2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册河北特有题型专练Unit 4（短文填空+阅读表达+情景交际）

**基本信息** 聚焦河北中考特有题型，通过短文填空、阅读表达、情景交际三大模块，系统整合语法应用、信息提取与语境交际能力，以主题式语篇为载体，融合语言能力与思维品质培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |短文填空|2篇（雪豹保护、养宠物观点）|语法规则（时态/代词/副词等）+固定搭配（in danger, play a role等）|语法-词汇-语篇的层级递进，从单句语法应用到语篇意义连贯| |阅读表达|2篇（坚果健康、生态变化）|定位解析+问题类型对应（原因/细节/影响题）|信息定位-整合-阐释的思维链条，培养事实提取与逻辑推理能力| |情景交际|2篇（竹子、蓝鲸）|对话逻辑分析+上下文衔接（根据答句推问句）|语境理解-功能表达-文化意识的融合，体现日常交际的实用性|

八上人教版河北特有题型专练Unit 4 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A Hi, everyone, please close your eyes. Now imagine this: when you 1. (walk) quietly through the mountains, suddenly, something moves nearby (在附近). Is it a cloud? No — 2. (actual), it’s a snow leopard(雪豹)! With 3. (it)soft fur, this amazing cat can move close without 4. (make) a sound. Snow leopards live high in the mountains of Central Asia and often appear at night, so it’s very hard to see 5. (they). Sadly, snow leopards are 6. danger. People kill them 7. their beautiful fur. Sometimes, the leopards eat the herders’ (牧民的) sheep, 8. the herders shoot them. It is disappointing because snow leopards play 9. important role in the ecosystem. They help 10. (keep) animal population balanced. To protect snow leopards, many groups are taking 11. (act). For example, in India, a group brings 12. (tourist) to stay at herders’ homes, so the herders can make money. In return (作为回报), the herders promise not to kill the snow leopards. Besides, some groups are educating local communities (教育当地的社区) about the 13. (important) of snow leopards in the ecosystem. Some areas are also creating parks 14. (protect) snow leopards from hunters. These efforts (努力) are starting to make a difference. If we keep working together to protect snow leopards, they can have a brighter and 15. (safe) future. B Now more and more people like keeping pets. But different 1. (opinion) appear about their usefulness. Many families deeply connect 2. pets, treating them as family members like daughters or sons. On the one hand, they believe pets play a part in easing loneliness (缓解孤独) by 3. (stay) with them when they’re alone. On 4. other hand, some pets are brave. When some people are in danger, the pets can protect them. 5. (recent), guide dogs have even helped send elderly people to hospitals 6. (successful). Through all of the above, we can understand the importance 7. owning pets for some people. However, other people are against keeping pets because of so many 8. (reason). They think it is very wasteful (浪费的) 9. (spend) hundreds of dollars on pets. In their view, the money should be used to help the poor. Some people are also worried about the 10. (ill) that pets may bring to them. Pets 11. (not) know that people need a quiet environment. So their sounds may become the 12. (big) problem in their lives. 13. different the opinions about pets are! I think keeping pets is a 14. (person) habit. But if you can’t deal with it well, that 15. (make) your neighbours dislike you. 二、阅读表达 阅读下面短文，简略回答问题。 A Do you like nuts (坚果)? Nuts are a kind of popular snack among quite a lot of people. They think nuts are healthy. But some people think nuts are bad because they have a lot of fat. Well, the truth is, the fat in nuts is good for us. Nuts can be part of a healthy eating plan, even if you want to lose weight. Then how are nuts connected with losing weight? Nuts are rich in protein (蛋白质). Protein helps you feel full and stay full longer and stops you from eating too much. What’s more, nuts have fibre (纤维素). Fibre also keeps you full. Eating foods that keep you full is especially helpful for losing weight. Also, fibre plays an important role in improving heart health. So, some doctors advise eating proper nuts for better heart health. Nuts are healthy, but keeping portion control (分量控制) in mind is of great importance. Here’s some advice: ★ Watch your portions. To make sure you don’t eat too much, you can buy nuts in small bags or keep nuts in a small dish. ★ Don’t just have nuts for snacks. You can also add them to your three meals. ★ Choose what you like. Eating nuts you enjoy can give you a feeling of happiness. 1.Why do some people think nuts are bad? 2.What are nuts rich in? 3.What food can you eat to lose weight? 4.How can we keep portion control?(回答一个方法即可) 5.What other good points do nuts have for our body? Give one example and explain. B In a wildlife protection area in Africa, lions, zebras (斑马) and elephants live freely across grasslands, with few acacia trees (金合欢树) around. The area used to be covered with acacia trees. The trees gave food and living places to acacia ants and at the same time, the ants protected the trees against animals, like elephants. When elephants ate the tree leaves, these ants would bite them. Then, the big-headed ants arrived. These ants are about a third of the size of acacia ants, but they quickly began to take over. They killed most of the acacia ants! This benefited (使…… 受益) the elephants. With fewer acacia ants to protect the trees, the elephants ate a huge number of tree leaves, causing many trees to fall. Over the years, the area has lost most of its acacia tree cover and turned into open grasslands. This change made it harder for the lions to catch zebras here, as the zebras could see the lions easily. However, the lion population didn’t become smaller, because they went to hunt in other areas with tree cover. Today, the number of big-headed ants is still growing. It may cause problems to other trees. Scientists are closely watching the changes in the area. 1.What animals do acacia trees give food and living places? 2.How do acacia ants protect acacia trees? 3.Why did the area turn into open grasslands? 4.Why was it harder for the lions to catch zebras here? 5.What influence do big‑headed ants bring to this wildlife area? Give one example and explain. 三、情景交际 根据下面的对话情景，在空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整、 A (Guo Jing and Jack are talking about bamboo.) Guo: Jack, I heard you went hiking last weekend. 1. Jack: It was fantastic. I found a bamboo forest while hiking. I was surprised by the tall green trees. Guo: 2. Jack: What? Then what is it? Guo: Bamboo is grass. And there are about 1,500 kinds of bamboo around the world. Jack: Where does bamboo grow? Guo: 3. For example, we can find some kinds of bamboo in Zhejiang, Fujian and Shaanxi. The US and the UK also have some bamboo. Jack: What can we do with bamboo? Guo: 4. Look, this flute is made of bamboo. We can also use bamboo to build houses and make tools. Jack: Amazing! 5. Guo: You’re welcome. B (Amy and Tom are talking about the animals.) Amy: Tom, did you know blue whales are the biggest animals in the world? Tom: Yeah! But 1.________ Like, bigger than a dinosaur? Amy: Much bigger! Some can be 30 metres long—as long as three buses! And their tongues weigh as much as an elephant! Tom: Wow! 2.________ Amy: Mostly tiny shrimp-like animals called krill (磷虾). They eat tons of them every day! Tom: Cool! 3.________ Amy: Yes! They sing very loud songs. Scientists use special microphones (麦克风) underwater to listen to them! Tom: 4.________ I heard some whales are in danger. Amy: Sadly, blue whales are endangered too. People used to hunt them, and now pollution hurts their home. But many countries are trying to protect them. Tom: We should help! Maybe tell our class about it? Amy: 5.________ Let’s make a poster together! 答案与解析 一、短文填空 A 【主旨大意】 本文介绍雪豹的生存现状：雪豹栖息在中亚高山，但是因为皮毛被猎杀，还会因为捕食牧民牲畜遭到捕杀。雪豹对生态系统十分重要。文章列举多方保护雪豹的措施：发展旅游、教育当地居民、修建保护区；呼吁大家一起努力，让雪豹拥有更安全的未来。 1. are walking 现在进行时when 引导时间状语从句，想象此刻正在发生的场景：你正静静地穿行在山间，用现在进行时 be doing。 2. actually 副词，意为 “实际上”，修饰整句话，作状语。 3. its形容词性物主代词，后面接名词 fur（皮毛），指代雪豹的皮毛 → its soft fur 它柔软的皮毛。 4. making介词 without 后面接动名词 doing；without making a sound 悄无声息。 5. them人称代词宾格，动词 see 后面用宾格，指代复数 snow leopards。 6. in固定短语 in danger 处于危险之中。 7. for 介词，kill sb. for sth. 为了某物而杀害……；people kill them for their beautiful fur 人们为了漂亮皮毛猎杀它们。 8. so连词，因果关系：雪豹吃掉牧民的羊，所以牧民射杀它们。 9.an 固定搭配 play an important role in… 在…… 中扮演重要角色；important 元音音素开头，用 an。 10. (to) keep固定结构 help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事，to 可以省略；keep…balanced 使…… 保持平衡。 11. action 名词，固定搭配 take action 采取行动。 12. tourists 名词复数，bring tourists 带来游客，不止一位游客，用复数。 13. importance 名词，the + 名词 + of；important 形容词 → importance 名词，the importance of …… 的重要性。 14.to protect 动词不定式，不定式作目的状语：建立公园来保护雪豹免遭猎人伤害。protect …from… 保护…… 免受…… 15. safer形容词比较级，and 连接并列比较级，brighter and safer 更加光明、更加安全的未来。 重点短语 1. without making a sound 悄无声息 2. in danger 处于危险中 3. play an important role in 在…… 起重要作用 4. help (to) do sth. 帮助做某事 5. take action 采取行动 6. in return 作为回报 7. promise not to do sth. 承诺不做某事 8. protect…from… 保护…… 免受…… 9. make a difference 产生影响，起作用 10. keep working together 继续共同努力 B 【主旨大意】 本文讨论人们对于养宠物的两种不同看法。一部分人支持养宠物：宠物可以陪伴主人排解孤独，还能保护主人，导盲犬还可以帮助老人；另一部分人反对养宠物：花费大、可能带来疾病、制造噪音。作者认为养宠物属于个人习惯，但要妥善处理，不要影响邻居。 1.opinions different（不同的）后面接可数名词复数，opinion 复数 opinions。句意：关于养宠物的利弊出现不同观点。 2. with 固定搭配 connect with 与…… 建立联系。很多家庭和宠物情感联系很深，把宠物当成儿女。 3. staying 介词 by 表示 “通过…… 方式”，by 后接动名词 doing。by staying with them 通过陪伴在他们身边。 4. the 固定搭配 on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面…… 另一方面。 5. Recently 副词作时间状语，修饰整个句子；recent 形容词 → recently 副词，放在句首首字母大写，意为 “最近”。 6. successfully 副词修饰动词 send；successful 形容词 → successfully 副词，“成功地送老人去医院”。 7. of 固定结构 the importance of …， …… 的重要性。the importance of owning pets 养宠物的重要性。 8.reasons many（许多）+ 可数名词复数，reason 复数 reasons。because of so many reasons 由于诸多原因。 9. to spend 固定句型 It is + adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…… 的。it 是形式主语，真正主语是后面不定式 to spend。 10. illness the 后面接名词；ill 形容词 “生病的”→ illness 名词 “疾病”。担心宠物可能带来的疾病。 11. don’t一般现在时，主语 pets 是复数，否定用 don’t。宠物不知道人们需要安静环境。 12. biggest the 后面接形容词最高级；big 的最高级 biggest。噪音可能成为生活中最大的麻烦。 13. How how 引导感叹句：**How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！** How different！观点多么不一样啊！ 14. personal 形容词修饰名词 habit；person 名词 → personal 形容词 “个人的”。a personal habit 个人习惯。 15. will make if 引导条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现”；从句 can’t deal with 是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 will make。如果你处理不好，那将会让邻居讨厌你。 重点短语 1. keep pets 养宠物 2. connect with 与…… 相联系 3. treat…as… 把…… 当作…… 4. on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面…… 另一方面 5. play a part in doing sth. 在做某事方面起作用 6. ease loneliness 缓解孤独 7. in danger 处于危险中 8. because of 因为（后接名词 / 代词） 9. It is +adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…… 10. in one’s view 在某人看来 11. be worried about 担心 12. deal with 处理 二、阅读表达 A 【主旨大意】 本文介绍坚果是健康食物。虽然有人因坚果脂肪含量高认为它不好，但坚果里的脂肪对人体有益。坚果含有蛋白质和纤维素，可以带来饱腹感，帮助减肥，纤维素还有益于心脏。但吃坚果一定要控制分量，文中给出几条实用建议。 1. Because nuts have a lot of fat.定位：第 1 段 “But some people think nuts are bad because they have a lot of fat.”解析：一些人认为坚果不好，是因为坚果含有大量脂肪。 2. Protein.定位：第 2 段 “Nuts are rich in protein.”解析：`be rich in` 固定短语：富含……；坚果富含蛋白质。（文中还提到 fibre 纤维素，写出 protein 即可） 3. Eating foods that keep you full.定位：第 2 段 “Eating foods that keep you full is especially helpful for losing weight.”解析：吃能让你产生饱腹感的食物有助于减肥。 4.By watching our portions. / We can buy nuts in small bags. / We can keep nuts in a small dish.定位：文章建议第一条 ★Watch your portions. 5. Nuts are good for our heart. Because the fibre in nuts plays an important role in improving heart health.定位：第 2 段 “Also, fibre plays an important role in improving heart health.”解析*：考查 “观点 + 举例解释” 题型；坚果对心脏有益，坚果中的纤维素对改善心脏健康很重要。 B 【主旨大意】 本文讲述非洲野生动物保护区内发生的连锁生态变化。大头蚁到来后，杀死了保护金合欢树的金合欢蚂蚁。大象得以大量啃食树叶，金合欢树大量消失，此地变为开阔草原，这也影响了狮子捕猎。科学家正在密切关注大头蚁带来的影响。 1. Acacia ants.定位：第 2 段 The trees gave food and living places to acacia ants解析：金合欢树为金合欢蚂蚁提供食物和栖息地。 2. When elephants ate the tree leaves, these ants would bite them.定位：第 2 段 When elephants ate the tree leaves, these ants would bite them.解析：当大象吃树叶的时候，金合欢蚂蚁就会叮咬大象，以此保护树木。 3. Because the area has lost most of its acacia tree cover.定位：第 3 段 Over the years, the area has lost most of its acacia tree cover and turned into open grasslands.解析：大头蚁消灭金合欢蚂蚁，大象大量啃食树叶，这片区域失去大部分金合欢树，变成开阔草原。 4. Because the zebras could see the lions easily.定位：第 4 段 This change made it harder for the lions to catch zebras here, as the zebras could see the lions easily.解析：树木消失变成开阔草原，斑马可以轻易看见狮子，狮子就更难捕捉斑马。 5.Big-headed ants cause the loss of acacia trees. Because they kill acacia ants, so elephants eat lots of acacia tree leaves and many trees die.定位：第 3 段。解析：本题为 “举例 + 解释” 题型。大头蚁抢占领地，杀死金合欢蚂蚁；没有蚂蚁保护，大象大量啃食树叶，金合欢树大量消亡。 三、情景交际 A 1. 根据答句 It was fantastic.（太棒了），问句询问徒步旅行感受：How was your trip? 2. 下一句 Jack 疑惑 “What? Then what is it?”，后面点明竹子是草不是树 → But bamboo isn’t a tree. 3. 问句 “竹子长在哪里？”，后面举例很多地区都有竹子 → It grows in many places. 4. 问句 “竹子可以用来做什么？”，后面讲笛子、建房、工具 →We can make many things with it. 5. 答句You’re welcome.表示不客气，上一句是表达感谢：Thank you for telling me so much. 重点短语 1.talk about谈论 2. go hiking去徒步；远足 3. last weekend上周末 4. be surprised by… 对…… 感到惊讶 5. bamboo forest 竹林 6. kinds of 各种各样的 7. around the world 全世界 8. for example 例如 9.be made of 由…… 制成（能看出原材料） 10. use…to do sth 用…… 做某事 11. build houses 建造房屋 12.make tools 制作工具 13.thank you for doing sth 谢谢你做某事 14. You’re welcome.不客气 B 1. are they really that big？ 后文：Like, bigger than a dinosaur?（比恐龙还大吗？），Tom 在质疑蓝鲸是否真的这么巨大，所以填一般疑问句，询问体型大小。 2. What do they eat？ 答句：Mostly tiny shrimp-like animals called krill.（主要吃叫磷虾的小虾类生物），回答的是食物，所以问句询问它们吃什么。 3. Can they sing? 答句开头Yes!，说明是一般疑问句；后面 They sing very loud songs.* 讲蓝鲸会唱歌，因此这里提问 “它们会唱歌吗？”。 4. That’s amazing! 听完蓝鲸会唱歌这件事后，发出感叹。后面切换话题：I heard some whales are in danger.，感叹句承接上文，开启新话题。 同义备选：That’s so cool! / How wonderful! 5. Sounds great Tom 提议：Maybe tell our class about it?（跟班里同学讲讲这件事怎么样），Amy 后面说 “我们一起做海报吧”，表示赞同这个提议。 同义备选：Good idea / That’s a good idea 重点短语 1. blue whales 蓝鲸 2. the biggest animals in the world世界上最大的动物 3. as long as 和…… 一样长 4. as much as 和…… 一样重 5. shrimp‑like animals 像虾一样的动物 6.tons of大量；成吨的 7. sing loud songs 发出响亮的歌声 8. in danger 处于危险中 9. be endangered 濒临灭绝 10. used to do sth 过去常常做某事 11. try to do sth 尽力做某事 12. make a poster 制作海报 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $