上海复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期辅导练习10英语试卷

2026届高三辅导练习（10） 2025.11 I. Listening Comprehension Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. Use a ladder to help her reach the cup. B. See a doctor about her shoulder. C. Put the cup on a lower shelf. D. Buy a new cupboard. 2. A. He has already called Harry. B. Harry knows most of the facts. C. He needs to talk to Harry soon. D. Harry doesn’t have a telephone. 3. A. The new doctor lacks experience. B. She disagrees with what the man said. C. The man had better talk with the patients first. D. Patients usually cannot offer a fair evaluation. 4. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things. C. Find out when the next bus leaves. D. Show the man the way to the station. 5. A. He was good at fixing up bookshelves. B. He helped James build up the furniture. C. James helped him arrange the furniture. D. James helped him with some of the work. 6. A. It’s difficult to take photographs indoors. B. The photo album is in the living room. C. Mary has lost the photo album. D. Mary is a good photographer. 7. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse. B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her. C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues. D. She refused the position because of the low salary. 8. A. He had to do what is necessary in order to learn. B. He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary. C. He knows the whole vocabulary list already. D. He cannot learn much by just memorizing. 9. A. It’s not the one he likes. B. He needs a smaller shirt. C. It doesn’t fit him very well. D. He hasn’t had time to try it on yet. 10. A. The line for concert tickets is too busy. B. He’s too busy to go to the concert. C. Carl knows the concert is at eight. D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl. Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. In the 19th century. B. In about 1800s. C. In the 18th century. D. In about 2400 BC. 12. A. The language used. B. The targeted readers. C. The reputation. D. The length. 13. A. The evolution of self-study books. B. The importance of self-study books. C. The difference among self-study books. D. The famous writers of self-study books. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage. 14. A. The reasons railroad regulations in the U.S.A were changed. B. The safety record of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. C. The financing of railroad construction in the U.S.A. D. The evolution of the railroad industry in the U.S.A. 15. A. Safety problems with railroad tracks. B. The growth of the automotive industry. C. The use of oversized freight containers. D. The high cost of meeting various regulations. 16. A. It causes less air pollution than other means of transport. B. Its competitors are less considerate of customers. C. It creates great personal fortunes for investors. D. Its business is kept in a traditional way. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. 17. A. To earn money for her tuition. B. To make her dream come true. C. To make preparations for her future job. D. To ensure that she has time for acting work 18. A. Serious. B. Funny. C. Experienced. D. Demanding. 19. A. It involves many theories. B. He must get an advanced camera. C. He hasn’t learned physics before. D. It occupies much of his spare time. 20. A. He is more willing to do something. B. He has stopped working late. C. He can go to sleep early. D. He feels more relaxed. II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Everywhere I look, there are new buildings under construction. The neighborhoods that I knew as a boy, filled with beautiful old buildings, have mostly disappeared, and (21) _____ their place, anonymous, modern, high-rise buildings have appeared. If we continue in this way, nothing (22) _____ (remain) of our heritage; soon I will no longer recognize my city. (23) _____ is left of the city’s traditional buildings and neighborhoods must be preserved and it is imperative that this process begins now. Historic preservation has become popular all over the world in recent years, but many countries around the world have opted for demolition and new construction over preservation. There is good reason for this: as the population has become (24) _____ (wealthy), residents want all the conveniences of modern living. However, the built environment should be more than shiny new buildings with air conditioning and washing machines; it should also reflect the beauty of our culture and heritage. How (25) _____ our children understand and maintain their cultural identity if we erase so much of the physical evidence of (26) _____? Will they recognize a barjeel, the wind towers (27) _____ once provided natural air conditioning for buildings all over the region? Will they understand the significance of mashrabiyas, the delicately carved wooden windows that provide a screen against the outside world? No (28) _____ they are all here to stay. The arguments for preserving historic buildings are not simply about an emotional attachment to the past. There are also good economic arguments in favour of preservation. The renovation and preservation of historic districts can become an economic engine, (29) _____ (draw) tourists and small businesses to the area. There are several good examples of this in the Middle East. In Dubai, the historic Al Bastikiya district draws thousands of tourists every year from all over the world. It also attracts local residents, eager to learn about their city’s past. It has beautifully been restored and is now a centre for traditional crafts, (30) _____ _____ rug weaving and basket making. International visitors are not only interested in shopping centres; they also want to learn about our culture and traditions like these. Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. serve B. affects C. measure D. swallow AB. locate AC. snap AD. roughly BC. hammer BD. turns CD. level ABC. outweigh People joke about asking horses, “Why the long face?” We should redirect this question to hammerhead sharks. Their famous head extensions, called cephalofolis (头翼), (31) _____ three feet from eye to eye in a certain case. And scientists are still trying to find out exactly what purposes they (32) _____. A study published in Scientific Reports has explored how the sharks’ strangely shaped head (33) _____ how they swim. The researchers found, it did not seem to generate lift (提升力). In fact, it added a lot of drag (阻力), according to Glenn R. Parsons, a shark specialist at the University of Mississippi and one of the new paper’s authors. Some hammerheads may need to use (34) _____ 10 times as much force as other sharks just to get through the water. There are some benefits to having a hammer for a head. Most experts agree that the widely spaced eyes, nostrils and electroreceptors (电感受器) enabled by the cephalofoli’s shape allow the hunters to more accurately (35) _____ their prey. The heads can also serve as weapons. Biologists have observed a female use her head to (36) _____ a stingray (黄貂鱼) But you have to wonder what it’s like to swim around with that thing. In his more than 40 years of shark watching, Dr. Parsons has noticed that hammerheads are particularly nimble. “They make these real quick (37) _____,” he said. Maybe, he thought, the head shape improved maneuverability. Or perhaps it helps them fight gravity by providing lift, like an airplane wing. To investigate, Dr. Parsons and his colleagues turned to computational fluid dynamics (计算流体动力学) — a method familiar to aircraft and submarine designers. When a hammerhead’s cephalofoli was (38) _____ — as is typical when they are swimming — it did not generate lift, the researchers found. But as soon as the cephalofoli was tipped up or down, the force quickly came into play, enabling a rapid ascent or descent. This may help to explain why hammerheads are “much more mobile than a typical shark,” said Dr. Parsons. He thinks the skill may help them (39) _____ up food from the sea floor. The researchers also measured how much drag the cephalofolis produced. The winghead shark, which has the largest hammer, appears to be dealing with “20 to 40 times the amount of drag” as a typical fish, Dr. Parsons said. Such a head, he added, seems like “a pain in the butt,” although the benefits it provides must (40) _____ the costs. III. Reading Comprehension Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Doctors are scientists who operate in a world of statistics, odds and probability. Yet they’ve long been taught that when dealing with patients they should convey a reassuring level of confidence and certainty. (41) ______, patients expect their doctors to give them a clear diagnosis and a straightforward course of treatment. But now that information about every medical condition imaginable is just a few clicks away, experts are asking whether doctors’ apparent (42) ______ when communicating with their patients actually does more harm than good. With the information overload brought by the progress of medicine and technology answers are (43) ______ black or white. Medical schools are only just starting to teach doctors how to deal with this, and patients’ expectations haven’t (44) ______, either. “Medicine has always fallen short of the sort of certainty that we find in math and geometry”, says Dr. Ross Upshur, a researcher at the Dalla Lana School of Public Health in Toronto. “If you think about knowledge and what it does, it’s about (45) ______ uncertainty, not about creating certainty.” Doctors in training, like gamblers, need to be (46) ______ working in a field in which they’re constantly weighing the odds based on a myriad of factors. When Upshur teaches medical students how to diagnose an ailment, he tells them to (47) ______ their inquiry — come up with a list of possibilities, rather than quickly home in on a single solution. “Even when you make a diagnosis that you think is firm, you usually don’t have certainty about what would be the best (48) ______ and what the outcomes will be in the long run.” Technology has helped (49) ______ the quest for certainty. We are reaching a point where we can feed a list of symptoms into a computer and get a more (50) ______ diagnosis than from a doctor. Dr. Richard Schwartzstein, a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, sees such developments as both a(n) (51) ______ and an opportunity. On one hand, he says, “technology tries to push you to a(n) (52) ______ level of certainty. Do this test to get a 99 percent level of certainty that you have this disease.” On the other hand, computers can’t (53) ______ a diagnosis or a treatment to patients in a comforting way. Take a routine screening test for early-stage lung cancer. Based on your age, your smoking status, and your gender, a computer can do a great job of evaluating the chances of finding a cancerous nodule (癌症结节). It can also (54) ______ quite precisely the risk of developing an actual cancer based on the size and shape of a nodule. What it can’t do, however, is decide how to (55) ______ the news that you have a nodule in your lung that has a 1 percent chance of becoming a cancer. 41. A. On one hand B. All in all C. As a result D. Above all 42. A. hesitation B. conviction C. confusion D. certainty 43. A. frequently B. generally C. rarely D. barely 44. A. alerted B. vanished C. faded D. adjusted 45. A. limiting B. gathering C. ignoring D. increasing 46. A. resistant to B. reluctant to C. accustomed to D. inclined to 47. A. narrow B. justify C. clarify D. broaden 48. A. healing B. cure C. diagnosis D. defense 49. A. enlighten B. redefine C. hinder D. complicate 50. A. accurate B. straightforward C. vague D. effective 51. A. challenge B. push C. stretch D. endurance 52. A. stable B. maximal C. favorable D. ultimate 53. A. keep B. confine C. communicate D. indicate 54. A. conclude B. estimate C. project D. calculate 55. A. break B. report C. inform D. interpret Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. （A） One day last summer, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she’s had an iPhone since she was 11. We chatted about her favourite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?,” I asked, recalling my own middle-school days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them.” Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, the smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. She told me she’d spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That’s just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t have a choice to know any life without iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.” I’ve been researching generational differences for 25 years. Typically, the characteristics that come to define a generation appear gradually, and along a continuum. Beliefs and behaviors that were already rising simply continue to do so. Millennials, for instance, are a highly individualistic generation, but individualism had been increasing since the Baby Boomers turned on, tuned in, and dropped out. I had grown accustomed to line graphs of trends that looked like modest hills and valleys. Then I began studying Athena’s generation. Around 2012, I noticed sudden shifts in teen behaviors and emotional states. The gentle slopes of the line graphs became steep mountains and cliffs, and many of the distinctive characteristics of the Millennial generation began to disappear. In all my analyses of generational data — some reaching back to the 1930s — I had never seen anything like it. At first I thought these might be blips, but the trends persisted, across several years and a series of national surveys. The changes weren’t just in degree, but in kind. The biggest difference between the Millennials and their predecessors was in how they viewed the world; teens today differ from the Millennials not just in their views but in how they spend their time. The experiences they have every day are greatly different from those of the generation that came of age just a few years before them. 56. According to the passage, how are Athena and her friends different from the teens of the writer’s generation? A. They do less shopping. B. They are better at taking pictures. C. They go out with friends less often. D. They get along better with their parents. 57. Which of the following graphs best illustrates the writer’s description in second sentence of paragraph 4? A. B. C. D. 58. The word “blips” (in paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to “______”. A. generational differences B. inevitable trends C. large-scale shifts D. temporary changes 59. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? A. Smartphones generally do more harm than good to teenagers. B. There is a fundamental difference between today’s teens and the millennials. C. Teen behaviors and emotional states are harder to predict than those of other age groups. D. Individualism emerged and disappeared as the Baby Boomers turned on and dropped out. （B） Top Apps for Climate Activists The world population is at 7 billion and it’s predicted that by the end of this year there will be one smartphone for every five people in the world. That’s a lot of phones and a lot of information literally at our fingertips. Information is constantly changing and those of us working hard to protect the environment for ourselves and future generations need to have access to up-to-date material. Being a climate change activist can be time consuming. But…There’s an app (or ten) for that! The number of apps out there is staggering. With these apps you’ll be amazed at how easy it is to stay in the know when it comes to your health, and the health of the environment. Carbon Emissions Calculator for Air Travel (iOS-Free) This app allows passengers to estimate the carbon emissions attributed to their air travel. It is simple to use — just select your origin and destination airports, specify the class of travel and number of passengers. View the carbon footprint and the distance traveled for your trip. Fooducate (iOS and Android-$ 4.99) This app empowers food shoppers everywhere to make healthy, informed decisions while at the supermarket. Scan your food and Fooducate generates a letter grade (A, B, C, or D) for each product scanned, along with brief explanations and warnings about its nutrients and ingredients. There is also an option to enter the bar code manually. The app will recommend minimally processed, real foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. Locavore (iOS and Android-Free) If you’re looking for the closest farmers market selling your favorite in season produce, then Locavore is the app for you. Locavore is a great app for those searching for local, in season, organic foods in your area. The app has one-click access to thousands of healthy, seasonal recipes and other information that can be shared with your friends and family. I like how the app not only lets you know which fruits and veggies are in season-it also lets you know how long they’ll be in season. Zimride (iOS and Android-Free) Ridesharing apps are all the rage. Zimride is a new spin on ridesharing, using social networks to enable real connections. Once you set up a profile you are able to book a ride in your area, or post a ride of your own. Drivers can charge for rides and Zimride doesn’t take a cut. Rides seem to be reasonably priced and since profiles are linked with Facebook it’s easy to check out your potential ride companions. 60. According to this text, the author recommends APPs because ________. A. those APPs could help people gain the up-to-date material B. those APPs could forecast the changing climate accurately C. those APPs are designed to protect the environment for us D. those APPs are free for those people who have a designated phone 61. Suppose you are committed to a sustainable diet by consuming locally sourced, seasonal produce, which Apps should you download? A. Carbon Emission Calculator for Air Travel and Zimride B. Fooducate and Zimride C. Locavore and Fooducate D. Zimride and Locavore 62. Which of the following is true about the APPs mentioned in this passage? A. Carbon Emissions Calculator for Air Travel could calculate the accurate carbon emissions of passengers. B. Locavore can not only tell us which fruits and meat are in season, it also tells us how long they’ll be in season. C. Zimride will charge for rides and then take a cut and the rest belongs to drivers. D. Fooducate will recommend minimally processed foods which are naturally rich in nutrients and antioxidants. （C） Business innovation is an organization’s process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology in new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation, whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea. Business innovation should improve one existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits. Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage: it should help the organization to grow and reach — or, better still, exceed — strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are hardly interchangeable. An invention is an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way, or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference, consider this: The telephone is an invention, but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model. This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that leads to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or, similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, has both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative side that the business innovation process can be a costly undertaking that does not always produce a return on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 63. What is the fundamental purpose of business innovation? A. To generate a vast number of creative ideas through brainstorming. B. To make more profits by replacing existing business models. C. To facilitate the invention of entirely new products and services. D. To enhance the company’s overall value and competitive position. 64. According to the passage, which of the following options is an example of innovation? A. The development of a ride-hailing APP. B. The discovery of penicillin. C. The creation of the first electric light bulb. D. The scientific formulation of the theory of General Relativity. 65. Based on the passage, which of the following statements is true? A. Revolutionary innovation is risky while evolutionary innovation is safe. B. Disruptive innovation is a separate category contrary to revolutionary innovation. C. Evolutionary innovation focuses on the creation of new products. D. The difference between revolutionary and evolutionary innovation lies in the scale of impact. 66. What is the author’s attitude towards business innovation? A. Critically skeptical. B. Guardedly optimistic. C. Unreservedly enthusiastic. D. Academically detached. Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. The zero-plastic drive also produced a series of unintended consequences. B. So far it has cut or eliminated plastic on dozens of its products — from fish and chicken to apples and berries — but executives say they may not achieve the target in time. C. But sales of paper banded bananas are “significantly down” compared to the same product when it is placed in a plastic bag. D. Removing plastic packaging is particularly tricky for a number of products. AB. Yet that is what happened when Iceland Foods Ltd. started selling steak in recyclable paper trays. AC. For now, Iceland Foods is absorbing the extra expense of swapping in paper for plastic. When one of the best-known supermarket chains in the UK decided to remove plastics from its products, it hadn’t expected an increase in shoplifting. (67) ________ Some customers bent the pliable containers in half and stuffed them down their trousers, executives said. Such theft wasn’t as easy when the steaks came wrapped in more rigid plastic packaging. Iceland Foods, a frozen-food-focused grocer that has roughly 1,000 stores across the UK, is struggling with a number of unexpected challenges as it races to meet a self-imposed target of removing single-use plastic for its hundreds of store-brand products by the end of next year. (68) ________ Removing plastic packaging from food can be exceptionally hard. A surge in demand for plastic-wrapped food during the pandemic is making this objective even harder. More expensive paper packaging is causing trouble at a time of rampant inflation, particularly because Iceland Foods typically caters to more price-sensitive consumers. (69) ________ When Iceland Foods wrapped bananas in paper bands instead of plastic bags, the fruit rotted more quickly or snapped off. When it packed bread in opaque paper bags, sales fell as shoppers balked at (畏缩) buying something they couldn’t see. Iceland Foods then shifted to running tests with banana suppliers in the Caribbean that agreed to change machinery to apply paper bands. To limit how much the bananas are touched and bruised, suppliers put the banded fruit in plastic-lined cardboard boxed that are shipped to UK ripening centers. When they finally arrive at Iceland Foods’ stores, the same boxes are lifted onto shelves, leaving the fruit untouched. (70) ________ Mr. Lendrum said Iceland Foods isn’t sure why. Still, he believes customers will get used to the new format over time. “We haven’t given up,” he said. “You’re trialing this stuff against plastic that has been operating at scale for 30 to 40 years and has been optimized to perfection. You have to invest if you want to change thing.” IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Do Weird People Make Better Artists? In one published experiment (there was a whole series of them), the participants were shown one of two pictures of an imaginary artist called Stefansson. One was an ordinary-looking male in his twenties, while the other was a man of the same age who “had long hair” and “had not shaved for several days.” The results were interesting. The people who are shown the untidy Stefansson like this wild unconventional art, more than those who were shown the clear-shaven, suit-wearing Stefansson. The researchers say this preference is due to our desire for “sincerity” in an artist. What they mean by “sincerity” is that an artist’s style and appearance should go together. It sounds like a noble idea, but in fact, a huge body of great art, literature, and music was created by artists who did not look weird. Are we supposed to label these works boring and insincere? If so, we would miss an awful lot of classic works, like Bach’s musical compositions and Shakespeare’s poems. We are too much in love with the unconventional forms of art and the unconventional types that produce them. It is a strange sort of blindness to the fact that a lot of good art has been produced by people who were models of conventionality. Wesley Kant, a leading figure of abstract art, and Eric Cooper, pioneer of musical modernism, both dressed like bankers, Larry White, one of the founders of literary modernism, set out to look perfectly colorless in his suit and hat, just so he could fade into the background. It is the gap between their boring appearance and their wild inner world that makes these creators so attractive. So as we explore the vast landscape of artistic expression, let us not be blinded by the charm of the weird. V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．他不小心被工地上的电缆绊倒了。(trip v.) 2．根据公司规定，工作满五年的员工有权享受带薪年假，这让他们感到心安理得。(entitle) 3．那段痛苦的经历让这位学者清楚地意识到详细的计划只能通过日复一日的行动和选择来实现。(clear) 4．当他们开始新的冒险时，他们希望旅途一帆风顺，每一个挑战都能轻松应对，每一个目标都能不费吹灰之力地实现。(where) VI. An Additional Cloze （15分） The misery of my bike commute in Calgary, Alberta, is the river valley hill. It’s not particularly steep, but at about a mile long, I rarely climbed up without arriving with sweat. Studies have shown the prospect of arriving at work sweaty is one of the biggest (71) ______ to getting would-be bike commuters out of their cars. That’s especially true in a city like Los Angeles, where riders may face long routes, hills or hot streets with a lack of (72) ______. “Pedelec”, or pedal electric-assisted bikes like the one I rode, can end that worry. They look and act like traditional bicycles, but their motors make pedaling much easier when required. Sometimes called the most energy-efficient motorized mode of transportation ever built, they’re also incredibly green. The biggest barrier may be the outdated attitude that sees bikes only as a(n) (73) ______ athletic opportunity rather than a practical transportation option. At a time when cities across North America are struggling to combat crippling traffic and reduce climate emissions, e-bikes have the (74) ______ to ease both the problems. And yet ridership has yet to truly (75) ______. About 152,000 e-bikes were sold last year in the U.S., a figure that would be more than 5 million if Americans used them at the same rate as western Europeans. Many of the barriers to e-bike (76) ______ in North America are legislative. Patchwork rules treat e-bikes more like mopeds than traditional pedal bikes in some jurisdictions, meaning they are (77) ______ from bike lanes and from boarding public transportation. Few places on the continent, however, are better (78) ______ to break through barriers than California. Legislation was approved last year to encourage e-bike use, by legally differentiating the cycles from mopeds. In an attempt to head off worries about turbocharged machines flying down sidewalks and bike lanes at unsafe speeds, the law classifies bikes into different tiers to (79) ______ lower-speed e-bikes, which top out at 20 mph, from faster-moving “speed pedelecs”, which are restricted from protected bike paths. Amid these legislative (80) ______, e-bikes have become more accessible to consumers. Finding them in bike shops isn’t as (81) ______ as it once was, and their cost has fallen as the price of lithium-ion batteries has dropped. Today, a decent e-bike, while still (82) ______, is comparable in price to a high-end mountain bike. After years of (83) ______ over mixing pedal and motor power, cycling advocacy organizations also are finally throwing their support behind e-bikes. Dave Snyder, the executive director of the California Bicycle Coalition, (84) ______ the state’s new legislation based partly on the (85) ______ that e-bikes help out those who “just can’t ride as far or as fast as they need to”. 71. A. drawbacks B. avenues C. barriers D. complements 72. A. shade B. coverage C. pause D. shadow 73. A. amusing B. theoretical C. idealistic D. recreational 74. A. advantage B. potential C. qualification D. capability 75. A. make out B. head off C. bring about D. take off 76. A. adaptation B. adoption C. adjustment D. justification 77. A. proved B. isolated C. banned D. authorized 78. A. positioned B. posed C. located D. posted 79. A. distract B. withdraw C. separate D. disengage 80. A. prejudices B. benefits C. limits D. rewards 81. A. challenging B. demanding C. critical D. difficult 82. A. dear B. tempting C. innovative D. distinctive 83. A. anxiety B. concern C. trouble D. preference 84. A. favored B. rejected C. declined D. weighed 85. A. proposal B. advice C. remark D. ground 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $