Unit 1 重点词汇核心考点精讲 2026-2027学年八年级英语上册新教材译林版

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过词性分类表格与考点分层框架系统构建了单词学习体系，将名词、动词、形容词等28个核心词汇按“词形转换-同义转换-固定搭配-词义辨析-重点用法”的逻辑梳理，清晰呈现考点分布与内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“语境化考点解析”，每个单词均结合课本原句设计例句，如“honest”通过“be honest with sb”等固定搭配强化语言运用能力，“lie”的多义辨析培养思维品质。基础考点助力薄弱学生夯实基础，深层辨析供优秀学生拓展，为教师实施分层教学提供精准支持。

8AU1重点单词考点精讲 目录检索 friendship 2 honest 2 cheerful 3 humorous 3 caring 4 truth 4 joke 5 laugh 5 teenager 6 unhappy 6 lie 7 person 7 thought 8 ponytail 8 seat 9 schoolwork 9 trustworthy 10 carefully 10 understand 11 bit 12 a little bit 12 funny 13 sense 13 humour 14 sense of humour 14 bored 15 energetic 15 active 16 encourage 16 believe 17 face 17 secret 18 keep secrets 18 worse 19 worst 19 height 20 sec. 20 test 21 badminton 21 however 22 balloon 22 scared 23 fight 23 dead 24 attack 24 gone 25 danger 25 brave 26 get along with sb 26 listener 27 nod 27 feeling 28 once 28 patient 29 thoughtful 29 secret 30 词性分类 【名词 (n.)】friendship、truth、joke、teenager、person、thought、ponytail、seat、schoolwork、bit、sense、humour、secret、height、test、badminton、balloon、danger、listener、feeling 【动词 (v./vi./vt.)】laugh、lie、carefully、understand、encourage、believe、face、however、fight、attack、nod 【形容词 (adj.)】honest、cheerful、humorous、caring、unhappy、trustworthy、funny、bored、energetic、active、worse、worst、scared、dead、gone、brave、patient、thoughtful 【abbr.】sec. 【conj.】once 【短语】a little bit、sense of humour、keep secrets、get along with sb friendship /ˈfrendʃɪp/ n. 友谊 课本原句：Friendships enrich our lives. 课本原句：I know the importance of friendship and how to get along with friends. 考点一 词形转换 说明："friendship"是名词，"friend"是名词，"friendly"是形容词。注意区分：friend(朋友,可数)与friendship(友谊,不可数)。 例句：True friendship is more valuable than gold. 考点二 同义转换：friendship 说明：friendship = companionship/bond(友谊，情谊)；同义短语：a strong/lasting friendship(深厚的/持久的友谊)。 例句：They have a friendship that has lasted for over ten years. (= They have a companionship that has lasted for over ten years.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明："friendship"常与形容词搭配：strong/true/lasting/deep friendship(真挚的/真正的/持久的/深厚的友谊)；friendship with sb(与某人的友谊)。 例句：He has built a strong friendship with his classmates. 考点四 词义辨析：friendship vs friend 说明："friend"是可数名词"朋友"，"friendship"是不可数名词"友谊"；"friends"是复数"朋友们"。 例句：Betty is my best friend, and our friendship means everything to me. 考点五 重点用法：复数形式 说明："friendship"一般用单数，但"friendships"可指"多段友谊"，更强调多元化的人际关系。 例句：Friendships enrich our lives.（友谊丰富我们的生活。） honest /ˈɒnɪst/ adj. 诚实的；正直的 课本原句：They should also be honest. They don't lie to you, so you can trust them. 考点一 词形转换 说明："honest"是形容词，名词形式为"honesty"(诚实)，副词形式为"honestly"(诚实地)，反义词为"dishonest"(不诚实的)。 例句：Honesty is the best policy. 考点二 同义转换：honest 说明：honest = truthful / sincere / frank(诚实的)；尤指"不说谎、不欺骗"。 例句：He is an honest boy. (= He is a truthful boy.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be honest with sb(对某人诚实)；to be honest(说实话,作插入语)；an honest answer(诚实的回答)。 例句：To be honest, I don't like the book very much. 考点四 词义辨析：honest vs frank 说明："honest"强调不说谎、言行一致；"frank"强调直言不讳、不隐瞒。 例句：She is honest about her mistakes, and frank about her feelings. 考点五 重点用法：look/seem/appear honest 说明："honest"常与系动词搭配：look honest(看起来诚实)、seem honest(似乎诚实)。 例句：He looks honest, but don't trust him too quickly. cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的；乐观的 课本原句：Max is also a cheerful person. 课本原句：Joan is also a cheerful person. She likes to look on the bright side. 考点一 词形转换 说明："cheerful"是形容词，名词形式为"cheer"(欢呼；愉快)，副词形式为"cheerfully"(欢快地)，反义词为"cheerless"(不愉快的)。 例句：The crowd cheered cheerfully as the team scored. 考点二 同义转换：cheerful 说明：cheerful = happy / joyful / pleasant(快乐的)；尤指"心情愉快、乐观向上"。 例句：She is a cheerful girl. (= She is a joyful girl.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a cheerful person(乐观的人)；a cheerful smile/voice(愉快的笑容/声音)；cheerful about sth(对…感到高兴)。 例句：She greeted us with a cheerful smile. 考点四 词义辨析：cheerful vs happy 说明："cheerful"强调"心情开朗、给人看得到的愉快"；"happy"强调内心的幸福感。 例句：She looked cheerful even when things went wrong, because she was truly happy inside. 考点五 重点用法：cheer sb up 说明："cheerful"与动词cheer搭配：cheer sb up(使某人振作起来)。 例句：She always cheers me up when I feel down. humorous /ˈhjuːmərəs/ adj. 幽默的 课本原句：Max has a great sense of humour. 考点一 词形转换 说明："humorous"是形容词，名词形式为"humour"(幽默)，英式拼写"humour"，美式拼写"humor"。 例句：She has a great sense of humour. 考点二 同义转换：humorous 说明：humorous = funny / amusing / witty(幽默的)；强调"让人发笑、有趣"。 例句：He tells humorous stories. (= He tells amusing stories.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a humorous person(幽默的人)；a humorous speech/story(幽默的演讲/故事)。 例句：He gave a humorous speech that made everyone laugh. 考点四 词义辨析：humorous vs funny 说明："humorous"更正式，强调"有幽默感的"；"funny"口语化，强调"好笑的、滑稽的"。 例句：He is a humorous speaker with a funny style. 考点五 重点用法：派生词 说明："humour"是名词，构成短语：a sense of humour(幽默感)。 例句：A good friend should have a sense of humour. caring /ˈkeərɪŋ/ adj. 关心他人的，体贴人的 课本原句：good friends should be kind and caring. 课本原句：Joan is caring and thoughtful. 考点一 词形转换 说明："caring"是形容词(由动词care的现在分词转化而来)，名词形式为"care"(关心；照料)。 例句：She shows great care for her younger brother. 考点二 同义转换：caring 说明：caring = kind / thoughtful / considerate(体贴的)；尤指"关心他人感受的"。 例句：She is a caring mother. (= She is a kind mother.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be caring about/towards sb(关心某人)；a caring person(体贴的人)。 例句：He is caring towards his grandparents. 考点四 词义辨析：caring vs careful 说明："caring"指"关心他人、慈爱的"；"careful"指"小心的、仔细的"。 例句：She is caring about her sick mother and careful with the medicine. 考点五 重点用法：派生搭配 说明：care(关心)→ caring(adj.关心人的)；careful(adj.仔细的)；carefully(adv.仔细地)。 例句：He is caring about his friends and careful in his work. truth /truːθ/ n. 事实；真相 课本原句：Tell the truth. 考点一 词形转换 说明："truth"是名词，形容词形式为"true"(真的)，副词形式为"truly"(真正地)。 例句：Tell the truth. Be true to yourself. 考点二 同义转换：truth 说明：truth = fact / reality(事实，真相)；反义词为"lie/falsehood"(谎言，假话)。 例句：Tell the truth! (= Tell the fact!) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：tell the truth(说真话)；in truth(事实上)；to tell the truth(说实话,作插入语)。 例句：To tell the truth, I forgot about it. 考点四 词义辨析：truth vs fact 说明："truth"强调"事情的真相、真实性"；"fact"强调"客观存在的事实"。 例句：The truth is that he didn't know the facts. 考点五 重点用法：复数形式 说明："truth"通常为不可数名词，但"truths"可指多个真理(如科学真理)。 例句：There are some universal truths about friendship. joke /dʒəʊk/ n. 笑话，玩笑 课本原句：He often tells jokes and makes us laugh. 考点一 词形转换 说明："joke"既可作名词(笑话)也可作动词(开玩笑)。派生词"joker"(爱开玩笑的人)。 例句：He is a joker who loves to make jokes. 考点二 同义转换：joke 说明：joke = funny story / wisecrack(笑话)；动词"joke"= make fun of(开玩笑)。 例句：He told a joke. (= He told a funny story.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：tell/make a joke(讲笑话)；play a joke on sb(开某人的玩笑)；have a joke with sb(和某人开玩笑)。 例句：Don't play a joke on him. He's serious. 考点四 词义辨析：joke vs trick 说明："joke"是"善意的玩笑"；"trick"通常指"恶作剧、诡计"。 例句：It was a joke, not a trick. 考点五 重点用法：tell jokes 说明：tell jokes(讲笑话)中的"jokes"必须用复数；a joke(一个笑话)。 例句：He often tells jokes to make us laugh. laugh /lɑːf/ vi. & vt. 笑，发笑 课本原句：He often tells jokes and makes us laugh. 课本原句：Share funny stories and laugh with friends. 考点一 词形转换 说明："laugh"是动词，名词形式为"laugh"(笑声)。派生词"laughter"(笑声，不可数)。 例句：His laugh made everyone happy. 考点二 同义转换：laugh 说明：laugh = smile(微笑)/ chuckle(轻声笑)/ giggle(咯咯笑)；反义词为"cry/weep"(哭)。 例句：They laughed at the funny story. (= They smiled at the funny story.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：laugh at sb/sth(嘲笑某人/某事)；laugh with sb(和某人一起笑)；laugh out loud(大笑出声)。 例句：Don't laugh at others' mistakes. 考点四 词义辨析：laugh at vs laugh to 说明："laugh at"嘲笑；"laugh to oneself"自笑；"laugh over"笑着谈论。 例句：They laughed over the funny story together. 考点五 重点用法：make sb laugh 说明："make sb laugh"意为"使某人发笑"，类似make sb do结构。 例句：He often tells jokes to make us laugh. teenager /ˈtiːneɪdʒə(r)/ n. 青少年 课本原句：Teenagers magazine has received many articles from students about their best friends. 课本原句：Write to Teenagers magazine about your best friend. 考点一 词形转换 说明："teenager"由"teen"(13-19岁)+"-age"(年龄段)+"r"(后缀)构成。复数形式"teenagers"。 例句：Most teenagers love music and sports. 考点二 同义转换：teenager 说明：teenager = adolescent / young person(青少年，十几岁的孩子)；尤指13-19岁。 例句：He is a teenager. (= He is an adolescent.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a teenage boy/girl(青少年男孩/女孩)；teenage years(青少年时期)。 例句：She spent her teenage years in Beijing. 考点四 词义辨析：teenager vs young 说明："teenager"特指13-19岁；"young person"泛指年轻人；"child"指儿童。 例句：As a teenager, he liked reading books. 考点五 重点用法：复数形式 说明："teenager"是可数名词，单复数变化：a teenager(一个少女)，many teenagers(许多青少年)。 例句：There are many teenagers in the park. unhappy /ʌnˈhæpi/ adj. 不开心的 课本原句：They support you when you are unhappy. 考点一 词形转换 说明："unhappy"是形容词，前缀"un-"表示否定。副词形式为"unhappily"(不开心地)，名词形式为"unhappiness"(不快乐)。 例句：Her unhappiness showed on her face. 考点二 同义转换：unhappy 说明：unhappy = sad / miserable / gloomy(不开心的)；反义词为"happy/cheerful"(开心的)。 例句：She was unhappy. (= She was sad.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be unhappy about/with sth(对某事不满意)；feel unhappy(感到不开心)。 例句：He is unhappy about the result. 考点四 词义辨析：unhappy vs sad 说明："unhappy"略带克制；"sad"普通用词；"miserable"程度更深。 例句：She felt sad but not miserable. 考点五 重点用法：前缀否定 说明：unhappy = un + happy；类似前缀词：unlucky(不幸的)、unkind(不友善的)、unfair(不公平的)。 例句：He is unlucky but not unhappy. lie /laɪ/ vi. 撒谎 课本原句：They should also be honest. They don't lie to you, so you can trust them. 考点一 词形转换 说明："lie"有多个含义：vi.撒谎(过去式lied,过去分词lied)；vi.躺(过去式lay,过去分词lain)；n.谎言。 例句：He lied to me about his age. 考点二 同义转换：lie 说明：lie(v.撒谎) = tell a lie / tell untruths(说谎)；名词lie = falsehood / untruth(谎言)。 例句：He lied to me. (= He told a lie to me.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：lie to sb(对某人撒谎)；lie about sth(就某事撒谎)；tell a lie(说谎)。 例句：Don't lie to your parents. 考点四 词义辨析：lie vs lay 说明："lie"-lied-lied-lying(撒谎)；"lie"-lay-lain-lying(躺下)；"lay"-laid-laid-laying(放置)。 例句：He lay on the bed and lied about his work. 考点五 重点用法：lie in / lie with 说明：lie in(在于)；lie with(是…的责任)。 例句：The problem lies in our lack of communication. person /ˈpɜːsn/ n. 人，个人 课本原句：Max is also a cheerful person. 课本原句：he's a really cheerful person. 考点一 词形转换 说明："person"是可数名词，复数形式"people"(人们)或"persons"(个人,正式用法)。派生词"personal"(个人的)。 例句：He is a personal friend of mine. 考点二 同义转换：person 说明：person = individual / human(个人，人)；复数people = humans(人们)。 例句：He is a kind person. (= He is a kind individual.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in person(亲自)；a person of...（一个有…品质的人）；a young person(年轻人)。 例句：He came to the meeting in person. 考点四 词义辨析：person vs people 说明："person"单数(一个人)；"people"复数(人们)，单数含义(民族)用"a people"。 例句：There are many people in the park. 考点五 重点用法：person + adj. 说明："person"前后可加形容词：a kind/caring/honest person(善良/体贴/诚实的人)。 例句：He is a really cheerful person. thought /θɔːt/ n. 想法，主意 课本原句：Thank you for sharing your thoughts, class. 课本原句：He thought, "The bear will leave me alone if it thinks I'm dead." 考点一 词形转换 说明："thought"是名词(想法)，也是动词think(想)的过去式和过去分词。派生词"thoughtful"(深思的)。 例句：He is a thoughtful boy who thinks deeply. 考点二 同义转换：thought 说明：thought = idea / opinion / belief(想法，主见)；复数thoughts意为"想法、意见"。 例句：Thank you for sharing your thoughts. (= Thank you for sharing your ideas.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：share one's thoughts(分享想法)；have a thought(有一个想法)；deep in thought(陷入沉思)。 例句：He sat deep in thought about the problem. 考点四 词义辨析：thought vs idea 说明："thought"指"经过思考的想法"；"idea"指"任何想法、主意"。 例句：I have an idea, but I need to think about it more. 考点五 重点用法：on second thought 说明：on second thought(经重新考虑)；可作插入语。 例句：On second thought, I'll stay home. ponytail /ˈpəʊniteɪl/ n. 马尾辫 课本原句：she usually wears it in a ponytail. 考点一 词形转换 说明："ponytail"是合成名词，pony(小马)+tail(尾巴)。派生词"ponytailed"(留马尾辫的)。 例句：She is a ponytailed girl. 考点二 同义转换：ponytail 说明：in a ponytail = with hair tied back(扎成马尾辫)；近义词braid(辫子)。 例句：She wears her hair in a ponytail. (= She wears her hair tied back.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：wear one's hair in a ponytail(将头发扎成马尾辫)；a high/low ponytail(高/低马尾)。 例句：The little girl wore her hair in a high ponytail. 考点四 词义辨析：ponytail vs braid 说明："ponytail"是马尾辫(束发)；"braid"是辫子(编织)；"bun"是发髻。 例句：She wears her hair in a ponytail, while her sister wears a braid. 考点五 重点用法：可数名词 说明："ponytail"是可数名词：a ponytail(一个马尾辫)、two ponytails(两个马尾辫)。 例句：She tied her hair into a ponytail before sports. seat /siːt/ n. 座位 课本原句：She always gives up her seat on the bus to someone in need. 考点一 词形转换 说明："seat"既是名词(座位)也是动词(坐下/就座)。注意：sit是不及物动词，seat是及物动词。 例句：Please be seated. (= Please sit down.) 考点二 同义转换：seat 说明：seat(n.座位) = chair / place(座位)；seat(v.就座) = sit / take one's seat(坐下)。 例句：He took his seat. (= He sat down.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：give up one's seat(让座)；have/take a seat(坐下)；the driver's seat(驾驶座)。 例句：She always gives up her seat on the bus. 考点四 词义辨析：seat vs sit 说明："sit"是不及物动词(坐)；"seat"是及物动词(使就座)，常用于被动语态be seated。 例句：Please seat yourself. (= Please sit down.) 考点五 重点用法：seat sb 说明：seat sb = 给某人安排座位；类似用法：seat the guests(安排客人就座)。 例句：The host seated the guests at the table. schoolwork /ˈskuːlwɜːk/ n. 学校作业 课本原句：she often helps us with our schoolwork. 考点一 词形转换 说明："schoolwork"是合成名词，school(学校)+work(作业)。派生词"homework"(家庭作业)。 例句：He always finishes his homework on time. 考点二 同义转换：schoolwork 说明：schoolwork = homework / school assignment(学校作业)；指在学校或在家完成的功课。 例句：She helps us with our schoolwork. (= She helps us with our homework.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：help sb with schoolwork(帮助某人做作业)；do schoolwork(做作业)。 例句：She often helps us with our schoolwork. 考点四 词义辨析：schoolwork vs homework 说明："schoolwork"统指学校作业；"homework"特指家庭作业。 例句：He does his schoolwork at home. 考点五 重点用法：不可数名词 说明："schoolwork"是不可数名词，没有复数形式，不能用a/an。 例句：Doing schoolwork takes up most of her time. trustworthy /ˈtrʌstwɜːði/ adj. 值得信赖的 课本原句：Betty is also trustworthy. 课本原句：Kate is also a trustworthy friend. 考点一 词形转换 说明："trustworthy"由trust(信任)+worthy(值得的)构成。动词trust(信任)；名词trust(信任)。 例句：I have great trust in him. 考点二 同义转换：trustworthy 说明：trustworthy = reliable / dependable / faithful(值得信赖的)；强调"靠得住的"。 例句：He is a trustworthy friend. (= He is a reliable friend.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a trustworthy person/friend(值得信赖的人/朋友)；trustworthy source(可靠的来源)。 例句：She's a trustworthy friend I can count on. 考点四 词义辨析：trustworthy vs trusting 说明："trustworthy"主动含义(值得他人信任)；"trusting"被动含义(容易信任他人)。 例句：She is trustworthy but not too trusting. 考点五 重点用法：复合形容词 说明：-worthy后缀：trustworthy(值得信赖的)、praiseworthy(值得赞扬的)、noteworthy(值得注意的)。 例句：He is a praiseworthy student. carefully /ˈkeəfəlɪ/ adv. 仔细地；小心地 课本原句：She listens to me carefully and understands me quite well. 考点一 词形转换 说明："carefully"是副词(由形容词careful+ly构成)。形容词careful(仔细的)；名词care(小心)。 例句：Be careful with the glass. 考点二 同义转换：carefully 说明：carefully = cautiously / attentively(仔细地，小心翼翼地)；反义词为carelessly(粗心地)。 例句：She drives carefully. (= She drives cautiously.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：listen carefully(仔细听)；read carefully(仔细读)；look carefully(仔细看)。 例句：Please listen to me carefully. 考点四 词义辨析：carefully vs caringly 说明："carefully"指"小心地"；"caringly"指"关心地"。 例句：She watches her sister carefully and treats her caringly. 考点五 重点用法：副词位置 说明：副词"carefully"可放动词后(She listens carefully)或句首(Carefully, she opened the door)。 例句：She listens to me carefully. understand /ˌʌndəˈstænd/ vt. & vi. 理解 课本原句：She listens to me carefully and understands me quite well. 课本原句：Try to understand your friends when they are talking. 考点一 词形转换 说明：understand的过去式/过去分词都是understood。名词形式为"understanding"(理解；协议)。 例句：We reached an understanding about the plan. 考点二 同义转换：understand 说明：understand = comprehend / grasp / know(理解，懂)；反义词为"misunderstand"(误解)。 例句：I understand the problem. (= I comprehend the problem.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：understand sb(理解某人)；understand what/how clause(明白…)；make oneself understood(表达清楚)。 例句：Try to understand your friends when they are talking. 考点四 词义辨析：understand vs know 说明："understand"强调"理解、懂得"；"know"强调"知道、了解"。 例句：I know the fact, but I don't understand it. 考点五 重点用法：understand + doing 说明：understand + doing/to do；不能接sb to do。 例句：I understand your feeling sad. bit /bɪt/ n. 少量 课本原句：They make him look a little bit funny. 考点一 词形转换 说明："bit"是bite(咬)的过去式。还可作名词"一点、一些"。 例句：The dog bit the bone. 考点二 同义转换：bit 说明：a bit of = a little / a piece of(一点儿)；可修饰不可数名词。 例句：He is a bit tired. (= He is a little tired.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a bit of(一点点)；a bit(修饰形容词/副词)；not a bit(一点也不)；bit by bit(慢慢地)。 例句：Bit by bit, he made progress. 考点四 词义辨析：a bit vs a little 说明：a bit后可接of+名词；a little后直接接不可数名词。修饰形容词/副词时两者均可。 例句：He is a bit/a little tired. 考点五 重点用法：可数与不可数 说明：a bit of + 不可数名词；a bit of后可接a bit of money/a bit of luck等。 例句：There is a bit of milk in the glass. a little bit 短语 有点儿 课本原句：They make him look a little bit funny. 考点一 词形转换 说明："a little bit"是固定短语，等于"a bit"或"a little"，意为"有点儿"。 例句：He is a little bit tired. 考点二 同义转换：a little bit 说明：a little bit = a bit / a little / somewhat(有点儿，稍微)；用于修饰形容词或副词。 例句：He feels a little bit better. (= He feels a bit better.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a little bit of + 不可数名词(一点儿)；a little bit + adj./adv.(有点儿)。 例句：She added a little bit of sugar to the tea. 考点四 词义辨析：a little bit vs a little 说明：两者可互换，"a little bit"更口语化；"a little"稍正式。 例句：I am a little bit/a little tired. 考点五 重点用法：程度副词 说明：修饰形容词/副词时放在其前：a little bit funny(有点滑稽)。 例句：They make him look a little bit funny. funny /ˈfʌni/ adj. 好笑的 课本原句：They make him look a little bit funny. 课本原句：Share funny stories and laugh with friends. 考点一 词形转换 说明："funny"是形容词，副词形式"funnily"(滑稽地)；名词形式"fun"(乐趣)。 例句：The story is fun. It's funny. 考点二 同义转换：funny 说明：funny = amusing / humorous / comical(好笑的，滑稽的)；还有"奇怪的"含义。 例句：The film is funny. (= The film is amusing.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a funny story/joke(好笑的故事/笑话)；a funny person(有趣的人)；funny look(奇怪的表情)。 例句：She told a funny story to make us laugh. 考点四 词义辨析：funny vs fun 说明："funny"形容"好笑的"；"fun"形容"有趣的、开心的"。 例句：The party was fun, and the jokes were funny. 考点五 重点用法：多义词 说明：funny主要含义：①好笑的；②奇怪的(There's something funny about him.)。 例句：There's something funny about the sound. sense /sens/ n. 理解力；感觉 课本原句：Max has a great sense of humour. 考点一 词形转换 说明："sense"是名词(感觉；感官)，也作动词(感觉到)。形容词形式"sensible"(明智的)、"sensitive"(敏感的)。 例句：He is a sensible person. 考点二 同义转换：sense 说明：sense of humour = sense of fun(幽默感)；sense = feeling / awareness(感觉；意识)。 例句：He has a sense of humour. (= He has a sense of fun.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a sense of humour(幽默感)；a sense of responsibility(责任感)；in a sense(在某种意义上)。 例句：He has a great sense of humour. 考点四 词义辨析：sensible vs sensitive 说明："sensible"明智的；"sensitive"敏感的；"senseless"无意义的。 例句：He is sensible but sensitive to criticism. 考点五 重点用法：make sense 说明：make sense(有意义，讲得通)；make no sense(没意义)。 例句：What you said makes no sense. humour /ˈhjuːmə(r)/ n. (=AmE humor) 幽默 课本原句：Max has a great sense of humour. 课本原句：I like being with him because he has a good sense of humour. 考点一 词形转换 说明："humour"是名词(英式)，美式拼写"humor"。形容词形式"humorous"(幽默的)。 例句：He has a sense of humour. 考点二 同义转换：humour 说明：humour = wit / comedy / funniness(幽默)；动词"humour"= please(哄/迎合某人)。 例句：He has a great sense of humour. (= He has a great sense of wit.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a sense of humour(幽默感)；have a good sense of humour(很有幽默感)；black humour(黑色幽默)。 例句：He has a good sense of humour. 考点四 词义辨析：humour vs mood 说明："humour"幽默(性格特质)；"mood"心情(短暂情绪)。 例句：He is in a good mood and has a great sense of humour. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：humour vt. 迁就，哄(某人)；常见用法：humour a child(哄孩子)。 例句：She humoured her little brother by reading him a story. sense of humour 短语 幽默感 课本原句：Max has a great sense of humour. 课本原句：I like being with him because he has a good sense of humour. 考点一 词形转换 说明："sense of humour"是固定短语，sense(感觉)+of+humour(幽默)。 例句：He has a sense of humour. 考点二 同义转换：sense of humour 说明：sense of humour = sense of fun / sense of comedy(幽默感)；相反为"no sense of humour"。 例句：He has a great sense of humour. (= He has a great sense of fun.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：have a good/great sense of humour(有很好的幽默感)；a sense of humour(幽默感)。 例句：She has a good sense of humour. 考点四 词义辨析：sense of humour vs a sense of humour 说明：两者意思相同，"a sense of humour"更强调"一个幽默感"。 例句：He has a sense of humour. 考点五 重点用法：修饰语 说明：可用形容词修饰：good/great/wonderful sense of humour(很好的/极好的/了不起的幽默感)。 例句：Max has a great sense of humour. bored /bɔːd/ adj. 厌倦的；烦闷的 课本原句：You will never feel bored with him around. 课本原句：I'm sure you'll never feel bored with him around. 考点一 词形转换 说明："bored"是形容词(感到厌倦的)，动词bore(使厌倦)。形容词"boring"(令人厌倦的)。 例句：The boring film bored the audience. 考点二 同义转换：bored 说明：bored = tired of / fed up with(感到厌倦的)；-ed形式表示"人的感受"。 例句：I am bored with the class. (= I am tired of the class.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be bored with sth(对…感到厌倦)；be bored of doing sth(对做…感到厌倦)；feel bored(感到无聊)。 例句：You will never feel bored with him around. 考点四 词义辨析：bored vs boring 说明："bored"形容人(感到无聊)；"boring"形容物(令人无聊)。 例句：The lesson is boring, so the students are bored. 考点五 重点用法：-ed/-ing 分词形容词 说明：-ed修饰人(感到…)；-ing修饰物(令人…)：excited/exciting、interested/interesting。 例句：The story is interesting, and I am interested in it. energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj. 精力充沛的 课本原句：Max is very energetic. 课本原句：He must be very energetic. 考点一 词形转换 说明："energetic"是形容词，名词形式"energy"(能量；精力)；副词形式"energetically"(精力充沛地)。 例句：He has a lot of energy. 考点二 同义转换：energetic 说明：energetic = active / lively / vigorous(精力充沛的)；反义词为"tired/exhausted"(疲惫的)。 例句：He is energetic. (= He is active.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：an energetic person(精力充沛的人)；an energetic activity(让人兴奋的活动)。 例句：Max is very energetic. 考点四 词义辨析：energetic vs active 说明："energetic"强调"有力量、有干劲"；"active"强调"积极、活跃"。 例句：He is energetic and active in class. 考点五 重点用法：动词派生 说明：energy(能量)→ energetic(adj.)→ energetically(adv.)；派生链易记。 例句：She works energetically. active /ˈæktɪv/ adj. 活跃的；积极的 课本原句：He stays active by doing sport and other club activities. 考点一 词形转换 说明："active"是形容词，名词形式"activity"(活动)；副词形式"actively"(积极地)；反义词"inactive"(不活跃的)。 例句：He joined in many school activities. 考点二 同义转换：active 说明：active = lively / energetic / dynamic(积极的，活跃的)；反义词为"passive"(被动的)。 例句：He is active. (= He is lively.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be active in(积极参与…)；stay/keep active(保持活跃)；take an active part in(积极参与)。 例句：He stays active by doing sport. 考点四 词义辨析：active vs energetic 说明："active"强调"积极行动"；"energetic"强调"有充沛精力"。 例句：He is active in class and energetic in sports. 考点五 重点用法：active voice 说明：active voice(主动语态)，反义为passive voice(被动语态)。 例句：This sentence is in the active voice. encourage /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/ vt. 鼓励 课本原句：but he always encourages me to keep trying. 课本原句：he cheers me up and encourages me to keep going. 考点一 词形转换 说明："encourage"是动词，名词形式"encouragement"(鼓励)；形容词"encouraging"(鼓舞人心的)。 例句：Your words are encouraging. 考点二 同义转换：encourage 说明：encourage = inspire / motivate / support(鼓励)；反义词为"discourage"(使气馁)。 例句：He encouraged me. (= He inspired me.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：encourage sb to do sth(鼓励某人做某事)；encourage sb in sth(在某方面鼓励某人)。 例句：He always encourages me to keep trying. 考点四 词义辨析：encourage vs cheer up 说明："encourage"指"鼓励、激励"(持续动力)；"cheer up"指"使振作"(短暂情绪)。 例句：She cheers me up when I'm sad, and encourages me to keep going. 考点五 重点用法：encourage 后接什么 说明：encourage sb to do sth(鼓励某人做某事)；不能说encourage sb doing sth。 例句：She encourages him to study harder. believe /bɪˈliːv/ vt. 相信 课本原句：I believe we will be best friends for life. 考点一 词形转换 说明："believe"是动词，名词形式"belief"(信念)；形容词"believable"(可信的)。 例句：He has a strong belief in himself. 考点二 同义转换：believe 说明：believe = trust / have faith in(相信)；反义词为"doubt"(怀疑)。 例句：I believe him. (= I trust him.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：believe in sth/sb(相信…存在/相信…的品质)；believe what... (相信…所言)。 例句：I believe in friendship. 考点四 词义辨析：believe vs believe in 说明："believe sb"相信某人(所说的话)；"believe in sb"相信某人的人格/信仰。 例句：I believe him, but I don't believe in his ideas. 考点五 重点用法：believe it or not 说明：believe it or not(信不信由你)，常作插入语。 例句：Believe it or not, he is only ten years old. face /feɪs/ vt. 面临；面对 课本原句：When I face difficult tasks and feel like giving up, 考点一 词形转换 说明："face"既是名词(脸)也是动词(面对)。短语"facial"(面部的)。 例句：She has a beautiful face. 考点二 同义转换：face 说明：face(v.面对) = confront / be faced with(面对)；face(n.脸) = features(容貌)。 例句：He faces the difficulty. (= He confronts the difficulty.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：face to face(面对面)；face up to(勇敢面对)；in the face of(面对)；face the music(承担后果)。 例句：We need to face up to the challenge. 考点四 词义辨析：face vs confront 说明："face"普通用词；"confront"更正式，强调"主动、正面"。 例句：He faced/confronted the danger bravely. 考点五 重点用法：face doing 说明：face + doing/to do sth(面对做某事)；be faced with(面对)。 例句：When I face doing difficult tasks, I keep trying. secret /ˈsiːkrət/ n. 秘密 课本原句：she always tries to help and keeps it secret. 课本原句：great at keeping secrets 考点一 词形转换 说明："secret"既是名词(秘密)也是形容词(秘密的)。副词"secretly"(秘密地)。 例句：He secretly left the room. 考点二 同义转换：secret 说明：secret(n.秘密) = mystery / hidden truth(秘密)；形容词"secret" = confidential(保密的)。 例句：Can you keep a secret? (= Can you keep a confidential matter?) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：keep a secret(保守秘密)；in secret(秘密地)；the secret of...(…的秘密)。 例句：She is great at keeping secrets. 考点四 词义辨析：secret vs mystery 说明："secret"指"主动隐藏的事"；"mystery"指"难以理解的事"。 例句：The secret of his success is still a mystery. 考点五 重点用法：keep sth secret 说明：keep sth secret(对某事保密)；keep it secret from sb(对某人保密)。 例句：She always keeps it secret from her parents. keep secrets 短语 保密 课本原句：great at keeping secrets 考点一 词形转换 说明："keep secrets"是固定短语，keep(保持)+secrets(秘密)。 例句：She is great at keeping secrets. 考点二 同义转换：keep secrets 说明：keep secrets = keep sth secret / keep sth to oneself(保守秘密)。 例句：She keeps secrets well. (= She keeps things secret.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：keep secrets from sb(对某人保密)；keep a secret(保守一个秘密)；keep it secret(保密)。 例句：Don't keep secrets from your parents. 考点四 词义辨析：keep secrets vs keep secret 说明：keep secrets(保守多个秘密)；keep sth secret(对某事保密)。 例句：She keeps secrets and keeps her own life secret. 考点五 重点用法：动词短语 说明：keep + 宾语 + 宾补：keep it secret(使它保密)；类似：keep quiet(保持安静)。 例句：She keeps the matter secret. worse /wɜːs/ adj. (bad 的比较级) 更差的 课本原句：bad → worse（语法表） 考点一 词形转换 说明："worse"是bad(坏)的比较级，"worst"是最高级。原级bad-better(好)/worse(差)。 例句：This is bad, but that is worse. 考点二 同义转换：worse 说明：worse = less good / inferior(更差的)；反义词为"better"(更好的)。 例句：This is worse than that. (= This is less good than that.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：worse and worse(越来越差)；from bad to worse(每况愈下)；be worse off(更糟糕)。 例句：Things got worse and worse. 考点四 词义辨析：bad vs worse 说明："bad"原级(坏)；"worse"比较级(更差)；比较结构：than...用比较级。 例句：Today is worse than yesterday. 考点五 重点用法：形容词/副词 说明：worse既可作形容词也可作副词：worse than(比…更差)。 例句：He sings worse than me. worst /wɜːst/ adj. (bad 的最高级) 最差的 课本原句：bad → worst（语法表） 考点一 词形转换 说明："worst"是bad(坏)的最高级。最高级前通常加the：the worst(最差的)。 例句：He is the worst player in the team. 考点二 同义转换：worst 说明：worst = the least good / most terrible(最差的)；反义词为"best"(最好的)。 例句：She is the worst. (= She is the most terrible.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：the worst (of all)(最差)；at worst(最坏的情况下)；at one's worst(在某人的最差状态)。 例句：At worst, we'll be late. 考点四 词义辨析：bad worse worst 说明：原级bad(坏)→ 比较级worse(更差)→ 最高级worst(最差)；不规则变化。 例句：Of the three, he is the worst. 考点五 重点用法：副词用法 说明：worst也可作副词：the worst dressed(穿得最差的)。 例句：He sings (the) worst in the class. height /haɪt/ n. 身高；高度 课本原句：He is the tallest boy in our class—almost 1.8 metres tall. 课本原句：Height (cm) 考点一 词形转换 说明："height"是名词(身高；高度)。形容词"high"(高的)；副词"highly"(高度地)。 例句：The mountain is very high. 考点二 同义转换：height 说明：height = altitude / stature(身高；高度)；反义词为"depth"(深度)。 例句：What is his height? (= What is his stature?) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：the height of...(…的高度)；at the height of(在…最盛时)；in height(在高度上)。 例句：He is almost 1.8 metres in height. 考点四 词义辨析：height vs high 说明：high(adj.高的)；height(n.高度)；hight(古英语，今用height)。 例句：The tree is high, and its height is 5 metres. 考点五 重点用法：身高表达 说明：1.8 metres tall(in height)；询问身高：What is his height? 例句：He is 1.8 metres in height. sec. /sek/ abbr. (=second) 秒 课本原句：50m swimming (sec.) 考点一 词形转换 说明："sec."是缩写形式，全称"second"(秒；片刻)。还可作形容词"第二的"。 例句：Wait a second, please. 考点二 同义转换：sec. 说明：sec. = second(秒)；秒的缩写：s.、sec.均可。 例句：He swam 50m in 60 sec. (= He swam 50m in 60 seconds.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：sec.用于时间记录：50m swimming (sec.)(50米游泳秒数)；a sec.(一会儿,口语)。 例句：Hold on a sec, please. 考点四 词义辨析：sec. vs second 说明："sec."是缩写形式，用于书面；"second"是完整形式，口语和书面均可。 例句：He finished in 60 seconds = 60 sec. 考点五 重点用法：多义 说明：second有多个含义：①秒；②第二；③片刻(a second)；④附和(second a proposal)。 例句：He came back in a second. test /test/ n. 测验，考查；试验 课本原句：Simon's test score for the standing long jump is Peter's. 考点一 词形转换 说明："test"是名词也是动词(测试)。派生词"testing"(测试)；形容词"tested"(经过测试的)。 例句：The drug has been tested. 考点二 同义转换：test 说明：test = exam / examination / quiz(测试)；动词test = examine / check(检测)。 例句：He took a test. (= He took an exam.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：take/have a test(参加考试)；pass/fail a test(通过/未通过考试)；test score(考试分数)。 例句：He did well in the test. 考点四 词义辨析：test vs exam 说明："test"通常指"小测验"；"exam"通常指"正式考试"。 例句：We have a test today and an exam next week. 考点五 重点用法：动词用法 说明：test sb/sth(测试某人/某物)；test on sth(在…上测试)。 例句：The scientist tested the new medicine on mice. badminton /ˈbædmɪntən/ n. 羽毛球运动 课本原句：We played badminton for about an hour. 考点一 词形转换 说明："badminton"是名词，专指羽毛球运动。相关词"racket"(球拍)；"shuttlecock"(羽毛球)。 例句：He bought a new badminton racket. 考点二 同义转换：badminton 说明：badminton是专有名词，无同义词。可替换为play shuttlecock(口语)。 例句：We played badminton. (= We played shuttlecock.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：play badminton(打羽毛球)；a badminton match(羽毛球比赛)；badminton racket(羽毛球拍)。 例句：We played badminton for an hour. 考点四 词义辨析：badminton vs tennis 说明：两者都是球拍运动，但羽毛球用shuttlecock，网球用tennis ball。 例句：Badminton is faster than tennis. 考点五 重点用法：体育运动名词 说明："play + 球类运动"中间不加the：play badminton(打羽毛球)。 例句：Let's play badminton after school. however /haʊˈevə(r)/ adv. 然而 课本原句：However, Simon is kind enough to give me many useful tips. 考点一 词形转换 说明："however"是副词(然而)也是连词(无论怎样)。不能和but连用。 例句：It is hard. However, I'll try. 考点二 同义转换：however 说明：however = but / yet / nevertheless(然而，可是)；however更正式。 例句：However, I didn't go. (= But I didn't go.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：however + adj./adv.(无论怎样)：However hard you try,...(无论你多努力,…) 例句：However hard he works, he never gives up. 考点四 词义辨析：however vs but 说明："however"用作连词可放句首、句中、句尾，前后可加逗号；"but"只连接句子。 例句：I was tired. However, I kept going. 考点五 重点用法：however 位置 说明：however可放句首、句中、句尾；放句中时前后用逗号隔开。 例句：He is, however, a good friend. balloon /bəˈluːn/ n. 气球 课本原句：Later, a boy's balloon got caught in a tree 考点一 词形转换 说明："balloon"是名词(气球)，也作动词(膨胀)。形容词"balloon-like"(像气球一样的)。 例句：The balloon floated up into the sky. 考点二 同义转换：balloon 说明：balloon是专有名词；近义词：gas balloon(气球)、hot-air balloon(热气球)。 例句：They flew a balloon. (= They flew a hot-air balloon.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：fly a balloon(放气球)；balloon goes up(事情发生,俚语)；a balloon of(一大块,口语)。 例句：The balloon went up slowly. 考点四 词义辨析：balloon vs ball 说明："balloon"是气球(充气)；"ball"是球(各种游戏用球)。 例句：He threw the ball and the balloon flew away. 考点五 重点用法：可数名词 说明：balloon是可数名词：a balloon(一个气球)、balloons(多个气球)。 例句：Children love balloons at parties. scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕；恐惧 课本原句：Suddenly, they saw a bear coming towards them. They were very scared. 考点一 词形转换 说明："scared"是形容词(感到害怕的)，动词scare(使害怕)。形容词"scary"(令人害怕的)。 例句：The scary film scared the children. 考点二 同义转换：scared 说明：scared = afraid / frightened / terrified(害怕的)；-ed形式表示"人的感受"。 例句：I am scared of dogs. (= I am afraid of dogs.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be scared of(害怕)；be scared to do(害怕做…)；scared stiff(吓呆的)。 例句：They were scared of the bear. 考点四 词义辨析：scared vs scary 说明："scared"形容人(感到害怕)；"scary"形容物(令人害怕)。 例句：The horror film is scary, and I am scared. 考点五 重点用法：-ed/-ing 形容词 说明：scared/ed→人；scary/ing→物；类似：bored(感到厌倦)、boring(令人厌倦)。 例句：The dark forest is scary, and I am scared. fight /faɪt/ vt. & vi. 搏斗，打斗；为…斗争 课本原句：He knew he couldn't fight the bear alone, 考点一 词形转换 说明："fight"的过去式/过去分词都是fought。名词形式也是"fight"(战斗)。 例句：He fought bravely in the war. 考点二 同义转换：fight 说明：fight = battle / struggle / combat(搏斗，斗争)；英式拼写：fight/faught。 例句：He fought the bear. (= He battled the bear.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：fight for sth(为…而战)；fight against sb(与某人战斗)；fight with sb(与某人并肩作战)。 例句：They fought for their freedom. 考点四 词义辨析：fight vs struggle 说明："fight"指"战斗、打斗"；"struggle"指"挣扎、奋斗"。 例句：He fought with the bear and struggled to survive. 考点五 重点用法：fight + doing 说明：fight + doing(避免，后接动名词)：fight against doing(反对做某事)。 例句：We must fight against pollution. dead /ded/ adj. 死的 课本原句：He thought, "The bear will leave me alone if it thinks I'm dead." 考点一 词形转换 说明："dead"是形容词，名词形式"death"(死亡)；副词"deadly"(致命的)。 例句：His death was a shock to everyone. 考点二 同义转换：dead 说明：dead = not alive / lifeless(死的)；反义词为"alive/living"(活着的)。 例句：He's dead. (= He's not alive.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：dead tired(累得要死)；dead end(死胡同)；the dead(死者,名词)；in the dead of night(深夜)。 例句：He is dead tired after work. 考点四 词义辨析：dead vs died 说明："dead"是形容词(死的)；"died"是动词die的过去式(死了)。 例句：His dog is dead. His dog died last year. 考点五 重点用法：作副词 说明：dead可作副词，强调程度：dead sure(非常确定)、dead tired(累极了)。 例句：I'm dead sure he'll come. attack /əˈtæk/ vt. & vi. 攻击，袭击 课本原句：The bear came close to the friend on the ground and smelt his head, but it didn't attack. 考点一 词形转换 说明："attack"是动词也是名词(攻击)。派生词"attacker"(攻击者)；"attack"还指"疾病发作"。 例句：He had a heart attack. 考点二 同义转换：attack 说明：attack = assault / strike / charge(攻击)；反义词为"defend"(防守)。 例句：The bear attacked him. (= The bear assaulted him.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：attack sb/sth(攻击某人/某物)；a heart attack(心脏病发作)；under attack(受到攻击)。 例句：They were under attack by the enemy. 考点四 词义辨析：attack vs defend 说明：attack(攻击)vs defend(防守)；attack(病发)vs prevent(预防)。 例句：He attacked the problem and defended his point. 考点五 重点用法：名词/动词 说明：attack既是名词(攻击)也是动词(攻击)：launch an attack(发起攻击)。 例句：The enemy launched an attack at dawn. gone /ɡɒn/ adj. 离开了，不在 课本原句：When the bear was gone, the other friend came down from the tree. 考点一 词形转换 说明："gone"是go(去)的过去分词，也作形容词(离开了)。派生词"go"(去)、"going"(正在去)。 例句：He has gone to Beijing. 考点二 同义转换：gone 说明：gone = absent / away / missing(离开的，不在的)；反义词为"present/here"(在场的)。 例句：He is gone. (= He is absent.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be gone(离开)；gone with the wind(随风飘逝)；far gone(深深的,醉的)。 例句：When the bear was gone, we felt safe. 考点四 词义辨析：gone vs been 说明：have gone to(去了某地,不在说话地)；have been to(去过某地,已回来)。 例句：He has gone to Shanghai. He has been to Shanghai. 考点五 重点用法：补语形容词 说明：gone作表语形容词：be/gone(不在了)；还可作定语：a gone case(无可救药的人)。 例句：When I came back, she was gone. danger /ˈdeɪndʒə(r)/ n. 危险 课本原句：a true friend should not leave you in times of danger. 考点一 词形转换 说明："danger"是名词(危险)，形容词"dangerous"(危险的)；副词"dangerously"(危险地)。 例句：The trip is dangerous. 考点二 同义转换：danger 说明：danger = risk / hazard / peril(危险)；反义词为"safety"(安全)。 例句：He is in danger. (= He is at risk.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：in danger(处于危险中)；out of danger(脱离危险)；in danger of(有…的危险)。 例句：A true friend should not leave you in times of danger. 考点四 词义辨析：danger vs dangerous 说明：danger(名词,危险)；dangerous(形容词,危险的)；修饰名词用dangerous。 例句：The danger is real. The road is dangerous. 考点五 重点用法：dangerous 的位置 说明：dangerous可作定语(a dangerous trip)或表语(The trip is dangerous)。 例句：He is in danger of losing his job. brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的 课本原句：you need to be brave to talk to others 课本原句：Be brave and talk to others. 考点一 词形转换 说明："brave"是形容词，名词形式"bravery"(勇敢)；副词"bravely"(勇敢地)。 例句：He showed great bravery in the battle. 考点二 同义转换：brave 说明：brave = courageous / bold / fearless(勇敢的)；反义词为"cowardly"(胆小的)。 例句：He is brave. (= He is courageous.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be brave to do sth(敢于做某事)；a brave person(勇敢的人)；brave it out(硬挺着)。 例句：Be brave and talk to others. 考点四 词义辨析：brave vs bold 说明："brave"强调"面对危险无所畏惧"；"bold"强调"大胆、有闯劲"。 例句：He is brave in danger and bold in ideas. 考点五 重点用法：brave of sb 说明：It is brave of sb to do sth(某人做某事很勇敢)。 例句：It is brave of him to fight the bear. get along with sb 短语 与某人和睦相处，关系良好 课本原句：how to get along with them. 课本原句：I know the importance of friendship and how to get along with friends. 考点一 词形转换 说明："get along with sb"是固定短语，get along(相处)+with sb(和某人)。 例句：He gets along well with his classmates. 考点二 同义转换：get along with 说明：get along with = be on good terms with / get on with(与…和睦相处)。 例句：He gets along with me. (= He gets on with me.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：get along with sb(与某人相处)；get along well(相处得好)；get along without(没有…也过得去)。 例句：She gets along well with her neighbours. 考点四 词义辨析：get along with vs get on with 说明：两者意思相同；"get along with"更美式；"get on with"更英式。 例句：Do you get along with/get on with your friends? 考点五 重点用法：how to get along 说明：how to get along with friends(如何与朋友相处)；how to get along well(怎样相处得好)。 例句：I know how to get along with friends. listener /ˈlɪsənə(r)/ n. 听者；听众 课本原句：Ask questions and use listeners to show that you are a good listener. 考点一 词形转换 说明："listener"由listen(听)+-er(人)构成。动词listen(听)；名词listening(听力)。 例句：Listening is important in language learning. 考点二 同义转换：listener 说明：listener = hearer / audience member(听众)；a good listener(善于倾听的人)。 例句：He is a good listener. (= He is a good hearer.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a good listener(善于倾听的人)；be a listener(做个倾听者)；listener to sth(…的听众)。 例句：Be a good listener when friends are talking. 考点四 词义辨析：listener vs hearer 说明："listener"普通用词；"hearer"较少用，更正式；"audience"指"观众、听众"。 例句：The audience are good listeners. 考点五 重点用法：-er 派生 说明：动词+er构成名词：listen→listener；work→worker；play→player。 例句：He is a hard worker and a good listener. nod /nɒd/ vi. & vt. 点头 课本原句：Nod from time to time. 课本原句：Try to nod your friend when he or she is talking 考点一 词形转换 说明："nod"既是动词(点头)也是名词(点头)。过去式/过去分词：nodded。 例句：He nodded his head. 考点二 同义转换：nod 说明：nod = nod one's head(点头)；反义词为"shake one's head"(摇头)。 例句：He nodded in agreement. (= He nodded his head in agreement.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：nod to sb(向某人点头)；nod at sb(朝某人点头)；nod off(打瞌睡)。 例句：He nodded to me when he saw me. 考点四 词义辨析：nod vs shake 说明：nod(点头同意)；shake(摇头不同意)；都是头部动作。 例句：He nodded when I asked, and his father shook his head. 考点五 重点用法：nod + doing 说明：nod + doing/to do：nod smilingly(笑着点头)。 例句：He nodded his head in agreement. feeling /ˈfiːlɪŋ/ n. 情感；感觉 课本原句：Notice and care about your friends' feelings. 课本原句：Every time I feel down, she will cheer me up and make me feel better. 考点一 词形转换 说明："feeling"由feel(感觉)+-ing构成。动词原形feel(感觉)；过去式felt。 例句：I felt happy at the party. 考点二 同义转换：feeling 说明：feeling = emotion / sensation(感觉，情感)；常用复数形式feelings(感情)。 例句：I have a feeling of joy. (= I have a sensation of joy.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a feeling of...(…的感觉)；care about one's feelings(关心某人的感受)；hurt one's feelings(伤害某人感情)。 例句：Notice and care about your friends' feelings. 考点四 词义辨析：feeling vs emotion 说明："feeling"普通用词；"emotion"更正式，强调"强烈的情感"。 例句：He has mixed feelings/emotions about the news. 考点五 重点用法：复数用法 说明：feelings常以复数形式出现，表示"心情、感情"。 例句：She didn't want to hurt his feelings. once /wʌns/ conj. 一…就，一旦 课本原句：Once I had a sleepless night because I was worried about a volleyball match. 课本原句：Once you are friends, there are some easy ways to make sure your friendship lasts. 考点一 词形转换 说明："once"是副词(曾经；一次)、连词(一旦)、名词(一次)。 例句：I once lived in Beijing. 考点二 同义转换：once 说明：once(连词) = as soon as / the moment / the instant(一…就)；once(副词) = formerly(曾经)。 例句：Once you start, you can't stop. (= As soon as you start, you can't stop.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：once upon a time(从前)；once a week(每周一次)；once again(再次)；at once(立刻)。 例句：Once upon a time, there was a kind king. 考点四 词义辨析：once vs if 说明：once(连词)强调"一旦"；if(连词)强调"如果"。 例句：Once you try, you will like it. 考点五 重点用法：once + 过去式 (主句) 说明：once + 过去式，主句常用过去完成时或一般过去时。 例句：Once I had a sleepless night, I felt tired the next day. patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ adj. 有耐心的 课本原句：Joan is helpful and patient. 课本原句：don't forget to be patient 考点一 词形转换 说明："patient"是形容词(有耐心的)，名词形式"patience"(耐心)；副词"patiently"(耐心地)。 例句：He showed great patience with the children. 考点二 同义转换：patient 说明：patient = tolerant / enduring(有耐心的)；反义词为"impatient"(不耐烦的)。 例句：He is patient. (= He is tolerant.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：be patient with sb(对某人有耐心)；be patient of sth(能忍受某事)。 例句：Teachers should be patient with students. 考点四 词义辨析：patient vs patients 说明：patient(adj.有耐心的)；patients(n.病人，复数形式)。 例句：The doctor is patient with his patients. 考点五 重点用法：It is patient of sb to do 说明：It is patient of sb to do sth(某人做某事很有耐心)。 例句：It is patient of you to teach me. thoughtful /ˈθɔːtfl/ adj. 体贴的；深思的 课本原句：Joan is caring and thoughtful. 课本原句：Simon was very thoughtful and brought water for me. 考点一 词形转换 说明："thoughtful"由thought(想法)+-ful(充满)构成。名词"thought"(想法)；动词"think"(想)。 例句：She is full of thought. 考点二 同义转换：thoughtful 说明：thoughtful = considerate / kind / caring(体贴的)；也指"深思的、富有思想的"。 例句：He is thoughtful. (= He is considerate.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a thoughtful person(体贴的人)；a thoughtful gift(有心意的礼物)；be thoughtful of sb(对某人很体贴)。 例句：It was thoughtful of you to bring water. 考点四 词义辨析：thoughtful vs thoughtless 说明：thoughtful(体贴的，深思的)vs thoughtless(欠考虑的，不体贴的)。 例句：He is thoughtful but I was thoughtless. 考点五 重点用法：It is thoughtful of sb 说明：It is thoughtful of sb to do sth(某人做某事很体贴)。 例句：It is thoughtful of him to help me. secret /ˈsiːkrət/ adj. 秘密的 课本原句：a true friend should not leave you in times of danger. 考点一 词形转换 说明："secret"作形容词(秘密的)和名词(秘密)。副词"secretly"(秘密地)。 例句：He secretly kept the matter secret. 考点二 同义转换：secret 说明：secret(adj.) = confidential / hidden / private(秘密的)；反义词为"open/public"(公开的)。 例句：It is a secret plan. (= It is a confidential plan.) 考点三 固定搭配 说明：a secret plan(秘密计划)；a secret admirer(暗恋者)；keep sth secret(对…保密)。 例句：He is a secret admirer of hers. 考点四 词义辨析：secret vs mysterious 说明：secret(秘密的，未公开的)；mysterious(神秘的，难以理解的)。 例句：It is a secret and mysterious story. 考点五 重点用法：作定语/表语 说明：secret可作定语(a secret message)或表语(The plan is secret.)。 例句：The meeting is secret. It is a secret meeting. - 1 - 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $