Unit1-Unit8课文文本中英互译（备课包）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

2026秋人教版英语九上Unit 1-Unit 8课文文本中英互译(正式版) 含听力+课文+拓展阅读 说明:已根据2026年7月第1次印刷的纸质版教材校对 2026.9.1 Unit 1 The Changing World Section A, 1b Li Rui: Hello, George. George: Hi, Li Rui. Guess what! My father, Bob, and I are going to visit your hometown. Could you be our guide? Li Rui: Sure! I'd love to! George: Wonderful! You know, my father's last visit was about 20 years ago. He became a good friend of your grandfather. Li Rui: Grandpa will be so happy. They haven't seen each other for ages! George: Yes, and my father really wants to see how the place has changed since he last visited. 李瑞：你好，乔治。 乔治：嗨，李瑞。你猜怎么着！我爸爸鲍勃和我要去拜访你的家乡。你能当我们的向导吗？ 李瑞：当然！我很乐意！ 乔治：太棒了！你知道，我爸爸上次来大约是20年前。他成了你爷爷的好朋友。 李瑞：爷爷会很高兴的。他们好久没见面了！ 乔治：是的，而且我爸爸真的很想看看自从他上次来访以来，这个地方发生了怎样的变化。 Section A, 1c Li Rui: What do you think of your trip so far? Bob: Amazing! When I first visited here, it took half a day to reach the town. Now, with the new roads, it takes only an hour. Li Rui: Yes. When I was a child, the bus took nearly 40 minutes over rough roads to get to school. Now, it takes only 15 minutes. George: Life is much easier! Li Rui: Not only that. We used to have to travel far to see a doctor, but now our town has built a new hospital. Bob: Great! And didn't I see a supermarket down the street? Li Rui: Yes. We didn't have any such places for shopping until 10 years ago. Bob: But the biggest change is on the hills. They used to be covered with sand. Li Rui: And now they have been covered with beautiful trees! 李瑞：到目前为止你觉得这次旅行怎么样？ 鲍勃：太棒了！我第一次来这里时，到镇上要花半天时间。现在有了新路，只要一小时。 李瑞：是的。我小时候，公交车在坑洼路上开到学校要将近40分钟。现在只要15分钟。 乔治：生活轻松多了！ 李瑞：不止那样。我们以前得跑很远才能看病，现在镇里建了一座新医院。 鲍勃：真好！刚才我没是在街那头看到一家超市吗？ 李瑞：对。直到10年前我们才有了这种买东西的地方。 鲍勃：不过最大的变化在山丘上。它们以前满是沙子。 李瑞：现在它们已经长满了漂亮的树！ Section A, 2b and 2c Bob: I'm amazed by how green your hometown has become! Grandpa: Have you seen the corn fields outside of the town yet? Bob: Yeah! They're huge! Grandpa: There used to be sandstorms all the time, and the fields were getting smaller and smaller. Then, after one big sandstorm, we decided to do something. Bob: What did you do? Grandpa: We found a small bush. It had long roots that could hold the soil together. We began planting it in sandy areas. The government provided support too. Bob: Wasn't it difficult to plant so many bushes? Grandpa: Yes, it was. In the beginning, we worked by hand. Later, we had machines to help. We have planted many bushes and trees since then. There are fewer sandstorms now and the environment is getting better. It has also improved our lives. Everyone has become richer and happier. 鲍勃：我很惊讶你的家乡变得这么绿！ 爷爷：你看过镇子外面的玉米地了吗？ 鲍勃：看过！它们好大！ 爷爷：以前一直有沙尘暴，田地越来越小。后来，在一次大沙尘暴之后，我们决定做点什么。 鲍勃：你们做了什么？ 爷爷：我们找到一种小灌木。它有长根，能把土拢在一起。我们开始在沙地种它。政府也提供了支持。 鲍勃：种这么多灌木不难吗？ 爷爷：是的，难。一开始我们靠手干活。后来我们有机器帮忙。从那以后我们种了很多灌木和树。现在沙尘暴少了，环境变好了。这也改善了我们的生活。大家都变得更富裕、更开心了。 Section A 3a原文 P4 Reporter: How has life changed in your hometown over the last 20 years? Mr Yan: Oh, it has changed quite a lot! Many young people used to work in big cities. Now, more of them have come back to live and work here. Reporter: Great! Have there been any other changes? Ms Wu: Yes,we've changed the way we farm.I used to grow a few vegetables on a small farm to sell at the local market. Now, I have large, high-tech greenhouses. There, I grow tons of fruit and vegetables, and sell them in large cities. Reporter: Wow, the new highway and railway must have helped a lot! Mr Yan: Oh, they have! Our village has become a tourist attraction. We can now sell local products to tourists. We also sell products online to people all over China. Reporter: Have these changes greatly improved your lives? Ms Wu: Yes! We now have new houses. And our village has just built a new hospital and a library. Reporter: Wonderful! Together you are building a new socialist village. 翻译 记者：过去 20 年里，你们家乡的生活发生了怎样的变化？ 严先生：变化可大了！以前很多年轻人都去大城市打工，现在越来越多人回来生活、工作了。 记者：太棒了！还有其他变化吗？ 吴女士：有，我们的耕作方式变了。我以前在小农场种少量蔬菜，拿到当地集市卖。现在我有大型高科技温室，在里面种大量水果和蔬菜，卖到大城市去。 记者：哇，新建的公路和铁路肯定帮了大忙！ 严先生：没错！我们村成了旅游景点，现在能把土特产卖给游客，还能通过网络把产品卖到全国各地。 记者：这些变化极大地改善了你们的生活吗？ 吴女士：是的！我们住上了新房子，村里还新建了医院和图书馆。 记者：太好了！你们正在共同建设社会主义新农村。 Section B 1b原文 P6 On the Fast Track In 2017, the new 480-kilometre Mombasa-Nairobi railway was opened. Before then, the only transport links between Mombasa, Kenya's main port, and Nairobi, Kenya's capital, were rough roads and an old railway line completed in 1901. The old trains were very slow. It took 10 hours to get to Nairobi from Mombasa by train. However, the new railway, built with China's help, has already cut the travel time between Mombasa and Nairobi to about five to six hours for passengers. Now, more than two million people use it every year. Local Kenyans have benefited a lot from the new railway. A government worker said, "I'm very happy with the new railway built by our Chinese friends. Many changes have taken place in the town over the last few years, and the people who live here have become rich." A businessman said, "My experience of using the train since 2017 has been good. It is very convenient and doesn't cost much money. I am able to get to places on time and make business deals with ease." The railway has also made the transport of food easier. "It used to take hundreds of lorries to carry between the two cities, but now it takes only two or three trains" said a supermarket manager. As a result, people now have more fresh food to eat. Although China and Kenya are far away from each other, the railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world. 翻译 驶入快车道 2017年，新建的480公里蒙内铁路正式通车。在此之前，连接肯尼亚主要港口蒙巴萨和首都内罗毕的交通方式只有崎岖的公路和1901年竣工的老旧铁路。旧火车速度很慢，从蒙巴萨坐火车到内罗毕要10个小时。 然而，在中国帮助下修建的新铁路，将蒙巴萨与内罗毕之间的客运时间缩短至五到六小时。如今每年有超过200万人乘坐这条铁路。 肯尼亚当地民众从新铁路中获益良多。一位政府工作人员说：“我非常满意中国朋友修建的这条新铁路。过去几年小镇发生了很多变化，这里的人们富裕起来了。” 一位商人说：“2017 年以来我坐火车的体验一直很好，方便又便宜，我能准时到达各地，轻松谈成生意。” 这条铁路也让粮食运输更便捷。一位超市经理说：“过去往返两座城市运输食物需要几百辆卡车，现在只需要两三列火车。” 因此，人们现在能吃到更多新鲜食物。 虽然中国和肯尼亚相距遥远，但这条铁路展现了不同国家如何携手合作，共建更美好的世界。 Section B 3a原文 P9 Changes in My Life Now that I am older, my life is different from when I was in primary school. For example, my primary school was near my home, so I used to walk to school with my parents. Now my junior high school is farther from home. I take a bus every day with my friends. My home has changed too. My family used to live in a small flat, but now we have moved to a much larger one. My grandma lives with us now as well. She has her own room and her own TV set. I am glad that I get to see her every day. The way I study is also different. I have become more confident in my studies and often attend group discussions. I enjoy studying with my friends. It's amazing how much we have achieved together. My life has changed in many ways, but one thing has stayed the same: the feeling of love and happiness shared by my family. 翻译 我生活的变化 现在我长大了，生活和小学时不一样了。比如，我小学离家很近，以前常和父母步行上学。现在初中离家更远，我每天和朋友坐公交车上学。 我的家也变了。我们家以前住小公寓，现在搬到了大得多的房子里。奶奶也和我们一起住，她有自己的房间和电视机。我很高兴每天都能见到她。 我的学习方式也不一样了。我在学习上更自信了，经常参加小组讨论。我喜欢和朋友们一起学习，我们一起取得的进步真让人惊喜。 我的生活在很多方面都变了，但有一样始终没变：家人之间的爱与幸福。 Reading Plus Love My Hometown, Build My Hometown With a deep love for their hometown, people of different ages and professions are contributing to its development and growing along with it. Today, let us explore three such stories. The watermelon farmer Liu Guanghui is an agricultural technology expert in watermelon farming. Although he is more than 70 years old, he still spends most of his days working in the sun on the farmland. He wears a wide hat, and his skin is brown from the sun. He loves farming and has spent his life researching ways to improve it. On his days off, Guanghui provides local farmers with technical training and guidance for free. With joint efforts of the government, farmers, and experts like him, the farming economy in the province has grown by more than one billion yuan over the years. The flower live-streamer Jiang Hui's friends and fellow villagers call her the "flower girl". When she was young, Hui often visited her aunt's flower field after school, where she learnt how to grow flowers. She also showed great talent in putting different flowers together beautifully. After graduating from university, Hui decided to return to her hometown and start her own flower business. To promote sales, she started to sell her flowers online. It was hard at first, but she didn't give up. She always patiently explained and offered practical advice to customers. Gradually, her online shop became more popular. She also helped other villagers and taught them how to sell agricultural products online. "Many people now know about the agricultural products from our town," Hui said with a big smile. "This makes all the hard work worthwhile!" The village teacher When Yuan Bailing was a little girl, it took her almost an hour to get to school each day, but she loved school so much that she never missed it. As she grew up, she witnessed how her village changed greatly over the years. Better roads and bridges have been built. Now it takes only ten minutes for children to get to school. As the first person from her village to graduate from university, Bailing decided to return to her hometown to become a teacher. She wanted to help more children get a good education and be part of her hometown's growth and development. Though the area still needs further development, through the courage and hard work of its people—like Bailing—it has a bright future ahead. 爱家乡，建家乡 怀着对家乡的深爱，不同年龄段、不同职业的人正为家乡发展出力，并随家乡一同成长。今天，让我们走近三个这样的故事。 西瓜农人 刘广辉是西瓜种植方面的农业技术专家。尽管已七十多岁，他仍把大半日子花在烈日下的田里干活。他戴一顶宽檐帽，皮肤被太阳晒成棕色。他热爱农耕，一辈子钻研改良种地的方法。休息日里，广辉免费给当地农民做技术培训和指导。靠政府、农民和他这样的专家合力，这些年来全省农业经济增长了十多亿元。 鲜花主播 江慧的朋友和同村人叫她“花姑娘”。小时候，慧放学常去姨妈的花田，在那儿学会养花。她还显露出把不同花搭配得好看的天赋。大学毕业后，慧决定回老家开自己的花店。为促销售，她开始网上卖花。起初很难，但她没放弃。她总耐心给顾客讲解、给实用建议。渐渐，她网店更火了。她也帮其他村民，教他们怎么在网上卖农产品。“现在很多人知道咱镇上的农产品了，”慧咧嘴笑说，“这让所有辛苦都值了！” 山村教师 袁白玲小时候，每天上学差不多要一小时，但她太爱上学，从来没缺过课。长大过程中，她亲眼见村子这些年变化多大。路和桥都修好了。现在孩子上学只要十分钟。作为村里头一个大学毕业的人，白玲决定回老家当老师。她想帮更多孩子受好教育，也参与家乡的成长和发展。虽说这地方还需进一步建设，但靠乡亲们——像白玲这样——的勇气和苦干，前头是个光明未来。 Unit 2 Inspiring People Unit 2 Inspiring People Section A, 1b and 1c Conversation 1 Ms Gao: Class, who do you admire the most? Yes, Yaming? Yaming: I really admire Yuan Longping. It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. Ms Gao: That's great! Yuan Longping also trained many people to do research on farming in China and other parts of the world. Who else inspires you? Yes, Peter? Peter: I admire Michael Faraday very much. It was amazing that he did scientific research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education. Ms Gao: Yes, Michael Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist. Thanks! 高老师：同学们，你们最钦佩谁？嗯，亚明？ 亚明：我真的很钦佩袁隆平。他开发出一种新的水稻并帮助减少饥饿，这太了不起了。 高老师：那很好！袁隆平还在中国和世界其他地区培养了许多人从事农业研究。还有谁激励了你？嗯，彼得？ 彼得：我非常钦佩迈克尔·法拉第。尽管他没有接受过正规教育，却能在物理和化学方面做科学研究，这令人惊叹。 高老师：是的，迈克尔·法拉第很早就辍学了，但他抓住一切机会学习，成了一位伟大的科学家。谢谢！ Conversation 2 Ms Gao: Who do your parents or grandparents admire? Do you know, Fu Xing? Fu Xing: Yes, Ms Gao. My father loves history. He admires Sima Qian. Ms Gao: Ah yes, the writer of the book Shiji (Records of the Grand Historian). He also played a big part in reviewing the Chinese calendar at that time. Fu Xing: Oh, I didn't know that. But I know he was the kind of person who never gave up. Ms Gao: Right. It's always important to keep going in life. What about you, Emma? Emma: My grandma told me about Marie Curie, a great scientist. She made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry. Ms Gao: Yes. I admire Madame Curie too! It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days. And she won two Nobel Prizes! 高老师：你的父母或爷爷奶奶钦佩谁？你知道吗，付星？ 付星：知道，高老师。我爸爸喜欢历史。他钦佩司马迁。 高老师：啊对，《史记》（太史公书）的作者。他在当时修订中国历法方面也起了很大作用。 付星：哦，我这不知道。但我知道他是那种永不放弃的人。 高老师：对。人生中坚持走下去总是重要的。你呢，艾玛？ 艾玛：我奶奶跟我讲过玛丽·居里，一位伟大的科学家。她在物理和化学方面有许多重要发现。 高老师：是的。我也钦佩居里夫人！那时候女人做那种工作很难。而且她得了两次诺贝尔奖！ Section A, 2b and 2c Gina: Dad, do you have a second? We need to do a survey of our family members about their most admired people. Can you help me, please? Dad: Sure. Go ahead. Gina: OK, Dad. Who do you admire the most? Dad: For me, it has to be Isambard Brunel, a famous English engineer. He built the first British railways and many other important things, such as bridges, ships, and tunnels. All these helped the UK develop into a modern nation. Gina: Oh, I see. How about you, Mum? Mum: Well, I am really inspired by Florence Nightingale. She created modern nursing. It was wonderful of her to help us understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases. Gina: That's nice. What about you, Steve? Steve: Isaac Newton, of course. It was so important that he developed physics! I also admire Alan Turing. You know the famous Turing test? It's so cool! Gina: Yes, I agree. He was a pioneer of computer science. Thanks, Steve. 吉娜：爸爸，你有空吗？我们需要做一个关于家庭成员最钦佩的人的调查。你能帮我吗？ 爸爸：当然。说吧。 吉娜：好，爸爸。你最钦佩谁？ 爸爸：对我来说，一定是伊桑巴德·布鲁内尔，一位著名的英国工程师。他修建了英国第一条铁路和许多其他重要事物，比如桥梁、轮船和隧道。所有这些帮助英国发展成一个现代国家。 吉娜：哦，我明白了。你呢，妈妈？ 妈妈：嗯，我真的受弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔鼓舞。她创立了现代护理。她帮助我们理解需要更干净的医院来阻止疾病传播，这太好了。 吉娜：那不错。你呢，史蒂夫？ 史蒂夫：当然是艾萨克·牛顿。他发展出物理学，这太重要了！我也钦佩艾伦·图灵。你知道著名的图灵测试吧？太酷了！ 吉娜：是的，我同意。他是计算机科学的先驱。谢谢，史蒂夫。 Section A 3a原文 P14 Adam: Hi, everyone. Who is the person you admire the most? Yaming: My favourite person is I.M. Pei. Adam: Did he design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum? Yaming: Yes. It was very creative of him to design it. The Suzhou Museum is also one of his amazing designs. He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. Adam: Wow, you really know a lot about him! Yaming: I read books and reports about him. I want to be a creative person like him. Adam: What about you, Chen Jie? Who inspires you? Chen Jie: Wang Yaping, of course, China's first woman to walk in space. She is full of courage and wisdom. She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. What about you, Adam? Who do you look up to? Adam: Me? My biggest inspiration is not a famous person. It's my father. It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. 翻译 亚当：大家好，你们最敬佩的人是谁？ 亚明：我最敬佩的人是贝聿铭。 亚当：卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔是他设计的吗？ 亚明：是的，他的设计极具创意。苏州博物馆也是他的经典作品之一。他在东西方之间营造了美妙的平衡。 亚当：哇，你对他了解真多！ 亚明：我读了关于他的书籍和报道。我想成为像他一样有创造力的人。 亚当：陈洁，你呢？谁激励着你？ 陈洁：当然是王亚平，中国首位太空行走的女航天员。她充满勇气与智慧，还是第一位在太空授课的女教师。亚当，你呢？你敬佩谁？ 亚当：我？我最敬佩的不是名人，是我爸爸。他非常支持和鼓励我来这里做交换生，人特别好。 Section B 1b原文 P16 The Inspiring Seed Scientist On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China's seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love for and curiosity about the things he studied. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants. The research and study of plants, especially the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from over 1,000 plants. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, "My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now." 翻译 令人敬佩的种子科学家 2017年9月25日，中国教授钟扬因车祸离世的消息震惊了科学界。这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生致力于植物与种子研究。多年来，他为中国的种子库收集了大量重要种子。这些种子库保护各类植物种子，包括粮食作物种子，确保重要植物不会从地球上永久消失。 钟扬生于1964年，年少时就对所学事物怀有深厚热爱与好奇心。他成绩优异，15岁就考入大学，大学期间学习无线电工程，后来对植物产生兴趣。成为复旦大学教授后，植物尤其是种子的研究成为他一生的重心。 种子库需要收录多种多样的种子，这一点至关重要。钟扬发现西藏地区的种子研究不足时，亲自前往西藏收集种子。2001年，他开始走遍西藏。克服严寒与高海拔的困难对他来说异常艰辛，他有时会生病，但始终坚持工作。 钟扬明白，重要的工作需要更多人参与。他发起项目，发掘并培养当地学生从事野外研究，成为科研工作者。他和团队一共收集了超过1000种植物的4000多万粒种子，他们的努力为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的全新资料。 钟扬留下的不只是海量种子收藏，他对工作与研究的热爱在学生身上延续。他曾说：“我的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上，我们收集的种子或许在数百年后会生根发芽。” Section B 3a原文 P19 To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi (about 468-376 BCE). It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker. Mozi lived during the Warring States Period. Back then, many kingdoms were fighting against each other. In these wars, the common people were always hurt. To Mozi, this had to stop, so he spent his life trying to bring peace. His idea of love was one reason that Mozi wanted peace. It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else, whether they were family, friends, or strangers. He also believed states should avoid attacking one another. Though Mozi lived more than 2,000 years ago, his ideas live on. I think he is still a great inspiration to many people. Now, more than ever, people around the world need to hear the message of peace and love, and work together to build a community of a shared future for mankind. 翻译 对我而言，中国历史上最鼓舞人心的人物之一是墨子（约公元前468 -前376年）。据说墨子曾是武士，擅长木工，还是风筝的发明者。但事实上，他首先是一位伟大的思想家。 墨子生活在战国时期，当时各国战乱不休，百姓总是深受其害。在墨子看来，这一切必须停止，因此他毕生致力于追求和平。 兼爱的思想是墨子倡导和平的原因之一。他认为，每个人都应平等地关爱他人，无论对方是家人、朋友还是陌生人，这一点至关重要。他还主张各国不应互相攻伐。 尽管墨子生活在两千多年前，但他的思想流传至今。我认为他依然激励着许多人。如今，全世界人民比以往任何时候都更需要聆听和平与兼爱的理念，携手共建人类命运共同体。 Reading Plus Edward Jenner and the Battle Against Smallpox Smallpox used to be one of the worst global diseases. It killed millions of people in history. However, we do not hear much about it any more. Why? Because it is no longer around in nature. This happened mainly because of the work of Edward Jenner (1749–1823), an English doctor and scientist. Jenner did not have an easy childhood. His parents died when he was young, and his elder brother raised him. It was difficult for him to do well in school, but he had a passion for nature. At 13, he became an apprentice to a doctor for eight years. It was hard for doctors to be well-respected at that time because modern medicine had not fully developed. When Jenner was 21, he studied at a hospital in London. After he finished his studies, Jenner went back to his home in the countryside because he liked it more. There, he became a family doctor and people started to hear about his good work. In his free time, he continued to do research and study nature. It was while working as a doctor that Jenner discovered that milkmaids—women who milk cows—rarely got smallpox. They often got cowpox, a disease like smallpox, but these milkmaids did not get very sick and they did not die. He wondered: Do milkmaids get protected from smallpox just because they often get cowpox? To test this, Jenner came up with the idea of first giving some people cowpox, then giving them smallpox. These people did not get the smallpox! After many other tests, he realized that cowpox could actually be used to protect people from getting smallpox. Jenner invented a new word to describe what he had created: “vaccine”. The word comes from the Latin word for “cow”. It is wonderful that, because of Jenner’s work, smallpox is not around any more and people no longer die from it. His pioneering research has been used to create vaccines for other diseases. 爱德华·詹纳与抗击天花之战 天花曾是全球最严重的疾病之一。历史上它夺走数百万人生命。然而，现在我们很少再听到它了。为什么？因为自然界里它已经不在了。这主要归功于英国医生兼科学家爱德华·詹纳（1749–1823）的工作。 詹纳童年并不顺。父母早逝，由哥哥抚养。他在学校很难拔尖，但热爱自然。13岁起，他给一位医生当学徒，历时八年。那时现代医学还没完全发展起来，医生很难受尊重。 詹纳21岁时在伦敦一家医院求学。学业结束后，他更喜欢乡下，便回家乡。在那儿他成了家庭医生，人们开始听说他医术好。空闲时他继续做研究、观察自然。 就在当医生时，詹纳发现挤奶女工——给牛挤奶的女人——极少得天花。她们常得牛痘，一种像天花的病，但这些女工不怎么重，也不死。他琢磨：挤奶女工不得天花，是不是就因为常得牛痘？ 为验证这点，詹纳想出办法：先给人染牛痘，再给人染天花。这些人没得天花！经过多次其他试验，他意识到牛痘真能用来防人得天花。 詹纳造了个新词形容自己的发明：“vaccine（疫苗）”。这词来自拉丁语“牛”。因詹纳的工作，天花不复存在、没人再死于此病，这太好了。他的开创性研究已被用来研制其他疾病的疫苗。 Unit 3 Smart Learning Section A, 1b and 1c Conversation 1 Lisa: Teng Fei, you always do well in maths. How do you study for it? Teng Fei: For me, I think the best way is to do maths problems. I found a learning app for that. Let me show you. Lisa: Cool! How does it work? Teng Fei: You begin by taking a test. It will find your weak points. Then it gives exercises to work on them. Lisa: Oh, good. That's smart. Teng Fei: Exactly! 莉萨：腾飞，你数学总是学得好。你是怎么学的？ 腾飞：对我来说，我觉得最好的办法是做数学题。我为此找了一个学习软件。我给你看看。 莉萨：酷！它怎么用？ 腾飞：你先做个测试。它会找出你的薄弱点。然后它给练习来攻克这些点。 莉萨：哦，好。那很聪明。 腾飞：没错！ Conversation 2 Adam: Hi, Fu Xing. I wonder if you could help me with my history study. You always get good marks in history. How do you do it? Fu Xing: Sure, Adam. I study by taking notes a lot. Adam: What do you mean by that? Fu Xing: Well, for historical events, I usually make a timeline and test myself on the key points. I like using mind maps. I think they can help me better understand historical events. Adam: Sounds interesting. Thanks! 亚当：嗨，付星。我想知道你能不能帮我学历史。你历史总是拿高分。你怎么学的？ 付星：当然，亚当。我学习主要靠多记笔记。 亚当：你这话什么意思？ 付星：嗯，对历史事件，我通常画一条时间线，并就关键点考自己。我喜欢用思维导图。我觉得它们能帮我更好地理解历史事件。 亚当：听起来有意思。谢谢！ Conversation 3 Ella: What is your secret to learning physics well, Peter? Peter: Well, Ella, I like doing hands-on experiments. Ella: How does that help? Peter: You know, everything in physics connects with something in real life. By doing hands-on experiments, I can see that connection. Ella: Wow, I see! Many famous physicists also started doing experiments when they were young. Peter: Exactly! 埃拉：彼得，你学好物理的秘诀是什么？ 彼得：嗯，埃拉，我喜欢做动手实验。 埃拉：那有什么用？ 彼得：你知道，物理里的一切都和现实生活中的某种东西相连。通过做动手实验，我能看到那种联系。 埃拉：哇，我懂了！许多著名物理学家小时候也开始做实验。 彼得：正是！ Section A, 2b and 2c Mr Smith: Welcome to the English club! Today's question is: What are some good ways to learn English? Fu Xing: I like to learn new words by using flashcards. Mr Smith: Yes, flashcards are easy to carry around and let you review the words. Teng Fei: It's also good to note down useful expressions and word groups. Mr Smith: Right. It's helpful to put words into meaningful groups. I also want to know whether you read English books outside class. Yaming: Yes. I like reading a lot, both in English and Chinese. Mr Smith: Good. I believe reading is important for learning in general. Meimei: I like reading too. But I can't read very fast. Fu Xing: I guess maybe you need to read books that suit your English level. Mr Smith: Yes, choose something interesting and easy to read. Read something every day and read widely. The more you read, the faster and better you'll become. Any other ideas? 史密斯先生：欢迎来到英语俱乐部！今天的问题是：学英语有哪些好方法？ 付星：我喜欢用单词卡来学新词。 史密斯先生：对，单词卡方便随身带，还能让你复习那些词。 腾飞：把有用的表达和词组记下来也不错。 史密斯先生：对。把词放进有意义的组里很有帮助。我还想知道你们课下读不读英语书。 亚明：读。我很喜欢阅读，英语和中文都读。 史密斯先生：好。我相信阅读对学习总体来说很重要。 梅梅：我也喜欢阅读。但我读得不快。 付星：我猜也许你需要读适合你英语水平的书。 史密斯先生：对，选有趣又容易读的东西。每天读点，广泛地读。你读得越多，就会越快越好。还有其他想法吗？ Section A 3a原文 P22 Ella: Hi, this is Ella's podcast. Today's guest is Binbin. He's going to give us some ideas for learning English. Binbin: Hi, Ella. Thanks for having me! For learning English, I think first you need to become an active learner. Ella: What do you mean by that? Binbin: Well, because I want to speak English well, I practise English all the time. Ella: Oh, you must spend a lot of time studying! Binbin: Well, it doesn't mean you have to study all the time.You need to spend time using the language.For example,I speak English with friends. I repeat the dialogues from the films I like. I read English books, and sometimes I write my diary in English. Ella: Wow! I guess you really enjoy learning. Binbin: Yes, it's true! But you see, I started out at zero and came across problems. I mean you just have to take things step by step. Start simple and build up. Ella: That's so true. 翻译 埃拉：大家好，这里是埃拉的播客。今天的嘉宾是彬彬，他将为我们分享学习英语的方法。 彬彬：埃拉你好，谢谢邀请！我认为学英语首先要做主动学习者。 埃拉：你是什么意思？ 彬彬：因为我想说好英语，所以我一直练习英语。 埃拉：哦，你肯定花了很多时间学习！ 彬彬：这并不意味着要一直埋头学，而是要花时间运用这门语言。比如，我和朋友用英语交流，模仿喜欢的电影里的对话，读英语书，有时还用英语写日记。 埃拉：哇！我猜你真的很享受学习。 彬彬：没错！但你知道，我也是从零开始，也遇到过困难。我的意思是，要一步一步来，从简单的开始，循序渐进。 埃拉：太对了。 Section B 1b原文 P26 How to Become a Successful Learner Everyone has the ability to learn. Experts on the science of learning will tell you that anyone can become a successful learner. However, many students do not realize this, and they have trouble learning. Studies show that the first key to becoming a successful learner is to have a growth mindset. This means, in part, believing in yourself. It also means setting goals, taking action, and meeting challenges. People with a growth mindset see mistakes as chances for learning, as they teach us how to improve. Research also shows that practice is important for learning. The more we practise, the better we learn. We learn best by practising new and difficult things. Sometimes it is also important to get guidance from a teacher or a coach. They can show us the right way to practise and give us important feedback and advice. In addition, studies show that students learn more when they hang out with other students who are serious about study. First, by being together, students can easily learn from each other. Second, students are challenged to do better by each other. This has been proven to encourage learner growth. Successful learners also use the best learning materials they can find. In the 21st century, this means using new technology and resources, not just textbooks. Since there are so many learning materials on the internet, it is important to think carefully and choose wisely what and how you study. Take advantage of the best tools and resources to learn wisely and efficiently. Finally, successful learners see learning as part of daily life. It is something they will do even after they leave school, even when they are old. As you continue on your learning journey, you should try to walk at your own speed and enjoy the trip. Never lose heart. The road ahead of you may be long and may have many mountains and valleys, but it also has great treasure. You will find more joy in living a life with learning! 翻译 如何成为成功的学习者 每个人都有学习的能力。学习科学专家会告诉你，任何人都能成为成功的学习者。然而很多学生没有意识到这一点，在学习中遇到困难。 研究表明，成为成功学习者的首要关键是拥有成长型心态。这在一定程度上意味着相信自己，也意味着设定目标、付诸行动、迎接挑战。拥有成长型心态的人把错误当作学习的机会，因为错误能教会我们如何进步。 研究还表明，练习对学习很重要。练习得越多，学得越好。练习新的、有难度的内容效果最佳。有时接受老师或教练的指导也很重要，他们能教给我们正确的练习方法，给出重要的反馈和建议。 此外，研究显示，和认真学习的同学在一起，学生能学到更多。首先，在一起时同学们很容易互相学习；其次，同学们会互相激励，追求更好。这已被证实能促进学习者成长。 成功的学习者还会善用能找到的最佳学习资料。在21世纪，这意味着使用新技术和新资源，而不只是课本。网上的学习资料繁多，因此要认真思考，明智选择学习内容和方式。利用最好的工具和资源，智慧高效地学习。 最后，成功的学习者把学习当作日常生活的一部分，即使毕业、变老也会坚持学习。在学习的旅程中，你应该按照自己的节奏前行，享受过程。不要灰心，前方的路或许漫长，布满坎坷，但也藏着巨大的宝藏。在充满学习的生活中，你会收获更多快乐！ Section B 3a原文 P29 My love of books comes from my mother. Because of her, our home is full of books on different subjects. When I was a child, my mother used to sit me on her knee, tell me stories, and teach me how to read. Soon, I was reading by myself. Over time, I found children's books no longer kept me interested. So I started reading other books, newspapers, and magazines. I especially enjoyed popular science books and books about the lives of famous people. After dinner, I would just pick out a book from the shelf to read in my room. Reading opened up new worlds and allowed me to discover new things for myself. In general, I prefer print books, but sometimes I read e-books. I think that reading is great fun. Now that I am older, I can always find time to read in the school library. I believe that reading has helped me a lot with my schoolwork and made me more confident about my future. Chen Lei, age 15 翻译 我对书籍的热爱源于我的母亲。因为她的缘故，我们家里充满了关于不同学科的书籍。 当我还是个孩子的时候，我母亲常常让我坐在她的膝盖上，给我讲故事，并教我如何阅读。不久，我就能自己读书了。随着时间推移，我发现儿童书籍不再让我感兴趣。于是我开始读其他书、报纸和杂志。我特别喜欢科普书籍和关于名人生活的书。晚饭后，我就会从书架上挑出一本书在房间里读。阅读为我打开了新世界，并让我自己去发现新事物。总的来说，我更喜欢纸质书，但有时我也读电子书。我认为阅读是非常有趣的。 现在我长大了，我总能在学校图书馆找到时间读书。我相信阅读在我的课业上帮了我很大忙，并让我对未来更有信心。 陈磊，15岁 Reading Plus The Problem of Procrastination Cathy knew that she had an essay due on Monday. However, instead of beginning work on it today, she waited until the last minute and started on Sunday night. Of course, it was impossible to do a good job writing an essay in one night, so she got a bad grade. She then kicked herself for not starting earlier and promised to do better next time, but she didn't. Does Cathy's story sound familiar? Like Cathy, many of us procrastinate—we put off doing something important until the last moment. But why do we do this? Some research shows that we procrastinate because of negative feelings, such as fear or worry. We are afraid of doing a poor job or getting bad grades. We think that we might fail. We put off doing the work in order to avoid having these bad feelings. Sadly, we are more likely to fail or do poorly when we procrastinate. This creates even more negative feelings and makes it more likely that we will procrastinate the next time. The long-term solution to this problem is to deal with our negative feelings. We need to forgive ourselves for failing. We need to accept that sometimes we will not meet the goal. We also need to realize that difficult work isn't always a bad thing. It is through difficulty that we learn and grow. So what can we do? Here are some tips. First, realize that once we face our fears and get started, our fears often go away, and we start to enjoy the work. Second, break large projects into small parts, each with their own smaller deadline. Take each thing step by step. Third, reward yourself for getting a step done. Relax or do something fun, then get back to work. Finally, remove temptation. This means if you watch TV to put off work, then work at the library. If you chat with friends to put off work, then work alone and turn off your phone. Find a place to work that does not have such distractions. In the end, it is up to you and the actions you take to overcome procrastination. So what are you waiting for? 拖延的问题 凯茜知道周一要交一篇作文。可是，她没在今天动手，而是拖到最后一刻，周日晚才开始。当然，一夜写出好作文不可能，所以她拿了低分。她接着埋怨自己没早点开始，答应下次做好些，可没做到。 凯茜的事听着耳熟吗？像凯茜一样，我们很多人拖延——把重要的事拖到最后一刻。可为什么这样？有些研究显示，我们拖延是因为负面情绪，比如害怕或担心。怕做得差、拿低分。觉得可能会失败。为了躲开这些坏感觉，就把活儿往后推。可惜，拖延时我们更容易失败或做砸。这制造更多负面情绪，让下次更可能再拖延。 这个问题的长远解决办法是处理负面情绪。失败要原谅自己。得接受有时达不成目标。还得明白，难的事不总坏事。正是通过困难我们才学且长进。 那怎么办？几条建议。第一，意识到一旦面对恐惧、动起手来，恐惧常会消失，我们开始享受工作。第二，大项目拆小块，每块有自己的小截止期。一步一步来。第三，完成一步奖励自己。放松或玩会儿，再回来干。最后，去掉诱惑。意思是，如果你看电视拖工作，就去图书馆做；如果你聊天拖工作，就独自做、关手机。找个没这种干扰的地方工作。 归根到底，克服拖延靠你自己和你采取的行动。那你还等什么？ Unit 4 Our Memory Section A, 1b and 1c Conversation 1 Peter: Hi, Mum. Mum: Hi, Peter. What's up? Peter: I can't remember what things you asked me to buy. Mum: OK, so tell me what you've got so far. Peter: Let me see ... butter, milk, eggs, flour, ... Mum: Flour? That's not what I asked you to buy. Peter: Oh, OK. I'll put it back. Mum: Did you buy any sugar? It's running out. Peter: Right! I wonder how I forgot about the sugar. Mum: And don't forget to buy strawberries. I'm going to make a strawberry cake, remember? Peter: Oh, yeah! Anything else, Mum? Mum: One more thing, darling. Next time, take a shopping list! 彼得：嗨，妈妈。 妈妈：嗨，彼得。怎么了？ 彼得：我想不起来你让我买什么了。 妈妈：行，那跟我说说你现在买到哪些了。 彼得：我看看……黄油、牛奶、鸡蛋、面粉…… 妈妈：面粉？那不是我让你买的。 彼得：哦，好。我把它放回去。 妈妈：你买糖了吗？快没了。 彼得：对！我都奇怪自己怎么把糖忘了。 妈妈：还有别忘买草莓。我打算做草莓蛋糕，记得吗？ 彼得：哦，对！还有别的吗，妈？ 妈妈：还有一样，亲爱的。下次拿张购物清单！ Section A, 1d and 1e Conversation 2 Billy: Morning, Fu Xing. Sorry I forgot your birthday yesterday. Fu Xing: Oh, that's OK, Billy. But you're forgetting quite a lot recently. Is everything OK? Billy: Yes, fine, thanks. I don't know why I am so forgetful. Fu Xing: Maybe you're too busy. Can I help you with anything? Billy: Thanks. You are a good friend ... Oh, no! I left my homework at home! I need to go back! Fu Xing: Go! I'll meet you at the school hall then. Billy: Right, Professor Green's lecture on how to improve your memory. Fu Xing: You'd better hurry up. It will begin at 9:00. Billy: Oh, no. I thought it was 9:30! Fu Xing: Oh, Billy, you really should go to that lecture on time! 比利：早上好，付星。抱歉昨天忘了你生日。 付星：哦，没事，比利。不过你最近忘事挺多的。都还好吗？ 比利：嗯，挺好，谢谢。不知道为啥我这么健忘。 付星：可能你太忙了。有什么要我帮忙的吗？ 比利：谢了。你是个好朋友……啊，糟了！我把作业落家里了！得回去！ 付星：快去！那我在学校礼堂见你。 比利：对，格林教授讲怎么提高记忆力的讲座。 付星：你最好快点。9点就开始。 比利：啊，不会吧。我以为9点半呢！ 付星：哎呀比利，你真该准时去听那个讲座！ Section A, 2b and 2c Billy: Professor, I don't quite understand what you said about linking knowledge. Professor: Well, knowledge is like a chain, and new knowledge is best remembered by linking it with old knowledge. The more links you create, the more you remember. Fu Xing: Professor, I often get some words mixed up, like "kitchen" and "chicken". Professor: Pay attention to details. Study how they are different from each other. You can also create a picture for each word in your mind. Peter: Hello, Professor, could you tell me why it is much easier to forget things to buy than to forget how to ride a bike? Professor: Scientists are still working on this mystery. For one thing, the memory of how to ride a bike is probably stored in a more stable area of our brain. Peter: There are so many mysteries about our brain! Professor: Exactly! And at your age, your brain is developing fast, so put it to good use! 比利：教授，您刚才讲的关于知识串联（关联知识）的内容，我不太明白。 教授：嗯，知识就像一条链子，把新知识和旧知识连起来，最容易记住。你建的“链接”越多，记住的就越多。 付星：教授，我老把一些词搞混，比如“kitchen（厨房）”和“chicken（鸡）”。 教授：注意细节。研究它们彼此哪里不一样。你也可以在脑子里给每个词画一幅图。 彼得：您好，教授，能告诉我为什么要买的东西比怎么骑自行车更容易忘吗？ 教授：科学家还在研究这个谜。一方面，怎么骑自行车的记忆大概存在大脑里更稳定的区域。 彼得：关于咱们大脑的谜可真多！ 教授：没错！而且在你们这个年纪，大脑发育很快，所以要好好用它！ Section A 3a原文 P34 Chen Jie: Why do you look worried, Rick? Rick: Yesterday I visited my grandma, but she kept calling me Johnny. Chen Jie: Who's Johnny? Rick: My dad! Chen Jie: Oh, dear! Rick: And then she told me not to eat the cookies because she was saving them for her grandson. Chen Jie: Who's that? Rick: Me! Chen Jie: Well, that's not a good sign. Rick: No. My parents are taking her to hospital tomorrow. Chen Jie: Good. Follow what the doctor says. She may need special care. Rick: Yeah. I just feel so sad. I don't understand what she's going through. Chen Jie: Well, you know how some people's memory gets worse as they get older. It happened to my grandpa too. Rick: Oh, no. What happened? Chen Jie: We used to fly kites in the park. But now he forgets how to reach the park. So, I walk him there every weekend. Rick: That's sweet! Chen Jie: Thanks. Instead of what he forgets, I keep in mind what he remembers. In your case, your grandma still remembers that you love cookies! Rick: You're right! Thanks, Chen Jie! 翻译 陈洁：里克，你怎么看起来忧心忡忡？ 里克：昨天我去看奶奶，她一直叫我约翰尼。 陈洁：约翰尼是谁？ 里克：我爸爸！ 陈洁：天哪！ 里克：然后她告诉我不要吃饼干，因为她要留给她的孙子。 陈洁：她的孙子是谁？ 里克：就是我啊！ 陈洁：这可不是好迹象。 里克：是啊，我爸妈明天带她去医院。 陈洁：那就好，听医生的话，她可能需要特殊照料。 里克：嗯，我就是很难过，我不明白她正在经历些什么。 陈洁：你知道的，有些人年纪大了记忆力会变差。我爷爷也这样。 里克：不会吧，发生什么了？ 陈洁：我们以前常去公园放风筝，可现在他忘了去公园的路。所以我每个周末都陪他走过去。 里克：你真好！ 陈洁：谢谢。我不去想他忘记了什么，而是记住他还记得的事。你奶奶还记得你爱吃饼干呢！ 里克：你说得对！谢谢你，陈洁！ Section B 1b原文 P36 How to Boost Your Memory Would you like to improve your memory?To start with,it is important to understand how memory works. There are two main kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory helps you remember things that you may only need for a short time,like phone numbers when you need to make a phone call. Long-term memory is the ability to remember things for days, years, or even a lifetime. So the real question is: How do you make sure what you learn enters your long-term memory? By using some clever memory techniques and leading a healthy life, you will see some great results. Let's take a look. First, pay attention. However, you might fail to remember all the details. So, try taking notes by writing down key points. After all, it is easier to remember a summary than every word in a passage. Second, use it or lose it. The more you review what you learn, the more likely you will remember it. However, you should not wear out your brain. Try studying for 40 minutes, and then take a break. You can also review information by discussing it with others or by teaching others. A third way is to make use of senses. Create images by using tables, graphs, and mind maps to organize information. You can also create a story with information and view it in your mind like a film. In addition, make use of your other senses. For example, listening to recorded information can be very effective. Last but not least, boost your memory by staying healthy. ●Sleep well. While you sleep, your brain organizes your memories. Bad sleep makes it harder for new information to enter your long-term memory. ●Eat well. Your brain needs food like an engine needs fuel. Healthy food and drink will help your brain work much better. ●Exercise. A healthy and active body boosts both your memory and your mind. Many more memory techniques can be found in books or online. Try some different methods to see which ones work best for you. You are sure to improve your memory! 翻译 如何提升记忆力 你想提高记忆力吗？首先，了解记忆的运作原理很重要。 记忆主要分为两种：短时记忆和长时记忆。短时记忆帮你记住短期内需要的信息，比如打电话时的号码。长时记忆是能记住几天、几年甚至一辈子的能力。所以真正的问题是：如何让所学内容进入长时记忆？运用巧妙的记忆方法，保持健康生活，就能收获显著效果。一起来看看。 第一，集中注意力。但你可能记不住所有细节，所以试着通过写下要点来记笔记。毕竟，记住概要比逐字背诵文章更容易。 第二，用则进，废则退。复习得越多，记得越牢。但不要过度用脑，学习40分钟就休息一下。你也可以和他人讨论、给他人讲解来复习知识。 第三，善用感官。用表格、图表、思维导图整理信息，构建画面。也可以把信息编成故事，像电影一样在脑海中回放。此外，利用其他感官，比如听录音就很有效。 最后同样重要的是，保持健康以提升记忆力。 ●睡好觉。睡眠时大脑会整理记忆，睡眠不好会让新信息更难进入长时记忆。 ●吃好饭。大脑需要营养，就像引擎需要燃料。健康的饮食能让大脑运转得更好。 ●多运动。健康活力的身体能同时提升记忆力和思维能力。 书籍和网络上还有更多记忆技巧。尝试不同方法，找到最适合自己的，你的记忆力一定会提高！ Section B 3a原文 P39 Friday,20 November In the past,I always felt stressed when I had to give a speech. I used to spend lots of time trying to memorize my speech, but I still forgot some parts. Last week, I decided to find out what the right way is to memorize a speech.I looked online and asked friends, and I found many useful methods. I learnt how to create a speech outline. Instead of trying to remember every word of my speech, I remembered the key words first. Then I formed images of these key words in my mind, and linked them in order. Another method is to divide the speech into short sections. I practised the first section until I could fully recall it. Then I moved on to the next. This helped me to find out which parts of the speech I needed to work on the most. Finally,a friend told me that I should have confidence in myself. Nobody knows my speech except me. If I do forget some words,I shouldn't panic. Just remember the key words and continue! I followed all these great methods and my speech today was a great success! 翻译 11月20日星期五 以前，我一要演讲就紧张。我总花大量时间背演讲稿，却还是会忘词。上周，我决定找到背演讲稿的正确方法。我上网查资料、请教朋友，找到了很多实用技巧。 我学会了列演讲提纲。不再逐字背诵，而是先记关键词，再在脑海中把关键词变成画面，按顺序串联起来。 另一个方法是把演讲稿分成小段。先练第一段，直到完全记住，再练下一段。这能帮我找到最需要下功夫的部分。 最后，朋友告诉我要自信。除了我没人更熟悉我的演讲稿。就算忘词也别慌，记住关键词继续讲就好！ 我用了这些好方法，今天的演讲非常成功！ Reading Plus Brain Sports How good is your memory? How many words can you memorize in 15 minutes? Well, some people can memorize 335 words. Some people are even more amazing. For example, someone once memorized the order of 2,530 playing cards in just one hour! Just as there are sports competitions using our bodies, there are also sports competitions using our minds, such as the World Memory Championships. These were held in Wuhan, China, in 2019. There were many different events. For instance, the “brain athletes” had to remember as many names and faces as they could or as many words as possible in 15 minutes. While you might think that these competitors were all born with a strong memory, this is often not true. For example, one champion has an average memory, but he makes full use of memory techniques. So, if he wants to remember the names of the Great Lakes in the US and Canada, he thinks of HOMES, because each letter in HOMES stands for a different lake. Many competitors use what is called a “memory palace” to remember things. While most people are terrible at remembering lists, they are quite good at remembering where things are. Think about your bedroom. You can probably picture in your mind where everything in your bedroom is. Now, picture in your mind the things on the list in different places in your bedroom. Later, if you want to remember the words, all you need to do is remember the picture. Memory competitions are not for everyone, and not everyone is a brain athlete. On the other hand, some of their memory techniques may be useful to you in your studies. You should give them a try! 脑力运动 你记忆力多好？15分钟能背多少词？嗯，有些人能背335个词。有些人更惊人。比如，有人曾在一小时内记住2530张扑克牌的顺序！ 正如有用身体的体育比赛，也有用脑的体育比赛，比如世界记忆锦标赛。2019年在中国武汉举办。项目很多样。例如，“脑力运动员”得在15分钟内尽量记住最多人名和脸，或尽量多背词。 你也许以为这些选手生来记性好，但通常不是。比如一位冠军记忆普通，但他充分利用记忆法。所以，他想记美加五大湖名时，就想HOMES，因为HOMES里每个字母代表一个湖。 很多选手用所谓“记忆宫殿”记事。多数人记清单很差，但记东西在哪儿挺行。想你卧室。你大概能在脑里画出卧室每样东西在哪。现在，把清单上的东西在脑里摆进卧室不同位置。之后想记那些词，只需想起那幅画。 记忆比赛不是给所有人，也不是人人是脑力运动员。但另一方面，他们有些记忆法对你学习可能有用。你该试试！ Unit 5 Power of Ideas Section A, 1b and 1c Conversation 1 Guide 1: Welcome to the International Exhibition of Inventions! Over here, we have Super See from Germany. Ella: They look like sunglasses. What are they used for? Guide 1: They're for people who can't see well. They don't find normal glasses helpful. Ella: How do they help people to see? Guide1: Well, a mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. It makes everything look larger. Words can also be turned into sound. Ella: Cool! So they can help people watch TV and read books. Guide 1: Yes. They can also control the colour and picture. Ella: Amazing! 导游1：欢迎来到国际发明展！这边是德国的“超级视界”。 艾拉：看着像太阳镜。它们是干嘛用的？ 导游1：是给视力不太好、普通眼镜没用的人用的。 艾拉：它们怎么帮人看见？ 导游1：嗯，眼镜前面连着一个迷你摄像头。它把东西都放大。字也能转成声音。 艾拉：酷！那它们能帮人看电视、看书。 导游1：对。还能调颜色和画面。 艾拉：太神了！ Conversation 2 Teng Fei: What smells so delicious? Guide 2: Come and have a try. Smart Cook from China is cooking some food. Teng Fei: Really? How does it work? Guide 2: It's simple! Put food like carrots and onions in the cup on the top of the machine. Then press this button. All the food is cut and fried. The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. Teng Fei: Fantastic! How many kinds of dishes can it make? Guide 2: Hundreds! It has an app with many recipes. Teng Fei: Great! With this robot, my parents can take a break from cooking. Guide 2: How nice of you to think so. I'm sure they will love it. 腾飞：什么这么香？ 导游2：过来尝尝。中国的“智能厨师”正在做饭。 腾飞：真的？怎么用的？ 导游2：简单！把胡萝卜、洋葱这种食材放进机器顶上的杯里。按这个键。所有食材会被切好、炒好。油和盐机器自己加。 腾飞：厉害！能做几种菜？ 导游2：上百种！它有个带很多菜谱的App。 腾飞：棒！有这机器人，我爸妈做饭能歇歇了。 导游2：你这么想真好。他们肯定喜欢。 Section A, 2b and 2c Ella: Hi, Han Lin! Did you go to the International Exhibition of Inventions last weekend? Han Lin: Yes, some amazing inventions were shown from all over the world. Ella: What invention did you like the most? Han Lin: Oh, the 3D printer was amazing. Ella: Why? Han Lin: Almost everything under the sun can be made by it. Ella: Really? Like what? Han Lin: Well, all kinds of everyday objects. Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer. Ella: That's cool! Han Lin: Yeah. And in medicine, for example, arms and legs, and even hearts can be created by the 3D printer. Ella: That's great! How does it work? Han Lin: Well, first, the object is designed on a computer. Then, a file is created and sent to the 3D printer. The 3D printer reads the file, and after that, the object is produced by building up plastic. Ella: Is only plastic used? Han Lin: No, other materials can also be used to produce things. It can even make food. Ella: Oh, really? I'd love to try 3D-printed food! 艾拉：嗨，韩林！上周末你去国际发明展了吗？ 韩林：去了，展出了好多来自世界各地的神奇发明。 艾拉：你最喜欢哪个发明？ 韩林：哦，3D打印机最厉害。 艾拉：为什么？ 韩林：天下几乎什么东西它都能做。 艾拉：真的？比如呢？ 韩林：嗯，各种日常用品。玩具、椅子、桌子，甚至房子，都能用3D打印机制作。 艾拉：好酷！ 韩林：对。还有在医学上，比如胳膊腿，甚至心脏，都能用3D打印机造出来。 艾拉：太棒了！怎么工作的？ 韩林：嗯，先在电脑上设计物体。然后生成文件发给3D打印机。打印机读文件，之后通过一层层堆塑料把物体做出来。 艾拉：只能用塑料吗？ 韩林：不是，也能用别材料做东西。它还能做吃的。 艾拉：哦，真的？我真想试试3D打印的食品！ Section A 3a原文 P42 Fu Xing: What do you think is the most useful invention of all time, Peter? Peter: It has to be the radio. Fu Xing: The radio? Why? Peter: Before the radio was invented, information travelled very slowly. The world was made much smaller by the radio. Suddenly, news could be spread around the world in seconds. Fu Xing: Right. Who was the inventor? Peter: An Italian inventor called Guglielmo Marconi. He developed the idea in the 1890s. In 1901, a radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time. Fu Xing: Wow! That was quite a distance at that time. Peter: Yeah. And because of the radio, some other important inventions were developed as well. Fu Xing: Like the television? Peter: That's right. It also had a big effect on music. The radio made it much easier for people to enjoy music from artists around the world. 翻译 付星：彼得，你认为有史以来最有用的发明是什么？ 彼得：肯定是收音机。 付星：收音机？为什么？ 彼得：收音机发明前，信息传播速度极慢。收音机让世界变小了，新闻能在几秒内传遍全球。 付星：没错。发明者是谁？ 彼得：意大利发明家伽利尔摩·马可尼。他在19世纪90年代提出这个构想，1901年，无线电信号首次横跨大西洋传播。 付星：哇！在当时那可是很远的距离。 彼得：是啊。因为收音机，其他一些重要发明也相继出现。 付星：比如电视？ 彼得：没错。收音机还对音乐产生了巨大影响，让人们更容易欣赏到世界各地艺术家的音乐。 Section B 1b原文 P46 An Invention That Changed the World Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines? All of these things depend on one invention-papermaking.It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze wares, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute--a fibre that comes from plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive. As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. In his times, some kinds of bark- the outside part of trees-were used to make clothes. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. In the first step of Cai Lun's experiment,all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.Then,this material was beaten, cut up,and mixed with water again.Next,the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre.Finally,this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.To everyone's surprise,this paper was soft,light,easy to make and use,and most importantly,cheap.In 105CE,Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor.The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work. Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China's neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today. 翻译 改变世界的发明 你能想象没有书籍、报纸、杂志的世界吗？这些都依赖一项发明——造纸术。相比其他发明，正是造纸术推动了信息的快速传播，塑造了我们的现代世界。 中国古代，人们用多种材料书写，比如兽骨、青铜器、石头、木材、竹子，甚至丝绸。西汉时期出现了用黄麻（一种植物纤维）制作的早期纸张。但这些材料要么难以使用和保存，要么价格昂贵。 东汉时期，蔡伦担任皇宫尚方令，开始尝试解决这个问题。他尝试了多种制作书写材料的方法，都不理想。当时，人们用某些树皮制作衣服。从经验中，蔡伦想到用树皮、特定植物和旧布料制作适合书写的特殊材料。 蔡伦的实验第一步是把所有原料混合水煮，然后捣烂、切碎，再次加水搅拌。接着把浆液倒在竹帘上，只留下纤维。最后把纤维晾干、压平，就成了纸。令人惊喜的是，这种纸柔软轻便、易制易用，最重要的是价格低廉。公元105年，蔡伦将这项发明献给皇帝，皇帝十分满意，称赞他的伟大功绩。 后来，造纸术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，也改变了世界文明。它先传入中国周边国家，12世纪经阿拉伯国家传到欧洲。几个世纪后，纸张与印刷术结合，书籍数量激增，带来了知识的新生，造就了我们今天的世界。 Section B 3a原文 P49 The invention of the plane has greatly changed the world. However, it seems that its inventors, Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright, were not looking to change the world at all. Rather, they just wanted to fly like birds. To solve the problem of heavier-than-air flight, the Wright brothers began working with gliders. There were two main challenges. The first was how to get the glider into the air. The second was how to control it once it was flying. For both problems, they found their solution by looking at how birds flew. After they solved these problems, they added an engine to the glider. Then, in December 1903, the world's first plane flights were made. The invention of the plane has made our travels around the world much easier and faster. Journeys that once took days, weeks, or even months, can now be made in only a few hours. As a result, communication among people in different countries is now much easier, and the world has become a much smaller place. 翻译 飞机的发明极大地改变了世界。然而，发明者莱特兄弟（奥维尔·莱特和威尔伯·莱特）起初根本没想改变世界，他们只是想像鸟儿一样飞翔。 为了解决重于空气的飞行器飞行难题，莱特兄弟开始研究滑翔机。他们面临两大挑战：一是如何让滑翔机升空，二是升空后如何操控。他们通过观察鸟类飞行找到了这两个问题的答案。解决问题后，他们给滑翔机加装了发动机。1903年12月，人类历史上首次飞机飞行成功。 飞机的发明让环球旅行变得更便捷、更快速。曾经需要几天、几周甚至几个月的旅程，现在只需几小时。因此，不同国家人们的交流变得更容易，世界也变成了一个小得多的地方。 Reading plus Young Inventors You may think that all inventors are adults with rich experience and university degrees, but you would be wrong. In fact, many famous inventions have been created by teenagers just like you. Helping the blind to read At the age of three, Louis Braille became blind as a result of an accident. At a school for the blind, he was taught to read using books with raised letters. Blind people would run their fingers over the letters and guess their shapes. However, sometimes it was confusing because letters like "Q" and "O" were very similar, and they also took up too much space on a page. To solve these problems, a system was invented where letters were replaced with a code of raised dots. However, this new method was still too slow and difficult. At the age of 15, Braille made important improvements to the raised dot system. He made the code simpler and reduced the number of raised dots. Braille's system was incredibly successful and is still used today around the world. Bringing entertainment to our homes Philo Farnsworth was a teenager when he read about the problem of creating an electronic television in a science magazine and became interested in it. One day, while he was working on a farm, he noticed the straight rows of crops, and it gave him an idea. Perhaps an image could be broken down into lines, changed into electronic signals, and then sent through the airwaves. For years, Farnsworth worked to develop his idea, but he faced many challenges along the way. Many people did not believe his idea would work, and he found it difficult to get money to pay for his research. However, he never gave up. When he was 21, he eventually succeeded in sending a simple image using his invention. This breakthrough was an important step in creating the modern televisions that we use for entertainment today. These stories show that with a passion for solving problems, anyone can make a difference in the world, no matter how old they are. So, if you have an idea that you believe in, do not be afraid to go for it. Who knows? You may just be the next Louis Braille or Philo Farnsworth. 少年发明家 你也许以为发明家都是经验丰富、有大学学位的成年人，那你错了。其实，许多著名发明是像你一样的青少年做出的。 帮盲人读书 路易·布拉耶三岁时因事故失明。在盲校，他学用凸字书读字。盲人用手指摸字母、猜形状。可有时很乱，因为“Q”“O”这类字母太像，还占太多页上空间。为解这些问题，有人发明一套系统，用凸点密码代字母。但这新方法还是太慢太难。15岁时，布拉耶对凸点系统做了重要改进。他把密码简化，减少凸点数量。布拉耶系统极成功，至今全球在用。 把娱乐带进家门 菲洛·法恩斯沃思还是少年时，在一本科学杂志上读到制造电子电视的难题，起了兴趣。一天在农场干活，他注意到作物成直行，得了启发。或许图像能拆成线，转成电子信号，再经电波发出。多年他致力发展这想法，但一路遇不少挑战。很多人不信他点子行得通，他也难筹研究钱。但他没放弃。21岁时，终用发明成功传出简单图像。这突破是造出现代电视的重要一步，而电视正是今朝我们用来娱乐的。 这些故事说明，只要有问题解决热情，不论几岁，谁都能改变世界。所以，你若有信的点子，别怕去试。谁知道？你可能就是下一个路易·布拉耶或菲洛·法恩斯沃思。 Unit 6 Beyond Earth Section A, 1b and 1c News report 1 China's new space programme was made public today. Exploration of the planet Mars and the moon will be continued. China's Zhurong rover successfully landed on Mars in 2021, and it is hoped that a manned mission to the moon will follow around 2030. 中国新的太空计划今天对外公布。对火星和月球的探索将继续推进。中国的“祝融号”火星车已于2021年成功着陆火星，人们希望约在2030年前后实施载人登月任务。 News report 2 China has announced that more astronauts will be sent to the Tiangong space station. Since the space station was completed in 2022, it has been used to do research on biology, medicine, and materials. It will also continue its cooperation with Germany, Italy, and Russia on scientific research. 中国宣布将发送更多航天员前往天宫空间站。自该空间站在2022年建成以来，一直用于开展生物学、医学和材料方面的研究。它还将继续与德国、意大利和俄罗斯在科研上开展合作。 News report 3 According to Chinese space scientists, Chang'e-6 collected 1,935.3 grams of precious soil samples from the far side of the moon. These samples will be stored and studied by scientists. It is believed that our understanding of the moon and the universe will be greatly improved. Let's wait and see what will be discovered in the future. 据中国航天科学家介绍，“嫦娥六号”从月球背面采集了1935.3克珍贵土壤样品。这些样品将由科学家保存和研究。相信我们对月球和宇宙的认识会大大提升。未来会发现什么，咱们拭目以待。 Section A, 2b and 2c Ms Wang: All right. So, we've done some experiments. Now it's time for questions. Anna: Hi, Ms Wang! I want to know how it feels to be weightless. Ms Wang: Oh, it's so much fun! I can turn around easily! You see, I can move everywhere by just pushing against the wall! Mike: Ms Wang, what does Earth look like from the space station? Ms Wang: It looks like a huge shining ball. It's really beautiful. Julie: Ms Wang, I want to know how you eat up there. Ms Wang: Nice question. Well, all our food is prepared on Earth and kept in bags. We have over 120 dishes to choose from. David: What's difficult about living in space? Ms Wang: Well, it's a little hard to fall asleep. We have to be tied down so we don't fly away! Li Hua: Do you get bored? Will you be visited by other astronauts? Ms Wang: It's never boring in space. Actually, two astronauts will arrive next month. It's very exciting. 王老师：好，我们做了些实验。现在到了提问时间。 安娜：王老师你好！我想知道失重是什么感觉。 王老师：哦，特别好玩！我能轻松转身！你看，只要推一下墙，我就能到处移动！ 迈克：王老师，从空间站看地球什么样？ 王老师：像一个巨大的发光球。真的很好看。 朱莉：王老师，我想知道你们在上面怎么吃饭。 王老师：问得好。嗯，我们的食物都在地球上做好，装在袋子里。有一百二十多种菜可以选。 大卫：在太空生活有什么难的地方？ 王老师：嗯，睡着有点难。我们得把自己绑住，免得飘走！ 李华：你会觉得无聊吗？会有别的航天员来探望吗？ 王老师：太空里从不无聊。其实下个月会有两位航天员来。很让人兴奋。 Section A 3a原文 P54 Host: Our question today is: Why do we explore space? Let's talk to space scientist Dr Yang. Welcome, Dr Yang! Dr Yang: Thank you very much. Well, there are three good reasons to explore space. First, to improve our knowledge of Earth and its place in the universe. Host: Could you explain that a bit more? Dr Yang: Sure. The study of other planets helps us better understand Earth's geology, history, and relationship with other planets. Host: Oh, right. Dr Yang: Second, technology developed for space can benefit us here on Earth. Host: Could you give our listeners an example? Dr Yang: Of course. Some satellites, for example, help us deal with problems caused by climate change. Host: Yes, that's very useful. And the third reason? Dr Yang: Well, at some point in the far future, we may find new resources in outer space. It might sound crazy, but our Earth may run out of resources. In that case, a new home for us human beings will be needed. Host: Wow, interesting! Maybe Mars will be made into our new home in the future. 翻译 主持人：今天的问题是：我们为什么要探索太空？我们有请太空科学家杨博士。杨博士，欢迎您！ 杨博士：非常感谢。探索太空有三个重要原因。第一，加深我们对地球及其在宇宙中位置的认知。 主持人：能再解释一下吗？ 杨博士：当然。研究其他行星能帮我们更好地了解地球的地质、历史以及与其他行星的关系。 主持人：哦，对。 杨博士：第二，太空研发的技术能造福地球。 主持人：能给听众举个例子吗？ 杨博士：当然。比如一些卫星能帮助我们应对气候变化带来的问题。 主持人：是的，非常实用。第三个原因呢？ 杨博士：在遥远的未来，我们可能在太空发现新资源。这听起来或许不可思议，但地球资源可能会枯竭。到那时，人类就需要新的家园。 主持人：哇，有意思！或许未来火星会成为我们的新家园。 Section B 1b原文P56 Reaching for the Stars Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. Many ancient cultures believed that these points of light were from gods or other mysterious worlds. However, as science and technology developed, we learnt the truth about stars. They are real places like our own sun, and they are further away than anyone imagined. This raises the question: Can we visit the stars one day? The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. This spacecraft was launched in 1977. In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. It shows who we are and where we are from. By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 25 billion kilometres from Earth, but that is still a long way from Earth's second-closest star, Proxima Centauri. That star is 4.2 light years away-about 40 trillion kilometres! The challenge of visiting the stars gets even bigger for space flights with humans. The farthest that any human has travelled in space is only about 400,000 kilometres, around the other side of the moon. Time is a big problem. At present, even a journey to the planet Mars will take around six to nine months. What will the astronauts eat and drink during this period? And how about their health and safety? These problems grow when we talk about visiting another star. It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there! Scientists, however, believe that visiting the stars is not a completely wild dream. One idea is to have the astronauts sleep during their journey, like some animals do in winter. Another is to develop much faster spacecraft. While this is not possible right now, with nations and scientists cooperating with one another, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. Humans have photographed other galaxies,set foot on the moon, and even successfully landed rovers on Mars. It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. 翻译 仰望星空，伸手摘星 自人类历史开端以来，人们便抬头望向星辰，好奇它们究竟是什么模样。许多古代文明认为，这些光点是神明或其他神秘世界所为。然而，随着科学技术的发展，我们了解了关于恒星的真相。它们是真实存在的天体，就像我们自己的太阳一样，而且它们距离之远超出任何人的想象。这就引出了一个问题：我们有一天能去拜访那些星星吗？ 目前飞离地球最远的人造物体是“旅行者一号”。这艘航天器于1977年发射。万一“旅行者一号”被外星生命发现，船上携带了一张特殊的唱片，录有来自地球的声音和图像。它展示了我们是谁，以及我们来自何处。到2025年，“旅行者一号”距地球已超过250亿公里，但这距离地球第二近的恒星——比邻星——依然遥远。那颗恒星距离我们4.2光年，约40万亿公里！ 对人类载人航天而言，拜访恒星的挑战更加巨大。人类在太空中飞行过的最远距离仅约40万公里，也就是绕到月球的背面。时间是一大难题。以目前的技术，即便是前往火星的旅程也要耗时大约六到九个月。宇航员在这段期间吃什么、喝什么？他们的健康与安全又如何保障？当我们谈论拜访另一颗恒星时，这些问题会成倍放大。那段旅程可能需要几十万年才能到达！ 不过，科学家认为，拜访恒星并非完全不切实际的幻想。一个设想是让宇航员在旅途中休眠，就像某些动物冬眠那样。另一个设想是研发速度远超现今的航天器。虽然这在当下还无法实现，但随着各国与科学家彼此合作，有必要技术终将被开发出来。人类已经拍摄了其他星系的照片，踏足过月球，甚至成功让火星车着陆火星。看来有一天我们抵达恒星是有可能的。 Section B 3a原文 P59 My Space Dream My space dream is that one day a space station will be built on the moon. I believe there are quite a few benefits. First,it will be a good place for scientists to cooperate and do space research together. New technologies can be developed, tested, and operated there. These technologies can then be used to help build stations on Mars and other planets. Second, more resources will be found. I think the moon may have some special kind of energy resources that can be useful to Earth. It just takes time for scientists to find it. Third, people may live and work there. Tourists will also be able to visit. I want to be one of the first visitors. I hope one day we humans can spend holidays in space and explore the universe. Humans have achieved many things that were once only dreams. I hope the space station on the moon will be built in the near future, and I hope it will happen during my lifetime. 翻译 我的太空梦 我的太空梦是有朝一日在月球上建造空间站。我相信这会带来诸多益处。 首先，它会成为科学家合作开展太空研究的绝佳场所。新技术可以在那里研发、测试和使用，进而帮助人类在火星和其他行星上建造空间站。 其次，能发现更多资源。我认为月球上可能存在对地球有用的特殊能源，科学家只是需要时间去寻找。 第三，人们可以在那里生活和工作，游客也能前往参观。我想成为首批游客之一。我希望有一天人类能去太空度假，探索宇宙。 人类已经实现了许多曾经只是梦想的事。我希望月球空间站能在不久的将来建成，在我有生之年得以实现。 Reading Plus All About Satellites In October 1957, people listening to radios around the world heard something no one had ever heard before. For three weeks, there was just “beep, beep, beep”. About one beep a second. Millions of people sat round their radios just listening for this beep. The beep itself was not all that amazing. The amazing thing was the place where it came from—space. The beep came from the world’s first man-made satellite, Sputnik 1. Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957. It was round, made of metal, and more than twice as wide as a basketball. It weighed about 84 kilograms, travelled at 29,000 kilometres an hour, and took 96.2 minutes to circle Earth. Sputnik 1 stopped beeping when its radio battery died on 26 October, and it burnt up when it fell back to Earth on 4 January 1958. The launch of Sputnik 1 also began the age of satellites. The first satellites were used for research. Through them, we can better understand the world we live in. They also send back photographs that help us to make better maps of our world. Communication satellites were also soon developed. These allow TV and radio signals to be sent across oceans or to places thousands of kilometres away. This is how people can watch TV across continents and oceans. Weather satellites soon followed. These can tell us when a storm is coming or whether it will snow next week. One new kind of satellite that is now becoming more useful to the public is the positioning satellite. This satellite works with a highly complicated system, like the BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System), which can tell us where our car or even our mobile phone is. It seems that there is no end to the possible uses of satellites. The only real limit to their use is our own imagination. 关于卫星的一切 1957年10月，全世界听收音机的人听到了从前没人听过的东西。连续三周，只有“哔，哔，哔”。大约每秒一声。几百万人坐在收音机旁就听这声哔。哔声本身没多神。神的是它来的地方——太空。这哔声来自世界第一颗人造卫星“斯普特尼克1号”。 斯普特尼克1号由苏联于1957年10月4日发射。它圆滚滚，金属造，比篮球宽两倍多。重约84公斤，时速29000公里，绕地球一圈96.2分钟。10月26日无线电电池没电，它停了哔。1958年1月4日跌回地球时烧掉了。 斯普特尼克1号发射也开启了卫星时代。早期卫星用于研究。借它们，我们能更懂自己住的世界。它们还传回照片，帮我们画更好的地图。 通信卫星也很快搞出来。它们让电视、广播信号跨洋、传到几千公里外。人们就这样能跨大陆跨洋看电视。气象卫星随即跟上。它们能告我们风暴几时来、下周下不下雪。现在对公众越来越有用的是定位卫星。这卫星和极复杂系统配合，像北斗导航卫星系统，能告我们车甚至手机在哪儿。 卫星的用处似乎没有头。唯一真限制是用它们的想象力。 Unit 7 Feel the Rhythm Section A, 1b and 1c Han Lin: Hey, everyone! The New Year School Concert is around the corner. We want to find out what kind of music everyone likes. How about you, Teng Fei? Teng Fei: I love traditional music that tells a story, for example, folk music. Han Lin: Folk music is great. What's your favourite, Clarice? Clarice: Of course it's rock. I like music that I can dance to. Han Lin: What about you, Jack? Jack: Well, I need something that has a strong rhythm, like rap. Wouldn't you agree, Debbie? Debbie: Hmm ... I'm not that into rap. Han Lin: Then what kind of music do you like? Debbie: I prefer music that I can sing along to, so it's pop for me. 韩林：嘿，各位！新年校园音乐会快到了。我们想问问大家喜欢什么音乐。腾飞，你呢？ 腾飞：我喜欢讲故事的传统音乐，比如民乐。 韩林：民乐不错。克拉丽丝，你最爱什么？ 克拉丽丝：当然是摇滚。我喜欢能跟着跳的音乐。 韩林：杰克，你呢？ 杰克：嗯，我要节奏强的，像说唱。黛比，你同意吧？ 黛比：嗯……我没那么喜欢说唱。 韩林：那你喜欢哪种音乐？ 黛比：我更喜欢能跟着唱的，所以我选流行。 Section A, 2b and 2c Teng Fei: Hey, guys! Have you heard the news? Debbie: No. What? Teng Fei: The Chinese Dragon band is going to perform at our New Year School Concert! Debbie: Oh, great! Jack: I love their music! Clarice: Me too! I like the fact that they mix rock, pop, and traditional Chinese music to make a new style. Debbie: Yes, it's amazing to hear the erhu and pipa being played together with the keyboard and electric guitar. Jack: Yeah, I like musicians who are creative. Clarice: So do I! And the lead singer, Bob Wu, has a voice that I could listen to all day! Teng Fei: Do you think they'll play "Horse Racing"? Debbie: They should! It's a piece which everyone loves! Jack: Oh, I just remembered! Clarice: What? Jack: I've got a T-shirt which has the band's name on the back! Clarice: Cool! You should wear it to the concert! 腾飞：嘿， guys！听到消息没？ 黛比：没。啥？ 腾飞：中国龙乐队要在咱们新年校园音乐会上演出了！ 黛比：哦，太棒了！ 杰克：我爱他们的音乐！ 克拉丽丝：我也是！我喜欢他们把摇滚、流行和中国传统音乐混在一起搞出新风格。 黛比：对，听到二胡和琵琶跟键盘、电吉他一起奏，真惊艳。 杰克：是啊，我喜欢有创意的音乐人。 克拉丽丝：我也！主唱吴鲍勃（Bob Wu）的嗓子我能听一整天！ 腾飞：你觉得他们会演《赛马》吗？ 黛比：应该会！那是首大家都爱的曲子！ 杰克：哦，我刚想起来！ 克拉丽丝：啥？ 杰克：我有件T恤，背后印着乐队名！ 克拉丽丝：酷！你该穿去音乐会！ Section A 3a原文 P64 Clarice: That was a great concert! Which performance did you like the best, Jack? Jack: I thought “Horse Racing” was especially good. It really gave me the feeling of a horse race. Debbie: I love music which is energetic! Their use of the keyboard and erhu made me imagine horses running down a track. Clarice: Yes,but for me,I really like music which is full of joy and celebration, such as “Dance of the Golden Snake”. Teng Fei: The use of the erhu, pipa, and drums was exciting, but I prefer music that touches me-that's why I liked “Butterfly Lovers” more. The music tells a sad and romantic story. Jack: Yeah, and it's interesting that the performers used both Chinese and Western instruments. I've never heard the erhu played together with the violin. Teng Fei: I also liked Voices of Spring. I never realized you could dance to it! 翻译 克拉丽斯：这场音乐会太棒了！杰克，你最喜欢哪个节目？ 杰克：我觉得《赛马》特别好，让我仿佛置身赛马现场。 黛比：我喜欢充满活力的音乐！他们用电子琴和二胡演奏，让我想象到骏马在赛道上奔腾。 克拉丽斯：没错，但我更喜欢充满欢乐喜庆的音乐，比如《金蛇狂舞》。 滕飞：二胡、琵琶和鼓的演奏很震撼，但我更偏爱打动人心的音乐，所以我更喜欢《梁祝》。这首乐曲讲述了一个凄美浪漫的故事。 杰克：是啊，有意思的是演奏者同时使用了中西乐器。我从没听过二胡和小提琴合奏。 滕飞：我还喜欢《春之声》，我从来没想过可以跟着它跳舞！ Section B 1b原文 P66 Chopin: A Great Inspiration When the great composer Robert Schumann first heard a work which was written by young Chopin, he said, "Hats off, gentlemen! A genius!" Frederic Chopin (1810-1849) is considered one of the greatest musicians in history. During his short lifetime, he was celebrated as one of the world's greatest pianists--even though he only gave around 30 concerts! He was also a gifted composer who left behind more than 200 musical works. Chopin was born in a village in Poland. He didn't attend music school until he was 16, but soon outdid his teachers. His parents sent him to Vienna in 1829 to widen his musical experience. By 1832, he had made his way to Paris, the city that he would call home for the rest of his life. Chopin was not only a great pianist, but also a respected piano teacher. He often told his students, "Put all your soul into it! Play the way you feel!" This is advice that is still followed by musicians today. Polish folk music was a kind of music that some people looked down on at the time--it was seen as too simple and common. But it became an important characteristic in Chopin's music. His use of Polish folk music caused people to see it as a valuable art form. His music also helped build a nation which was divided up by other countries. By using Polish folk music, Chopin seemed to be saying to the world, "We are our own country with our own culture! We are our own people!" Chopin's music encouraged his people and helped them keep going through years of difficulty. Today, the Polish people proudly think of Poland as the country of Chopin. When Chopin died from ill health at 39, thousands of people travelled from faraway countries to attend his funeral. Today, people around the world still listen to his moving and often sad music.It is studied in music schools, played by pianists, heard in films and on TV, and loved by listeners young and old. 翻译 肖邦：伟大的灵感源泉 伟大作曲家罗伯特·舒曼第一次听到年轻肖邦的作品时说：“先生们，脱帽致敬！一位天才！” 弗雷德里克·肖邦（1810-1849）是历史上最伟大的音乐家之一。他短暂的一生中，虽仅举办约30场音乐会，却被誉为世界顶级钢琴家。他还是天赋异禀的作曲家，留下了200多部音乐作品。 肖邦出生于波兰的一个村庄，16岁才进入音乐学校，却很快超越了老师。1829年，父母送他去维也纳拓宽音乐视野。1832年，他定居巴黎，这座城市成为他余生的家园。 肖邦不仅是杰出的钢琴家，还是备受尊敬的钢琴老师。他常对学生说：“全身心投入！按照你的感受去演奏！” 这条建议至今仍被音乐家们遵循。 波兰民间音乐在当时被一些人轻视，认为太过简单通俗，却成为肖邦音乐的重要特色。他对波兰民间音乐的运用，让人们认识到这是珍贵的艺术形式。 他的音乐还助力当时被瓜分的波兰凝聚民族精神。通过运用波兰民间音乐，肖邦仿佛在向世界宣告：“我们有自己的文化，是独立的民族！” 肖邦的音乐鼓舞着同胞，支撑他们度过漫长苦难。如今，波兰人民自豪地将波兰称为 “肖邦之国”。 肖邦39岁因病离世时，数千人从异国他乡赶来参加他的葬礼。如今，世界各地的人们仍在聆听他动人且略带忧伤的音乐。音乐院校教授他的作品，钢琴家演奏他的乐曲，影视节目中回荡着他的旋律，男女老少都深爱他的音乐。 Section B 3a原文 P69 My Music Story The present that changed my life was the guitar my father bought me for my eighth birthday. I spent the next several months learning to play the guitar. I often sat next to my father while he showed me how to play a song. Then I went to my room and practised until my fingers hurt. I had a lot of trouble at first. But gradually, I became good at playing the guitar. Some of my schoolmates invited me to join their band. At first, I was too shy to play in front of people. Then I realized that I enjoyed music more when I shared it with others. We had great fun playing music and I made good friends with those in the band. Nowadays, our band is getting more and more popular. We often take part in performances both inside and outside our school. Although I have become busier this year, I still love playing the guitar and manage to find time for it. Music makes me happy when I am feeling sad, and relaxes me when I am stressed. It will always be part of my life. Jack, age 15 翻译 我的音乐故事 改变我人生的礼物是爸爸在我八岁生日时送的吉他。接下来的几个月，我一直学弹吉他。我常坐在爸爸身边，看他教我弹曲子，然后回房间练习到手指酸痛。起初我遇到很多困难，但渐渐的，我弹吉他越来越熟练。 一些同学邀请我加入他们的乐队。一开始，我害羞得不敢在人前演奏。后来我发现，和别人分享音乐时，我更享受音乐。我们一起演奏特别开心，我和乐队成员成了好朋友。如今，我们的乐队越来越受欢迎，经常参加校内外的演出。 虽然今年我更忙了，但我依然热爱弹吉他，总能挤出时间练习。音乐在我难过时让我开心，在压力大时让我放松。它将永远是我生命的一部分。 15岁 杰克 Reading Plus The Beauty of Chinese Music Last night, one of my Chinese friends took me to a traditional Chinese music concert. I have always wanted to see traditional Chinese music performed live. The most common Chinese instruments that I recognized were the erhu, pipa, guzheng, and dizi. The concert was a superb performance by Chinese artists, attended by both the elderly and the young. As a foreign audience member, I felt the legacy and continuation of traditional Chinese music in China, and I deeply felt the charm of traditional Chinese music. The first song that was performed was a familiar tune, "Molihua" ("Jasmine Flower"). It was one of the first Chinese folk songs to become popular outside of China. The romantic song, played in a simple five-note scale that is characteristic of Chinese music, expressed the love for natural beauty. It was adapted into the Italian opera Turandot by Puccini. It was also played during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the opening ceremony of the 2010 Shanghai Expo, and the opening ceremony of the Youth Olympics in Nanjing in 2014. No wonder it sounded so familiar! My favourite performance was the erhu solo of “Erquan Yingyue”. The piece has a poetic name, which means “Moon Reflected on Second Spring”. The gifted performer was so expressive that I almost cried along with it as I listened. The piece is considered one of the masterpieces of Chinese string music and the most famous piece by Chinese musician Abing. Its sad beauty reminded me of the hardships in Abing’s life, but under the sadness, I sensed the musician’s optimism and deep love for life. The concert ended with “Chunjie Xuqu” (the “Spring Festival Overture”), the first movement of the Spring Festival Suite by Li Huanzhi. Composed in the 1950s, the piece was based on the folk music of northern Shaanxi. It depicts the Spring Festival celebrated in this region in China during the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. The piece had a lively beginning, and then slowed down to a soothing tune. As the melody played, I felt as though I was among the crowd celebrating the Spring Festival in Shaanxi back then, sharing the people’s uplifting spirit and their hopes for a bright future. 中国音乐之美 昨晚，我一个中国朋友带我去听了一场中国传统音乐会。我一直想看传统中国音乐现场演。我认出最常见的中国乐器是二胡、琵琶、古筝和笛子。音乐会是位中国艺术家的精彩演出，老幼都来听。作为外国听众，我感受到中国传统音乐在中国的传承与延续，也深深感到传统中国音乐的魅力。 第一首演的是熟调《茉莉花》。它是最早在中国外走红的中国民歌之一。这首浪漫歌用中国音乐特有的简单五声音阶奏，表达对自然美的爱。它被普契尼改编进意大利歌剧《图兰朵》。它也在2008北京奥运、2010上海世博开幕式、2014南京青奥开幕式奏过。难怪听着这么耳熟！ 我最爱的是二胡独奏《二泉映月》。这曲名有诗意，意思是“第二泉中映月”。演奏者极有表现力，我听时差点跟着哭。这曲被认为中国弦乐杰作之一，也是中国音乐家阿炳最出名的一首。它悲伤的美让我想起阿炳生平苦难，但悲底下，我觉出音乐家的乐观和对生活深爱。 音乐会以《春节序曲》收尾，那是李焕之《春节组曲》第一乐章。作于1950年代，曲基于陕西北民歌。它描绘中国抗战时这地区过春节。曲子开头活泼，后放慢成舒缓调。旋律响时，我觉得像置身当年陕西庆春节的人堆里，共着百姓奋发精神和他们对光明未来的盼头。 Unit 8 More than a Game Section A, 1b and 1c Conversation 1 Fu Xing: Hi, guys. Sports Day is coming soon. We need to sign up for the tryouts by Friday. What do you think? Peter: Well, the 100 metres is usually exciting and everybody is looking forward to the 4 × 100 m relay. I could sign up for both. What about you, Binbin? Binbin: I don't know. Neither is really suitable for me. I might not take part. Fu Xing: But you like jogging. You could try the 1,500 metres. Binbin: Well, maybe. How about you, Fu Xing? Fu Xing: I like the high jump, so I will try that. Peter: Good idea! 付星：嗨，各位。运动会快到了。咱们得在周五前报名选拔赛。你们咋想？ 彼得：嗯，100米通常很刺激，大家也都盼着4×100米接力。这两个我都报。彬彬，你呢？ 彬彬：不知道。两个都不太适合我。我可能不参加。 付星：可你喜欢慢跑啊。你可以试试1500米。 彬彬：嗯，也许吧。付星，你呢？ 付星：我喜欢跳高，就试这个。 彼得：好主意！ Conversation 2 Peter: Hi, Teng Fei. Have we found anybody who can join our 4 × 100 m relay? Teng Fei: Hi, Peter. I was just about to tell you. Han Lin will join us. But for the fourth member, either Wang Yaming or Adam is a possible choice. Peter: So, who do you prefer? Teng Fei: Both are quite fast. But Adam seems quite busy already ... I'll go with Wang Yaming. And we need to start training soon! Peter: No problem. The team looks great! 彼得：嗨，腾飞。我们找到谁能加入咱们4×100米接力没？ 腾飞：嗨，彼得。我正要告诉你。韩林会加入咱们。但第四棒，王亚明或亚当都可能是人选。 彼得：那你更想要谁？ 腾飞：俩都挺快。不过亚当好像已经挺忙了……我选王亚明。而且咱们得尽快开始训练！ 彼得：没问题。这阵容看起来很棒！ Conversation 3 Peter: Everybody is so excited about Sports Day. What events are you taking part in, Meimei? Meimei: I'm really not much of an athlete. Peter: Oh, that's OK. Meimei: Yes, no problem at all. Ms Gao made me the school photographer and reporter. Peter: Cool! You can get a closer look at every event. What are you looking forward to the most? Meimei: Hmm, the 4 × 100 m relay and the team pull-up competition. Peter: Me too. 彼得：大家对运动会都好兴奋。梅梅，你参加啥项目？ 梅梅：我真不算运动员。 彼得：哦，没事。 梅梅：对，一点问题没有。高老师让我当校摄影和记者了。 彼得：酷！你能近距离看每个项目。你最期待哪个？ 梅梅：嗯，4×100米接力和团体引体向上比赛。 彼得：我也是。 Section A, 2b and 2c Meimei: Hello, everyone! Finally, here comes the exciting 4 × 100 m relay! I'm Song Meimei. Adam: This is Adam. Welcome to the 4 × 100 m relay. Meimei: Look. The runners are at the starting line. The race is about to start. Adam: They're off! Wang Yaming for Class 1 takes the lead. Meimei: He passes the baton to Peter. Peter keeps the lead. Now for the handoff to Han Lin. Adam: Oh, no! Peter drops the baton! Han Lin picks it up! But the other runners run past him. Meimei: Li Lei for Class 5 takes the lead now. Wait a minute! Han Lin is making up ground on Li Lei. Adam: Here comes the final handoff. Li Lei passes the baton to Xie Tao. Han Lin passes the baton to Teng Fei. Meimei: And here are Teng Fei and Xie Tao side by side! They cross the line together! Adam: But who won? Meimei: The judges are reviewing the video to decide who the winner is. Let's wait for their final decision! Oh! The winner is Teng Fei! Adam: Congratulations to Class 1! 梅梅：大家好！终于，激动人心的4×100米接力来了！我是宋梅梅。 亚当：我是亚当。欢迎来到4×100米接力现场。 梅梅：看。选手们都在起跑线了。比赛马上开始。 亚当：出发了！一班王亚明领先。 梅梅：他把棒传给彼得。彼得保持领先。现在交接给韩林。 亚当：哦，糟了！彼得掉棒了！韩林捡起来！但其他选手都超过他了。 梅梅：五班李雷现在领先。等等！韩林在追李雷。 亚当：最后一棒交接。李雷把棒传给谢涛。韩林把棒传给腾飞。 梅梅：腾飞和谢涛并排冲了！他俩一起过线！ 亚当：可谁赢了？ 梅梅：裁判在看录像定胜负。等最终决定！哦！腾飞赢了！ 亚当：祝贺一班！ Section A 3a原文 Ella: The Winter Olympics start next month. What event would you like to watch? Teng Fei: Ski jumping is at the top of my list. Ella: Same here! Teng Fei: Really? I just love seeing the athletes fly through the air! Ella: I agree. It's not easy to do what they do. Teng Fei: My parents and I also enjoy watching figure skating. I'm always amazed by their strength and technique. Ella: Like you, my family watch sports together, especially speed skating. It's truly amazing. What about the summer games? Do you have a favourite event? Teng Fei: Oh yes! I especially like the men's swimming. Ella: You must be a good swimmer. Teng Fei: Not really,but I love watching it anyway.For me,the swimming events are so exciting because swimmers often win by just 0.01 seconds.My family also watch team sports together,like women's volleyball.That's my mum's favourite. Ella: Cool! Oh, don't forget to watch the opening ceremony. Teng Fei: Yeah. That's always exciting! 翻译 埃拉：下个月冬奥会就开始了，你想看什么项目？ 滕飞：我最想看跳台滑雪。 埃拉：我也是！ 滕飞：真的吗？我就喜欢看运动员在空中飞跃的样子！ 埃拉：没错，他们太不容易了。 滕飞：我和爸妈还喜欢看花样滑冰，他们的力量和技巧总让我惊叹。 埃拉：我和家人也一起看体育比赛，尤其是速度滑冰，太精彩了。那夏季奥运会呢？你有喜欢的项目吗？ 滕飞：当然！我特别喜欢男子游泳。 埃拉：你肯定很会游泳吧。 滕飞：其实不会，但我就是喜欢看。对我来说，游泳比赛特别刺激，选手们常常只差 0.01 秒决出胜负。我和家人还一起看团体项目，比如女排，那是我妈妈的最爱。 埃拉：太棒了！哦，别忘了看开幕式。 滕飞：是啊，开幕式总是很精彩！ Section B 1b原文P76 Good morning, everyone! Today, I'd like to talk about my favourite sports event. Actually, when I used the word "event", it means two events: the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympics. They were held in Beijing—the first city ever to host both the Summer and the Winter Olympics. The most recent was the 2022 Winter Olympics. A total of nearly 2,900 athletes attended and competed in 109 events in seven Olympic winter sports. There were many exciting moments. Nearly the whole world watched the fantastic figure skating and ski jumping competitions. I watched the freestyle skiing, and like everyone else, I fell in love with those brave and talented athletes. I also became a huge fan of the mascot, Bing Dwen Dwen. And we shall not forget the amazing achievements in the 2008 Summer Olympics. I watched in wonder as Usain Bolt smiled his way across the finish line in the 100 metres, setting a new world record. Then I watched the drama of the shooting event. Du Li won her second Olympic gold medal, after the first one in 2004. Both were dramatic come-from-behind victories. Hosting two Olympics brought challenges but also opportunities to Beijing. Both Games showed China's success in its reform and opening-up on the world stage. China's great achievements have gained worldwide attention. In both events, many volunteers and citizens helped out. They worked with pride to ensure that people from around the world had a pleasant stay. Events like the Olympic Games build bridges between countries and form friendships between people. The purpose of the Olympics is to build relationships between people, to celebrate the Olympic spirit, and to bring people together for peace and harmony. This is shown in both the motto of the 2008 Olympics, "One World, One Dream", and the motto of the 2022 Olympics, "Together for a Shared Future". These mottos touch my heart quite deeply, as I'm sure they touch yours. Thank you for listening! 翻译 大家早上好！ 今天我想谈谈我最喜欢的体育赛事。其实我所说的 “赛事” 指两项：2008年夏季奥运会和2022年冬季奥运会。北京是全球首个既举办过夏奥又举办过冬奥的城市。 最近的是2022年冬奥会，近2900名运动员参与了7个大项109个小项的角逐，留下无数精彩瞬间。全世界几乎都观看了精彩的花样滑冰和跳台滑雪比赛。我看了自由式滑雪，和所有人一样，爱上了那些勇敢又有天赋的运动员，我也成了吉祥物冰墩墩的超级粉丝。 我们也不能忘记2008年夏奥会的辉煌成就。我惊叹地看着尤塞恩·博尔特微笑着冲过100米终点线，刷新世界纪录；还见证了射击比赛的戏剧性时刻——杜丽在2004年夺冠后，再次拿下奥运金牌，两场都是精彩的逆转胜利。 举办两届奥运会给北京带来了挑战，也带来了机遇。两届奥运都在世界舞台上展现了中国改革开放的成功，中国的伟大成就举世瞩目。两届赛事中，无数志愿者和市民倾力相助，满怀自豪地确保各国友人拥有愉快的体验。 奥运会这样的赛事搭建起国家间的桥梁，缔结人民间的友谊。奥运会的宗旨是增进人与人的联系，弘扬奥运精神，凝聚人心，共创和平与和谐。2008年奥运口号 “同一个世界，同一个梦想” 和2022年奥运口号 “一起向未来” 都诠释了这一理念。这些口号深深打动了我，相信也打动了你们。 谢谢大家的聆听！ Section B 3a原文P79 An Olympic Swimmer Who Nearly Drowned You may have never heard of my favourite athlete, Eric Moussambani, the first Olympic swimmer from Equatorial Guinea. Eric swam in the 100-metre freestyle at the 2000 Sydney Olympics. However, he had just begun swimming only eight months before the games! The only swimming pool for him was a hotel pool about 13 metres long, and even then he could only use it for an hour every morning. In fact, the first time he ever saw an Olympic-sized 50-metre swimming pool was at the Olympics. During his race, he swam well for the first 50 metres, but the last 15 metres of the race were especially difficult for him. In fact, it looked like he was going to drown! But he tried hard to finish the race and won loud cheers from the crowd. Though Eric Moussambani is not an Olympic medal winner, he is still my favourite athlete. He never gave up no matter how hard it was. With hard work and practice, Eric later became quite fast at the 100 metres. His time for the 100-metre event improved from 1 minute 52 seconds, his Olympic record, to under 57 seconds! He later became the coach of the national swimming team for Equatorial Guinea, and he is a true example of the Olympic spirit. 翻译 差点溺水的奥运游泳选手 你可能没听说过我最敬佩的运动员——埃里克·穆桑巴尼，他是赤道几内亚首位奥运游泳选手。 埃里克参加了2000年悉尼奥运会100米自由泳比赛。然而，他在奥运会前6个月才开始学游泳！他唯一能用的泳池是酒店里约13米长的小泳池，还只能每天早上用一小时。事实上，他第一次见到奥运标准的50米泳池，就是在奥运会赛场。 比赛中，他前50米游得不错，但最后15米异常艰难，看起来几乎要溺水了！但他拼尽全力完成比赛，赢得了观众的热烈欢呼。 虽然埃里克·穆桑巴尼没有获得奥运奖牌，但他依然是我最敬佩的运动员。无论多么艰难，他从未放弃。通过努力训练，埃里克后来100米游得非常快，成绩从奥运会时的1分52秒提升到57秒以内！他后来成为赤道几内亚国家游泳队教练，是真正的奥林匹克精神典范。 Reading Plus The Paralympics—Strength and Spirit Every two years, millions of people from around the world turn on their TVs to watch the Summer or Winter Olympic Games. However, did you know that a few weeks later, the same city hosts another major sports event—the Paralympic Games? The Paralympics is an international sports event for athletes with physical disabilities. The original idea came from a doctor named Ludwig Guttmann in England shortly after World War II. Guttmann was interested in improving the lives of soldiers dependent on wheelchairs. He therefore decided to arrange a sports competition between a small group of patients on the same day as the opening of the 1948 Olympic Games. This small event slowly grew, and in 1960 it became known as the first Paralympic Games. It was decided that from then on the Paralympics would be held in the same year and country as the Olympic Games. Nowadays, the Paralympic Games take place in the same cities as the Olympics and use the same venues a short time later. In the beginning, the Paralympics were open only to people in wheelchairs. However, in 1976, athletes with visual and other physical disabilities were included. Generally, athletes at the Paralympics only compete against others with the same kind of disability. Like the Olympics, the Paralympics have also produced many great heroes and champions, including Natalia Partyka, who was born without a right hand. She has competed in table tennis in the Olympics, and also in the Paralympics, where she has won gold medals. Some Paralympians are blind and need a guide to help them in racing events. For example, Chinese Paralympian Liu Cuiqing has won four gold medals with her guide, Xu Donglin. She won gold in the 400 metres and 4 × 100 m relay in 2016, and the 400 metres and 200 metres in 2021. The Paralympics' goal has always been to help those with disabilities to improve their physical health and bring them joy and purpose. The motto for the Olympic movement is "Faster, Higher, Stronger—Together". The Paralympic Games follow this motto, showing the amazing strength and spirit of athletes with physical disabilities. 残奥会——力量与精神 每隔两年，全球数百万人打开电视看夏季或冬季奥运会。可你知道吗，几周后，同一座城市还会办另一场大赛——残奥会？ 残奥会是面向身体残疾运动员的国际体育赛事。最初点子来自二战后不久英国一位叫路德维希·古特曼的医生。古特曼想改善靠轮椅的士兵生活。于是他决定在1948年奥运会开幕当天，安排一小批病人间搞场体育比赛。这小活动慢慢壮大，1960年被称为首届残奥会。决定从那以后残奥会同奥运同年度同国家办。如今残奥会在奥运同城办，稍后用同场馆。 起初残奥会只向坐轮椅者开放。但1976年起，视障和其他身体残疾运动员也纳入。一般残奥运动员只和同类残疾者比。 像奥运，残奥也出过许多英雄冠军，包括天生无右手的娜塔莉娅·帕尔蒂卡。她参加过奥运乒乓球，也参加残奥，拿过金牌。有些残奥选手失明，赛跑需向导帮。比如中国残奥选手刘翠青和向导徐东林拿过四金。她2016年拿400米和4×100米接力金，2021年拿400米和200米金。 残奥会目标一直是帮残疾者改善体能、带给他们快乐和目标。奥运格言是“更快、更高、更强——在一起”。残奥会循这格言，展现身体残疾运动员惊人的力量与精神。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $