了超过 100 人的生命 save over 100 ________ 17. 除了她母亲以外 ________ for her mother 18. 一……就…… as ________ as 19. 在自然灾害中幸存 ________ a natural disaster 重点讲解 1. refuse 【探究】refuse 可作及物或不及物动词，表示拒绝做某事或回绝某物。常见搭配用法如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 refuse sth 回绝某物 refuse sb sth 拒绝给某人某物 ① The boy refused ________ ________ to his friend. 那个男孩拒绝向他的朋友道歉。 ② They asked her to help but she ________. 他们求她帮忙，但她拒绝了。 ③ He did not accept the job. = He ________ the job. 他回绝了这份工作。 ④ The guard refused ________ ________ because we were late. 保安拒绝让我们进入，因为我们迟到了。 2. nearby 【探究】“nearby”为形容词或副词，不能接宾语。因此，“在我附近”须用介词“near”表达，即“near me”，而非“nearby me”。 【辨析】nearby、near 与 nearly 词汇 词性 词义 例句 nearby adj. 附近的 We can meet at the ________ ________. 我们可以在附近的公园见面。 nearby adv. 在附近 He ________ ________. 他住在附近。 near 介 在……旁边 Stand ________ ________. 站在我旁边。 near adj. 在旁边 We plan to travel to Shanghai in the ________ ________. 我们计划在不久的将来到上海旅行。 nearly adv. 几乎；差不多 ① I nearly finished my homework. ② The movie was nearly three hours long. 3. as + 副词/形容词 + as one can 【典句】People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. 当人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海中袭来时，他们尖叫着，拼命奔跑。 【探究】“as fast as they could”意为“他们尽可能快地”，其中 could 为过去式，是“as + 副词/形容词 + as + 主语 + can”结构的典型应用。其同义表达为“as + 副词/形容词 + as + possible”。例如： ① She explained it as ________ as she ________. 她尽可能清楚地解释了它。 ② We need to finish the job as ________ as we ________. 我们必须尽快完成这项工作。 ③ Please walk as quietly as you can. = Please walk as quietly ________ ________. 请你走路时尽可能保持安静。 【拓展】该结构常与目的状语（从句或短语）连用，以说明动作的目的。在表示目的时，用不定式 to do。例如： ① He is working as hard as he can ________ ________ the exam. 他正在拼命学习，为了能通过考试。 ② He ran as fast as he could ________ ________ ________ the school bus. 他拼命地跑，为了赶上校车。 4. except for 【典句】Tilly's family went back to the hotel, except for her mother. 除了她妈妈，蒂莉的家人都回到了酒店。 【探究】except for 的用法可分为两种情况。首先，当表示“从整体中排除个别成员”时，它与 except 等效，常可互换。其次，当用于对前文陈述进行整体性的修正或补充细节时，则多用 except for。例如： ① All my classmates passed the exam ________ (________) Tom. 除了汤姆，我所有的同学都通过了考试。 ② The room was very quiet ________ ________ the sound of the rain. 房间里非常安静，除了雨声。 【知识重温】 • “except”意为“除……之外”，表示排除关系，即不包含其后所提及的对象。 • “besides”意为“除……之外（还）”，表示累加关系，即额外包含后面提到的对象，后面若跟动词，要用-ing 形式。 • 常见固定搭配有：have nothing to do but/except do sth 意为“无事可做，除了做……”，Nobody but/except sb 意为“只有某人……”。例如： ① ________ English, she also studies French. 除了英语，她还学习了法语。（包含 English） ② She had nothing to do except ________ money. 她除了花钱便无所事事。 ③ Besides ________ football, he often goes swimming on weekends. 除了踢足球，他周末还经常去游泳。 ④ Nobody ________ ________ will help him out. 只有你会去帮助他。 ⑤ Everyone was invited ________ me. 除我以外，所有人都受到了邀请。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 Last Saturday, we were playing n________ a lake. Suddenly, we heard a cry for help. We saw a child was trapped (困住) on a rock in the middle of the water. Except ________ a brave boy named Tom, everyone was too scared to move. Tom knew he had to act as quickly as he could ________ (save) the person. He didn't refuse ________ (help). He jumped ________ action right away and got the child ________ the dangerous rock in the water. Finally, they both made it to ________ (safe). We all thought Tom was a hero. 第五课时 (Section B 2a—Reflecting) 重点短语 1. 席卷村庄 ________ through the village 2. 需要更多人力 need more ________ 3. 保护建筑物 ________ the buildings 4. 听那个男人的心跳 listen to the man's ________ 5. 经历一场巨大的热浪 ________ a great heatwave 6. 自 1961 年以来 ________ 1961 7. 袭击西南部城市 ________ the southwestern city 8. 远离危险区域 stay away ________ dangerous areas 9. 扑救火灾 ________ the fires 10. 救援人员 the ________ workers 11. 成功扑灭所有火灾 ________ to put ________ all the fires 12.（某天）开始得很糟糕 start ________ 13. 我的闹钟 my ________ clock 14.（警报器等）突然发出巨响 ________ off 15. 醒来 ________ up 16. 复习我的笔记 ________ my notes 17. 突然；猛地 all of ________ ________ 18.（雷声）滚过天空 roll ________ the sky 19. 开始下倾盆大雨 start to ________ 20. 到……的时候 ________ the time 21. 上气不接下气 out of ________ 22. 因为暴雨 because of the ________ 23. 因此 as a ________ 24. 导致交通严重堵塞 ________ heavy traffic 25. 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 go ________ 26. 听到雷声 hear ________ 27. 看到闪电 see ________ 28. 划过天际、掠过天空 flash ________ the sky 29. 全神贯注地看着某物；离某物很近 be glued ________ 重点讲解 1. since 【探究】since 主要有两大核心用法，其含义、规则和时态搭配均有不同，具体对比如下： 含义 表示时间（自……以来） 表示原因（既然） 核心规则 引出一个过去的起点，主句动作从该点持续至今。 引出一个显而易见的、已知的原因，语气比 because 弱。 时态规则 主句：现在完成时 从句：一般过去时 无固定时态，根据实际逻辑和语境需要选择。 例句 I ________ ________ here since I ________ a child. 从我小时候起，我就一直住在这里。 Since you ________ busy, I will call you later. 既然你很忙，我晚点再打给你。 2. volunteer 【探究】volunteer 既可作动词，表示“自愿提供（时间、服务）”；也可作可数名词，指“志愿者；自告奋勇者”。常见搭配如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. volunteer one's time to do sth 自愿花时间去做某事 volunteer to do sth 自愿去做某事 volunteer at/in ... 在（某地）当志愿者 volunteer as (a teacher) 作（教师）志愿者 n. volunteer 志愿者；自告奋勇者 ① He volunteered three hours ________ ________ the elderly in the old people's home. 他自愿花三个小时去帮助养老院里的老人。 ② He volunteered ________ a teacher in the village. 他在乡村当教师志愿者。 ③ He used to work as ________ ________. 他曾经当过志愿者。 ④ He volunteered ________ ________ up the park. 他自愿去打扫公园。 3. go off 【典句】First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 首先，我的闹钟没响，所以我醒晚了，只好匆忙赶往公交车站。 【探究】go off 含义比较丰富。请根据下列句子中“go off”的具体含义，选择最匹配的中文释义，并填写序号。 ①（警报器或闹钟）响起 ②（电器设备）停止运转 ③ 离开，出发 ④ 开火；爆炸 ________ As the water came in the windows, all the lights went off. ________ The train has already gone off and left the station. ________ Didn't you hear your alarm clock go off this morning? ________ The gun went off by accident. 【知识重温】其他类似动词短语如下： • go with 搭配；相配 • turn off 关掉（水、电或煤气） • drop off（开车）把某人送到某处 ① Does this blue tie ________ ________ my shirt? 这条蓝领带和我的衬衫相配吗？ ② Please ________ ________ the lights when you leave. 你离开时请关灯。 ③ My father will ________ me ________ at the school gate. 我爸爸会把我送到学校门口。 4. by the time 【典句】By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. 等公交车到的时候，我已经浑身冰冷、衣服湿透了。 【探究】by the time 引导时间状语从句，意为“到……的时候”，后面接完整句子。例如： ① ________ ________ ________ you got to school, you were only five minutes late for class. 当你到学校时，你上课只迟到了五分钟。 ② By the time ________ ________ her homework, it was already dark outside. 她写完作业的时候，外面天都黑了。 ③ He had left by the time ________ ________ home. 当我们到家的时候他已经走了。 【拓展】by the end of 意为“到……时为止，在……之前”，后接一个时间点（如：last month、the party），而不是完整的句子。例如： ① ________ ________ ________ ________ I ran to the school gate, the bus had already left. 等我跑到学校门口的时候，公交车已经开走了。 ② ________ ________ ________ ________ the meeting, everyone was tired. 到会议结束时，大家都累了。 5. 感叹句 【典句】What luck on my unlucky day! 在我这倒霉透顶的一天里，这可真是因祸得福啊！ 【探究】这是一个典型的感叹句，是高度简洁的口语化表达。其完整的语法结构可还原为“What luck (this is) on my unlucky day!”。感叹句句型探究如下： 句型 结构 What 引导感叹句 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 +（主谓）+（其他）! What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 +（主谓）+（其他）! How 引导感叹句 How + 形容词/副词 +（主谓）+（其他）! ① ________ an exciting movie (it is)! 真是一部刺激的电影！ ② ________ good weather (it is)! 天气真好！ ③ ________ beautiful flowers (they are)! 这些花真美！ ④ ________ beautiful the flowers are! 这些花真美！ 【拓展】当感叹句作为宾语从句时，需使用陈述语序： • how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 • what + 形容词 + 名词（词组）+ 主语 + 谓语 ① We all saw how happy ________ ________ when she got the gift. 我们都看到了她收到礼物时是多么开心。 ② She told me what an interesting book ________ ________. 她告诉我那是一本多么有趣的书。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 S________ it was the school sports day, I volunteered ________ (help) at the starting line. I needed to be there early, so I set my alarm clock. However, in the morning, it didn't go ________! All of a ________ (suddenly), my mother w________ me up. I was shocked! ________（到……的时候）I arrived at the field, the first race was about to start. “________ a beautiful day for a sports meet!” my teacher said cheerfully. I quickly started my job. ________（在……结束时）the day, everything was perfect, and nothing ________（出错）. I felt very proud. 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Nature's Temper 单元语法专题: 过去进行时 一、定义 过去进行时表示在过去某一具体时刻或某段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或行为。 二、构成 由 was/were + 现在分词 (v.-ing) 构成。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + was/were + v.-ing (+ 其他) I was reading a book at 8 p.m. last night. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + v.-ing (+ 其他) She wasn't sleeping when I called. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + v.-ing (+ 其他)? —Were you studying then? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn't. 三、常用时间状语 明确指向过去某个具体时间点或时间段：at this time yesterday、at that time、then、at nine last night、from six to nine yesterday morning，或以 when、while 等引导的时间状语从句。 ① They were having dinner at this time yesterday. ② She was doing her homework while I was watching TV last night 四、与一般过去时的区别 • 过去进行时：强调动作在过去的某一时刻“正在发生”，重在描绘场景，动作当时正在进行。 • 一般过去时：陈述动作在过去的某一时刻“已经发生”，重在说明事实，动作过去已经完成。 ① They were writing letters last night. → 强调昨晚某个时刻他们“正在写”的场景，不强调是否写完。 ② They wrote letters last night. → 强调“写信”这个动作在昨晚已经全部完成。 五、常见句式 结构 例句 When A did ..., B was doing ... 当 A 做某事的一瞬间（短暂动作），B 正在做某事（持续动作）。 When the phone rang, she was cooking. When/While A was doing ..., B did ... 当 A 正在做某事时（持续动作），B 做了某事（短暂动作）。 While I was walking home, I met an old friend. While A was doing ..., B was doing ... 当 A 正在做某事时（持续动作），B 也正在做某事（持续动作）。 While he was reading, she was listening to music. 六、when 和 while 的区别 when/while 引导状语从句，都表示“当……的时候”，但用法上有重要的区别。 When While 核心含义 1. 某个时间点或瞬间动作。 2. 一个时间段（常将其视为一个完整的背景或时期）。 一个时间段，强调动作在该时间段内持续进行。 从句动词 可使用瞬间动词或延续性动词。 通常使用延续性动词。 例句 ① When the phone rang, I was sleeping. ② When I lived in the city, I often went to the cinema. While I was sleeping, the phone rang. ✎ 【语法专练】 I. 根据所给提示，完成句子。 1. She was practising the piano at 6 p.m. yesterday.（改为否定句） She ________ ________ the piano at 6 p.m. yesterday. 【答案：was not (或 wasn't)】 2. He was sleeping when his mother came in.（对划线部分提问） What ________ he ________ when his mother came in? 【答案：was; doing】 3. I was waiting for the bus at the bus stop.（对划线部分提问） What ________ you ________ at the bus stop? 【答案：were; doing】 4. 当铃声响时，我正在收拾书包。（完成译句） When the bell rang, I ________ ________ my schoolbag. 【答案：was; packing】 5. 当我在公园散步时，发现了一个钱包。（完成译句） While I ________ ________ in the park, I found a wallet. 【答案：was; walking】 6. 阳光照耀时，鸟儿正在歌唱。（完成译句） While the sun was shining, the birds ________ ________. 【答案：were; singing】 7. 当 UFO 降落时，那个男孩正在拍照。（完成译句） When the UFO landed, the boy ________ ________ photos. 【答案：was; taking】 8. 当你到达的时候，婴儿在哭吗？（完成译句） Was the baby crying ________ you ________? 【答案：when; arrived】 9. 当我妈妈在打扫房子时，我正在帮她。（完成译句） While my mother ________ ________ the house, I was helping her. 【答案：was; cleaning】 10. loudly, why, shouting, was, so, she（连词成句） 【答案：Why was she shouting so loudly?】 ________________________________________________? II. 选择 when / while 填空。 1. I was watching TV ________ Mum came home. 【答案：when】 2. ________ I saw him, he was dancing. 【答案：When】 3. ________ I was doing my homework, my brother was playing games. 【答案：While】 4. Please don't talk ________ you are eating. 【答案：while】 5. ________ he finally showed up, he was drunk. 【答案：When】 III. 语法选择。 It was a stormy afternoon. At around 3 o'clock , the wind ___1___ heavily, making the trees outside sway (摇摆) from side to side. Dark, heavy clouds covered the whole sky, and it became as dark as evening. I ___2___ for my history test in my quiet room when a sudden, incredibly (极度) loud crash of thunder shook the house. The sound scared me so much that I ___3___ my pen. I ran to the window and saw the rain pouring down like a waterfall. Just then, my mother called out from the kitchen, “Where is your brother?” As I turned to look for him, I noticed that our dog, Max, ___4___ nervously under the sofa. Then I saw my little brother. He ___5___ under the large wooden table because he was also afraid of the storm. ( ) 1. A. blew B. blows C. was blowing ( ) 2. A. was studying B. am studying C. studied ( ) 3. A. was dropping B. dropped C. will drop ( ) 4. A. shakes B. shook C. was shaking ( ) 5. A. hides B. was hiding C. is hiding 【答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B】 第一课时 (Section A 1a—2c) 课文呈现 Section A, 1b and 1c Conversation 1 Jack: Hi Xinyi. I heard about the flood in your town. Is everything OK? Xinyi: Yes, we're all right. Thanks. Our neighbour warned us about it in time. Jack: What a kind neighbour! What were you doing at the time? Xinyi: Oh, my family were having dinner when she called. We didn't notice that the water was rising! Jack: You're lucky! Conversation 2 Jiaming: Hi Kate. Are you OK? That was a big earthquake! Kate: Yeah! It scared me. I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a sudden. What were you doing when it started, Jiaming? Jiaming: Oh, I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch. The earthquake took us by surprise too. Kate: Well, I'm glad we're all fine. Thanks for calling! Conversation 3 Susan: Wasn't the snowstorm last weekend terrible, Liu Yun? Liu Yun: Yes, it really was! Susan: What were you doing while it was snowing? Liu Yun: Not much. I was travelling on the train then. The ride took five hours longer! Susan: Oh no ... I heard many people couldn't get home. They had to stay in hotels for the night. Section A, 2b and 2c Interview 1 Reporter: Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon? Boy: No. When the typhoon hit, my family were having dinner at home. Reporter: That's good. How about your neighbourhood? Was it OK? Boy: Oh, it was a mess. My parents and I helped with the clean-up this morning. Interview 2 Reporter: Miss, how did the typhoon affect you? Girl: I was OK, but I was worried about my grandparents. Reporter: Were they all right? Girl: Yes, thankfully. When I called them, they were playing chess at home. Interview 3 Reporter: Sir, what were your family doing when the typhoon hit? Man: Well, my children and I were reading together when a window broke. Even our roof nearly came off! My children were crying, and my wife was scared too. Reporter: Oh dear. Were you prepared for the typhoon? Man: Well, I heard the news, but I didn't think it would be that strong. Weather report Reporter: Now, the typhoon is slowing down as it moves west, but it's not over. If you're near one of the areas close by, be careful, and pay attention to our weather reports. Do stay inside. 重点短语 1. 大自然的脾气 nature's ________ 【答案：temper】 2. 影响我们的生活 ________ our lives 【答案：affect】 3. 在自然灾害期间 during a natural ________ 【答案：disaster】 4. 及时就某事告诫某人 ________ sb about sth in time 【答案：warn】 5. 做家务 do ________ = do housework 【答案：chores】 6. 准备午餐 ________ lunch 【答案：prepare】 7. 在台风期间 during a ________ 【答案：typhoon】 8. 巨浪 tall ________ 【答案：waves】 9. 被淹没 get ________ 【答案：flooded】 10. 引发海啸 ________ tsunamis 【答案：cause】 11. 乘坐火车出行 travel ________ the train 【答案：on】 12. 一场大地震 a big ________ 【答案：earthquake】 13. 使某人惊诧 take sb ________ surprise 【答案：by】 14.（屋顶）脱落 come ________ 【答案：off】 15. 天气预报 the weather ________ 【答案：report】 16. 在面试中 in the ________ 【答案：interview】 17. 街区 the ________ 【答案：neighbourhood】 重点讲解 1. warn / warning 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. warn sb of/about sth 就……警告某人 warn sb (not) to do sth 告诫某人（不）要做某事 warn sb + that 从句 警告某人…… n. warning（可数/不可数名词） 警告 ① He warns travelers ________ the danger. 【答案：of】 他提醒游客有危险。 ② He warned Billy ________ ________ away from his daughter yesterday. 【答案：not; to】 昨天他警告比利离他女儿远点。 ③ My father warned me ________ I might catch a cold. 【答案：that】 爸爸提醒我可能会感冒。 2. trouble 词性 搭配用法 含义 n. have trouble/difficulty/problems with sth / (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 have trouble with + 身体部位 身体某部分疼痛 be in trouble 处于麻烦中 in trouble with sb 与某人产生矛盾/麻烦 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 v. trouble sb 麻烦/打扰某人 ① She has been having ________ ________ her knee. 【答案：trouble; with】 她膝盖一直不好。 ② I have trouble ________ ________ early in the morning. 【答案：getting; up】 我早上很难早起。 ③ I don't want to ________ ________ trouble with the police. 【答案：get; into】 我不想招惹警察，惹上麻烦。 ④ The trouble I had (in) ________ the passage worried me a lot. 【答案：understanding】 理解这段文字有困难，我感到非常焦虑。 ⑤ I don't mean to ________ ________, but I have a question. 【答案：disturb; you】 我本不想打扰你，但我有个问题。 3. when 引导的时间状语从句 【典句】When the typhoon hit, my family were having dinner at home. 台风来袭时，我们全家正在家里吃晚饭。 【探究】描述“一个短暂动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行”时，常用句式为“When + 一般过去时（瞬间动词），过去进行时（持续动作）”。例如： ① When I ________ in, she ________ ________ a letter. 【答案：came; was; writing】 当我进去的时候，她正在写信。 ② When the bell ________, we ________ ________. 【答案：rang; were; reading】 铃响时，我们正在读书。 ③ When I ________ him, he ________ ________ for the bus. 【答案：saw; was; waiting】 当我看到他时，他正在等公交车。 ④ What ________ you ________ when the earthquake ________? 【答案：were; doing; happened】 地震发生的时候，你正在做什么？ ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 Last Sunday afternoon, when I passed by a park near my home 【答案：not to do; hearing; surprise; in】, a little boy was climbing a tall tree. Just then, an old man shouted loudly to warn the boy ________ (not do) that. But the boy had trouble ________ (hear) him because of the wind. Suddenly, one of the branches broke! It took everyone by s________. The boy fell but luckily landed on some soft grass. He wasn't hurt, but he was really ________ trouble with his parents later. 第二课时 (Section A 3a—3d) 课文呈现 Haitao: Hi, Lisa. Did your family have any trouble during the typhoon? Lisa: Yes, it was awful. Haitao: I’m sorry to hear that. Did you know that a typhoon was coming? Lisa: No, we didn’t know about it. We were driving home from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started. Haitao: Oh no! It’s dangerous to travel during a typhoon. Lisa: I know. It was raining hard while we were driving back. We almost got into an accident when a truck nearly hit us. Haitao: Oh dear, I’m glad you were safe! Lisa: Yes, but when we got home later, we found water everywhere. The house looked awful! Was yours OK? Haitao: Yes. Luckily, we covered our windows and moved our things off the floor before the typhoon started. We stored food and water too. Lisa: That’s good! We’ll do that next time. 重点短语 1. 我们亲戚家 our ________ house 【答案：relatives'】 2. 遭遇事故 ________ ________ an accident 【答案：get; into】 3. 把某物从地板上挪开 ________ sth ________ the floor 【答案：move; off】 4. 储备应急物资 store ________ ________ 【答案：emergency; supplies】 5. 作准备 make ________ 【答案：preparations】 重点讲解 1. supply 【探究】作动词时，强调持续、稳定且大量地提供，而非偶然或一次性地给予；作名词意为“补给品”或“物资”时，常使用复数形式 supplies。常见搭配用法如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. supply sth to sb = supply sb with sth 给某人提供某物 n. a supply of ... 一批……的供应/物资 daily supplies 日用品 be in short supply ……供应紧缺 ① Our ________ were running out. 【答案：supplies】 我们的补给快用完了。 ② The company supplied us ________ the necessary money. 【答案：with】 这家公司为我们提供了必要的资金。 ③ My mum takes ________ large ________ ________ snacks for our trip. 【答案：a; supply; of】 妈妈为我们的旅行带了大量零食。 2. prepare 【典句】Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed? 你们家有没有为台风登陆做些准备？ 【探究】land 作动词使用，意为“（台风、飓风等）登陆”。“make preparations”意为“作准备”。prepare 的常见搭配用法如下： 搭配用法 含义 prepare for sth 为某事作准备（强调为某个事件作全面准备） prepare to do sth 准备做某事（强调接下来的动作） prepare sth (for sb) （为某人）准备某物 be prepared/ready for sth 为……作好准备 make preparations for sth 为……作准备工作 in preparation for 为了准备…… ① The students are busy ________ ________ the final exam. 【答案：preparing; for】 学生们正忙着准备期末考试。 ② Are you ________ to meet the challenge? 【答案：prepared】 你作好接受挑战的准备了吗？ ③ We need to ________ ________ ________ the meeting. 【答案：make; preparations; for】 我们需要为会议作准备。 ④ She is studying hard ________ ________ ________ the exam. 【答案：to; prepare; for】 她正在努力学习以备考。 ⑤ I was preparing ________ ________. 【答案：to; leave】 我正准备离开。 ⑥ My mum ________ ________ for me every day. 【答案：prepares; lunch】 我妈妈每天都为我准备午餐。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 The local government (政府) is making ________ (prepare) for the coming typhoon. 【答案：preparations; supplies; to; for】 They have stored emergency s________ like food, water, and medicine in safe places. Now, they are working to supply these things ________ people in need. Everyone should also prepare ________ bad weather by staying indoors and keeping their phones charged (充电的). 第三课时 (Grammar Focus 4a—4d) 4b Combine each pair of sentences using when or while. 1. I did my homework. The typhoon landed on the coast. 【答案：I was doing my homework when the typhoon landed on the coast.】 2. The power went out. My father and I made dinner. 【答案：My father and I were making dinner when the power went out.】 3. Kate wrote a letter. Her brother called to warn her of the storm. 【答案：Kate was writing a letter when her brother called to warn her of the storm.】 4. My parents packed the supplies. I moved our things off the floor. 【答案：While my parents were packing the supplies, I moved our things off the floor.】 5. I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs. 【答案：I was sleeping soundly when it rained cats and dogs.】 4c Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while. When Jenny looked up, thick black clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain ______ beating against their roof. “Quick, this way,” said Dad. The family ran to the safe room at once. ______ they were waiting, Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave her some chocolate and told her that they ______ hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again. At last, the storm passed. 【答案：was; While; were; When; were】 ______ they stepped outside, they found the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some ______ starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was scary, but it also brought everyone closer together. 重点短语 1. 在海岸登陆 ________ on the coast 【答案：land】 2. 提醒她风暴将至 ________ her ________ the storm 【答案：warn; of】 3. 打包物资 ________ the ________ 【答案：pack; supplies】 4. 熟睡 sleep ________ 【答案：soundly】 5. 下倾盆大雨 rain ________ and ________ 【答案：cats; dogs】 6. 厚厚的乌云 ________ black clouds 【答案：thick】 7. 在空中形成 ________ in the sky 【答案：form】 8. 拍打他们的屋顶 ________ against their ________ 【答案：beat; roof】 9. 躲避怒狮 ________ from an angry lion 【答案：hide】 10. 走到室外 ________ outside 【答案：step】 11. 互相询问 ask one ________ 【答案：another】 12. 清理街道 ________ the streets 【答案：clear】 13. 拉近彼此距离 ________ everyone closer together 【答案：bring】 重点讲解 1. beat 【探究】beat 可作及物或不及物动词，含义比较丰富。请根据下列句子中“beat”的具体含义，选择最匹配的中文释义，并填写序号。 ① 打败 ②（反复地）敲，击，打 ③（心脏）跳动 ④ 狠打；猛揍 ⑤ 击（鼓） ⑥ 扇动（翅膀） ________ The rain was beating heavily against the window during the storm. 【答案：②】 ________ I finally beat my elder brother at chess last night. 【答案：①】 I was so excited! ________ The beautiful butterfly beat its wings and flew away. 【答案：⑥】 ________ He was so angry that he wanted to beat the person who broke his bike. 【答案：④】 ________ She beat the drum with great energy during the music class. 【答案：⑤】 ________ When the teacher called my name, my heart started beating very fast. 【答案：③】 【辨析】beat 与 win beat 意为“打败；战胜”，后接人或团队；win 意为“获胜；赢得”，后接事物（比赛、战斗、奖品等）。例如： ① I can ________ you at swimming. 【答案：beat】 我能在游泳方面打败你。 ② Who do you think can ________ the volleyball match in the end? 【答案：win】 你认为最后谁能赢得排球比赛？ 2. hide 【探究】hide 的过去式为 hid，过去分词为 hidden。作及物动词时，意为“把……藏起来”；作不及物动词时，意为“躲藏”。常见搭配用法如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. hide sb/sth + 介词短语 把……藏在某处 v. hide + 介词短语 躲藏在某处 v. hide sth from sb 向某人隐瞒某事/隐藏某物 v. hide from 躲避（某人/某物） ① She ________ ________ under the bed. = She ________ under the bed. 【答案：hid; herself; hid】 她把自己藏在床下。 ② You shouldn't try to hide your feelings ________ me. 【答案：from】 你不应该对我隐瞒你的感情。 ③ You can ask me anything. I have nothing ________ ________. 【答案：to; hide】 你可以问我任何事，我没什么可隐瞒的。 ④ The rabbit hid ________ the fox in a deep hole. 【答案：from】 兔子躲在一个深洞里，以躲避狐狸。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示或语境完成文段。 Yesterday, the weather forecast w________ us of a heavy storm. 【答案：warned; cats; dogs; hide; beat me; brought】 In the afternoon, the sky turned dark and it began to rain c________ and d________. My little dog tried to ________（躲避）the thunder under the table. Seeing how scared he was, I picked him up and joined my parents in the living room. We decided to play cards to take our minds off the storm. My dad ________（打败我）in every game, but we were having so much fun laughing and playing together. The storm actually b________ everyone closer together. The next morning, people worked together ________ (clear) the streets. 【答案：to clear】 Everything looked fresh and clean after the rain, and our family felt warmer than ever. 第四课时 (Section B 1a—1e) 课文呈现 How One Girl Saved Many Lives On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. But while Tilly was walking along the beach with her family, she noticed something strange. Thick white froth was forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in instead of going out. Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create dangerous waves called tsunamis! “I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried. Unfortunately, her family didn’t believe her and wanted to continue their walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. Finally, her mother decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the hotel. Back at the hotel, Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The security guard was shocked. He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby Indonesia. It meant that a tsunami was possible! He jumped into action right away and rushed to get people off the beach. Everyone began to panic. People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. The 2004 tsunami caused over 200,000 deaths, but no one on the beach died that day. This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between life and death. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl was able to save over 100 lives. 重点短语 1. 最严重的自然灾害 the ________ natural disaster 【答案：worst】 2. 沿着海滩行走 walk ________ the beach 【答案：along】 3. 拒绝做某事 ________ to do sth 【答案：refuse】 4. 独自继续行走 ________ the walk ________ 【答案：continue; alone】 5. 返回酒店 ________ to the hotel 【答案：return】 6. 一名保安 a ________ guard 【答案：security】 7. 在附近的印度尼西亚 in ________ Indonesia 【答案：nearby】 8. 立刻行动起来 ________ into action right away 【答案：jump】 9. 让人们撤离海滩 get people ________ the beach 【答案：off】 10. 开始恐慌 begin to ________ 【答案：panic】 11. 正在尖叫 be ________ 【答案：screaming】 12. 成功抵达安全地带 make ________ ________ to ________ ________ 【答案：it; to; safety】 13. 导致超过 20 万人死亡 cause over 200,000 ________ 【答案：deaths】 14. 意味着生与死的差别 ________ the difference ________ life and death 【答案：mean; between】 15. 她的知识和快速反应 her ________ and quick ________ 【答案：knowledge; thinking】 16. 拯救了超过 100 人的生命 save over 100 ________ 【答案：lives】 17. 除了她母亲以外 ________ for her mother 【答案：Except】 18. 一……就…… as ________ as 【答案：soon】 19. 在自然灾害中幸存 ________ a natural disaster 【答案：survive】 重点讲解 1. refuse 【探究】refuse 可作及物或不及物动词，表示拒绝做某事或回绝某物。常见搭配用法如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 refuse sth 回绝某物 refuse sb sth 拒绝给某人某物 ① The boy refused ________ ________ to his friend. 【答案：to apologize】 那个男孩拒绝向他的朋友道歉。 ② They asked her to help but she ________. 【答案：refused】 他们求她帮忙，但她拒绝了。 ③ He did not accept the job. = He ________ the job. 【答案：refused】 他回绝了这份工作。 ④ The guard refused ________ ________ because we were late. 【答案：to let】 保安拒绝让我们进入，因为我们迟到了。 2. nearby 【探究】“nearby”为形容词或副词，不能接宾语。因此，“在我附近”须用介词“near”表达，即“near me”，而非“nearby me”。 【辨析】nearby、near 与 nearly 词汇 词性 词义 例句 nearby adj. 附近的 We can meet at the ________ ________. 我们可以在附近的公园见面。 【答案：nearby; park】 nearby adv. 在附近 He ________ ________. 他住在附近。 【答案：lives; nearby】 near 介 在……旁边 Stand ________ ________. 站在我旁边。 【答案：near; me】 near adj. 在旁边 We plan to travel to Shanghai in the ________ ________. 我们计划在不久的将来到上海旅行。 【答案：near; future】 nearly adv. 几乎；差不多 ① I nearly finished my homework. ② The movie was nearly three hours long. 3. as + 副词/形容词 + as one can 【典句】People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a huge wall of water coming from the sea. 当人们看到一堵巨大的水墙从海中袭来时，他们尖叫着，拼命奔跑。 【探究】“as fast as they could”意为“他们尽可能快地”，其中 could 为过去式，是“as + 副词/形容词 + as + 主语 + can”结构的典型应用。其同义表达为“as + 副词/形容词 + as + possible”。例如： ① She explained it as ________ as she ________. 【答案：clearly; could】 她尽可能清楚地解释了它。 ② We need to finish the job as ________ as we ________. 【答案：soon; can】 我们必须尽快完成这项工作。 ③ Please walk as quietly as you can. = Please walk as quietly ________ ________. 【答案：as; possible】 请你走路时尽可能保持安静。 【拓展】该结构常与目的状语（从句或短语）连用，以说明动作的目的。在表示目的时，用不定式 to do。例如： ① He is working as hard as he can ________ ________ the exam. 【答案：to; pass】 他正在拼命学习，为了能通过考试。 ② He ran as fast as he could ________ ________ ________ the school bus. 【答案：to catch the school bus】 他拼命地跑，为了赶上校车。 4. except for 【典句】Tilly's family went back to the hotel, except for her mother. 除了她妈妈，蒂莉的家人都回到了酒店。 【探究】except for 的用法可分为两种情况。首先，当表示“从整体中排除个别成员”时，它与 except 等效，常可互换。其次，当用于对前文陈述进行整体性的修正或补充细节时，则多用 except for。例如： ① All my classmates passed the exam ________ (________) Tom. 【答案：except; for】 除了汤姆，我所有的同学都通过了考试。 ② The room was very quiet ________ ________ the sound of the rain. 【答案：except; for】 房间里非常安静，除了雨声。 【知识重温】 • “except”意为“除……之外”，表示排除关系，即不包含其后所提及的对象。 • “besides”意为“除……之外（还）”，表示累加关系，即额外包含后面提到的对象，后面若跟动词，要用-ing 形式。 • 常见固定搭配有：have nothing to do but/except do sth 意为“无事可做，除了做……”，Nobody but/except sb 意为“只有某人……”。例如： ① ________ English, she also studies French. 【答案：Besides】 除了英语，她还学习了法语。（包含 English） ② She had nothing to do except ________ money. 【答案：spend】 她除了花钱便无所事事。 ③ Besides ________ football, he often goes swimming on weekends. 【答案：playing】 除了踢足球，他周末还经常去游泳。 ④ Nobody ________ ________ will help him out. 【答案：but; me】 只有你会去帮助他。 ⑤ Everyone was invited ________ me. 【答案：except】 除我以外，所有人都受到了邀请。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 Last Saturday, we were playing n________ a lake. 【答案：near; for; to save; to help; into; off; safety】 Suddenly, we heard a cry for help. We saw a child was trapped (困住) on a rock in the middle of the water. Except ________ a brave boy named Tom, everyone was too scared to move. Tom knew he had to act as quickly as he could ________ (save) the person. He didn't refuse ________ (help). He jumped ________ action right away and got the child ________ the dangerous rock in the water. Finally, they both made it to ________ (safe). We all thought Tom was a hero. 第五课时 (Section B 2a—Reflecting) 重点短语 1. 席卷村庄 ________ through the village 【答案：swept】 2. 需要更多人力 need more ________ 【答案：people】 3. 保护建筑物 ________ the buildings 【答案：protect】 4. 听那个男人的心跳 listen to the man's ________ 【答案：heartbeat】 5. 经历一场巨大的热浪 ________ a great heatwave 【答案：experience】 6. 自 1961 年以来 ________ 1961 【答案：since】 7. 袭击西南部城市 ________ the southwestern city 【答案：hit】 8. 远离危险区域 stay away ________ dangerous areas 【答案：from】 9. 扑救火灾 ________ the fires 【答案：put out】 10. 救援人员 the ________ workers 【答案：rescue】 11. 成功扑灭所有火灾 ________ to put ________ all the fires 【答案：manage; out】 12.（某天）开始得很糟糕 start ________ 【答案：badly】 13. 我的闹钟 my ________ clock 【答案：alarm】 14.（警报器等）突然发出巨响 ________ off 【答案：go】 15. 醒来 ________ up 【答案：wake】 16. 复习我的笔记 ________ my notes 【答案：review】 17. 突然；猛地 all of ________ ________ 【答案：a; sudden】 18.（雷声）滚过天空 roll ________ the sky 【答案：across】 19. 开始下倾盆大雨 start to ________ 【答案：pour】 20. 到……的时候 ________ the time 【答案：by】 21. 上气不接下气 out of ________ 【答案：breath】 22. 因为暴雨 because of the ________ 【答案：rainstorm】 23. 因此 as a ________ 【答案：result】 24. 导致交通严重堵塞 ________ heavy traffic 【答案：cause】 25. 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 go ________ 【答案：wrong】 26. 听到雷声 hear ________ 【答案：thunder】 27. 看到闪电 see ________ 【答案：lightning】 28. 划过天际、掠过天空 flash ________ the sky 【答案：across】 29. 全神贯注地看着某物；离某物很近 be glued ________ 【答案：to】 重点讲解 1. since 【探究】since 主要有两大核心用法，其含义、规则和时态搭配均有不同，具体对比如下： 含义 表示时间（自……以来） 表示原因（既然） 核心规则 引出一个过去的起点，主句动作从该点持续至今。 引出一个显而易见的、已知的原因，语气比 because 弱。 时态规则 主句：现在完成时 从句：一般过去时 无固定时态，根据实际逻辑和语境需要选择。 例句 I ________ ________ here since I ________ a child. 从我小时候起，我就一直住在这里。 【答案：have; lived; was】 Since you ________ busy, I will call you later. 既然你很忙，我晚点再打给你。 【答案：are】 2. volunteer 【探究】volunteer 既可作动词，表示“自愿提供（时间、服务）”；也可作可数名词，指“志愿者；自告奋勇者”。常见搭配如下： 词性 搭配用法 含义 v. volunteer one's time to do sth 自愿花时间去做某事 volunteer to do sth 自愿去做某事 volunteer at/in ... 在（某地）当志愿者 volunteer as (a teacher) 作（教师）志愿者 n. volunteer 志愿者；自告奋勇者 ① He volunteered three hours ________ ________ the elderly 【答案：to; help】 in the old people's home. 他自愿花三个小时去帮助养老院里的老人。 ② He volunteered ________ a teacher in the village. 【答案：as】 他在乡村当教师志愿者。 ③ He used to work as ________ ________. 【答案：a; volunteer】 他曾经当过志愿者。 ④ He volunteered ________ ________ up the park. 【答案：to; clean】 他自愿去打扫公园。 3. go off 【典句】First, my alarm clock didn't go off, so I woke up late and had to rush to the bus stop. 首先，我的闹钟没响，所以我醒晚了，只好匆忙赶往公交车站。 【探究】go off 含义比较丰富。请根据下列句子中“go off”的具体含义，选择最匹配的中文释义，并填写序号。 ①（警报器或闹钟）响起 ②（电器设备）停止运转 ③ 离开，出发 ④ 开火；爆炸 ________ As the water came in the windows, all the lights went off. 【答案：②】 ________ The train has already gone off and left the station. 【答案：③】 ________ Didn't you hear your alarm clock go off this morning? 【答案：①】 ________ The gun went off by accident. 【答案：④】 【知识重温】其他类似动词短语如下： • go with 搭配；相配 • turn off 关掉（水、电或煤气） • drop off（开车）把某人送到某处 ① Does this blue tie ________ ________ my shirt? 【答案：go; with】 这条蓝领带和我的衬衫相配吗？ ② Please ________ ________ the lights when you leave. 【答案：turn; off】 你离开时请关灯。 ③ My father will ________ me ________ at the school gate. 【答案：drop; off】 我爸爸会把我送到学校门口。 4. by the time 【典句】By the time the bus came, I was cold and wet. 等公交车到的时候，我已经浑身冰冷、衣服湿透了。 【探究】by the time 引导时间状语从句，意为“到……的时候”，后面接完整句子。例如： ① ________ ________ ________ you got to school, you were only five minutes late 【答案：By; the; time】 for class. 当你到学校时，你上课只迟到了五分钟。 ② By the time ________ ________ her homework, it was already dark outside. 【答案：she; finished】 她写完作业的时候，外面天都黑了。 ③ He had left by the time ________ ________ home. 【答案：we; got】 当我们到家的时候他已经走了。 【拓展】by the end of 意为“到……时为止，在……之前”，后接一个时间点（如：last month、the party），而不是完整的句子。例如： ① ________ ________ ________ ________ I ran to the school gate, the bus had already left. 【答案：By; the; time; I】 等我跑到学校门口的时候，公交车已经开走了。 ② ________ ________ ________ ________ the meeting, everyone was tired. 【答案：By; the; end; of】 到会议结束时，大家都累了。 5. 感叹句 【典句】What luck on my unlucky day! 在我这倒霉透顶的一天里，这可真是因祸得福啊！ 【探究】这是一个典型的感叹句，是高度简洁的口语化表达。其完整的语法结构可还原为“What luck (this is) on my unlucky day!”。感叹句句型探究如下： 句型 结构 What 引导感叹句 What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 +（主谓）+（其他）! What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数/不可数名词 +（主谓）+（其他）! How 引导感叹句 How + 形容词/副词 +（主谓）+（其他）! ① ________ an exciting movie (it is)! 【答案：What】 真是一部刺激的电影！ ② ________ good weather (it is)! 【答案：What】 天气真好！ ③ ________ beautiful flowers (they are)! 【答案：What】 这些花真美！ ④ ________ beautiful the flowers are! 【答案：How】 这些花真美！ 【拓展】当感叹句作为宾语从句时，需使用陈述语序： • how + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语 • what + 形容词 + 名词（词组）+ 主语 + 谓语 ① We all saw how happy ________ ________ when she got the gift. 【答案：she; was】 我们都看到了她收到礼物时是多么开心。 ② She told me what an interesting book ________ ________. 【答案：it; was】 她告诉我那是一本多么有趣的书。 ✎ 【即学即练】 根据所给提示和语境完成文段。 S________ it was the school sports day, I volunteered 【答案：Since; to help; off; sudden; woke; By the time; What; By the end of; went wrong】 ________ (help) at the starting line. I needed to be there early, so I set my alarm clock. However, in the morning, it didn't go ________! All of a ________ (suddenly), my mother w________ me up. I was shocked! ________（到……的时候）I arrived at the field, the first race was about to start. “________ a beautiful day for a sports meet!” my teacher said cheerfully. I quickly started my job. ________（在……结束时）the day, everything was perfect, and nothing ________（出错）. I felt very proud. 第 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $