Unit 3 Great Ideas 阅读还原5选5（热点题型专练）英语新教材仁爱科普版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与社会——家乡与社会生活变迁”主题，通过梯度化阅读还原5选5训练，系统构建上下文逻辑分析能力，融合语言理解与思维连贯性培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础·专项突破|10篇|5选5阅读还原，考查段落衔接与逻辑连贯|围绕发明史（如轮子、牙膏）、科技发展（如机器人）等子话题，构建“现象-问题-解决-影响”的叙事逻辑链| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|8篇|复杂语境下的逻辑补全，含跨文化内容（如筷子文化）|深化“问题发现-创新实践-社会价值”的思维路径，关联历史与现代科技，提升跨文化理解与逻辑推理能力|

Unit 3 Great Ideas 阅读还原 5 选 5 （话题：人与社会——家乡与社会生活变迁） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 How to Introduce an Invention A clear presentation helps listeners understand not only what you made, but also why you made it and how you know it is useful. Trying to mention every idea at once will usually hide the strongest part of your work. 1 Begin with the problem. Show a short example from real life instead of giving a long definition. 2 Make clear who faces the problem and when it happens, because a solution that helps one group may not suit another. Next, explain how the invention works in three or four steps. Use a model, a diagram or simple actions, and name only the parts that listeners need in order to follow the process. 3 Testing is an important part of the story. State how many times or how long the model was tested, then share at least one useful result and one remaining weakness. 4 In fact, a clear limit often makes your report more believable because it shows that you observed the model honestly and are ready to improve it. End by returning to the user. Explain where the invention can be used, who may benefit and what safety rule must be followed. 5 A useful presentation does not merely say, “Look what I made.” It says, “Here is the problem I tried to solve, the evidence I collected and the next step I plan to take.” A．Admitting a weakness does not mean the whole project has failed. B．For example, describe a wet classroom floor before showing an umbrella stand. C．A problem-to-evidence order can keep the presentation focused. D．You may also identify the next change and explain how it will be tested. E．Leave out small technical details that do not help explain the main process. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何清晰地介绍一项发明，包括从问题入手、解释工作原理、测试过程以及结尾总结等方面的建议。 【详解】1．前文提到“Trying to mention every idea at once will usually hide the strongest part of your work”，后文分段介绍：先讲问题、再讲发明原理、再讲测试。选项C“A problem-to-evidence order can keep the presentation focused.”总起下文整套演讲逻辑，符合语境。 2．空前提到“Show a short example from real life instead of giving a long definition”，此处需要具体的例子来支撑观点，选项B“For example, describe a wet classroom floor before showing an umbrella stand.”是对“真实生活实例”举例。 3．空前提到“name only the parts that listeners need in order to follow the process”，选项E“Leave out small technical details that do not help explain the main process.”说明要省略不必要的细节以简化解释，与前句语义一致，符合逻辑。 4．空前提到“share at least one useful result and one remaining weakness”，空后说讲清楚局限会让报告更可信，选项A“Admitting a weakness does not mean the whole project has failed.”与“weakness”衔接，符合语境。 5．结尾部分提到“the next step I plan to take”，选项D“You may also identify the next change and explain how it will be tested.”提到了下一步的更改及测试，与文末相呼应。 Passage 2 In my opinion, the wheel is the most important thing that human beings have ever invented. It might seem strange to say that something so simple-looking and so common could be so important. 1 Firstly, wheels influence almost every part of our lives. Wheels are used, for example, in clocks, machines and cars. If you visit just one factory, you will see how important wheels are. 3 Secondly, wheels play a great part in food production. Wheels are used to grind (磨碎) different kinds of corn into flour (面粉) . They are then used to mix flour and other foods to make bread. We also need wheels to transport (运输) the wheat (小麦). 3 Thirdly, our world would be completely different if we did not have the wheel for transport. Before the wheel was invented, people used to have to travel on foot or by riding an animal. They didn’t know where to put their heavy bags. 4 That is what we would be doing now if we did not have the wheel. Everything would take longer to do. We would be back to the Stone Age if the clever ancient people had not invented the wheel. Our modern world would simply be impossible. 5 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．It took long to finish their journeys. B．You will see wheels on almost every machine. C．The wheel is surely the most important invention of all time. D．But if you consider the following points, you will probably agree with me. E．If we did not have the wheel, we would have much difficulty in food production. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3.E 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文论述了轮子是人类最重要的发明，并从多个方面说明了轮子对现代生活的重要影响。 【详解】1．前文提到：“say that something so simple-looking and so common could be so important”，后文紧接着用“Firstly”开始列举理由。D项“But if you consider the following points, you will probably agree with me.”承接了前文的疑问，并引出了下文的具体论证，符合逻辑。 2．前句提到：“If you visit just one factory, you will see how important wheels are. ”，空缺处应具体说明在工厂能看到什么。B项“You will see wheels on almost every machine.”紧承前文“factory”和“see”的语境，符合逻辑。 3．本段主要论述轮子在“food production”中的重要作用（磨玉米、混合面粉、运输小麦）。E项“If we did not have the wheel, we would have much difficulty in food production.”是对本段内容的总结。 4．前文描述发明轮子前人们步行或骑动物旅行，且不知如何放置重物。A项“It took long to finish their journeys.”说明了过去旅行方式的低效，与后文“…if we did not have the wheel. Everything would take longer to do.”相呼应。 5．文章最后一段总结轮子的重要性，指出没有轮子现代世界将不可能存在。C项“The wheel is surely the most important invention of all time.”呼应文章开头观点，作为全文的总结句，升华主题。 Passage 3 阅读短文，从方框A-E五个选项中选出最佳选项。 1 Many of these inventions are created to make people’s life easier. Some inventions change the whole world. 2 The wheel is one of the oldest. It was invented thousands of years ago. Before wheels appeared, people could only carry things by themselves. After wheels were used, heavy things could be moved easily. Many ancient Chinese inventions influence the world greatly. Paper-making and printing helped knowledge spread fast. The compass guided ships on the sea. 3 Now new inventions come out every year. Smart machines help people work better. New energy tools protect our earth. 4 We all can be creative. Watch carefully in daily life, find out problems, and think of new ways. 5 A．Every great invention starts with an idea. B．People invent lots of things in history. C．Gunpowder was used for fireworks and wars. D．New inventions keep changing our world day by day. E．Different inventions appear in different times. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍发明的作用，讲述历史上的古老发明、中国古代发明以及现代新发明，号召我们要有创造力。 【详解】1．空后句子提到“Many of these inventions”，说明前文需提及发明的存在。选项B“历史上人们发明了很多东西”作为全文首句，引出话题，且与后文指代一致。 2．本段主要讲述轮子是几千年前发明的古老发明。选项E“不同时期出现不同发明”作为本段主题句，引出下文关于古代发明（轮子）的具体例子，符合按时间顺序叙述的逻辑。 3．本段列举中国古代发明。选项C“火药被用于烟花和战争”是中国四大发明之一，与前文列举的发明构成完整序列。 4．本段讲述现代新发明层出不穷。选项D“新发明每天都在改变我们的世界”是对本段现代发明影响的总结升华。 5．本段鼓励创新，提到“think of new ways”。选项A“每个伟大发明都始于一个想法”与前文“creative”、“think”相呼应，作为全文结尾恰当。 Passage 4 How did people tell the time before clocks were invented? 1 They looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening. Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position of the shadow changed. 2 Over time, the Chinese first used sundials (日晷) instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. 3 But sundials don’t work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out. Water clocks used water to measure time at night. 4 The level of the water in the bowls showed the time. People also used sand—glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. 5 It measures short amounts of time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand—glass over. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Each number stands for an hour of the day. B．This would let people tell what time it was. C．At first, the ancient people used the sun to tell the time. D．Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. E．The sand falls from the top of the sand—glass to the bottom. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文主要介绍钟表发明之前古人各式各样的计时工具，按照时间先后依次介绍了依靠太阳、影子杆、日晷、水钟和沙漏计时的方式。文章分别说明了各类计时工具的工作原理，同时也点明了日晷仅晴天可用的局限以及水钟、沙漏的适用场景。 【详解】1．根据前文“How did people tell the time before clocks were invented?”和下文紧接着提到“They looked up at the sun...”可知，此处需要承上启下。且此处位于段落开头，选项C“At first, the ancient people used the sun to tell the time.”总领了这一段关于利用太阳计时的内容，与下文的看太阳行为逻辑一致。 2．前文描述了埃及人用棍子测量时间，阳光照射棍子产生阴影，随着太阳移动阴影位置改变。此处位于段落末尾，起到总结的作用。选项B“This would let people tell what time it was.”是对前文“阴影位置变化”这一现象结果的总结，说明了这种方法的用途。 3．前一句提到“As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers.”，后文用“but”进行转折说明日晷在多云的白天不工作，此处需要承接上下文内容。选项A“Each number stands for an hour of the day.”紧承前文提到的“numbers”，解释了日晷上数字的含义，逻辑通顺。 4．该段主题是“Water clocks”，后一句提到“The level of the water in the bowls showed the time.”，选项D“Water dripped slowly from one bowl into another.”描述了水钟的工作原理，且其中的“bowl”与后文的“bowls”相呼应。 5．前文提到以前人们用沙漏计时，选项E“The sand falls from the top of the sand—glass to the bottom.”描述了沙漏中沙子的运动过程，为后文解释如何通过落沙计量时间做了铺垫。 Passage 5 Long ago, as people got older, there was something wrong with their teeth and it would be very painful. 1 Later people learned that cleaning their teeth was important, but they didn’t have toothpaste (牙膏) at that time. 2 About 100 years ago, someone finally created a kind of cream to clean teeth. Not long after that, the toothpaste tube (管子) was invented, so people could press the toothpaste right onto the toothbrush! 3 The army gave brushes and toothpaste to all the soldiers, and they learned to brush teeth twice a day. At that time toothpaste tubes were made of metal (金属). 24 Today there are lots of toothpaste colors and tastes to choose from, and some kinds of toothpaste are made just for children. When you’re choosing a kind of toothpaste, make sure it has fluoride (氟化物). 5 When you brush your teeth, you don’t need a lot of toothpaste: just press out a bit. 根据短文内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．Fluoride makes your teeth strong and healthy. B．To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out. C．Tooth brushing became popular during World War I. D．They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth. E．Today they’re made of soft plastic (塑料) and are much easier to use! 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文介绍刷牙和牙膏的发展历史，讲述古人护牙方式、牙膏与牙膏管的发明历程、一战推动刷牙普及，同时科普挑选、使用牙膏的相关常识。 【详解】1．前文提到很久以前人们牙齿生病、牙齿疼痛，B选项“To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out.”承接牙痛问题，介绍古人应对方式，符合语境逻辑。 2．前文说明人们明白洁牙很重要，但是当时没有牙膏，D选项“They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth.”承接没有牙膏这一前提，介绍古代的洁牙方式，承上启下。 3．后文提及军队给士兵发放牙刷和牙膏，要求士兵每日刷牙，C选项“Tooth brushing became popular during World War I.”引出下文军队普及刷牙的事例，衔接自然。 4．前文写明当时的牙膏管由金属制成，E选项“Today they’re made of soft plastic (塑料) and are much easier to use!”形成古今对比，衔接金属材质相关内容。 5．前文建议挑选含有氟化物的牙膏，A选项“Fluoride makes your teeth strong and healthy.”解释选用含氟牙膏的原因，呼应上文，逻辑通顺。 Passage 6 Great thinkers have changed the world with their brilliant thoughts. Many students want to learn how to think like them. 1 Here are some ways to help you. 2 Read biographies of great thinkers. You can learn about their lives, their struggles and how they came up with their ideas. For example, reading about Newton will tell you how he discovered gravity by watching an apple fall. Second, practice asking questions. Great thinkers never stop asking “why” and “how”. 3 This will help you think more deeply. Third, try to solve problems in different ways. When you have a problem, don’t just use the usual method. 4 You might find a better solution. Finally, don’t be afraid of failure. Great thinkers failed many times before they succeeded. 5 If you keep trying, you will develop your own brilliant thoughts. A．First, learn about great thinkers. B．Failure is part of the journey to success. C．Many students don’t know where to start. D．Ask questions about everything around you. E．Try to think of other ways to solve it. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了学生如何像伟大思想家一样思考，并提供了四种具体的建议方法。 【详解】1．空前提到很多学生想要学会像伟大思想家一样思考，空后引出下文的方法，C选项“Many students don’t know where to start.”起到承上启下的衔接作用，符合语境。 2．后文出现Second、Third、Finally的顺序标识，此处是第一条建议，A选项“First, learn about great thinkers.”中的First对应后文的顺序逻辑，且内容和后文阅读思想家传记的内容匹配。 3．本段核心是“practice asking questions”，D选项“Ask questions about everything around you.”承接前文思想家不断问“为什么”和“如何”的表述，也呼应后文“help you think more deeply”的结果。 4．本段核心是“try to solve problems in different ways”，空前说不要只用常规方法，E选项“Try to think of other ways to solve it.”承接前文，也呼应后文可能找到更好方案的表述。 5．本段核心是“don’t be afraid of failure”，空前提到思想家成功前多次失败，B选项“Failure is part of the journey to success.”承接上下文，贴合段落主题。 Passage 7 Zhang Bei is an inspiring young inventor. He loved inventing things when he was a little boy. When he was in middle school, he wanted to invent a small machine to help farmers. 1 Few students believed he could make it. He met many difficulties. He failed hundreds of times and wasted lots of materials. 2 He believed failure was the mother of success. In his free time, he read invention books and learned knowledge online. 3 Every night, he kept working until midnight. After three years of hard work, his small farm machine came out. It worked very well and helped local farmers a lot. 4 Today, Zhang Bei is a successful young inventor. 5 No matter how hard the road is, keep moving forward. A．He practiced basic skills again and again. B．But he never gave up his dream. C．Everyone thought he was crazy. D．Finally, he succeeded in his field. E．His story encourages young people to stick to dreams. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．E 【导语】本文主要讲述年轻发明家张贝从小热爱发明，中学时立志发明农机帮助农民，历经无数失败仍坚持学习钻研，三年后成功研制出实用农机，最终成为优秀发明家，他的故事激励年轻人坚守梦想。 【详解】1．后文说很少有学生相信他能成功，C项“Everyone thought he was crazy.”符合众人不看好他的语境，衔接合理。 2．前文提到他遭遇诸多困难、失败上百次，后文说他相信失败是成功之母，B项“But he never gave up his dream.”承上启下，体现了面对失败不放弃的精神。 3．前文提到他空闲时间学习相关知识，后文提到他每晚工作到深夜，A项“He practiced basic skills again and again.”符合他刻苦钻研的描述，衔接自然。 4．空前描述了机器发明成功并帮助了农民，D项“Finally, he succeeded in his field.”是对这一阶段成果的总结，符合逻辑。 5．前句点明如今张贝已是成功的年轻发明家，后句给出人生启示，E项“His story encourages young people to stick to dreams.”起到了连接现状与启示的作用，符合结尾主旨。 Passage 8 The development of robots is becoming increasingly perfect, and more types of robots are being used in many different kinds of industries. Recently, a new type of robot for the farmyard has been invented. How do farmers usually kill weeds (杂草) in the fields? 1 The trouble is that these weedkillers (除草剂) also kill wildlife, pollute rivers and are bad for the fields. This new kind of robot can cut weedkiller use by 90％, so it can cut down chemical pollution. Lots of farmers choose the robot to work in their fields. 2 How the robot works 3 The cameras facing the ground take photos to help the robot "see" the plants it passes by. The robot compares each photo to a library of plant photos to decide which plants are weeds. The robot' s arms move into position to give a small amount (量) of weedkiller on the weeds. So it won't do harm to wildlife or crops. 4 So it is very energy-friendly. How the robot will develop The scientists don't want to just stop at the achievement they have made. 5 The improved model of robots will exactly discover weeds and dig them out. The scientists thought the robots could be programmed to leave some harmless weeds in the fields to support wildlife living there. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．The robot is powered by the energy from the sun. B．Several cameras are built into the robot. C．Many of them use chemicals to kill weeds. D．They're working on new designs to improve the model. E．The robot is really smart because it only kills weeds but not crops. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一款新型农业除草机器人。文章对比传统除草方式的弊端，讲解该机器人的工作原理、优势，并且展望它未来的升级发展方向。 【详解】1．根据前文问句“How do farmers usually kill weeds in the fields?”以及后一句“The trouble is that these weedkillers also kill wildlife”的线索，后文的these weedkillers指代化学除草剂，可知空格处要说明农民传统除草手段。C选项“他们中许多人使用化学药剂除草”，承接问句，同时引出下文化学除草剂带来的危害。 2．根据前一句介绍机器人除草的优势，后文开启标题“How the robot works（机器人如何工作）”的线索，可知空格处继续介绍机器人的优点。E选项“这款机器人十分智能，因为它只除杂草不伤庄稼”，对上文机器人的优势做补充说明，起到过渡作用。 3．根据后一句“The cameras facing the ground take photos”的线索，后文提到cameras，代词The cameras指代空格中的摄像头。B选项“机器人内部装有多个摄像头”，引出下文摄像头的工作过程。 4．根据空格后“So it is very energy‑friendly（所以它十分节能环保）”的线索，可知空格要交代节能环保的原因。A选项“这个机器人由太阳能供电”，和后文“节能环保”构成因果逻辑。 5．根据前一句科学家不满足现有成果，后一句“The improved model of robots”（改进版机器人）的线索，可知空格说明科学家开展改进研发的行动。D选项“科学家正在研究新设计来改进这款机器”，承接上下文。 Passage 9 Curiosity and thinking create great ideas. 1 Many great inventions and theories all start from simple curiosity. Newton is a typical example. When he was sitting under an apple tree, an apple fell on his head. 2 Most people would ignore this common phenomenon. But Newton doubted and thought deeply. He did countless researches and experiments. 3 In our daily life, there are many strange and common phenomena waiting for us to discover. 4 Never accept everything blindly. 5 With continuous thinking and brave exploration, every student can own the power of ideas. A．Creative thinking allows us to break old rules. B．We should keep curious about the world around us. C．Curiosity is the first step of creative ideas. D．This small curiosity finally brought a great discovery. E．He kept wondering why apples fell down instead of flying up. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文阐述了好奇心与思考的重要性，指出诸多伟大发明和理论都源于简单的好奇心，以牛顿观察苹果落地引发思考、最终取得成就为例，号召人们保持好奇心、勤于思考、勇于探索，培养创新思维。 【详解】1．上文提到“Curiosity and thinking create great ideas. Many great inventions and theories all start from simple curiosity.”，点明好奇心是创意和发明的开端，C选项“Curiosity is the first step of creative ideas.”承接上文，进一步阐释好奇心与创意的关联，贴合段落主旨，衔接自然。 2．上文讲述牛顿坐在苹果树下被苹果砸中的事例场景，E选项“He kept wondering why apples fell down instead of flying up.”承接这一现象，引出牛顿产生的疑问，贴合上下文事例叙述逻辑。 3．上文介绍牛顿对苹果落地现象深入思考、开展无数研究和实验，D选项“This small curiosity finally brought a great discovery.”总结牛顿的好奇心与探索带来的伟大成果，收束牛顿的事例，逻辑连贯。 4．上文指出生活中有诸多现象等待我们去发现，后文提到“Never accept everything blindly.”，B选项“We should keep curious about the world around us.”承接上文生活现象的内容，引出对待生活、保持好奇的正确态度，承上启下。 5．下文提到“With continuous thinking and brave exploration, every student can own the power of ideas.”，讲述思考与探索的意义，A选项“Creative thinking allows us to break old rules.”引出创新思维的作用，为下文的总结升华做铺垫，符合语境。 Passage 10 People often find it hard to make some inventions. So they think only a few people can be inventors! In fact, everyone can be an inventor if they want and are willing to start. 1 To be an inventor, here are some wrong ideas you should avoid. Wrong idea 1: 2 Well, inventing means creating something new, but the idea could also come from something that is already there. The Wright brothers, for example, got the ideas for building a “flying machine” from watching birds. Wrong idea 2: Inventors are born, not made. There are a lot of factors (因素) that make inventions possible. Take Mozart, for example. He was born with a special talent for music. 3 His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practised for hours every day. Thomas Edison said that being an inventor was “99% hard work and 1% inspiration”. 4 As one inventor said, “A failure is the right answer to the wrong question!” Wrong idea 3: Inventors are always old people. 5 Here is an example of young inventors: When Chester Greenwood was 15, he invented earmuffs (耳罩). He hated his ears getting cold in winter, so he made them with fur and wire (金属丝). They are still widely used in cold weather today. A．But other factors were also important for his creativity. B．Perhaps this sounds crazy, but it’s true. C．Very successful creators don’t give up when they get something wrong. D．An invention has to be something totally new. E．Believe that you can invent something when you are young. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文纠正了大众对成为发明家的三个常见错误认知，说明只要愿意尝试、付出努力，人人都可以成为发明家。 【详解】1．前文“In fact, everyone can be an inventor if they want and are willing to start”，该观点打破大众固有认知，后文引出需要避开的错误观念，B选项“Perhaps this sounds crazy, but it’s true.”承接上文，对该观点进行确认，并自然引出下文如何成为发明家的建议。 2．空处为第一个错误观点的内容，后文“Well, inventing means creating something new, but the idea could also come from something that is already there.”，D选项“An invention has to be something totally new.”正是需要避免的错误想法，与下文构成转折关系。 3．前文“He was born with a special talent for music.”以及后文“His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practised for hours every day”说明空处需要衔接天赋和后天因素，A选项“But other factors were also important for his creativity.”起到承上启下的转折作用，引出后天努力的重要性。 4．后文“As one inventor said, ‘A failure is the right answer to the wrong question!’”，本段进一步论证了后天努力与坚持的重要性，C选项“Very successful creators don’t give up when they get something wrong.”关于不放弃的逻辑吻合。 5．后文“Here is an example of young inventors”以及该段反驳错误观点“发明家都是老年人”，E选项“Believe that you can invent something when you are young.”符合本段鼓励年轻人发明创造的主旨，与下文例子衔接自然。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 根据短文内容，从短文后选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 While many students are busy having fun on their phones, Lan Bowen, a student from Yichang, Hubei, has made his own foldable phone. 1 The idea came to Lan when he found that most foldable phones in the market could only be folded inwards (向内). 2 Let’s see how Lan made his own foldable phone. He first used a 3D printer to make the frame (框架) of his phone. 3 However, “building” a smartphone was far more difficult than he had imagined. 4 One problem was that the touch-screen stopped working when the phone was unfolded. Lan was upset, but he didn’t give up. He changed the plan, tested his phone over and over again, and finally solved the problem. “My phone isn’t perfect, but it can do what a normal phone does,” Lan said. 5 Even a big phone maker liked Lan’s phone. He set a good example for us. His creativity, perseverance (毅力), and hands-on ability are all worth learning. As long as we have creative ideas, take brave actions and never give up in the face of difficulties, nothing is impossible. A．How creative the boy is! B．Lan’s creation became a big success. C．During the process, Lan met many problems. D．So he decided to make one that could be folded outwards. E．Then, he made the main parts of the phone with some old phones. 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．E 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了湖北宜昌学生兰博文自己制作折叠手机的故事，包括创意来源、制作过程以及最终成果。 【详解】1．前文指出兰博文自己制作了一部折叠手机，后文引出对他创意的评价，A选项“How creative the boy is!”作为总起句，承接前文关于兰博文制作手机的内容，点明他的创造力，与后文具体介绍形成逻辑。 2．前文指出兰博文发现市场上大多数折叠手机只能向内折叠，后文说明他决定制作一部可以向外折叠的手机，D选项“So he decided to make one that could be folded outwards.”承接前文关于市场产品的观察，点明他的决定，与后文关于制作过程的内容形成逻辑。 3．前文指出他先用3D打印机打印手机框架，后文说明制作智能手机比他想象的困难得多，E选项“Then, he made the main parts of the phone with some old phones.”承接前文关于框架制作的内容，说明他接着用旧手机制作主要部件，与后文关于困难的内容形成逻辑。 4．后文指出一个问题是在手机展开时触摸屏停止工作，兰博文很沮丧但没有放弃，最终解决了问题，C选项“During the process, Lan met many problems.”作为本段主旨句，概括了制作过程中遇到许多问题的情况，与后文具体问题描述形成逻辑。 5．前文指出兰博文的手机不完美但能完成普通手机的功能，后文说明大手机制造商也喜欢他的手机，B选项“Lan’s creation became a big success.”作为本段主旨句，点明兰博文的创作获得了成功，与后文关于手机制造商认可的描述形成逻辑。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 When we touch something with our fingers, we can feel how warm or cold it is. 1 They are the ones who wear the prosthetic (假体的) hands. To change that, a group of scientists have developed the “MiniTouch”. How does the “MiniTouch” work? The “MiniTouch” can be easily paired with a prosthetic hand. People who wear prosthetic hands can then use it. The “MiniTouch” collects heat information from the index finger (食指) of the prosthetic hand. The information is then sent to the wearer’s residual limb (残肢). 2 How is the “MiniTouch” proven to work? Fabrizio was the first person to try out the “MiniTouch”. The Italian man is 57 years old. He lost his right hand 37 years ago. In one test, the team prepared three similar bottles. They were filled with cold (12℃), cool (24℃) and hot (40℃) water. 3 And he made few mistakes. Without the “MiniTouch”, his correct score of the test was only 33%. The “MiniTouch” increased his correct score to about 75%. 4 Scientists plan to improve it to sense touch, allowing users to tell “soft and hot” or “hard and cold”. Another goal is to make the “MiniTouch” able to collect heat information from different parts of the prosthetic hand. 5 “It’s all about giving the people who wear prosthetic hands a richer and more natural sense of the world,” said Micera, one of the scientists. A．How will the “MiniTouch” develop? B．The Italian man could quickly tell the difference. C．This can help them sense temperature in daily life. D．However, there are some people in the world who can’t feel it. E．For example, by collecting heat information from its four other fingers. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种名为“MiniTouch”的新技术，它能够帮助佩戴假肢的人感知温度，文中阐述了其工作原理、实验验证结果以及未来的改进计划。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“When we touch something with our fingers, we can feel how warm or cold it is.”以及后文“They are the ones who wear the prosthetic hands.”可知，此处需要表示转折，说明有些人无法感知温度，与常人形成对比。D项“However, there are some people in the world who can’t feel it.”用However表转折，引出失去手部感知能力的人，上下文逻辑通顺。 2．根据文章第2段“The information is then sent to the wearer’s residual limb.”可知，该技术将温度信息传递给残肢，目的是帮助使用者感知温度，选项C “This can help them sense temperature in daily life.”符合这一功能描述。 3．根据文章第3段“They were filled with cold (12℃), cool (24℃) and hot (40℃) water.”以及后文“And he made few mistakes.”可推知结论，此处应描述测试者Fabrizio在实验中的表现，即他能区分温度。B选项“The Italian man could quickly tell the difference”对应前文意大利测试者Fabrizio，体现他能快速区分水温差异，与后文少出错形成顺承。 4．根据文章第4段“Scientists plan to improve it to sense touch, allowing users to tell ‘soft and hot’ or ‘hard and cold’.”可知，本段主要讲述科学家对该技术的未来改进计划，选项A“How will the ‘MiniTouch’ develop?”作为小标题概括了本段内容。 5．根据文章第4段“Another goal is to make the ‘MiniTouch’ able to collect heat information from different parts of the prosthetic hand.”可知，此处需要对“不同部位”进行举例说明，选项E“For example, by collecting heat information from its four other fingers.”提到了其他四根手指，符合语境。 Passage 3 Chat with DeepSeek AI DeepSeek, a company set up by a group of young researchers, made a big splash (水花) with its first model, Deep-Seek-R1. This model is powerful enough and has become very popular. 1 This attracts developers from all over the world who want to see what it could do. One of the key features of DeepSeek is its ability to understand the meanings behind the words, instead of just counting on keywords. 2 It will not only list tourist attractions but also consider the weather, local events, and your personal preferences. Xing Jie, who is the leader of a Beijing-based bank, said, “DeepSeek has changed the way AI is spread. For the first time, China has a voice in the AI development area. And this didn’t come from a government or a big technology company. 3 ” DeepSeek’s success has shown something. 4 Because of control from the US, DeepSeek couldn’t get high-performance GPUs. But instead of giving up, they focused on making their software wholeheartedly by using clever programming tricks to work out this problem. “ 5 ” Xing said. “This forces Chinese companies to be creative in areas that Western companies hadn’t paid much attention to before.” In other words, the rise of DeepSeek has challenged the old belief that it needs a lot for AI breakthroughs. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．It was from a small business driven by the market. B．It quickly gained more than 100,000 stars on GitHub. C．For example, you can search for the best places to visit in Paris. D．Not having everything you need makes you think of new ideas. E．In fact, supercomputers are unnecessary to make progress in AI. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．E 6．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了DeepSeek公司及其AI模型Deep-Seek-R1的成功、特点、背景以及对中国AI行业的影响。 【详解】1．根据文章第1段“This model is powerful enough and has become very popular.（这个模型足够强大并且变得非常受欢迎。）”及后文提到吸引全球开发者，可推知此处应体现受欢迎的具体数据或表现，选项B“It quickly gained more than 100,000 stars on GitHub.”提到在GitHub上获得大量星星，符合语境。 2．根据文章第2段“One of the key features of DeepSeek is its ability to understand the meanings behind the words（DeepSeek 的关键特征之一是它能够理解单词背后的含义）”及后文“It will not only list tourist attractions（它不仅会列出旅游景点）”，可推知此处是通过具体例子来说明其理解能力，选项C“For example, you can search for the best places to visit in Paris.”以“例如”开头引出搜索巴黎旅游地点，衔接自然。 3．根据文章第3段“And this didn’t come from a government or a big technology company.（这并非来自政府或大型科技公司。）”可推知此处应进一步说明其真正的来源，选项A“It was from a small business driven by the market.”指出它来自一家由市场驱动的小型企业，与上文形成对比补充。 4．根据文章第4段“Because of control from the US, DeepSeek couldn’t get high-performance GPUs.（由于美国的控制，DeepSeek无法获得高性能GPU。）”及后文提到他们通过软件技巧解决问题，可推知硬件优势并非必需，选项E“In fact, supercomputers are unnecessary to make progress in AI.”指出超级计算机对于AI进步并非必要，符合文意。 5．根据文章第5段“This forces Chinese companies to be creative（这迫使中国公司进行创新）”可推知此处关于资源受限如何激发创意，选项D“Not having everything you need makes you think of new ideas.”提到“没有你所需要的一切会让你想出新的想法”，与“创新”及资源受限的背景相呼应。 Passage 4 阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only curious (好奇) about new things.” 1 Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. 2 His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod (避雷针). This invention protects buildings from lightning. 3 Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair.” He lost his life while testing this invention. Although he failed in the exploration, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example and created safer ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just taking risks (冒险). 4 Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years studying the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “ 5 It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. A．What is a scientist after all? B．Curiosity can also make people brave. C．It also drives people towards certain goals. D．For example, he flew a kite during a storm. E．The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. 【答案】1．E 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文借名人名言引出好奇心，列举富兰克林、万户、张衡事例，说明好奇心促发明探索，是探索新世界的关键。 【详解】1．上文引用爱因斯坦的名言“I have no special talents. I am only curious (好奇) about new things.”强调好奇心的作用，后文“Curiosity can bring new discoveries.”总起下一段。此处需要一句过渡，承接名言、总述好奇心对发明创造的意义。E项“The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity.”进一步总结了好奇心与发明的关系，承上启下，引出下文关于好奇心带来发现的具体论述。 2．空前“He did lots of research to try to understand it.”提到他做了很多研究，空后“His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod (避雷针).”提到发明避雷针。此处需要具体事例支撑前文。D项“For example, he flew a kite during a storm.”是富兰克林研究电的具体著名事例，符合上下文逻辑。 3．“Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a ‘flying chair.’ He lost his life while testing this invention.”主要讲述万户为了探索太空不惜牺牲生命的故事，体现了冒险精神。段首句为本段中心句，应概括本段核心。B项“Curiosity can also make people brave.”作为段首主题句，概括了本段核心内容，与万户的事例相符。 4．上文提到“But curiosity is more than just taking risks (冒险).”好奇心不仅仅是冒险，下文“Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move?”讲述张衡通过多年研究绘制星图、发明地动仪。此处需要递进说明好奇心的另一作用。C项“It also drives people towards certain goals.”说明好奇心除了带来冒险，还能驱动人们取得具体成就。 5．空后“It is a curious man...”是对科学家身份的描述和定义。此处应引出后文解释。A项“What is a scientist after all?”是一个问句，与后文的回答构成问答逻辑，衔接自然。 Passage 5 Many people believe that only talented people can come up with new invention ideas. In fact, it is possible for anyone to have good invention ideas. 1 First, you need to find fields that you know well. You can make a list of them. By making the list, you will find the fields easily. 2 What fields are you good at? You can ask yourself these questions and write down the answers on your list. 3 Your goal is to find what can be improved in your fields. You can ask people around you about their problems, such as your classmates, parents or teachers. If you are too shy to ask, you can use the Internet to get some information. Your new invention ideas need to solve those problems. The next step is to research the market. Once you know the needs, you can start researching. 4 The only thing you can do is to find ways to improve these tools and make them better. If there are no such tools, you can think about creating them. When you have finished all these steps, you will get some interesting ideas. 5 So why not start to have a try now? 根据材料内容, 从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项, 使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．What are you interested in? B．Then, you should try to find the needs and problems. C．Then it will be time for you to create your own inventions D．There may be some tools in the market that can solve the problems E．If you follow these steps, you can have your own invention ideas. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了普通人产生发明创意的几个实用步骤，告诉读者并非只有天赋出众的人才能想出发明点子，按照步骤操作每个人都能拥有自己的发明想法。 【详解】1．前文点明任何人都能想出好的发明点子，后文分段介绍具体方法。E选项“如果你遵循这些步骤，就能拥有属于自己的发明想法”起到总起下文、引出下文步骤的作用，衔接上下文。 2．后文连续设问“What fields are you good at?”，A选项“What are you interested in?”同样是自问句式，和后文问句并列，对应本段“梳理自己熟悉的领域”这一内容，句式、话题匹配。 3．此处位于段首，为本段中心句。本段主要讲述挖掘身边存在的难题、需求，B选项“然后，你要试着找出需求和问题”概括本段核心内容，起到总领段落的作用。 4．后文提到“你唯一能做的就是改良这些工具”，句中“these tools”对应 D选项“市场上可能已经存在一些能解决这类问题的工具”里的“some tools”，前后指代呼应，逻辑连贯。 5．前文讲完成全部步骤后会收获创意，后文发出行动倡议。C选项“接下来就到了你创造属于自己发明的时候”承接前文步骤收尾，引出文末号召，衔接自然。 Passage 6 When you use a knife and fork, you have to take the knife with your right hand and the fork with your left hand, or you can’t put food into your mouth. But with chopsticks, you can solve the eating problems with just one hand. 1 Chopsticks were called zhu or jia in ancient China. It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood (洪水). One day he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food. That was how chopsticks came into use. 2 In fact, the earliest chopsticks found in China were made of bronze (青铜), which were unearthed (挖掘) from Yinxu in Anyang city, Henan Province. 3 They are regarded as one of the symbols of Chinese food culture. Do you notice that one end of chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? According to our ancestors, the round end symbolized (象征) Heaven and the square end symbolized Earth. 4 In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination (结合) of yin and yang. The influence of Chinese culture has stretched (延伸) far and wide. 5 So it’s unbelievable that foreigners cannot use chopsticks. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs. B．It’s convenient and efficient (有效率的). C．It was one of the legends (传说) about chopsticks. D．At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world. E．Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕筷子展开介绍，包括筷子和刀叉相比的使用优势、起源传说、考古发现、文化内涵以及全球影响力。 【详解】1．空前内容对比了刀叉和筷子的使用方式，指出刀叉必须左右手分工才能进食，而筷子仅用一只手就能解决进食问题，讲完筷子的使用特点后需要对该特点做总结评价。选项B“It’s convenient and efficient (有效率的)”直接总结了筷子单手使用的优势，承接上文刀叉与筷子的使用对比，衔接自然。 2．空前介绍了大禹治水时为节省时间发明筷子的传说，关键词“It is said”表明这只是民间传说，空后转折介绍考古出土的最早筷子实物，需要内容承接上文的传说，引出下文的考古事实。选项C“It was one of the legends (传说) about chopsticks”刚好总结了上文的传说内容，起到承上启下的作用，自然引出下文对真实考古发现的介绍。 3．空后内容开始介绍筷子的文化属性：筷子是中国饮食文化的象征，解释了筷子一端方一端圆的象征意义，核心话题是筷子的文化含义，空缺位于段首，需要引出该话题。选项E“Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks”点出筷子有不为人熟知的文化含义，总领本段内容，自然引出下文对文化内涵的展开介绍。 4．空前介绍了筷子方圆两端分别象征地和天，空后点出这体现了阴阳的完美结合，需要内容衔接外形象征和阴阳结合的文化解释。选项A“Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs”补充了筷子成对使用的特点，刚好对应后文一对筷子对应阴阳结合的文化解释，递进逻辑通顺。 5．空前指出中国文化的影响力范围很广，空后得出“外国人不会用筷子是很不可思议的”这个结论，空缺需要承接文化影响力广的表述，说明筷子在全球的普及情况。选项D“At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world”用具体数据说明筷子在全球的使用人数之多、普及度之广，承接上文中国文化影响深远的说法，自然引出下文的结论。 Passage 7 Start Your Adventure of Invention The art of invention is mostly about ideas, but you’ll need the right tools, like scissors, glue and cloth, to turn your ideas into real, working inventions. In fact, anything lying around your house can be used to make inventions. 1 Find a good problem 2 If you think your duster (除尘掸子) doesn’t work well, you can try to make a better one. Brainstorm 3 Or choose anything around you and ask, “How is that like my idea? How are the cat’s legs like dusters?” Make a model Test out your idea with a model. If you want a duster driven by a cat, you could glue some dusters to sticks (棍) to see if walking like a cat will indeed clean the floor. 4 Test the model, correct it, and test again until it works the way you want. Expect your idea to change a lot during the tests. Build a prototype (原型) Finally, when you think you’ve got everything worked out, it’s time to make your final working product a prototype. Now you can show people what it looks like and how it works. 5 A．Try out, rebuild, repeat. B．Think about what you want to solve. C．It’s time to start your adventure of invention! D．There are no rules for invention, but where to start? E．Come up with 15 solutions in a minute, no matter how crazy they may seem. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了发明的冒险之旅，涵盖了从寻找问题、头脑风暴、制作模型、测试改进到最终构建原型的关键步骤，并强调动手实践是将想法变为现实的核心。 【详解】1． 此处位于文章第一段末尾，起承上启下的作用。上文介绍了发明所需的工具和材料，下文开始列举具体的发明步骤。D项“There are no rules for invention, but where to start?”提出了问题，自然引出下文的第一步“找到一个好问题”。 2． 本段的小标题是Find a good problem。空格后的句子举例说明如果觉得除尘掸子不好用可以尝试制作更好的。B项“Think about what you want to solve.”与本段主题及后文内容完全契合。 3． 本段的小标题是Brainstorm，旨在快速产生大量想法。E项“Come up with 15 solutions in a minute, no matter how crazy they may seem.”是典型的头脑风暴的方法，且与后文“Or choose anything…”构成并列的建议。 4． 此处相当于本段的小标题或主旨句。本段内容描述了“测试模型、修正、再测试”的过程。A项“Try out, rebuild, repeat.”准确概括了这一反复测试和修改的迭代过程。 5． 此处位于文章末尾。文章最后一步是制作原型并展示给人们看，至此发明过程基本完成。C项“It’s time to start your adventure of invention!”与文章标题呼应，作为结束语鼓励读者付诸行动。 Passage 8 请阅读下面语篇，根据每段内容，从所给的选项中选出适当的小标题，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Cool inventions make our daily life easier and more fun. These smart creations solve small problems and bring big convenience to people of all ages. Read on to learn about some cool inventions that change our life. 1 A US company created the “Cool Can” to chill your drink fast. Just press a button on the can—it mixes water with a special chemical inside to take in heat. Your drink can cool from 22℃ to 6℃ in seconds and stay cool for about 45 minutes. 2 Scientists have created special fake plants that can clean indoor air. Unlike real plants, they use light to turn CO2 into oxygen much more effectively. In tests, they removed about 90% of CO2 from the air—far more than real plants can do. 3 An inventor made a smart glove. It can turn sign language into spoken words. You wear it and use your hands to sign. Then, the glove says the words out loud for you. It was made to help people who cannot speak. It gives them more freedom when they talk to others. 4 Researchers have created a “plant bandage” that helps plants heal (愈合) wounds faster. It works similarly to our cut bandages and uses natural materials that are safe for plants. This new discovery could help farmers and scientists protect crops and plants more effectively. 5 The Yoomiily is a portable machine that lets you shower without getting really wet. It sprays mist to clean you and then quickly pulls the water back, so your skin stays almost dry. Weighing only four kilograms, it’s easy to carry for camping or trips. Cool inventions make people more efficient, comfortable and healthy in daily lives. Try to create or use cool inventions—they can change our life greatly! A．Translate Signs into Speech B．Cool Your Drink Instantly C．Shower without Getting Wet D．Protect Plants with a Bandage E．Clean Air with Fake Plants 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文围绕改变生活的实用创意发明展开，分段介绍了五种不同功能的趣味发明 【详解】1．根据“A US company created the ‘Cool Can’ to chill your drink fast.”可知，本段介绍能快速冷却饮料的酷冷罐，核心是快速冰镇饮品，B选项“瞬间冷却你的饮料”，精准概括本段核心内容，与段落功能完全契合。故选B。 2．根据“Scientists have created special fake plants that can clean indoor air.”可知，本段重点介绍可净化室内空气的人造仿真植物，核心功能是用假植物清洁空气，E选项“用假植物净化空气”，贴合本段主旨，承接下文具体说明内容。故选E。 3．根据“It can turn sign language into spoken words.”可知，本段介绍能将手语转化为口语的智能手套，核心作用是翻译手语为语音，A选项“把手语翻译成语音”，直接对应发明的核心功能，概括本段内容。故选A。 4．根据“Researchers have created a ‘plant bandage’ that helps plants heal wounds faster.”可知，本段讲述帮助植物快速愈合伤口的植物绷带，核心是用绷带保护、修复植物，D选项“用绷带保护植物”，契合本段描述的发明用途与核心。故选D。 5．根据“The Yoomiily is a portable machine that lets you shower without getting really wet.”可知，本段介绍可淋浴但几乎不会打湿身体的便携设备，核心特点是淋浴不沾水，C选项“淋浴不被打湿”，准确概括本段发明的核心功能，与内容匹配。故选C。 ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Great Ideas 阅读还原 5 选 5 （话题：人与社会——家乡与社会生活变迁） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 How to Introduce an Invention A clear presentation helps listeners understand not only what you made, but also why you made it and how you know it is useful. Trying to mention every idea at once will usually hide the strongest part of your work. 1 Begin with the problem. Show a short example from real life instead of giving a long definition. 2 Make clear who faces the problem and when it happens, because a solution that helps one group may not suit another. Next, explain how the invention works in three or four steps. Use a model, a diagram or simple actions, and name only the parts that listeners need in order to follow the process. 3 Testing is an important part of the story. State how many times or how long the model was tested, then share at least one useful result and one remaining weakness. 4 In fact, a clear limit often makes your report more believable because it shows that you observed the model honestly and are ready to improve it. End by returning to the user. Explain where the invention can be used, who may benefit and what safety rule must be followed. 5 A useful presentation does not merely say, “Look what I made.” It says, “Here is the problem I tried to solve, the evidence I collected and the next step I plan to take.” A．Admitting a weakness does not mean the whole project has failed. B．For example, describe a wet classroom floor before showing an umbrella stand. C．A problem-to-evidence order can keep the presentation focused. D．You may also identify the next change and explain how it will be tested. E．Leave out small technical details that do not help explain the main process. will be tested.”提到了下一步的更改及测试，与文末相呼应。 Passage 2 In my opinion, the wheel is the most important thing that human beings have ever invented. It might seem strange to say that something so simple-looking and so common could be so important. 1 Firstly, wheels influence almost every part of our lives. Wheels are used, for example, in clocks, machines and cars. If you visit just one factory, you will see how important wheels are. 3 Secondly, wheels play a great part in food production. Wheels are used to grind (磨碎) different kinds of corn into flour (面粉) . They are then used to mix flour and other foods to make bread. We also need wheels to transport (运输) the wheat (小麦). 3 Thirdly, our world would be completely different if we did not have the wheel for transport. Before the wheel was invented, people used to have to travel on foot or by riding an animal. They didn’t know where to put their heavy bags. 4 That is what we would be doing now if we did not have the wheel. Everything would take longer to do. We would be back to the Stone Age if the clever ancient people had not invented the wheel. Our modern world would simply be impossible. 5 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．It took long to finish their journeys. B．You will see wheels on almost every machine. C．The wheel is surely the most important invention of all time. D．But if you consider the following points, you will probably agree with me. E．If we did not have the wheel, we would have much difficulty in food production. Passage 3 阅读短文，从方框A-E五个选项中选出最佳选项。 1 Many of these inventions are created to make people’s life easier. Some inventions change the whole world. 2 The wheel is one of the oldest. It was invented thousands of years ago. Before wheels appeared, people could only carry things by themselves. After wheels were used, heavy things could be moved easily. Many ancient Chinese inventions influence the world greatly. Paper-making and printing helped knowledge spread fast. The compass guided ships on the sea. 3 Now new inventions come out every year. Smart machines help people work better. New energy tools protect our earth. 4 We all can be creative. Watch carefully in daily life, find out problems, and think of new ways. 5 A．Every great invention starts with an idea. B．People invent lots of things in history. C．Gunpowder was used for fireworks and wars. D．New inventions keep changing our world day by day. E．Different inventions appear in different times. Passage 4 How did people tell the time before clocks were invented? 1 They looked up at the sun and could tell it was the middle of the day when the sun was directly overhead in the sky. They also knew when it was morning or evening. Later, the Egyptians used sticks. These sticks measured (测量) time during the day. The sun shone on the tall stick and the stick made a shadow (阴影). As the sun moved across the sky, the position of the shadow changed. 2 Over time, the Chinese first used sundials (日晷) instead of shadow sticks. The sundial has a type of shadow stick on it. As the sun shines on it, a shadow appears on the numbers. 3 But sundials don’t work at night or on a cloudy day! There are no shadows unless the sun is out. Water clocks used water to measure time at night. 4 The level of the water in the bowls showed the time. People also used sand—glasses. You may have seen one. Some games still use sand-glasses. 5 It measures short amounts of time. The more sand falls, the more time has passed. When the sand has finished falling, you have to turn the sand—glass over. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Each number stands for an hour of the day. B．This would let people tell what time it was. C．At first, the ancient people used the sun to tell the time. D．Water dripped (滴落) slowly from one bowl into another. E．The sand falls from the top of the sand—glass to the bottom. Passage 5 Long ago, as people got older, there was something wrong with their teeth and it would be very painful. 1 Later people learned that cleaning their teeth was important, but they didn’t have toothpaste (牙膏) at that time. 2 About 100 years ago, someone finally created a kind of cream to clean teeth. Not long after that, the toothpaste tube (管子) was invented, so people could press the toothpaste right onto the toothbrush! 3 The army gave brushes and toothpaste to all the soldiers, and they learned to brush teeth twice a day. At that time toothpaste tubes were made of metal (金属). 24 Today there are lots of toothpaste colors and tastes to choose from, and some kinds of toothpaste are made just for children. When you’re choosing a kind of toothpaste, make sure it has fluoride (氟化物). 5 When you brush your teeth, you don’t need a lot of toothpaste: just press out a bit. 根据短文内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项。 A．Fluoride makes your teeth strong and healthy. B．To avoid toothache, they had their teeth pulled out. C．Tooth brushing became popular during World War I. D．They used lemon juice, salt or other things to clean their teeth. E．Today they’re made of soft plastic (塑料) and are much easier to use! Passage 6 Great thinkers have changed the world with their brilliant thoughts. Many students want to learn how to think like them. 1 Here are some ways to help you. 2 Read biographies of great thinkers. You can learn about their lives, their struggles and how they came up with their ideas. For example, reading about Newton will tell you how he discovered gravity by watching an apple fall. Second, practice asking questions. Great thinkers never stop asking “why” and “how”. 3 This will help you think more deeply. Third, try to solve problems in different ways. When you have a problem, don’t just use the usual method. 4 You might find a better solution. Finally, don’t be afraid of failure. Great thinkers failed many times before they succeeded. 5 If you keep trying, you will develop your own brilliant thoughts. A．First, learn about great thinkers. B．Failure is part of the journey to success. C．Many students don’t know where to start. D．Ask questions about everything around you. E．Try to think of other ways to solve it. Passage 7 Zhang Bei is an inspiring young inventor. He loved inventing things when he was a little boy. When he was in middle school, he wanted to invent a small machine to help farmers. 1 Few students believed he could make it. He met many difficulties. He failed hundreds of times and wasted lots of materials. 2 He believed failure was the mother of success. In his free time, he read invention books and learned knowledge online. 3 Every night, he kept working until midnight. After three years of hard work, his small farm machine came out. It worked very well and helped local farmers a lot. 4 Today, Zhang Bei is a successful young inventor. 5 No matter how hard the road is, keep moving forward. A．He practiced basic skills again and again. B．But he never gave up his dream. C．Everyone thought he was crazy. D．Finally, he succeeded in his field. E．His story encourages young people to stick to dreams. Passage 8 The development of robots is becoming increasingly perfect, and more types of robots are being used in many different kinds of industries. Recently, a new type of robot for the farmyard has been invented. How do farmers usually kill weeds (杂草) in the fields? 1 The trouble is that these weedkillers (除草剂) also kill wildlife, pollute rivers and are bad for the fields. This new kind of robot can cut weedkiller use by 90％, so it can cut down chemical pollution. Lots of farmers choose the robot to work in their fields. 2 How the robot works 3 The cameras facing the ground take photos to help the robot "see" the plants it passes by. The robot compares each photo to a library of plant photos to decide which plants are weeds. The robot' s arms move into position to give a small amount (量) of weedkiller on the weeds. So it won't do harm to wildlife or crops. 4 So it is very energy-friendly. How the robot will develop The scientists don't want to just stop at the achievement they have made. 5 The improved model of robots will exactly discover weeds and dig them out. The scientists thought the robots could be programmed to leave some harmless weeds in the fields to support wildlife living there. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．The robot is powered by the energy from the sun. B．Several cameras are built into the robot. C．Many of them use chemicals to kill weeds. D．They're working on new designs to improve the model. E．The robot is really smart because it only kills weeds but not crops. Passage 9 Curiosity and thinking create great ideas. 1 Many great inventions and theories all start from simple curiosity. Newton is a typical example. When he was sitting under an apple tree, an apple fell on his head. 2 Most people would ignore this common phenomenon. But Newton doubted and thought deeply. He did countless researches and experiments. 3 In our daily life, there are many strange and common phenomena waiting for us to discover. 4 Never accept everything blindly. 5 With continuous thinking and brave exploration, every student can own the power of ideas. A．Creative thinking allows us to break old rules. B．We should keep curious about the world around us. C．Curiosity is the first step of creative ideas. D．This small curiosity finally brought a great discovery. E．He kept wondering why apples fell down instead of flying up. Passage 10 People often find it hard to make some inventions. So they think only a few people can be inventors! In fact, everyone can be an inventor if they want and are willing to start. 1 To be an inventor, here are some wrong ideas you should avoid. Wrong idea 1: 2 Well, inventing means creating something new, but the idea could also come from something that is already there. The Wright brothers, for example, got the ideas for building a “flying machine” from watching birds. Wrong idea 2: Inventors are born, not made. There are a lot of factors (因素) that make inventions possible. Take Mozart, for example. He was born with a special talent for music. 3 His father was a music teacher, and Mozart practised for hours every day. Thomas Edison said that being an inventor was “99% hard work and 1% inspiration”. 4 As one inventor said, “A failure is the right answer to the wrong question!” Wrong idea 3: Inventors are always old people. 5 Here is an example of young inventors: When Chester Greenwood was 15, he invented earmuffs (耳罩). He hated his ears getting cold in winter, so he made them with fur and wire (金属丝). They are still widely used in cold weather today. A．But other factors were also important for his creativity. B．Perhaps this sounds crazy, but it’s true. C．Very successful creators don’t give up when they get something wrong. D．An invention has to be something totally new. E．Believe that you can invent something when you are young. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 根据短文内容，从短文后选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 While many students are busy having fun on their phones, Lan Bowen, a student from Yichang, Hubei, has made his own foldable phone. 1 The idea came to Lan when he found that most foldable phones in the market could only be folded inwards (向内). 2 Let’s see how Lan made his own foldable phone. He first used a 3D printer to make the frame (框架) of his phone. 3 However, “building” a smartphone was far more difficult than he had imagined. 4 One problem was that the touch-screen stopped working when the phone was unfolded. Lan was upset, but he didn’t give up. He changed the plan, tested his phone over and over again, and finally solved the problem. “My phone isn’t perfect, but it can do what a normal phone does,” Lan said. 5 Even a big phone maker liked Lan’s phone. He set a good example for us. His creativity, perseverance (毅力), and hands-on ability are all worth learning. As long as we have creative ideas, take brave actions and never give up in the face of difficulties, nothing is impossible. A．How creative the boy is! B．Lan’s creation became a big success. C．During the process, Lan met many problems. D．So he decided to make one that could be folded outwards. E．Then, he made the main parts of the phone with some old phones. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯，意思完整。 When we touch something with our fingers, we can feel how warm or cold it is. 1 They are the ones who wear the prosthetic (假体的) hands. To change that, a group of scientists have developed the “MiniTouch”. How does the “MiniTouch” work? The “MiniTouch” can be easily paired with a prosthetic hand. People who wear prosthetic hands can then use it. The “MiniTouch” collects heat information from the index finger (食指) of the prosthetic hand. The information is then sent to the wearer’s residual limb (残肢). 2 How is the “MiniTouch” proven to work? Fabrizio was the first person to try out the “MiniTouch”. The Italian man is 57 years old. He lost his right hand 37 years ago. In one test, the team prepared three similar bottles. They were filled with cold (12℃), cool (24℃) and hot (40℃) water. 3 And he made few mistakes. Without the “MiniTouch”, his correct score of the test was only 33%. The “MiniTouch” increased his correct score to about 75%. 4 Scientists plan to improve it to sense touch, allowing users to tell “soft and hot” or “hard and cold”. Another goal is to make the “MiniTouch” able to collect heat information from different parts of the prosthetic hand. 5 “It’s all about giving the people who wear prosthetic hands a richer and more natural sense of the world,” said Micera, one of the scientists. A．How will the “MiniTouch” develop? B．The Italian man could quickly tell the difference. C．This can help them sense temperature in daily life. D．However, there are some people in the world who can’t feel it. E．For example, by collecting heat information from its four other fingers. Passage 3 Chat with DeepSeek AI DeepSeek, a company set up by a group of young researchers, made a big splash (水花) with its first model, Deep-Seek-R1. This model is powerful enough and has become very popular. 1 This attracts developers from all over the world who want to see what it could do. One of the key features of DeepSeek is its ability to understand the meanings behind the words, instead of just counting on keywords. 2 It will not only list tourist attractions but also consider the weather, local events, and your personal preferences. Xing Jie, who is the leader of a Beijing-based bank, said, “DeepSeek has changed the way AI is spread. For the first time, China has a voice in the AI development area. And this didn’t come from a government or a big technology company. 3 ” DeepSeek’s success has shown something. 4 Because of control from the US, DeepSeek couldn’t get high-performance GPUs. But instead of giving up, they focused on making their software wholeheartedly by using clever programming tricks to work out this problem. “ 5 ” Xing said. “This forces Chinese companies to be creative in areas that Western companies hadn’t paid much attention to before.” In other words, the rise of DeepSeek has challenged the old belief that it needs a lot for AI breakthroughs. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．It was from a small business driven by the market. B．It quickly gained more than 100,000 stars on GitHub. C．For example, you can search for the best places to visit in Paris. D．Not having everything you need makes you think of new ideas. E．In fact, supercomputers are unnecessary to make progress in AI. Passage 4 阅读短文及文后A~E选项，选出可以填入各题空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special talents. I am only curious (好奇) about new things.” 1 Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was drawn to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. 2 His curiosity led him to invent the lightning rod (避雷针). This invention protects buildings from lightning. 3 Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair.” He lost his life while testing this invention. Although he failed in the exploration, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example and created safer ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just taking risks (冒险). 4 Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years studying the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity continues to influence scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau said, “ 5 It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, trying to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. A．What is a scientist after all? B．Curiosity can also make people brave. C．It also drives people towards certain goals. D．For example, he flew a kite during a storm. E．The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without curiosity. Passage 5 Many people believe that only talented people can come up with new invention ideas. In fact, it is possible for anyone to have good invention ideas. 1 First, you need to find fields that you know well. You can make a list of them. By making the list, you will find the fields easily. 2 What fields are you good at? You can ask yourself these questions and write down the answers on your list. 3 Your goal is to find what can be improved in your fields. You can ask people around you about their problems, such as your classmates, parents or teachers. If you are too shy to ask, you can use the Internet to get some information. Your new invention ideas need to solve those problems. The next step is to research the market. Once you know the needs, you can start researching. 4 The only thing you can do is to find ways to improve these tools and make them better. If there are no such tools, you can think about creating them. When you have finished all these steps, you will get some interesting ideas. 5 So why not start to have a try now? 根据材料内容, 从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项, 使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．What are you interested in? B．Then, you should try to find the needs and problems. C．Then it will be time for you to create your own inventions D．There may be some tools in the market that can solve the problems E．If you follow these steps, you can have your own invention ideas. Passage 6 When you use a knife and fork, you have to take the knife with your right hand and the fork with your left hand, or you can’t put food into your mouth. But with chopsticks, you can solve the eating problems with just one hand. 1 Chopsticks were called zhu or jia in ancient China. It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood (洪水). One day he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food. That was how chopsticks came into use. 2 In fact, the earliest chopsticks found in China were made of bronze (青铜), which were unearthed (挖掘) from Yinxu in Anyang city, Henan Province. 3 They are regarded as one of the symbols of Chinese food culture. Do you notice that one end of chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? According to our ancestors, the round end symbolized (象征) Heaven and the square end symbolized Earth. 4 In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination (结合) of yin and yang. The influence of Chinese culture has stretched (延伸) far and wide. 5 So it’s unbelievable that foreigners cannot use chopsticks. 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs. B．It’s convenient and efficient (有效率的). C．It was one of the legends (传说) about chopsticks. D．At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world. E．Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks. Passage 7 Start Your Adventure of Invention The art of invention is mostly about ideas, but you’ll need the right tools, like scissors, glue and cloth, to turn your ideas into real, working inventions. In fact, anything lying around your house can be used to make inventions. 1 Find a good problem 2 If you think your duster (除尘掸子) doesn’t work well, you can try to make a better one. Brainstorm 3 Or choose anything around you and ask, “How is that like my idea? How are the cat’s legs like dusters?” Make a model Test out your idea with a model. If you want a duster driven by a cat, you could glue some dusters to sticks (棍) to see if walking like a cat will indeed clean the floor. 4 Test the model, correct it, and test again until it works the way you want. Expect your idea to change a lot during the tests. Build a prototype (原型) Finally, when you think you’ve got everything worked out, it’s time to make your final working product a prototype. Now you can show people what it looks like and how it works. 5 A．Try out, rebuild, repeat. B．Think about what you want to solve. C．It’s time to start your adventure of invention! D．There are no rules for invention, but where to start? E．Come up with 15 solutions in a minute, no matter how crazy they may seem. Passage 8 请阅读下面语篇，根据每段内容，从所给的选项中选出适当的小标题，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Cool inventions make our daily life easier and more fun. These smart creations solve small problems and bring big convenience to people of all ages. Read on to learn about some cool inventions that change our life. 1 A US company created the “Cool Can” to chill your drink fast. Just press a button on the can—it mixes water with a special chemical inside to take in heat. Your drink can cool from 22℃ to 6℃ in seconds and stay cool for about 45 minutes. 2 Scientists have created special fake plants that can clean indoor air. Unlike real plants, they use light to turn CO2 into oxygen much more effectively. In tests, they removed about 90% of CO2 from the air—far more than real plants can do. 3 An inventor made a smart glove. It can turn sign language into spoken words. You wear it and use your hands to sign. Then, the glove says the words out loud for you. It was made to help people who cannot speak. It gives them more freedom when they talk to others. 4 Researchers have created a “plant bandage” that helps plants heal (愈合) wounds faster. It works similarly to our cut bandages and uses natural materials that are safe for plants. This new discovery could help farmers and scientists protect crops and plants more effectively. 5 The Yoomiily is a portable machine that lets you shower without getting really wet. It sprays mist to clean you and then quickly pulls the water back, so your skin stays almost dry. Weighing only four kilograms, it’s easy to carry for camping or trips. Cool inventions make people more efficient, comfortable and healthy in daily lives. Try to create or use cool inventions—they can change our life greatly! A．Translate Signs into Speech B．Cool Your Drink Instantly C．Shower without Getting Wet D．Protect Plants with a Bandage E．Clean Air with Fake Plants ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Great Ideas 阅读还原 5 选 5 （话题：人与社会——家乡与社会生活变迁） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1．C 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．D Passage 2 1．D 2．B 3.E 4．A 5．C Passage 3 1．B 2．E 3．C 4．D 5．A Passage 4 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．E Passage 5 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A Passage 6 1．C 2．A 3．D 4．E 5．B Passage 7 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．E Passage 8 1．C 2．E 3．B 4．A 5．D Passage 9 1．C 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．A Passage 10 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．E 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1．A 2．D 3．E 4．C 5．B Passage 2 1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．E Passage 3 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．E 6．D Passage 4 1．E 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．A Passage 5 1．E 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C Passage 6 1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．D Passage 7 1．D 2．B 3．E 4．A 5．C Passage 8 1．B 2．E 3．A 4．D 5．C ( 1 / 13 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $