Unit 3 Section A Grammar Focus 3a-3c（知识清单）英语新教材人教版八年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 3 Section A的核心语法知识。从必背词汇（如slim、population等）入手，逐步深入形容词副词原级比较、比较级用法及比较级最高级的规则与不规则变化，构建语法学习支架。 知识链路按词汇积累、语法规则讲解到应用练习的顺序展开，每个语法点附具体例句和即时练习。通过对比表格归纳比较级变化规则，培养学生逻辑思维，助力语言能力提升和知识灵活运用。

Unit 3 Same or Different ! Section A (Grammar Focus 3a-3c) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 ( 1 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 苗条的；薄的（形容词）：slim 2. 事实；现实（名词）： act 3. 人口（名词）：population 4. 平均的；平常的（形容词） n.平均数；平均水准（名词）：average 5. 降雨量（名词）： rainfall 6. 宜人的；友好的（形容词）：pleasant 1. 苗条的；薄的（形容词）： 2. 事实；现实（名词）： 3. 人口（名词）： 4. 平均的；平常的（形容词） n.平均数；平均水准（名词）： 5. 降雨量（名词）： 6. 宜人的；友好的（形容词）： ( 2 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、必会考点 1. The population of Chicago was larger than that of Guangzhou in 2022. 2022年，芝加哥的人口规模大于广州。 【知识点】 （1）population意为“人口，人口数量”， ①作主语时，谓语动词用单数。the population of ...is..... 意思为：....的人口数量是.... 例句：The population of India is 1.5 billion . 印度的人口有15亿 【注意】 基数词+ percent of the population are….“百分之几的人口...”,谓语动词用复数 例句：About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. ②形容人口的多和少的时候要用large/big或small。 例句：The population of India is larger than that of China.印度人口比中国人口要多。 ③询问某有多少人口数量时候的句型： What is the population of…?，不要用不how many /how much来询问 例句：What’s the population of Shandong? 山东人口有多少？ ④表示“某地有多少人口”用“…has a population of…”或“The population of…is…”。 例句：China has a population of 1.4 billion .中国人口有14亿 （2）比较级中that的用法 用法: 在比较级中代替前文提到的单数名词；如果代替前文的复数名词，则使用those. 原句：The weather in Shanghai is hotter than the weather in Beijing. 简化：The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.上海的天气比北京热。 The apples in this basket are bigger than those in that basket. 这个篮子里的苹果比那个篮子里的大。 2. 形容词和副词原级的用法 结构 例句 as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。 not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。 【即时练习】 1．—Lily, what do you think of Chengdu and Chongqing? —As a guide, I think Chengdu is ________ lively ________ Chongqing. I like both of them. A．less; than B．as; as C．more; than 【答案】B 2．Alice is as ________ as her sister. They both love reading. A．outgoing B．more outgoing C．most outgoing 【答案】A 3．The storybook is not ________ that one, but it’s much ________. A．as more interesting as; more expensive B．so interesting as; more expensive C．as interesting as; expensive D．more interesting as; expensive 【答案】B 4．I’m not good at running and I can’t run as ________ as my brother. A．fast B．faster C．slow D．slower 【答案】A 5．Mark doesn’t work hard enough this term, and he is afraid he won’t do ________ before in the coming test. A．as good as B．so good as C．worse than D．so well as 【答案】D 3. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 （1）形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 例句：He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。 （2）倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 例句：His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。 （3）the＋形容词的比较级＋of the two＋复数名词，“两者中较……的一个”， 例句：He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。 （4）“形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more＋多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”，“越来越……”， 例句：As summer is coming， the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。 （5）the＋形容词/副词的比较级，the＋形容词/副词的比较级，“越……，就越……”， 例句：The harder you work， the greater pr ogress you will make. 你工作越努力，取得的进步就越大。 （6）a/an＋形容词的比较级＋名词单数/代词one，“一个更……的”， 例句：The dress is a little big for me， so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大，所以我想换条小的。 （7）修饰比较级的词有much， even， far， a little， twice， many times， a bit， rather等， 例句：It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。 【即时练习】 1．The sun is ________ than the moon. A．bright B．brighter C．brightest D．the brightest 【答案】B 2．We will have ________ free time because we will have more work. A．more B．fewer C．less D．many 【答案】C 3．Because of high oil prices and improved technology, more and more people choose to buy electric cars. As a result, the air is getting ________. A．more and more cleaner B．enough clean C．cleaner and cleaner D．the cleanest 【答案】C 4．The ________ you read, the more you know about different cities. A．many B．much C．more D．most 【答案】C 5．Betty is ________ than any other student in her class. A．more kinder B．kind C．kinder D．the kindest 【答案】C 6．Helen draws much better than ________ boy in her class. A．any other B．the other C．any D．all the 【答案】C 7．Cheetahs run ________ than other land animals. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 【答案】B 8．The wind is blowing ________ and ________. A．hard; hard B．harder; harder C．more hard; more hard 【答案】B 9．The ________ you practice speaking English, the ________ you will learn it. A．more; better B．much; well C．most; best D．many; good 【答案】A 4. 形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer narrow narrower 5. 形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 good, well better bad, ill worse many, much许多的 more little less far farther距离远的 far further距离更远；程度更胜 old older/elder $Unit 3 Same or Different ! Section A (Grammar Focus 3a-3c) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 ( 1 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 苗条的；薄的（形容词）：slim 2. 事实；现实（名词）： act 3. 人口（名词）：population 4. 平均的；平常的（形容词） n.平均数；平均水准（名词）：average 5. 降雨量（名词）： rainfall 6. 宜人的；友好的（形容词）：pleasant 1. 苗条的；薄的（形容词）： 2. 事实；现实（名词）： 3. 人口（名词）： 4. 平均的；平常的（形容词） n.平均数；平均水准（名词）： 5. 降雨量（名词）： 6. 宜人的；友好的（形容词）： ( 2 / 11 )学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、必会考点 1. The population of Chicago was larger than that of Guangzhou in 2022. 2022年，芝加哥的人口规模大于广州。 【知识点】 （1）population意为“人口，人口数量”， ①作主语时，谓语动词用单数。the population of ...is..... 意思为：....的人口数量是.... 例句：The population of India is 1.5 billion . 印度的人口有15亿 【注意】 基数词+ percent of the population are….“百分之几的人口...”,谓语动词用复数 例句：About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. ②形容人口的多和少的时候要用large/big或small。 例句：The population of India is larger than that of China.印度人口比中国人口要多。 ③询问某有多少人口数量时候的句型： What is the population of…?，不要用不how many /how much来询问 例句：What’s the population of Shandong? 山东人口有多少？ ④表示“某地有多少人口”用“…has a population of…”或“The population of…is…”。 例句：China has a population of 1.4 billion .中国人口有14亿 （2）比较级中that的用法 用法: 在比较级中代替前文提到的单数名词；如果代替前文的复数名词，则使用those. 原句：The weather in Shanghai is hotter than the weather in Beijing. 简化：The weather in Shanghai is hotter than that in Beijing.上海的天气比北京热。 The apples in this basket are bigger than those in that basket. 这个篮子里的苹果比那个篮子里的大。 2. 形容词和副词原级的用法 结构 例句 as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as He runs as fast as Lucy. 他和露西跑得一样快。 not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as He doesn’t run as/so fast as Lucy. 他没有露西跑得快。 倍数＋as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as This room is twice as large as that one. 这间屋子是那间屋子的两倍大。 【即时练习】 1．—Lily, what do you think of Chengdu and Chongqing? —As a guide, I think Chengdu is ________ lively ________ Chongqing. I like both of them. A．less; than B．as; as C．more; than 2．Alice is as ________ as her sister. They both love reading. A．outgoing B．more outgoing C．most outgoing 3．The storybook is not ________ that one, but it’s much ________. A．as more interesting as; more expensive B．so interesting as; more expensive C．as interesting as; expensive D．more interesting as; expensive 4．I’m not good at running and I can’t run as ________ as my brother. A．fast B．faster C．slow D．slower 5．Mark doesn’t work hard enough this term, and he is afraid he won’t do ________ before in the coming test. A．as good as B．so good as C．worse than D．so well as 3. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 （1）形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 例句：He runs faster than Lucy. 他比露西跑得快。 （2）倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋than， 例句：His house is twice bigger than mine. 他家比我家大两倍。 （3）the＋形容词的比较级＋of the two＋复数名词，“两者中较……的一个”， 例句：He is the taller of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中个子较高的那个。 （4）“形容词/副词的比较级＋and＋形容词/副词的比较级”或“more and more＋多音节形容词原级/副词的原级”，“越来越……”， 例句：As summer is coming， the day is becoming longer and longer. 夏天到了，白天变得越来越长。 （5）the＋形容词/副词的比较级，the＋形容词/副词的比较级，“越……，就越……”， 例句：The harder you work， the greater pr ogress you will make. 你工作越努力，取得的进步就越大。 （6）a/an＋形容词的比较级＋名词单数/代词one，“一个更……的”， 例句：The dress is a little big for me， so I want to change it for a smaller one. 这条裙子对我来说有点儿大，所以我想换条小的。 （7）修饰比较级的词有much， even， far， a little， twice， many times， a bit， rather等， 例句：It’s even hotter today. 今天更热了。 【即时练习】 1．The sun is ________ than the moon. A．bright B．brighter C．brightest D．the brightest 2．We will have ________ free time because we will have more work. A．more B．fewer C．less D．many 3．Because of high oil prices and improved technology, more and more people choose to buy electric cars. As a result, the air is getting ________. A．more and more cleaner B．enough clean C．cleaner and cleaner D．the cleanest 4．The ________ you read, the more you know about different cities. A．many B．much C．more D．most 5．Betty is ________ than any other student in her class. A．more kinder B．kind C．kinder D．the kindest 6．Helen draws much better than ________ boy in her class. A．any other B．the other C．any D．all the 7．Cheetahs run ________ than other land animals. A．fast B．faster C．fastest D．the fastest 8．The wind is blowing ________ and ________. A．hard; hard B．harder; harder C．more hard; more hard 9．The ________ you practice speaking English, the ________ you will learn it. A．more; better B．much; well C．most; best D．many; good 4. 形容词比较级和最高级的规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer narrow narrower 5. 形容词比较级和最高级的不规则变化 原级 比较级 good, well better bad, ill worse many, much许多的 more little less far farther距离远的 far further距离更远；程度更胜 old older/elder $