Unit 4 Exploring Literature-Grammar and usage 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修二Unit 4情态动词语法，通过引导学生观察课文原句分析黑体部分情态动词含义，搭建从语境感知到用法归纳的学习支架，系统梳理can/could、may/might等情态动词的基础用法及虚拟语气中“情态动词+have done”结构，衔接基础语法与高考应用。 资料以“观察-归纳-应用”为主线，通过高考做题快速区分口诀强化推测与虚拟语气的判断逻辑，分层设计课堂与课后练习，助力学生提升语言应用能力和思维辨析品质，同时培养自主归纳与高效解题的学习能力，符合新课标对语法教学的核心素养要求。

必修二语法合集 Unit 4 语法 情态动词 观察以下课文原句并说出黑体部分情态动词的意思。 1. “What shall I read?” 2. You might have asked yourself this question more than once. 3. If you are not sure what to read, you can get ideas from different sources. 4. Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily. 5. You could also read book reviews in newspapers, in magazines or online. 6. These ideas should point you in the right direction. 7. However, you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. 8. You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it. 9. Over time, you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste… 归纳总结： 情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化(have to除外)；一般不能单独使用，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语，但在省略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词有can(could)，may(might)，must，have to，shall(should)，will(would)，dare(dared)，need(needed)，ought to等。 [归纳用法] 一、can、could 1. 表示能力。can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力。 2. 表示请求许可。could语气比can更委婉。 3. 表示客观可能性。 4. 表示推测时，can只用于否定句和疑问句, can’t 意为不可能，could可用于各种句式中。can表示推测的可能性比could大。 二、may、might 1. 表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，并不是过去式。否定回答时可用can't或mustn't，表示“不可以，禁止”。用May I. ..？征询对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I. ..？在口语中更常见。 2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 3. 表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 三、must、have to 1. 表示必须、必要。在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn't (禁止，不准)，而用needn't或don't have to (不必)。 2. must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。 3. 表示推测、可能性(用于肯定的陈述句)。 四、shall、should 1. shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见。 2.法律、条文、规章制度，表示强制、规定“必须，应当。 五、will、would 1. 表示请求、建议等，其中would更委婉。 2. will表示现在反复发生的动作或某种倾向，would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”之意。 六、should、ought to 1. should，ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 2. 表示推测。should，ought to为客观推测，must为主观推测。 七、在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成时，主句中则用“情态动词＋现在完成时”，即would/could/should/might have done。 1. should have done：本应该做（实际没做，带有责备） You should have told me the truth. 你本应该告诉我真相（但你没说）。 2. shouldn’t have done：本不该做（实际做了） You shouldn’t have lied to me. 你本不该对我撒谎。 3. could have done：本可以做（却没做） You could have helped him, but you didn’t. 你本可以帮他，但你没有。 4. might have done：本或许可以（可能性更小） He might have attended the meeting, but he was ill. 他本或许能参会，但是生病了。 5. would have done：本来会做（事实没发生，常用于if虚拟主句） If you had come yesterday, I would have helped you. 如果你昨天来了，我本会帮你的。 6. 对现在 / 将来虚拟：情态动词 + do If I were you, I would take the chance. 如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会。 7. 特殊句型 suggest 表明、暗示/ advise / demand / require + that sb (should) do 宾语从句虚拟，should可省 He suggested that we (should) make full use of time. 他建议我们充分利用时间。 八、总结高考做题快速区分口诀 1. 表推测：看证据！ 有客观证据 → must have done / can’t have done； 没有十足证据 → may/might have done。 2. 虚拟语气：看事实！ 事情已经发生，但实际“本应该/本可以却没做” → 用 情态动词 + have done。 3. must 表推测无否定；否定推测一律用 can’t / couldn’t。 课堂练习。 1. You have to ___________(think) through what might happen before you make a decision. 2. — It’s nearly a quarter to eight. Beth hasn’t turned up yet. — She____________have forgotten the time. 3. People ___________ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving. 4. Mary has gone to Guangzhou, so she ____________ be in Shenzhen at present. 5. I ____________finish reading the book tomorrow, but I am not sure about it. 6. The magazine ____________ be Lucy’s. We can see her name on the cover. 7. You ought ____________(apologize) to her for your rude words. 8. Parents ____________put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe. 9. You____________ not take her help for granted, especially as she’s always quick to lend a hand. 10. According to the factory safety rules, all accidents ____________ be reported to the safety officer. 11. The workers demanded that their pay____________ (raise) at once. 12. The ground is all wet. It _______________ (rain) last night. 13. He_______________ (attend) the meeting yesterday, for he was abroad then. 14. You_______________ (tell) me about the problem earlier, but you kept silent. 15. She isn’t here. She _______________ (miss) the bus, but I’m not quite sure. 16. If I __________ (be) you, I _______________ (take) this valuable chance. 课后练习 1． 单句语法填空。 1. You ought___________(respect) the old generation regardless of their mistakes. 2. The light in his office is still on. He___________ (work) overtime now. 3. That___________(be) Mr. Wang. He has gone abroad on business. 4. It isn’t decided yet. He___________(arrive) this afternoon, but we are not certain. 5. All competitors ___________(obey) the competition rules according to the notice. 6. The road is muddy. It _________________ (rain) heavily last night. 7. If you had taken my advice then, you _________________ (avoid) such a terrible mistake. ) 8. He _________________ (complete) the task yesterday, because he was occupied with(被...占据) another project the whole day. 9. If I __________(be) in your position, I ______________(catch) the precious opportunity. 10. The workers demanded that their working conditions______________ (improve) without delay. 11. You______________(make) full use of your spare time to read more classic books. 12. You_________________(remind) me of the meeting, but you forgot it. 13. Since the public transport was out of service, we_________________(walk) home last night. 14. The window is open. He_________________(forget) to close it yesterday. 15. He _________________ (attend) the lecture last night, for he was abroad then. 16. He suggested that we______________ (set) aside some time for physical exercise every week. 2． 完成句子。 1. Michael ______________________ (不可能是一个警察), for he is much too stupid. 2. Although ______________________________ (这听起来可能像一个简单的任务), great care is needed. 3. ________________________________ (肯定有人打开了笼子). The dog couldn't have escaped on its own. 4. He can ride a bike now, but ________________________ (几周前他不会)． 5. I can't find my keys. I ________________________________ (可能把它们落在学校了) yesterday. 6. __________________________ (这里曾有一座寺庙), but now there are only high buildings. 三.语法填空。 Regular exercise can be ___36___ (benefit) to you both physically and mentally. First, it can lengthen your heart and lung ___37___ efficiency will be greatly increased, thus ___38___ (result) in better immune systems and lower risk of disease. Second, exercise can help reduce stress and even improve certain brain ___39___ (function). Though regular exercise has so many strengths, there are several items ___40___ (consider) before and after exercise. To start with, you should consider ___41___ you expect to improve, for different kinds of activities have different functions for different parts of our bodies. Above all, we should take the kind of activity that ___42___ (interest) us most. Only in this way can you stick to it. People diet is also efficient for your exercise. You should take in more foods that contain carbohydrates and rich ___43___ protein at the right time. And don’t forget to drink water during exercise to make up for water loss. Last but not least, do wear proper clothes and equipment to avoid injuring ___44___ (you). At the beginning you should take small and slow exercise and ___45___ (gradual) take heavier exercise. Remember to warm up before exercise and stretch at the end of it 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $必修二语法合集 Unit4语法情态动词 观察以下课文原句并说出黑体部分情态动词的意思。 1."What shall I read?" shall用于一、三人称疑问句，提出建议 2.You might have asked yourself this question more than once. might have done对过去事情的推测：过去或许已经做过 3.If you are not sure what to read,you can get ideas from different sources. can能够，可以 4.Teachers in particular can provide suggestions for interesting reading materials that can be found in the library or bookshop easily can表能力，能够 5.You could also read book reviews in newspapers,in magazines or online. could比can语气委婉，可以、不妨 6.These ideas should point you in the right direction. should应该 7.However,you must also decide for yourself what kind of books to read. must必须 8.You do not have to read a book just because everyone recommends it. have to的否定：don't have to=needn't不必（must't禁止) 9.Over time,you may find yourself better able to seek out books to your taste... may可能、也许 归纳总结： 情态动词作为谓语的一部分，无人称和数的变化have to除外)：一般不能单 独使用，要与谓语动词构成完整谓语，但在省略回答时，可单独使用。情态动词 can(could),may(might),must,have to,shall(should),will(would),dare(dared), need(needed),ought to等。 [归纳用法] 一、can、could l.表示能力。can表示现在的能力，cold表示过去的能力。 2.表示请求许可。could语气比cam更委婉。 3.表示客观可能性。 4.表示推测时，can只用于否定句和疑问句，cant意为不可能，cold可用 于各种句式中。ca表示推测的可能性比cold大。 二、may、might 1.表示请求和允许。might比may语气更委婉，并不是过去式。否定回答时 可用can't或mustn't,表示c不可以，禁止”。用MayI..？征询对方许可时比较正 式和客气，而用CanI..?在口语中更常见。 2.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 3.表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。ght不是过去式，它所表示的可能 性比may小。 三、must、have to 1.表示必须、必要。在回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用 mustn't(禁止，不准)，而用needn't或don't have to(不必)： 2.must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。 3.表示推测、可能性（用于肯定的陈述句）。 四、shall、should 1.hal1用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见。 2法律、条文、规章制度，表示强制、规定必须，应当。 五、will、would 1.表示请求、建议等，其中wold更委婉。 2.will表示现在反复发生的动作或某种倾向，wold表示过去反复发生的动 作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有现已无此习惯 之意。 六、should、ought to 1.should,ought to表示应该，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 2.表示推测。hold,ought to为客观推测，must为主观推测。 七、在虚拟条件句中，如果表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句中用过去完成 时，主句中则用情态动词+现在完成时，即would/could/should/might have done。 l.should have done:本应该做（实际没做，带有责备） You should have told me the truth 你本应该告诉我真相（但你没说）。 2.shouldn't have done:本不该做（实际做了) You shouldn't have lied to me.你本不该对我撒谎。 3.could have done:本可以做（却没做） You could have helped him,but you didn't. 你本可以帮他，但你没有。 4.might have done:本或许可以（可能性更小) He might have attended the meeting,but he was ill. 他本或许能参会，但是生病了。 5.would have done:本来会做（事实没发生，常用于if虚拟主句） If you had come yesterday,I would have helped you. 如果你昨天来了，我本会帮你的。 6.对现在/将来虚拟：情态动词+do If I were you,I would take the chance. 如果我是你，我会抓住这个机会。 7.特殊句型 suggest表明、暗示/advise/demand/require+that sb(should)do宾语从 句虚拟，should可省 He suggested that we(should)make full use of time. 他建议我们充分利用时间。 八、总结高考做题快速区分口诀 1.表推测：看证据！ 有客观证据→must have done/can't have done; 没有十足证据→may/might have done。 2.虚拟语气：看事实！ 事情已经发生，但实际本应该/本可以却没做？→用情态动词+have done。 3.must表推测无否定；否定推测一律用can't/couldn't。 课堂练习。 1.You have to think (think)through what might happen before you make a decision. 2. -It's nearly a quarter to eight.Beth hasn't turned up yet. -She can/could/may/might have forgotten the time 3.People mustn't talk on a mobile phone while they are driving. 4.Mary has gone to Guangzhou,so she can't/cannot be in Shenzhen at present. 5.I may/might finish reading the book tomorrow,but I am not sure about it. 6. The magazine must be Lucy's.We can see her name on the cover. 7.You ought to apologize(apologize)to her for your rude words 8.Parents should put the things like knives and medicine away in the house to keep children safe. 9.You should not take her help for granted,especially as she's always quick to lend a hand. 10.According to the factory safety rules,all accidents shall be reported to the safety officer. 11.The workers demanded that their pay should raise (raise)at once. 12.The ground is all wet.It must have rained (rain)last night. 13.He can't have attended (attend)the meeting yesterday,for he was abroad then. 14.You should have told (tell)me about the problem earlier,but you kept silent 15.She isn't here.She may/might have missed (miss)the bus,but I'm not quite sure. 16.IfI were (be)you,I would take (take)this valuable chance. 课后练习 一， 单句语法填空。 1.You ought to respect (respect)the old generation regardless of their mistakes 2.The light in his office is still on.He must work (work)overtime now. 3.That can't (be)Mr.Wang.He has gone abroad on business 4.It isn't decided yet.He may/might arrive (arrive)this afternoon,but we are not certain 5.All competitors shall obey (obey)the competition rules according to the notice 6.The road is muddy.It must have rained (rain)heavily last night 7.If you had taken my advice then,you would have avoided (avoid)such a terrible mistake. 8.He (can't have completed (complete)the task yesterday,because he was occupied with(被..占据)another project the whole day. 9.If I were(be)in your position,I would catch (catch)the precious opportunity 10.The workers demanded that their working conditions should improve (improve)without delay 11.You should make (make)full use of your spare time to read more classic books 12.You should have reminded (remind)me of the meeting,but you forgot it. 13.Since the public transport was out of service,we have to walk (walk) home last night. 14.The window is open.He must have forgotten (forget)to close it yesterday. 15.He can't have attended (attend)the lecture last night,for he was abroad then. 16.He suggested that we should set (set)aside some time for physical exercise every week. 二.完成句子。 1.Michael (不可能是一个警察)，for he is much too stupid. 2.Although (这听起来可能像一个简单的任 务)，great care is needed, 3. (肯定有人打开了笼子).The dog couldn't have escaped on its own. 4.He can ride a bike now,but 几周前他不会)： 5.I can't find my keys.I (可能把它们落在 学校了)yesterday. 6. (这里曾有一座寺庙)，but now there are only high buildings. 1.can't be a policeman 2.this may sound like a simple task 3.Someone must have opened the cage 4.he couldn't a few weeks ago 5.might/may have left them at the school 6.There used to be a temple 三语法填空。 Regular exercise can be 36(benefit)to you both physically and mentally First,it can lengthen your heart and lung 37 efficiency will be greatly increased,thus 38 (result)in better immune systems and lower risk of disease. Second,exercise can help reduce stress and even improve certain brain 39 (function). Though regular exercise has so many strengths,there are several items 40 (consider)before and after exercise.To start with,you should consider 41 you expect to improve,for different kinds of activities have different functions for different parts of our bodies.Above all,we should take the kind of activity that 42 (interest)us most.Only in this way can you stick to it. People diet is also efficient for your exercise.You should take in more foods that contain carbohydrates and rich 43 protein at the right time.And don't forget to drink water during exercise to make up for water loss. Last but not least,do wear proper clothes and equipment to avoid injuring _44(you).At the beginning you should take small and slow exercise and 45(gradual)take heavier exercise.Remember to warm up before exercise and stretch at the end ofit 【答案】36.beneficial 37 whose 38.resulting 39.functions 40.to consider 41.what 42.interests 43.in 44.yourself##yourselves 45.gradually 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了经常锻炼对你的身心都有好处，在开始进 行锻炼时需要注意一些事项保证安全和效率。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：经常锻炼对你的身心都有好处。根据Regular exercise can be 可知，此处是指对你的身心都有好处，应用形容词beneficial有益的”，作表语。 故填beneficial。 【37题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：首先，它可以延长你的心脏和肺，其效率将大大提高，从 而产生更好的免疫系统和降低疾病的风险。此处是限定性定语从句，且ef伍ciency 和先行词your heart and lung构成所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose:. 【38题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，它可以延长你的心脏和肺，其效率将大大提高， 从而产生更好的免疫系统和降低疾病的风险。动词短语result in意为导致”，和 句子构成主动关系，且空格处和谓语之间没有连词，应用现在分词形式作状语。 故填resulting。 【39题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：其次，运动可以帮助减轻压力，甚至改善某些大脑功能。 function意为功能”，为可数名词，在certain后应用复数形式。故填functions。. 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管有规律的锻炼有很多好处，但在锻炼前后还是要考 虑一些问题。固定句型there be..todo意为有...要...”，应用动词不定式。 故填to consider。 【41题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：首先，你应该考虑你希望改善什么，因为不同的活动对我 们身体的不同部位有不同的功能。此处是宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，且是指事物， 应用连接代词what。故填what。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：最重要的是，我们应该参加我们最感兴趣的活动。只有这 样你才能坚持下去。此处描述客观事实，所以应用一般现在时。在定语从句中主 语that代指先行词the kind of activity,所以主语为第三人称单数。动词interest 意为使...感兴趣。故填interests。 【43题详解】 考查介词。句意：你应该在适当的时候多吃含碳水化合物和富含蛋白质的食物。 be rich in意为富含”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用介词in。故填in。 【44题详解】 考查反身代词。句意：最后但并非最不重要的是，一定要穿合适的衣服和装备， 以避免伤害自己。此处为祈使句句式，所以省略的主语为you,应用反身代词 yourself.或yourselves作宾语。故填yourself或yourselves。. 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：一开始你应该进行小而缓慢的运动，然后逐渐进行更大的运动。 此处修饰动词take,应用副词gradually逐渐地”，作状语。故填gradually。