Unit 5 重点词汇核心考点精讲 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册新教材译林版

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过目录检索和词性分类表格系统构建知识体系，将40余个核心词汇按名词、动词、形容词等类别整合，并以“词形转换-同义转换-固定搭配-词义辨析-重点用法”的考点框架呈现内在联系，清晰标注重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于结合课本原句创设真实语境，如“Giant pandas in the wild face serious problems”助力语言能力提升，通过对比表格（如wild vs fierce）和词义辨析培养思维品质，设计词形转换、短语搭配等分层练习，基础学生掌握用法，优秀学生深化辨析，支持自主复习，为教师精准教学提供素材。

8AU5重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 wild 2 dolphin 2 eagle 3 fox 3 shark 4 wolf 4 zebra 5 king 5 tiny 6 birth 6 round-the-clock 7 weigh 7 satisfying 8 giant panda 8 in the wild 9 serious 9 even if 10 easily 10 sick 11 live on 11 mainly 12 result 12 as a result 13 government 13 action 14 take action 14 nature reserve 15 thanks to 15 effort 16 increase 16 protection 17 growth 18 fat 18 manage 19 whale 19 hunt 20 meaningful 20 in danger 21 reason 21 accept 22 polar bear 22 meat eater 23 melt 23 drop 24 blue whale 24 risk 25 at risk 25 Indian 26 rhino 26 horn 27 disaster 27 pollution 28 certain 29 illness 29 词性分类 【名词 (n.)】wild、dolphin、eagle、fox、shark、wolf、zebra、king、birth、giant panda、result、government、action、nature reserve、effort、protection、growth、whale、reason、polar bear、meat eater、blue whale、risk、rhino、horn、disaster、pollution、illness 【动词 (v./vi./vt./linking v.)】weigh、easily、mainly、increase、manage、hunt、accept、melt、drop 【形容词 (adj.)】wild、tiny、round-the-clock、satisfying、serious、sick、fat、meaningful、Indian、certain 【副词 (adv.)】easily、mainly 【短语】in the wild、even if、live on、as a result、take action、thanks to、in danger、at risk wild /waɪld/ adj. 野生的 n. 野生状态，自然环境 课本原句：Humans and animals are family under the same sky. 课本原句：Millie and her classmates are talking about their favourite wild animals. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「wild」形容词意为「野生的」；名词意为「野外；自然环境」。比较级wilder，最高级wildest。副词wildly。 例句：Some wild animals are in danger. (adj.) 考点二 同义转换：wild 说明：wild (adj.) = untamed / fierce(野生的，未驯服的)；wild (n.) = nature / wilderness(野外，荒地)。 例句：These wild flowers grow in the wilderness. (n.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in the wild(在野外)；wild animals(野生动物)；run wild(放肆，撒野)；wild life(野生生物)。 例句：Many animals live in the wild. 考点四 词义辨析：wild vs fierce 说明：「wild」强调未被驯化或失去控制；「fierce」强调性格凶猛。 例句：Wolves are wild animals. Tigers can be fierce. 考点五 重点用法：名词用法 说明：「the wild」指「自然环境；野生状态」，常与in搭配使用。 例句：Some animals cannot survive in the wild. dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n. 海豚 课本原句：I like dolphins best. They're cute and friendly. 课本原句：They're among the smartest animals on earth. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「dolphin」是可数名词，复数形式dolphins。 例句：We saw three dolphins in the sea. 考点二 同义转换：dolphin 说明：dolphin属marine mammals(海洋哺乳动物)，与whale同类。 例句：Dolphins are very smart marine mammals. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a school of dolphins(一群海豚)；swim like a dolphin(游得像海豚一样)。 例句：We watched a school of dolphins playing in the water. 考点四 词义辨析：dolphin vs whale 说明：「dolphin」体型较小，性格友善聪明；「whale」体型巨大，包括蓝鲸等种类。 例句：Dolphins are smaller than whales, but both live in the ocean. 考点五 重点用法：习语 说明：「smart as a dolphin」形容非常聪明的人或动物。 例句：My little brother is smart as a dolphin. eagle /ˈiːɡl/ n. 雕；鹰 课本原句：Eagles use their eyes in order to stay safe. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「eagle」是可数名词，复数eagles。形容词eagle-eyed(目光锐利的)。 例句：An eagle-eyed watcher spotted the deer. 考点二 同义转换：eagle 说明：eagle属birds of prey(猛禽/食肉鸟)，与hawk(鹰)、falcon(隼)同属猛禽。 例句：Eagles and hawks are both birds of prey. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a young eagle(雏鹰)；an eagle's nest(鹰巢)。 例句：We saw an eagle's nest high up in the mountain. 考点四 词义辨析：eagle vs hawk 说明：「eagle」体型较大，视力极佳；「hawk」体型较小，更为常见。 例句：An eagle can fly higher than a hawk. 考点五 重点用法：比喻意义 说明：「eagle」可比喻「目光敏锐的人」或「雄鹰人物」。 例句：She is an eagle when it comes to spotting mistakes. fox /fɒks/ n. 狐狸 课本原句：Foxes often work as a group. I like their team spirit. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「fox」是可数名词，复数形式foxes。动词「to fox」意为「欺骗」。形容词foxy(狡猾的)。 例句：He foxed me with his clever tricks. 考点二 同义转换：fox 说明：fox属wild dogs(野生犬科)，与wolf(狼)同科。 例句：Foxes and wolves are both wild dogs. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：as sly/cunning as a fox(像狐狸一样狡猾)；a fox in the henhouse(混入鸡舍的狐狸)。 例句：He is as sly as a fox. 考点四 词义辨析：fox vs wolf 说明：「fox」体型较小，狡猾独居；「wolf」体型较大，群居生活。 例句：A fox usually hunts alone, but wolves hunt in groups. 考点五 重点用法：文化含义 说明：西方文化中「fox」常象征「狡猾、聪明」，褒贬不一。 例句：Don't trust him—he's a sly old fox. shark /ʃɑːk/ n. 鲨鱼 课本原句：Today there are about 22,000 to 31,000 of us on earth, and our number may still drop. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「shark」是可数名词，复数形式sharks。 例句：Great white sharks live in warm seas. 考点二 同义转换：shark 说明：shark属sea predators(海洋掠食者)，与dolphin(海豚)同为大型海洋生物但习性相反。 例句：Sharks are top sea predators in the ocean. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a great white shark(大白鲨)；shark attack(鲨鱼袭击)；card shark(打牌高手)。 例句：Be careful of shark attacks when you swim in the ocean. 考点四 词义辨析：shark vs dolphin 说明：「shark」是肉食性海洋掠食者，性格凶猛；「dolphin」是聪明友好的哺乳动物。 例句：Sharks and dolphins both live in the sea, but they are very different. 考点五 重点用法：习语 说明：「loan shark」指高利贷者；「shark」在俚语中可指「专家、骗子」。 例句：He borrowed money from a loan shark. wolf /wʊlf/ n. (pl. wolves) 狼 课本原句：I like wolves best. They often work as a group. I like their team spirit. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「wolf」是不规则变化名词，复数形式wolves。动词「to wolf down」意为「狼吞虎咽」。 例句：He wolfed down his breakfast in five minutes. 考点二 同义转换：wolf 说明：wolf属wild dogs(野生犬科)，与fox(狐狸)同科，但性格更凶猛。 例句：Wolves are larger and fiercer than foxes. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a wolf in sheep's clothing(披着羊皮的狼)；cry wolf(喊狼来了)；a lone wolf(独行者)。 例句：Don't trust him—he is a wolf in sheep's clothing. 考点四 词义辨析：wolf vs dog 说明：「wolf」是野生犬科动物；「dog」是家养犬。wolf是dogs的祖先之一。 例句：Dogs came from wolves thousands of years ago. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：「to wolf down」意为「狼吞虎咽地吃」。 例句：The hungry boy wolfed down three sandwiches. zebra /ˈzebrə/ n. (pl. zebra, zebras) 斑马 课本原句：Zebras live in groups to learn hunting skills. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「zebra」是可数名词，复数zebra或zebras(两种形式均可)。 例句：We saw a herd of zebras on the grassland. 考点二 同义转换：zebra 说明：zebra属African animals(非洲动物)，与giraffe(长颈鹿)、lion(狮子)同为非洲草原动物。 例句：Zebras and giraffes are both African animals. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：zebra crossing(斑马线)；a herd of zebras(一群斑马)。 例句：Always walk on the zebra crossing. 考点四 词义辨析：zebra vs horse 说明：「zebra」是野生马科动物，身上有黑白条纹；「horse」是家养马。 例句：Zebras look like horses with black and white stripes. 考点五 重点用法：交通标识 说明：「zebra crossing」是英国英语中的「斑马线」，美式英语常用crosswalk。 例句：Cross the street at the zebra crossing. king /kɪŋ/ n. 大王；国王 课本原句：They're the king of the animal world. 课本原句：Lions are my favourite. They're strong and they can run very fast. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「king」是可数名词，复数形式kings。阴性形式queen(女王/王后)。形容词royal(皇室的)。 例句：The lion is the king of the animal world. 考点二 同义转换：king 说明：king(国王) = ruler / monarch(君主)；the king of(…之王) = the best of(…之最)。 例句：He is the king of pop music. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：the King of beasts(百兽之王，指狮子)；king of the hill(山丘之王)。 例句：The lion is called the King of beasts. 考点四 词义辨析：king vs emperor 说明：「king」通常指一国之王；「emperor」指多个国家之上的皇帝。 例句：The king ruled one country; the emperor ruled many. 考点五 重点用法：引申意义 说明：「king」可表示某领域的「之王、最杰出者」。 例句：He is the king of football in our school. tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adj. 极小的 课本原句：Tiny, pink and quiet, with eyes closed ... Xiwang was just 100 grams when I first saw her. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「tiny」是形容词，比较级tinier，最高级tiniest。副词形式不常用。 例句：The kitten was the tiniest one in the litter. 考点二 同义转换：tiny 说明：tiny = very small / mini / miniature / microscopic(极小的)。 例句：The baby panda is tiny—only 100 grams! 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a tiny bit(一点点)；a tiny minority(极少数)；tiny tot(小孩)。 例句：Could I have a tiny bit more rice? 考点四 词义辨析：tiny vs small 说明：「tiny」比small程度更强，强调「极小、迷你」；「small」普通用法。 例句：The baby mouse was tiny. The cat was small. 考点五 重点用法：强调语气 说明：「tiny」常用在描述新生婴儿、动物或物体，强调「非常小」的可爱感。 例句：What a tiny kitten! birth /bɜːθ/ n. 出生 课本原句：Her birth brought much happiness to us. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「birth」是名词，动词形式bear(出生，承受)。形容词born(出生的)。 例句：She was born in 2010. 考点二 同义转换：birth 说明：birth(出生) = the arrival of a baby(婴儿诞生)；反义词death(死亡)。 例句：We celebrate the birth of every new baby. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：give birth to(生(孩子))；at birth(出生时)；date of birth(出生日期)；by birth(天生)。 例句：She gave birth to a healthy baby last week. 考点四 词义辨析：birth vs born 说明：「birth」是名词；「born」是形容词或动词bear的过去分词，常与be动词连用。 例句：The birth of the prince was celebrated. He was born in May. 考点五 重点用法：give birth to 说明：「give birth to」意为「生(孩子)」「产生」，主语通常为母亲。 例句：My cat gave birth to four kittens yesterday. round-the-clock /ˌraʊnd ðə ˈklɒk/ adj. 全天候的 课本原句：We gave her round-the-clock care. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「round-the-clock」是形容词复合词，由round the clock副词短语转化而来。 例句：The hospital gives round-the-clock care to patients. 考点二 同义转换：round-the-clock 说明：round-the-clock = 24-hour / nonstop / around-the-clock(全天候的，不间断的)。 例句：The firefighters worked round-the-clock during the fire. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：round-the-clock service(全天候服务)；round-the-clock care(全天候照看)；round-the-clock work(不间断工作)。 例句：Rescue teams worked round-the-clock to find survivors. 考点四 词义辨析：round-the-clock vs day and night 说明：「round-the-clock」强调「连续24小时」；「day and night」强调「日夜不停地」。 例句：She studied day and night. / The hospital operates round-the-clock. 考点五 重点用法：派生副词 说明：其副词形式「round-the-clock」同样可用作状语，表示「日以继夜地」。 例句：The nurses looked after him round-the-clock. weigh /weɪ/ linking v. 有…重 课本原句：At six months old, she began to eat bamboo. Half a year later, she weighed over 35 kilograms. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「weigh」是linking verb，weigh + 数字(表重量)。名词form weight(重量)。过去式weighed。 例句：The baby weighs 5 kilograms now. 考点二 同义转换：weigh 说明：weigh(有…重) = have a weight of(...重)；measure by weight(按重量测量)。 例句：The bag weighs 5 kg. (= The bag has a weight of 5 kg.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：weigh ... kg/grams/pounds(重多少公斤/克/磅)；weigh on(使担忧)；weigh up(权衡)。 例句：The risk weighs heavily on his mind. 考点四 词义辨析：weigh vs measure 说明：「weigh」专指测量重量；「measure」泛指测量各种度量。 例句：Please weigh the flour. Please measure the length. 考点五 重点用法：linking verb 说明：「weigh」是连系动词，后接形容词或数量短语作表语，不用被动语态。 例句：The package weighs three pounds. satisfying /ˈsætɪsfaɪɪŋ/ adj. 令人满意的 课本原句：There is nothing more satisfying than seeing Xiwang grow into a big ball of fur. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「satisfying」是动词satisfy的现在分词作形容词。名词satisfaction(满足)。 例句：Her smile gave me great satisfaction. 考点二 同义转换：satisfying 说明：satisfying = fulfilling / rewarding / pleasing(令人满意的)。反义词unsatisfying。 例句：Teaching kids is a satisfying job. (= a rewarding job) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：satisfying experience(满意经历)；satisfying result(满意结果)；satisfying meal(令人满足的一餐)。 例句：Cooking dinner for family is a satisfying experience. 考点四 词义辨析：satisfying vs satisfied 说明：「satisfying」修饰物或事件本身(令人满意的)；「satisfied」修饰人(感到满意的)。 例句：The meal was satisfying. / I was satisfied with the meal. 考点五 重点用法：比较级 说明：「satisfying」比较级more satisfying，最高级most satisfying。 例句：Nothing is more satisfying than helping others. giant panda /ˌdʒaɪənt ˈpændə/ n. 大熊猫 课本原句：Giant pandas in the wild face serious problems. 课本原句：The governments are working hard to help giant pandas. 课本原句：Thanks to all the efforts, the number of giant pandas is increasing. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「giant panda」是复合名词，由giant(巨大的)+panda(熊猫)构成。复数形式giant pandas。 例句：Giant pandas mainly eat bamboo. 考点二 同义转换：giant panda 说明：giant panda = panda bear(大熊猫)；中国特有物种endemic to China。 例句：The giant panda is a symbol of China. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：giant panda reserve(大熊猫保护区)；baby giant panda(熊猫幼崽)；保护级别vulnerable species。 例句：Wolong is a famous giant panda reserve in Sichuan. 考点四 词义辨析：giant panda vs panda 说明：「giant panda」是大熊猫；「panda」在英语中一般也指大熊猫；red panda(小熊猫)是另一物种。 例句：A giant panda is bigger than a red panda. 考点五 重点用法：国宝地位 说明：大熊猫是中国国宝，象征和平与友谊，常作为中国对外交流的形象大使。 例句：China sends giant pandas to other countries as a sign of friendship. in the wild 短语 在野外 课本原句：Giant pandas in the wild face serious problems. 课本原句：By 1975, there were only ___ of them in the wild. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「in the wild」是介词短语，wild是名词「野外/自然界」。 例句：These animals live in the wild. 考点二 同义转换：in the wild 说明：in the wild = in nature / in their natural habitat(在自然栖息地)。 例句：Tigers in the wild are fewer than tigers in zoos. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in the wild(在野外)；wild animals(野生动物)；live in the wild(野外生存)。 例句：It's hard for these animals to survive in the wild. 考点四 词义辨析：in the wild vs in the zoo 说明：「in the wild」指野外自然环境；「in the zoo」指动物园人工环境。 例句：Polar bears do better in the wild than in the zoo. 考点五 重点用法：对比用法 说明：「in the wild」常与「in the zoo/captivity」对比，强调自然与人工环境的区别。 例句：Many animals cannot survive in the wild after living in zoos. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的 课本原句：Giant pandas in the wild face serious problems. 课本原句：It is difficult for giant pandas to have babies, and it's easy for baby pandas to get sick and die. Also, they live mainly on bamboo, but the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and smaller. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「serious」是形容词，副词seriously(严重地，认真地)。名词seriousness(严肃，严重)。 例句：He is serious about his studies. 考点二 同义转换：serious 说明：serious(严重的) = grave / severe / critical(严重的，严峻的)。 例句：Pollution is a grave threat to wild animals. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：serious problem(严重的问题)；serious illness(重病)；serious about(对…认真)。 例句：Air pollution is a serious problem in big cities. 考点四 词义辨析：serious vs grave 说明：「serious」常用词；「grave」语气更强，强调「严峻、危重」。 例句：His illness is serious. His condition is grave. 考点五 重点用法：双重含义 说明：「serious」既可表「严重的」(serious illness)，也可表「认真的」(serious student)。 例句：Are you serious about learning English? even if 短语 即使；尽管 课本原句：Even if baby pandas are born, they may easily get sick and die. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「even if」是从属连词，引导让步状语从句。 例句：Even if it rains, we will go hiking. 考点二 同义转换：even if 说明：even if(即使) = even though(尽管) = although(虽然)。区别：even if表假设，even though表事实。 例句：Even if I am tired, I will keep going. (假设) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：even if/though + 从句；even so(即使如此)；not even(甚至不)。 例句：Even if you fail, don't give up. 考点四 词义辨析：even if vs even though 说明：「even if」用于假设情况(即使)；「even though」用于已发生的事实(尽管)。 例句：Even if he comes, I won't go. / Even though he came, I didn't go. 考点五 重点用法：让步状语 说明：「even if」引导让步状语从句，强调主句结果不受影响。 例句：Even if we have to walk, we'll get there on time. easily /ˈiːzəli/ adv. 很可能；容易地 课本原句：Even if baby pandas are born, they may easily get sick and die. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「easily」是副词，形容词easy(容易的)。比较级more easily，最高级most easily。 例句：This book is easily the best of the year. 考点二 同义转换：easily 说明：easily(容易地) = with ease / without difficulty(毫不费力地)；(很可能) = very likely。 例句：He is easily the smartest boy in class. (= very likely) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：easily the best(无疑最佳)；come easily to(轻而易举)；easily influenced(易受影响)。 例句：She easily finished the difficult puzzle. 考点四 词义辨析：easily vs easy 说明：「easily」是副词修饰动词；「easy」是形容词修饰名词。 例句：The test was easy. / He passed the test easily. 考点五 重点用法：强调语气 说明：「easily」修饰形容词最高级时，意为「无疑地、显然地」。 例句：This is easily the best film I've seen this year. sick /sɪk/ adj. 生病的 课本原句：Even if baby pandas are born, they may easily get sick and die. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「sick」是形容词，比较级sicker，最高级sickest。名词illness(疾病)。动词形式少见。 例句：She has been sick for three days. 考点二 同义转换：sick 说明：sick(生病的) = ill(英式英语更常用ill)；sick of(厌烦的) = tired of / fed up with(厌烦)。 例句：I'm sick of doing homework. (= tired of) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be sick(生病/呕吐)；sick of(厌烦)；feel sick(感到恶心)；home sick(想家)。 例句：I feel sick—I think I ate too much. 考点四 词义辨析：sick vs ill 说明：「sick」美式英语更常用；「ill」英式英语更正式；sick可表「恶心想吐」，ill无此义。 例句：I'm sick. (生病或想吐) / I'm ill. (生病，正式) 考点五 重点用法：sick of 说明：「be sick of」意为「对…感到厌烦」，后接名词或动名词。 例句：I'm sick of eating the same food every day. live on 短语 以吃…为生 课本原句：They live mainly on bamboo, but the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and smaller. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「live on」是动词短语，live是不及物动词，on是介词。 例句：Giant pandas live on bamboo. 考点二 同义转换：live on 说明：live on(以…为生) = feed on / survive on / eat... as food(以…为食)。 例句：Pandas live on bamboo. (= feed on bamboo) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：live on sth(以…为食/依靠…生活)；live on bread and water(靠面包和水生活)。 例句：These animals live on small fish and plants. 考点四 词义辨析：live on vs live in 说明：「live on」强调「以…为食/以…为生」；「live in」强调「居住在某个地方」。 例句：They live on fish. They live in the sea. 考点五 重点用法：引申意义 说明：「live on」还可表示「靠(收入)生活」「继续存在」。 例句：He lives on a small salary. Her memory lives on in our hearts. mainly /ˈmeɪnli/ adv. 主要地 课本原句：Also, they live mainly on bamboo, but the bamboo forests are becoming smaller and smaller. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「mainly」是副词，形容词main(主要的)。 例句：The main problem is air pollution. 考点二 同义转换：mainly 说明：mainly(主要地) = mostly / primarily / chiefly / largely(主要地，大体上)。 例句：The students are mainly from local schools. (= mostly) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：mainly because(主要是因为)；mainly used for(主要用于)；consist mainly of(主要由…构成)。 例句：The audience consisted mainly of students. 考点四 词义辨析：mainly vs mostly 说明：「mainly」侧重「主要的、关键的」；「mostly」侧重「大多数情况下」。 例句：The class is mainly girls. / The weather is mostly sunny. 考点五 重点用法：句首位置 说明：「mainly」常位于句首或助动词之后，作方式状语。 例句：Mainly, we need more time and money. result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 结果，后果 课本原句：As a result, pandas may not have a place to live or enough food to eat. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「result」作名词意为「结果」；作动词意为「发生、导致」(result in/from)。 例句：The accident resulted in three deaths. 考点二 同义转换：result 说明：result(结果) = outcome / consequence(结果，后果)。 例句：The result of the game was 3-1. (= the outcome) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：as a result(因此)；as a result of(由于…的结果)；result in(导致)；result from(由…引起)。 例句：He didn't study hard; as a result, he failed the exam. 考点四 词义辨析：result in vs result from 说明：「result in」表示「导致」(因果中果)；「result from」表示「由…引起」(因果中因)。 例句：The accident resulted in injuries. The injuries resulted from the accident. 考点五 重点用法：as a result 说明：「as a result」意为「因此」，作连接副词，后接完整句子。 例句：It rained heavily; as a result, the match was cancelled. as a result 短语 因此 课本原句：As a result, pandas may not have a place to live or enough food to eat. 课本原句：As a result, our number started to drop. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「as a result」是固定短语，result是名词「结果」。 例句：He worked hard; as a result, he passed the exam. 考点二 同义转换：as a result 说明：as a result(因此) = as a consequence / therefore / so(因此，所以)。 例句：He was late; as a result, he missed the bus. (= therefore) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：as a result(of)(作为…的结果)；with the result that(结果是…)；without result(毫无结果)。 例句：He didn't eat breakfast; as a result, he felt hungry. 考点四 词义辨析：as a result vs because of 说明：「as a result」后接完整句子(因果关系)；「because of」后接名词或动名词。 例句：It rained; as a result, we stayed home. / We stayed home because of the rain. 考点五 重点用法：连接性副词 说明：「as a result」是连接副词，用逗号与主句分开，可放句首或句末。 例句：He didn't work hard. As a result, he failed. government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 课本原句：Luckily, the government has taken action. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「government」是可数名词(指特定政府)或不可数名词(指政府机构)。形容词governmental(政府的)。动词govern(治理)。 例句：The government has passed a new law. 考点二 同义转换：government 说明：government(政府) = the authorities(当局) / the administration(行政机构)。 例句：The local government is taking action. (= the local authorities) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：local government(地方政府)；central government(中央政府)；government official(政府官员)。 例句：We need the help of the central government. 考点四 词义辨析：government vs governor 说明：「government」指「政府/治理」；「governor」指「州长/总督/主管」。 例句：The government makes laws. The governor signed the bill. 考点五 重点用法：复数用法 说明：「governments」指多个国家的政府或不同历史时期的政府。 例句：Several governments are working together to protect wildlife. action /ˈækʃn/ n. 行动 课本原句：Luckily, the government has taken action. 课本原句：For example, they can ___ to stop people from hunting wild animals. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「action」是名词，动词act(行动)。形容词active(积极的)。 例句：We must act now to save the animals. 考点二 同义转换：action 说明：action(行动) = deed / step / measure(行动，措施)。 例句：We must take action to help them. (= take steps) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：take action(采取行动)；in action(在运转/在行动中)；action movie(动作片)。 例句：We must take action before it's too late. 考点四 词义辨析：action vs activity 说明：「action」强调具体行为/步骤；「activity」强调日常活动/消遣。 例句：Taking action is important. / Swimming is my favourite activity. 考点五 重点用法：take action 说明：「take action」意为「采取行动」，后接on + 问题或措施。 例句：The government took action on pollution. take action 短语 采取行动 课本原句：Luckily, the government has taken action. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「take action」是动词短语，action是名词。 例句：We must take action to protect the environment. 考点二 同义转换：take action 说明：take action(采取行动) = take steps / take measures / act(行动)。 例句：We must take action now. (= take steps) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：take action on(对…采取行动)；take immediate action(立即采取行动)；take further action(进一步行动)。 例句：We need to take immediate action on climate change. 考点四 词义辨析：take action vs do something 说明：「take action」语气正式，强调为解决问题而采取具体步骤；「do something」普通表达。 例句：The government took action to reduce pollution. 考点五 重点用法：抽象名词 说明：「action」是不可数名词，但可与take、make等动词搭配。 例句：We should take action instead of just talking. nature reserve /ˈneɪtʃə rɪˈzɜːv/ n. 自然保护区 课本原句：There are laws to protect giant pandas and more nature reserves for them to live in. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「nature reserve」是复合名词，由nature(自然)+reserve(保护区)构成。复数nature reserves。 例句：Wolong Nature Reserve is home to many giant pandas. 考点二 同义转换：nature reserve 说明：nature reserve(自然保护区) = wildlife reserve / national park(野生动物保护区)。 例句：The nature reserve protects many wild animals. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：nature reserve(自然保护区)；wildlife reserve(野生动物保护区)；national park(国家公园)。 例句：Many nature reserves have been set up in China. 考点四 词义辨析：nature reserve vs zoo 说明：「nature reserve」是野生动物自然栖息地保护区；「zoo」是动物园。 例句：Animals in nature reserves live freely; animals in zoos are kept in cages. 考点五 重点用法：生态保护 说明：建立nature reserve是保护濒危物种的有效措施之一。 例句：Setting up nature reserves helps protect endangered species. thanks to 短语 多亏，由于 课本原句：Thanks to all the efforts, the number of giant pandas is increasing. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「thanks to」是介词短语，thanks是复数名词。 例句：Thanks to his help, I finished on time. 考点二 同义转换：thanks to 说明：thanks to(多亏) = owing to / due to / because of(因为，由于)。 例句：Thanks to the doctor, the child is healthy now. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：thanks to(多亏，由于)；give thanks to(向…致谢)；thanks for(感谢…)。 例句：Thanks to your help, I passed the exam. 考点四 词义辨析：thanks to vs thanks for 说明：「thanks to」意为「多亏/由于」，引出原因(可好可坏)；「thanks for」意为「为…而感谢」。 例句：Thanks to the rain, we stayed inside. / Thanks for the gift. 考点五 重点用法：双面性 说明：「thanks to」既可表积极原因，也可表消极原因。 例句：Thanks to the storm, the match was cancelled. (消极) effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力 课本原句：Thanks to all the efforts, the number of giant pandas is increasing. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「effort」是可数/不可数名词，动词make efforts to do sth(努力做某事)。 例句：She made great efforts to learn English. 考点二 同义转换：effort 说明：effort(努力) = attempt / try(尝试，努力)。 例句：He made an effort to finish on time. (= made an attempt) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：make an effort(作出努力)；in an effort to(为了…)；with effort(费力地)；spare no effort(不遗余力)。 例句：Spare no effort to protect wild animals! 考点四 词义辨析：effort vs attempt 说明：「effort」强调付出努力的「过程」；「attempt」强调「尝试」的动作。 例句：His effort paid off. / His first attempt failed. 考点五 重点用法：复数表达 说明：「make efforts」用复数形式强调多次或多种努力；「make an effort」单数形式。 例句：We must make efforts to save the pandas. increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ vi. & vt. 增加 课本原句：Thanks to all the efforts, the number of giant pandas is increasing. 课本原句：Today there are about 22,000 to 31,000 of us on earth, and our number may still drop. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「increase」可作动词(增加)，也可作名词(增长)。名词形式重音在第一音节/ˈɪnkriːs/。反义词decrease。 例句：Sales have increased this year. 考点二 同义转换：increase 说明：increase(增加) = rise / grow / go up(增加，上升)。反义词decrease / fall / drop。 例句：The temperature increased. (= rose) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：increase to(增加到)；increase by(增加了)；increase in(在…方面增长)；on the increase(在增加)。 例句：The number of students increased by 100. 考点四 词义辨析：increase vs decrease 说明：「increase」意为「增加、增长」；「decrease」意为「减少、降低」。 例句：The population increased. The pollution decreased. 考点五 重点用法：名词重音 说明：作名词时重音在前/ˈɪnkriːs/；作动词时重音在后/ɪnˈkriːs/。 例句：There was a big increase in sales. / Sales continue to increase. protection /prəˈtekʃn/ n. 保护 课本原句：But they still need our protection. We believe things will get better and better, for where there is Xiwang, there is hope. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「protection」是不可数名词，动词protect(保护)。形容词protective(保护的)。 例句：We must protect wild animals. 考点二 同义转换：protection 说明：protection(保护) = defence(英式)/ defense(美式) / safety(安全，保护)。 例句：The protection of wildlife is important. (= the defence) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：environmental protection(环境保护)；wildlife protection(野生动物保护)；under the protection of(在…保护下)。 例句：Environmental protection is everyone's duty. 考点四 词义辨析：protection vs protect 说明：「protection」是不可数名词；「protect」是动词。后接介词against/from。 例句：We need protection against the cold. / This hat protects you from the cold. 考点五 重点用法：动词搭配 说明：动词「protect」常用protect sb/sth from/against(保护…免受)。 例句：Sunglasses protect your eyes from the sun. growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 生长，发育，成长 课本原句：Here is a growth chart for Xiwang. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「growth」是不可数名词，动词grow(生长)。形容词grown-up(成年的)。 例句：Plants need water for growth. 考点二 同义转换：growth 说明：growth(生长) = development / increase(增长)。 例句：The growth of industry caused pollution. (= development) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：economic growth(经济增长)；population growth(人口增长)；growth chart(生长曲线图)。 例句：The doctor used a growth chart to check the baby's height. 考点四 词义辨析：growth vs grow 说明：「growth」是名词；「grow」是动词。 例句：The growth of the company was rapid. / The company grew rapidly. 考点五 重点用法：引申意义 说明：「growth」除「生长」外，还可指「经济增长/发展」。 例句：China has seen fast economic growth. fat /fæt/ adj. 胖的 课本原句：This panda is fat and quiet. 课本原句：There is nothing more satisfying than seeing Xiwang grow into a big ball of fur. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「fat」是形容词，比较级fatter，最高级fattest。名词fat(脂肪)。动词fatten(养肥)。 例句：Eating too much makes you fat. 考点二 同义转换：fat 说明：fat(胖的) = overweight / plump(胖乎乎的)。委婉语chubby(圆胖的)。 例句：The baby panda is getting fat. (= plump) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：get fat(变胖)；fat cat(有钱有势的人)；fat chance(希望渺茫，俚语)。 例句：If you eat too much junk food, you'll get fat. 考点四 词义辨析：fat vs chubby vs plump 说明：「fat」直白，可能不礼貌；「chubby」较委婉，常用于婴儿；「plump」较中性，指「丰满」。 例句：The chubby baby is lovely. / She's plump, not fat. 考点五 重点用法：名词用法 说明：「fat」作名词意为「脂肪」，不可数。 例句：Too much fat in your diet is bad for your health. manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ vt. & vi. 完成(困难的事) 课本原句：Sometimes she ___ (manage, climb) up the tree, but she often ___ (fail, get) down. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「manage」是动词，名词management(管理)。形容词manageable(可管理的)。 例句：The manager is very good at managing the company. 考点二 同义转换：manage 说明：manage to do sth(设法完成) = succeed in doing sth / be able to do sth(能够做到)。 例句：I managed to finish the work on time. (= succeeded in) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：manage to do sth(设法完成某事)；manage a company(管理公司)；manage without(在没有…的情况下凑合)。 例句：Can you manage to lift this box? 考点四 词义辨析：manage to do vs try to do 说明：「manage to do」表示「设法成功做到」；「try to do」表示「试图做」(不一定成功)。 例句：I managed to pass the test. (成功) / I tried to pass the test. (可能没成功) 考点五 重点用法：manage to do 说明：「manage to do sth」虽形式是「try」，但实际表示「成功做到」，是考试高频考点。 例句：He managed to escape from the burning building. whale /weɪl/ n. 鲸 课本原句：Whales make loud sounds to feed their babies and themselves. 课本原句：We are the largest animals on the planet. The ocean is our home, and we can live up to 90 years. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「whale」是可数名词，复数形式whales。 例句：Blue whales are the largest animals on earth. 考点二 同义转换：whale 说明：whale属marine mammals(海洋哺乳动物)，与dolphin(海豚)同类。 例句：Whales and dolphins are both marine mammals. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a blue whale(蓝鲸)；a sperm whale(抹香鲸)；killer whale(虎鲸)。 例句：The blue whale can grow up to 30 metres long. 考点四 词义辨析：whale vs shark 说明：「whale」是哺乳动物，用肺呼吸，温血；「shark」是鱼类，用鳃呼吸，冷血。 例句：Whales must surface to breathe; sharks breathe through gills. 考点五 重点用法：习语 说明：「have a whale of a time」意为「玩得非常开心」。 例句：We had a whale of a time at the party! hunt /hʌnt/ vt. & vi. 猎杀 课本原句：Tigers hunt other animals in order to talk to each other. 课本原句：In the past, humans hunted us, and there were very few of us left. 课本原句：People also hunted us for our horns. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「hunt」可作动词(猎杀)或名词(狩猎)。名词hunter(猎人)。形容词hunting(狩猎的)。 例句：He is a good hunter. 考点二 同义转换：hunt 说明：hunt(猎杀) = chase / pursue(追猎)。名词形式a hunt(狩猎)。 例句：Wolves hunt for food. (= chase prey) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：hunt for(搜寻)；hunt down(追捕到)；go hunting(去狩猎)；job hunt(求职)。 例句：Police hunted down the criminal. 考点四 词义辨析：hunt vs hunt for 说明：「hunt」后接猎物作宾语；「hunt for」后接搜寻的目标。 例句：They hunt deer. / They are hunting for the lost child. 考点五 重点用法：引申意义 说明：「hunt」还可表示「找工作/搜寻某物」(search)。 例句：I'm hunting for a new job. meaningful /ˈmiːnɪŋfl/ adj. 重要的 课本原句：This trip was meaningful. It helped us (to) understand the importance of protecting animals. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「meaningful」是形容词，名词meaning(意义)。动词mean(意味着)。 例句：What's the meaning of this word? 考点二 同义转换：meaningful 说明：meaningful(有意义的) = significant / important / valuable(有意义的，重要的)。 例句：This is a meaningful lesson. (= a significant lesson) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：meaningful life(有意义的生活)；meaningful look(意味深长的目光)；meaningful conversation(有意义的对话)。 例句：We had a meaningful conversation about life. 考点四 词义辨析：meaningful vs meaningless 说明：「meaningful」意为「有意义的」；「meaningless」意为「无意义的」。 例句：His life is meaningful. Don't waste time on meaningless work. 考点五 重点用法：副词用法 说明：副词「meaningfully」(有意义地)，常修饰动词。 例句：She looked at him meaningfully and said nothing. in danger 短语 处于危险中 课本原句：Many wild animals are now in danger because of ___ (hunt). 考点一 词形转换 说明：「in danger」是介词短语，danger是名词「危险」。形容词dangerous(危险的)。 例句：Don't touch it—it's dangerous! 考点二 同义转换：in danger 说明：in danger(处于危险中) = at risk / in trouble(处境危险)；out of danger(脱离危险)。 例句：Many animals are in danger. (= at risk) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in danger(处于危险中)；out of danger(脱离危险)；dangerous(危险的)；endanger(危及)。 例句：The sick child is out of danger now. 考点四 词义辨析：in danger vs dangerous 说明：「in danger」描述主语的「状态」(人/物处于危险中)；「dangerous」描述事物的「性质」(危险的事物)。 例句：He is in danger. (他的处境危险) / The tiger is dangerous. (老虎是危险的) 考点五 重点用法：词性区分 说明：「in danger」是介词短语作表语；「dangerous」是形容词作定语或表语。 例句：Endangered species are animals in danger. reason /ˈriːzn/ n. 理由，原因 课本原句：We should not hurt them for any reason. 课本原句：There are ___ reasons like illnesses and natural disasters, but ___ are the biggest reason. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「reason」作名词意为「理由/原因」；作动词意为「推理/说服」。形容词reasonable(合理的)。 例句：That's a reasonable price. 考点二 同义转换：reason 说明：reason(原因) = cause(原因，因果)/ excuse(借口)。区别：reason是好的原因，excuse是借口。 例句：Tell me the reason for being late. (= the cause) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：the reason for(…的原因)；the reason why(…的理由)；for some reason(由于某种原因)；reason with(劝说)。 例句：The reason why he was late was the traffic. 考点四 词义辨析：reason vs cause 说明：「reason」解释某事发生的「理由」；「cause」强调导致某事的「原因/起因」。 例句：The reason he left is unclear. / The cause of the fire is unknown. 考点五 重点用法：定语从句 说明：「the reason why/for which…」后接表原因的定语从句。 例句：Tell me the reason why you were absent. accept /əkˈsept/ vt. & vi. 收受，接受 课本原句：We hope you can accept our ___ (invite) to protect them. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「accept」是动词，名词acceptance(接受)。形容词acceptable(可接受的)。 例句：Her acceptance speech was moving. 考点二 同义转换：accept 说明：accept(接受) = take / receive(接收)。反义词refuse / reject(拒绝)。 例句：I accept your apology. (= I take your apology) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：accept an invitation(接受邀请)；accept a gift(接受礼物)；accept the truth(接受现实)。 例句：She accepted my invitation to the party. 考点四 词义辨析：accept vs receive 说明：「accept」强调主观「愿意接受」；「receive」强调客观「收到」(未必接受)。 例句：I received the gift but didn't accept it. 考点五 重点用法：被动语态 说明：「accept」常用被动语态。 例句：Your suggestion is accepted. (你的建议被接受了。) polar bear /ˌpəʊlə beə(r)/ n. 北极熊 课本原句：We live in the Arctic. We are the biggest meat eaters on land, and we often have to travel a long way to find food. 课本原句：The earth is becoming warmer, and the Arctic ice is melting. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「polar bear」是复合名词，由polar(极地的)+bear(熊)构成。复数polar bears。 例句：Polar bears live in the Arctic. 考点二 同义转换：polar bear 说明：polar bear(北极熊) = white bear / Arctic bear(白熊)。 例句：Polar bears are also called white bears. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：polar bear(北极熊)；Arctic Circle(北极圈)；polar ice(极地冰盖)。 例句：Polar bears depend on Arctic ice for survival. 考点四 词义辨析：polar bear vs brown bear 说明：「polar bear」生活在北极，毛白色；「brown bear」生活在陆地，毛棕色。 例句：Polar bears are white; brown bears are brown. 考点五 重点用法：濒危物种 说明：北极熊因全球变暖、冰川消融而面临生存危机，是气候变化的重要指示物种。 例句：Climate change is a big problem for polar bears. meat eater /miːt ˈiːtə(r)/ n. 肉食动物(或人) 课本原句：We are the biggest meat eaters on land, and we often have to travel a long way to find food. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「meat eater」是复合名词，meat(肉)+eater(吃…的人/动物)。 例句：Lions are meat eaters. 考点二 同义转换：meat eater 说明：meat eater(肉食者) = carnivore(食肉动物)；反义词herbivore(食草动物)。 例句：Tigers are meat eaters. (= carnivores) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：meat eater(肉食动物)；plant eater(草食动物)；fruit eater(果食动物)。 例句：Dogs are meat eaters, but cats can also eat fish. 考点四 词义辨析：carnivore vs herbivore vs omnivore 说明：「carnivore」肉食动物；「herbivore」草食动物；「omnivore」杂食动物。 例句：Bears are omnivores—they eat both meat and plants. 考点五 重点用法：食物链 说明：meat eater处于食物链较高层级，需要大量捕猎其他动物。 例句：Eagles are top meat eaters in the food chain. melt /melt/ vi. & vt. (使)融化 课本原句：The earth is becoming warmer, and the Arctic ice is melting. 课本原句：This makes it more difficult for us to survive. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「melt」是动词，过去式melted，过去分词melted(英式)或molten(美式形容词)。 例句：The snow melted quickly in the sun. 考点二 同义转换：melt 说明：melt(融化) = thaw(解冻)/ dissolve(溶解)；反义词freeze(结冰)。 例句：The ice is melting. (= thawing) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：melt away(渐渐消失)；melt into(融入)；melt down(熔化)；melted cheese(融化的奶酪)。 例句：His fear melted away when he saw the friendly dog. 考点四 词义辨析：melt vs dissolve 说明：「melt」常指固体→液体的物理变化(如冰、雪)；「dissolve」指固体溶于液体(如糖入水)。 例句：Ice melts into water. / Sugar dissolves in water. 考点五 重点用法：过去分词 说明：「melted」用于一般语境；「molten」特指「高温熔化的」(如molten lava熔岩)。 例句：The volcano produces molten lava. drop /drɒp/ vi. & vt. (使)降低；扔下；掉下 课本原句：Today there are about 22,000 to 31,000 of us on earth, and our number may still drop. 课本原句：As a result, our number started to drop. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「drop」可作动词(降低/掉下)或名词(滴/下降)。过去式dropped。 例句：Please don't drop the glass. 考点二 同义转换：drop 说明：drop(下降) = fall / decrease / decline(下降，减少)。 例句：Temperatures dropped sharply. (= fell sharply) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：drop by(顺便拜访)；drop out(退出)；a drop of(一滴)；drop in on(突然拜访)。 例句：Feel free to drop by my house anytime. 考点四 词义辨析：drop vs fall 说明：「drop」可指物品掉落或数量下降；「fall」多指自由下落或数量下降。 例句：The apple dropped from the tree. / The temperature fell. 考点五 重点用法：动词名词同形 说明：「drop」名词意为「滴、下降」；动词意为「滴下、降低、扔下」。 例句：There's a big drop in prices. / Prices dropped sharply. blue whale /ˌbluː weɪl/ n. 蓝鲸 课本原句：We are the largest animals on the planet. The ocean is our home, and we can live up to 90 years. 课本原句：We often get hurt by big ships. Moreover, the ocean water is getting warmer. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「blue whale」是复合名词，由blue(蓝色的)+whale(鲸)构成。复数blue whales。 例句：Blue whales are the largest animals on earth. 考点二 同义转换：blue whale 说明：blue whale(蓝鲸) = sulphur-bottom whale(硫底鲸，blue whale的别名)。 例句：Blue whales can grow up to 30 metres long. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：blue whale(蓝鲸)；fin whale(长须鲸)；humpback whale(座头鲸)。 例句：Blue whales are an endangered species. 考点四 词义辨析：blue whale vs whale 说明：「blue whale」特指「蓝鲸」，是地球上最大的动物；「whale」泛指所有鲸类。 例句：Blue whales are a kind of whale, but not all whales are blue whales. 考点五 重点用法：濒危物种 说明：蓝鲸曾因捕鲸业而濒临灭绝，现已被列为濒危物种受到国际保护。 例句：Hunting blue whales has been banned for many years. risk /rɪsk/ n. 危险，风险 课本原句：Now it is against the law to hunt us, but we are still at risk. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「risk」作名词意为「风险」；作动词意为「冒险做某事」。形容词risky(冒险的)。 例句：Don't risk your life for nothing. 考点二 同义转换：risk 说明：risk(风险) = danger / threat(危险，威胁)。 例句：There is a risk of fire. (= a danger) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：at risk(有危险)；take a risk(冒险)；risk doing(冒险做)；risk one's life(冒生命危险)。 例句：Don't take risks when driving in the rain. 考点四 词义辨析：risk vs danger 说明：「risk」强调「可能性」(可能发生的危险)；「danger」强调「现实威胁」。 例句：There is a risk of flooding. / The flood is a real danger. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：「risk doing sth」意为「冒险做某事」；「risk to do sth」不常见。 例句：He risked losing his job by speaking out. at risk 短语 有危险 课本原句：Now it is against the law to hunt us, but we are still at risk. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「at risk」是介词短语，risk是名词。形容词risky(冒险的)。动词risk(冒险)。 例句：Don't do risky things. 考点二 同义转换：at risk 说明：at risk(有危险) = in danger / endangered(处于危险中)。 例句：Polar bears are at risk because of climate change. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：at risk(有危险)；at the risk of(冒着…的风险)；at risk of(有…的危险)。 例句：Children are most at risk in cold weather. 考点四 词义辨析：at risk vs risky 说明：「at risk」描述主语的状态；「risky」描述事物的性质。 例句：He is at risk. / This is a risky decision. 考点五 重点用法：后接of 说明：「at risk of」后接名词或动名词，表「有…的危险」。 例句：Smokers are at risk of getting lung cancer. Indian /ˈɪndiən/ adj. 印度(人)的 课本原句：For thousands of years, Indian rhinos have lived in Asia. 课本原句：The governments of India and Nepal made laws to protect us. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「Indian」是形容词，名词India(印度)。复数形式Indians(印度人)。 例句：India is a large country in Asia. 考点二 同义转换：Indian 说明：Indian(印度的) = from India(来自印度的)；名词an Indian(印度人)。 例句：Indian food is usually very spicy. (= food from India) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：Indian rhino(印度犀牛)；Indian Ocean(印度洋)；Indian culture(印度文化)。 例句：Indian rhinos are an endangered species. 考点四 词义辨析：Indian vs India 说明：「Indian」是形容词/名词；「India」是国家名词。 例句：Indian people live in India. 考点五 重点用法：名词用法 说明：「Indian」作名词意为「印度人」，复数Indians。 例句：There are many Indians in our city. rhino /ˈraɪnəʊ/ n. 犀牛 课本原句：I am an Indian rhino. I live in northern India. 课本原句：The governments of India and Nepal took action to ___ the number of Indian rhinos. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「rhino」是名词，是rhinoceros的缩写形式。复数形式rhinos。 例句：We saw three rhinos at the zoo. 考点二 同义转换：rhino 说明：rhino = rhinoceros(犀牛，缩写形式)；口语中更常用。 例句：A rhino is short for rhinoceros. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：black rhino(黑犀牛)；white rhino(白犀牛)；Indian rhino(印度犀牛)。 例句：Black rhinos are critically endangered. 考点四 词义辨析：rhino vs rhinoceros 说明：「rhino」是非正式缩写；「rhinoceros」是完整拼写，更正式。 例句：A rhino has a horn on its nose. (= A rhinoceros) 考点五 重点用法：濒危物种 说明：犀牛因犀牛角被偷猎而濒临灭绝，是世界上最受威胁的大型动物之一。 例句：Rhinos are hunted for their horns. horn /hɔːn/ n. 角 课本原句：Please stop using our horns for your own needs. 课本原句：Our horns are important for us to live healthy lives. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「horn」是可数名词，复数形式horns。形容词horned(有角的)。动词horn in(闯入)。 例句：Rams have curved horns. 考点二 同义转换：horn 说明：horn(角) = antler(鹿角)；区别：horn终生不脱落，antler每年脱落重生。 例句：Rhinos have horns. Deer have antlers. 考点三 固定搭配 说明：blow a horn(鸣笛)；French horn(法国号)；car horn(汽车喇叭)；horn of an animal(动物的角)。 例句：The driver blew his horn loudly. 考点四 词义辨析：horn vs antler 说明：「horn」指牛、羊、犀牛等的角；「antler」专指鹿角，每年脱落重生。 例句：Cows have horns. Male deer have antlers. 考点五 重点用法：乐器含义 说明：「horn」还可指「喇叭/号角」(乐器或汽车)。 例句：She plays the French horn in the school band. disaster /dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾害 课本原句：There are ___ reasons like illnesses and natural disasters, but ___ are the biggest reason. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「disaster」是可数/不可数名词，形容词disastrous(灾难性的)。动词disaster不常用。 例句：The earthquake was a disastrous event. 考点二 同义转换：disaster 说明：disaster(灾害) = catastrophe / calamity(灾难)。 例句：The flood was a disaster. (= a catastrophe) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：natural disaster(自然灾害)；environmental disaster(环境灾难)；disaster area(灾区)。 例句：Floods are natural disasters. 考点四 词义辨析：disaster vs accident 说明：「disaster」指自然灾害或重大事故；「accident」指意外事故(常较小)。 例句：The tsunami was a disaster. / He had a car accident. 考点五 重点用法：形容词 说明：「disastrous」是形容词，意为「灾难性的」，常修饰事件、后果等。 例句：The fire had disastrous consequences. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ n. 污染 课本原句：Air pollution and ___ make it hard for wild animals to live healthy lives. 课本原句：Moreover, human activities are warming the earth, and serious weather events may happen more often. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「pollution」是不可数名词，动词pollute(污染)。形容词polluted(被污染的)。 例句：The river is polluted by factories. 考点二 同义转换：pollution 说明：pollution(污染) = contamination(污染)；形容词polluted(被污染的)。 例句：Air pollution is a serious problem. (= air contamination) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：air pollution(空气污染)；water pollution(水污染)；noise pollution(噪音污染)；environmental pollution(环境污染)。 例句：Air pollution in big cities is getting worse. 考点四 词义辨析：pollution vs pollutant 说明：「pollution」指污染这种现象/状态；「pollutant」指污染物(具体物质)。 例句：Pollution is bad for health. / Pollutants include smoke and chemicals. 考点五 重点用法：动词搭配 说明：动词「pollute」常用搭配pollute sth with sth(用…污染…) 例句：Factories pollute the air with smoke. certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某种，某些 课本原句：Moreover, human activities are warming the earth. As a result, certain wild animals may not have a ___ or enough food to eat. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「certain」可表「某种/某些」(作形容词)或「确定的」(作表语)。副词certainly(当然)。 例句：Certainly, I'll help you. 考点二 同义转换：certain 说明：certain(某种) = some / particular(某些，特定的)；certain(确定) = sure(确信的)。 例句：Certain animals are endangered. (= Some animals) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：for certain(肯定地)；make certain(确保)；a certain(某种，某些)；certain of(确信)。 例句：I can't say for certain when he will arrive. 考点四 词义辨析：certain vs sure 说明：「certain」和「sure」都表「确定的」；「certain」更正式，「sure」更口语。 例句：I'm certain he will come. / I'm sure he will come. 考点五 重点用法：a certain 说明：「a certain + 名词」表「某一/某种」，后接单数可数名词。 例句：A certain Mr. Smith called you this morning. illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病，病 课本原句：We hope you can accept our ___ (invite) to protect them. 课本原句：There are ___ reasons like illnesses and natural disasters. 考点一 词形转换 说明：「illness」是可数名词，复数illnesses。形容词ill(生病的)。 例句：She has been ill for a week. 考点二 同义转换：illness 说明：illness(疾病) = sickness / disease(疾病)；illness较正式，sickness较口语。 例句：He is absent because of illness. (= sickness) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：serious illness(重病)；mental illness(精神疾病)；suffer from an illness(患某病)；recover from an illness(病愈)。 例句：She recovered from a serious illness. 考点四 词义辨析：illness vs disease 说明：「illness」泛指生病的状态/患病期；「disease」指具体的疾病种类(如流感、癌症)。 例句：He is suffering from a rare disease. 考点五 重点用法：派生形容词 说明：形容词「ill」意为「生病的」，多作表语；「sick」可作表语或定语。 例句：He fell ill last week. (= He got sick.) - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $