Unit 3 Space exploration（复习讲义）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

该初中英语单元复习讲义以“太空探索先驱”主题为核心，通过表格系统梳理复习要点与重难点，构建“词汇-语法-阅读-写作-文化”五位一体的知识体系，用思维导图呈现航天术语、核心语法（被动语态、比较级等）的内在逻辑，突出词形转换、长句分析等关键难点。 讲义亮点在于“即时小练+综合应用”的分层练习设计，如单词变形题“Yutu‑2 ______ (explore) the far side of the moon”强化语言能力，观点作文“My attitude towards space tourism”培养思维品质，结合航天先驱事迹渗透文化意识。配套完形填空、阅读理解等题型，助力学生自主巩固，教师可依此实施精准复习教学。

Unit 3 Space exploration（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.围绕Pioneers in space exploration（太空探索先驱）主题，掌握宇宙、航天探测器、航天人物相关表达，读懂玉兔二号、祝融号对话文本，梳理航天任务的困难与解决方案。 2.掌握指定核心单词及词形转换，熟记name…after…、in charge of等课本重点短语。 3.吃透单元综合语法：被动语态、形容词比较级、状语从句；能读懂if条件状语从句，会用比较级对比行星特征，正确使用被动语态介绍航天设备。 4.能够发表对太空旅游的看法，完成观点作文My attitude towards space tourism，会使用过渡连接词。 5.了解航天先驱事迹，感受航天探索精神。 复习重难点 重点 1. 词汇：核心单词词形转换；单元航天主题固定短语。 2. 语法：各时态被动语态；形容词比较级；if 引导条件状语从句。 3. 写作：观点议论文，会使用信号词、过渡句。 难点 1. 语法：被动语态 by 的取舍；比较级比较对象一致；条件状语从句 “主将从现”。 2. 长句：读懂带有定语的科技长句，区分困难、解决措施逻辑。 3. 易错搭配；写作避免重复句式。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：explore v. 探索；探测 I'm the first robot rover to explore the far side of the moon. 我是首个探测月球背面的机器人月球车。 变形：exploration n.探索；探测；explorer n.探险家 固定搭配：explore space 探索太空；space exploration太空探索 【即时小练】 Yutu‑2 ________ (explore) the far side of the moon in 2019. 知识点2：mysterious adj.神秘的 know about our mysterious SPACE! 了解我们神秘的太空。 变形：mystery n.神秘；奥秘 固定搭配：the mysterious universe 神秘的宇宙 【即时小练】 Many people want to learn about the ________ (mystery) space. 知识点3：inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 She's very inspiring. 她十分鼓舞人心。 变形：inspire v.激励；inspired adj.（人）受鼓舞的 固定搭配：an inspiring role model 鼓舞人心的榜样 【即时小练】 The taikonaut is an ________ (inspire) role model for teenagers. 知识点4：benefit v.有益于 n.益处 I am more interested in how the findings can benefit mankind. 我更感兴趣这些研究成果如何造福人类。 变形：beneficial adj.有益的 固定搭配：benefit mankind 造福人类；be of great benefit 大有裨益 【即时小练】 Space technology ________ (benefit) human beings in many ways. 知识点5：produce v.生产；制造 We can use materials in our solar system to produce oxygen and water. 我们可以使用太阳系的物质制造氧气和水。 变形：product n.产品；production n.生产 固定搭配：produce oxygen 制造氧气 【即时小练】 Scientists try ________ (produce) water on Mars. 知识点6：produce v.生产；制造 We can use materials in our solar system to produce oxygen and water. 我们可以使用太阳系的物质制造氧气和水。 变形：product n.产品；production n.生产 固定搭配：produce oxygen 制造氧气 【即时小练】 Scientists try ________ (produce) water on Mars. 知识点7：difficulty n.困难；难题 课本衍生语境：One of the difficulties of getting to the far side of the moon… 抵达月球背面的困难之一…… 变形：difficult adj.困难的 固定搭配：overcome difficulties 克服困难；one of the difficulties 困难之一 【即时小练】 There are many ________ (difficulty) in space exploration. 知识点8：overcome v.克服 To overcome this challenge, a relay satellite was then put in orbit above the moon. 为了克服这个难题，一颗中继卫星被送入月球轨道。 变形：overcame(过去式)；overcome(过去分词) 固定搭配：overcome difficulties/challenges 克服困难/挑战 【即时小练】 Scientists ________ (overcome) lots of difficulties years ago. 知识点9：challenge n.挑战 v.向……挑战 To overcome this challenge… 为克服这一挑战…… 变形：challenging adj.有挑战性的 固定搭配：face many challenges 面对诸多挑战；overcome a challenge克服挑战 【即时小练】 Space exploration is full of ________ (challenge). 知识点10：signal n.信号 v.发信号 the moon blocks radio signals. 月球阻隔无线电信号。 固定搭配：radio signals 无线电信号 【即时小练】 The rover cannot receive radio ________ (signal) behind the moon. 知识点11：delay n.&v.延迟；延时 The communication delay, which is about 20 minutes… 大约20分钟的通讯延迟…… 固定搭配：communication delay通讯延迟 【即时小练】 There is a 20‑minute ________ (delay) in communication between Mars and Earth. 知识点12：achievement n.成就；功绩 I can only marvel at the scientific achievements that enable me to work properly. 我只能惊叹那些使我正常工作的科学成就。 变形：achieve v.实现；取得 固定搭配：scientific achievements 科学成就 【即时小练】 China has made great ________ (achieve) in space exploration. 知识点13：name…after… 以……命名 I'm Yutu 2. I'm a moon rover. I was named after the pet rabbit of Chang'e. 我是玉兔二号月球车，我是以嫦娥的玉兔命名的。 详解：name A after B “把A以B命名”；被动：be named after… 以……命名 【即时小练】 The rover ________ ________ ________ the god of fire.（以火神命名） 知识点14：in charge of 主管；负责 Liu was in charge of medical experiments in space on her first mission. 刘洋在第一次任务中负责太空医学实验。 【即时小练】 He is ________ ________ ________ the space medical experiments.（负责） 知识点15：can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 I just can’t wait to meet her online this Friday. 我迫不及待这周五线上见到她。 【即时小练】 We ________ ________ ________ learn more about space.（迫不及待了解更多太空知识） 知识点16：provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物 space technology not only provides us with the opportunities to explore space… 航天技术不仅为我们提供探索太空的机会…… 同义：provide sth for sb. 【即时小练】 Science ________ us ________ many new chances.（科学为我们提供很多新机会） 知识点17：a step towards better future 迈向更美好未来的一步 Firstly, space exploration is a step towards better future. 首先，太空探索是迈向更美好未来的一步。 【即时小练】 Space exploration is ________ ________ ________ a better future.（迈向美好未来的一步） 知识点18：of great value 很有价值 In fact, it is of great value. 事实上，它有很高价值。 详解：be of +抽象名词 = be +形容词；be of great value = be very valuable 很有价值 【即时小练】 Space research is ________ ________ ________.（极具价值） 单元语法：Comprehensive review (III) 1.被动语态（科技说明文高频） 结构：be + 过去分词；通过改变 be 动词体现时态 •一般过去被动：was /were + done •一般现在被动：am /is/are + done •FAST was completed in 2016. 500 米口径射电望远镜于 2016 年竣工。 •GMT is expected to begin operating around 2029. 巨型麦哲伦望远镜预计 2029 年左右投入使用。 2.形容词比较级 & 倍数表达（事物对比） ① A + be + 比较级 + than + B A 比 B 更…… ② A + be + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as + B A 是 B 的几倍 •A day on Mars lasts a bit longer than a day on the Earth. 火星的一天比地球的一天稍长一点。 •A Mars year is almost twice as long as an Earth year. 火星年几乎是地球年的两倍长。 3.if 引导真实条件状语从句（主将从现，可嵌套被动语态） 从句：if + 一般现在时；主句：will /can + 动词原形 •If huge solar mirrors can be put in orbit round Mars, polar ice caps can be heated. 如果巨大的太阳镜可以被放置在火星轨道，极地冰盖就可以被加热。 4.时态综合 1）一般过去时被动：介绍已经完工的天文设备 2）一般现在时被动：描述事物客观状态 3）情态动词 can + be done：描述科学层面的可能性 （时间：30分钟） 一、单词拼写 1. The ________（神秘的）universe attracts many scientists. 2. He is ________（负责）of medical experiments in space. 3. I ________（迫不及待）to know more about space travel. 4. This research work is ________（很有价值）. 5. There is a communication ________（延迟）between Mars and Earth. 6. We should learn to ________（克服）all kinds of challenges. 7. Space technology can ________（有益于）mankind. 8. This is an important ________（一步）towards space dream. 9. We should collect clear radio ________（信号）from space. 10. It is hard to ________（探索）distant planets. 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Yutu‑2 ________ (explore) the far side of the moon in 2019. 2. The taikonaut is an ________ (inspire) role model for teenagers. 3. Zhurong ________ (success) landed on Mars in 2021. 4. There are many ________ (difficulty) during space missions. 5. Scientists ________ (overcome) plenty of problems many years ago. 6. Space exploration brings lots of ________ (challenge). 7. China has made great ________ (achieve) in space science. 8. Space technology ________ (benefit) people in daily life. 9. We try ________ (produce) water and oxygen for Mars. 10. Having radio ________ (signal) is very important for rovers. 11. The rover ________ (name) after Chinese ancient culture. 12. Exploring space ________ (be) a step towards a better future. 三、完成句子 1. 玉兔二号是以嫦娥故事中的玉兔命名的。 Yutu‑2 ________ ________ ________ the rabbit from Chang’e story. 2. 这位宇航员负责太空医学实验。 The taikonaut is ________ ________ ________ space medical experiments. 3. 我们迫不及待想要了解更多宇宙知识。 We ________ ________ ________ learn more about the universe. 4. 航天技术为人类提供探索太空的机会。 Space technology ________ humans ________ chances to explore space. 5. 太空探索是迈向更加美好未来的一步。 Space exploration is ________ ________ ________ a better future. 6. 这项科学研究极具价值。 This scientific research is ________ ________ ________. 7. 科学家多年前克服了重重困难。 Scientists ________ many ________ years ago. 8. 祝融号于2021年成功登陆火星。 Zhurong ________ ________ on Mars in 2021. 9. 太空探索带来许多挑战，但它可以造福全人类。 Space exploration brings many ________, but it can ________ all mankind. 10. 科学成就让月球车能够在月球背面正常工作。 Scientific ________ ________ the rover ________ work properly on the far side of the moon. 四、完形填空 You would see mountains and valleys if you looked at the Moon through a telescope (望远镜). If you looked at the planet Jupiter, you would see its moons. Galileo was the first person to see these things through a telescope. Galileo did not 1 the telescope. It was first made by a Dutch lensmaker (镜片制造人). But Galileo improved the design so he was 2 to study the stars and planets closely. Some people call him the first astronomer (天文学家). As he studied the sky, Galileo found proof that the planets orbit (沿轨道运行) around the Sun. He was not the first person to believe this, but he was the first to prove that it was true. People of that time believed that Earth was the centre of the universe and 3 in space moved around Earth. Galileo got into trouble with the government and the church for saying that what they believed was wrong. He had to 4 what he said or else he would have gone to jail. Galileo was more than an astronomer. He was an inventor as well. He invented the first thermometer (温度计). His thermometer did not measure exact temperatures, 5 it did show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature. He invented a compass that was used for aiming cannonballs (炮弹) shot out of a cannon. Later the compass was used to survey land. He invented a device that used a horse and buckets to raise water. This was used for irrigation (灌溉). Galileo thought about the world in a new way. Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or 6 their ideas. It was enough just to think about ideas. Galileo wanted to try out his ideas and see if they worked in the world. Galileo was one of the first real scientists. 1．A．invent B．discover C．build D．use 2．A．ready B．able C．eager D．likely 3．A．something B．everything C．nothing D．anything 4．A．take off B．take up C．take back D．take away 5．A．so B．and C．but D．or 6．A．explore B．question C．study D．test 五、阅读理解 American astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian astronaut Mikhail Kornienko reached the halfway point of a year-long task on the International Space Station (ISS) that week. The two astronauts planned to spend 342 days in space. Tuesday was the 171st day. Most visits to the Space Station last four to six months. This task would help scientists understand how the human body reacts (反应) to longtime of space flight. In a recent interview, Scott Kelly said, “Since it’s an important event, I’m not going to start counting days down. I’m going to wait until March; then I’m going to allow myself to count how many days I have been in space. I’m counting up for the time being.” In their six months in space, the astronauts had taken part in some scientific experiments. One important experiment watched how body fluids (体液) reacted during weightlessness (失重). Changes in eyesight through increased intracranial pressure (颅内压) were found. It had been a main problem which scientists wanted to work out before sending humans to space. Scott Kelly’s twin brother Mark Kelly was being studied on Earth at the same time. Mark used to be an astronaut too. Researchers wanted to compare medical information of the two brothers because they were twins. Both of the two men’s bodies would be different after a year of weightlessness. Researchers would also study the differences between the two brothers. All the research during the ISS task was shared between the two countries. This was an important step in reducing cost and improving efficiency for future space station research. The one-year task was the latest step in the International Space Station’s role to help prepare humans for possible exploration into deeper space. 1．By Tuesday, Scott Kelly had stayed in space for ________. A．342 days B．171 days C．four months D．a year. 2．During weightlessness in space, ________ happened to astronauts. A．changes in eyesight B．reducing cost C．improving efficiency D．increasing cost 3．Researchers wanted to compare medical information of Scott and Mark because they were ________. A．both in space B．both on Earth C．astronauts D．twins 4．The underlined word efficiency in paragraph 5 means “________”. A．准确性 B．效率 C．活动 D．努力 5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Scott Kelly’s visit to the Space Station lasted longer than most visits. B．Scott Kelly’s body would be different from Mark Kelly’s after the task. C．The one-year task was so difficult that Scott Kelly hoped to leave space. D．The one-year task was a development for future space station research. 6．The passage is mainly about ________. A．two astronauts B．a scientific experiment C．space flight D．a year-long space task 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Space exploration（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.围绕Pioneers in space exploration（太空探索先驱）主题，掌握宇宙、航天探测器、航天人物相关表达，读懂玉兔二号、祝融号对话文本，梳理航天任务的困难与解决方案。 2.掌握指定核心单词及词形转换，熟记name…after…、in charge of等课本重点短语。 3.吃透单元综合语法：被动语态、形容词比较级、状语从句；能读懂if条件状语从句，会用比较级对比行星特征，正确使用被动语态介绍航天设备。 4.能够发表对太空旅游的看法，完成观点作文My attitude towards space tourism，会使用过渡连接词。 5.了解航天先驱事迹，感受航天探索精神。 复习重难点 重点 1. 词汇：核心单词词形转换；单元航天主题固定短语。 2. 语法：各时态被动语态；形容词比较级；if 引导条件状语从句。 3. 写作：观点议论文，会使用信号词、过渡句。 难点 1. 语法：被动语态 by 的取舍；比较级比较对象一致；条件状语从句 “主将从现”。 2. 长句：读懂带有定语的科技长句，区分困难、解决措施逻辑。 3. 易错搭配；写作避免重复句式。 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：explore v. 探索；探测 I'm the first robot rover to explore the far side of the moon. 我是首个探测月球背面的机器人月球车。 变形：exploration n.探索；探测；explorer n.探险家 固定搭配：explore space 探索太空；space exploration太空探索 【即时小练】 Yutu‑2 ________ (explore) the far side of the moon in 2019. 【答案】explored 【解析】in 2019过去时间，动词用过去式explored。 知识点2：mysterious adj.神秘的 know about our mysterious SPACE! 了解我们神秘的太空。 变形：mystery n.神秘；奥秘 固定搭配：the mysterious universe 神秘的宇宙 【即时小练】 Many people want to learn about the ________ (mystery) space. 【答案】mysterious 【解析】形容词修饰名词space，填mysterious。 知识点3：inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 She's very inspiring. 她十分鼓舞人心。 变形：inspire v.激励；inspired adj.（人）受鼓舞的 固定搭配：an inspiring role model 鼓舞人心的榜样 【即时小练】 The taikonaut is an ________ (inspire) role model for teenagers. 【答案】inspiring 【解析】修饰事物/榜样，‑ing结尾形容词inspiring“令人鼓舞的”。 知识点4：benefit v.有益于 n.益处 I am more interested in how the findings can benefit mankind. 我更感兴趣这些研究成果如何造福人类。 变形：beneficial adj.有益的 固定搭配：benefit mankind 造福人类；be of great benefit 大有裨益 【即时小练】 Space technology ________ (benefit) human beings in many ways. 【答案】benefits 【解析】主语technology单数，一般现在时谓语三单benefits。 知识点5：produce v.生产；制造 We can use materials in our solar system to produce oxygen and water. 我们可以使用太阳系的物质制造氧气和水。 变形：product n.产品；production n.生产 固定搭配：produce oxygen 制造氧气 【即时小练】 Scientists try ________ (produce) water on Mars. 【答案】to produce 【解析】try to do sth.尽力做某事，不定式作宾语。 知识点6：produce v.生产；制造 We can use materials in our solar system to produce oxygen and water. 我们可以使用太阳系的物质制造氧气和水。 变形：product n.产品；production n.生产 固定搭配：produce oxygen 制造氧气 【即时小练】 Scientists try ________ (produce) water on Mars. 【答案】to produce 【解析】try to do sth.尽力做某事，不定式作宾语。 知识点7：difficulty n.困难；难题 课本衍生语境：One of the difficulties of getting to the far side of the moon… 抵达月球背面的困难之一…… 变形：difficult adj.困难的 固定搭配：overcome difficulties 克服困难；one of the difficulties 困难之一 【即时小练】 There are many ________ (difficulty) in space exploration. 【答案】difficulties 【解析】many后接可数名词复数difficulties。 知识点8：overcome v.克服 To overcome this challenge, a relay satellite was then put in orbit above the moon. 为了克服这个难题，一颗中继卫星被送入月球轨道。 变形：overcame(过去式)；overcome(过去分词) 固定搭配：overcome difficulties/challenges 克服困难/挑战 【即时小练】 Scientists ________ (overcome) lots of difficulties years ago. 【答案】overcame 【解析】years ago过去时间，overcome过去式overcame。 知识点9：challenge n.挑战 v.向……挑战 To overcome this challenge… 为克服这一挑战…… 变形：challenging adj.有挑战性的 固定搭配：face many challenges 面对诸多挑战；overcome a challenge克服挑战 【即时小练】 Space exploration is full of ________ (challenge). 【答案】challenges 【解析】be full of后接复数名词challenges。 知识点10：signal n.信号 v.发信号 the moon blocks radio signals. 月球阻隔无线电信号。 固定搭配：radio signals 无线电信号 【即时小练】 The rover cannot receive radio ________ (signal) behind the moon. 【答案】signals 【解析】radio signals无线电信号，常用复数。 知识点11：delay n.&v.延迟；延时 The communication delay, which is about 20 minutes… 大约20分钟的通讯延迟…… 固定搭配：communication delay通讯延迟 【即时小练】 There is a 20‑minute ________ (delay) in communication between Mars and Earth. 【答案】delay 【解析】a后接单数名词delay。 知识点12：achievement n.成就；功绩 I can only marvel at the scientific achievements that enable me to work properly. 我只能惊叹那些使我正常工作的科学成就。 变形：achieve v.实现；取得 固定搭配：scientific achievements 科学成就 【即时小练】 China has made great ________ (achieve) in space exploration. 【答案】achievements 【解析】great后接名词，make achievements取得成就，常用复数。 知识点13：name…after… 以……命名 I'm Yutu 2. I'm a moon rover. I was named after the pet rabbit of Chang'e. 我是玉兔二号月球车，我是以嫦娥的玉兔命名的。 详解：name A after B “把A以B命名”；被动：be named after… 以……命名 【即时小练】 The rover ________ ________ ________ the god of fire.（以火神命名） 【答案】was named after 【解析】be named after被动语态，探测器是被命名，讲述过去事情用was。 知识点14：in charge of 主管；负责 Liu was in charge of medical experiments in space on her first mission. 刘洋在第一次任务中负责太空医学实验。 【即时小练】 He is ________ ________ ________ the space medical experiments.（负责） 【答案】in charge of 【解析】固定介词短语，be in charge of“负责主管”。 知识点15：can’t wait to do 迫不及待做某事 I just can’t wait to meet her online this Friday. 我迫不及待这周五线上见到她。 【即时小练】 We ________ ________ ________ learn more about space.（迫不及待了解更多太空知识） 【答案】can’t wait to 【解析】can’t wait to +动词原形，固定搭配。 知识点16：provide sb with sth 为某人提供某物 space technology not only provides us with the opportunities to explore space… 航天技术不仅为我们提供探索太空的机会…… 同义：provide sth for sb. 【即时小练】 Science ________ us ________ many new chances.（科学为我们提供很多新机会） 【答案】provides; with 【解析】provide sb with sth固定搭配；主语science三单。 知识点17：a step towards better future 迈向更美好未来的一步 Firstly, space exploration is a step towards better future. 首先，太空探索是迈向更美好未来的一步。 【即时小练】 Space exploration is ________ ________ ________ a better future.（迈向美好未来的一步） 【答案】a step towards 【解析】towards介词，“朝向”。 知识点18：of great value 很有价值 In fact, it is of great value. 事实上，它有很高价值。 详解：be of +抽象名词 = be +形容词；be of great value = be very valuable 很有价值 【即时小练】 Space research is ________ ________ ________.（极具价值） 【答案】of great value 【解析】固定结构be of great +抽象名词。 单元语法：Comprehensive review (III) 1.被动语态（科技说明文高频） 结构：be + 过去分词；通过改变 be 动词体现时态 •一般过去被动：was /were + done •一般现在被动：am /is/are + done •FAST was completed in 2016. 500 米口径射电望远镜于 2016 年竣工。 •GMT is expected to begin operating around 2029. 巨型麦哲伦望远镜预计 2029 年左右投入使用。 2.形容词比较级 & 倍数表达（事物对比） ① A + be + 比较级 + than + B A 比 B 更…… ② A + be + 倍数 + as + 原级 + as + B A 是 B 的几倍 •A day on Mars lasts a bit longer than a day on the Earth. 火星的一天比地球的一天稍长一点。 •A Mars year is almost twice as long as an Earth year. 火星年几乎是地球年的两倍长。 3.if 引导真实条件状语从句（主将从现，可嵌套被动语态） 从句：if + 一般现在时；主句：will /can + 动词原形 •If huge solar mirrors can be put in orbit round Mars, polar ice caps can be heated. 如果巨大的太阳镜可以被放置在火星轨道，极地冰盖就可以被加热。 4.时态综合 1）一般过去时被动：介绍已经完工的天文设备 2）一般现在时被动：描述事物客观状态 3）情态动词 can + be done：描述科学层面的可能性 （时间：30分钟） 一、单词拼写 1. The ________（神秘的）universe attracts many scientists. 2. He is ________（负责）of medical experiments in space. 3. I ________（迫不及待）to know more about space travel. 4. This research work is ________（很有价值）. 5. There is a communication ________（延迟）between Mars and Earth. 6. We should learn to ________（克服）all kinds of challenges. 7. Space technology can ________（有益于）mankind. 8. This is an important ________（一步）towards space dream. 9. We should collect clear radio ________（信号）from space. 10. It is hard to ________（探索）distant planets. 答案&解析 1. mysterious 解析：形容词修饰名词universe，课本原词“神秘的”。 2. in charge 解析：be in charge of固定短语，“负责”。 3. can’t wait 解析：can’t wait to do迫不及待做某事，固定情态短语。 4. of great value 解析：be of great value固定结构，“极具价值”。 5. delay 解析：communication delay通讯延迟，名词。 6. overcome 解析：learn to后接动词原形overcome“克服”。 7. benefit 解析：can情态动词后接动词原形benefit“有益于”。 8. step 解析：a后接单数名词step“一步”。 9. signals 解析：radio signals无线电信号，复数名词。 10. explore 解析：it is hard to do；to后接动词原形explore“探测，探索”。 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Yutu‑2 ________ (explore) the far side of the moon in 2019. 2. The taikonaut is an ________ (inspire) role model for teenagers. 3. Zhurong ________ (success) landed on Mars in 2021. 4. There are many ________ (difficulty) during space missions. 5. Scientists ________ (overcome) plenty of problems many years ago. 6. Space exploration brings lots of ________ (challenge). 7. China has made great ________ (achieve) in space science. 8. Space technology ________ (benefit) people in daily life. 9. We try ________ (produce) water and oxygen for Mars. 10. Having radio ________ (signal) is very important for rovers. 11. The rover ________ (name) after Chinese ancient culture. 12. Exploring space ________ (be) a step towards a better future. 答案&解析 1. explored 解析：in 2019过去时间，explore“探测”用过去式explored。 2. inspiring 解析：修饰role model事物，‑ing形容词inspiring令人鼓舞的。 3. successfully 解析：副词修饰动词landed；success的副词形式successfully“成功地”。 4. difficulties 解析：many后接可数名词复数difficulties“困难”。 5. overcame 解析：many years ago过去时间；overcome过去式overcame“克服”。 6. challenges 解析：lots of后接复数名词challenges“挑战”。 7. achievements 解析：make achievements取得成就，固定搭配，用复数。 8. benefits 解析：technology单数主语，一般现在时谓语三单benefits“有益于”。 9. to produce 解析：try to do sth尽力做某事，不定式作宾语。 10. signals 解析：radio signals无线电信号，常用复数。 11. is named 解析：be named after被动语态；探测器被命名，主语单数。 12. is 解析：动名词Exploring space作主语，视作单数，be动词用is。 三、完成句子 1. 玉兔二号是以嫦娥故事中的玉兔命名的。 Yutu‑2 ________ ________ ________ the rabbit from Chang’e story. 2. 这位宇航员负责太空医学实验。 The taikonaut is ________ ________ ________ space medical experiments. 3. 我们迫不及待想要了解更多宇宙知识。 We ________ ________ ________ learn more about the universe. 4. 航天技术为人类提供探索太空的机会。 Space technology ________ humans ________ chances to explore space. 5. 太空探索是迈向更加美好未来的一步。 Space exploration is ________ ________ ________ a better future. 6. 这项科学研究极具价值。 This scientific research is ________ ________ ________. 7. 科学家多年前克服了重重困难。 Scientists ________ many ________ years ago. 8. 祝融号于2021年成功登陆火星。 Zhurong ________ ________ on Mars in 2021. 9. 太空探索带来许多挑战，但它可以造福全人类。 Space exploration brings many ________, but it can ________ all mankind. 10. 科学成就让月球车能够在月球背面正常工作。 Scientific ________ ________ the rover ________ work properly on the far side of the moon. 答案&解析 1. was named after 解析：be named after“以……命名”，讲述过去的命名，用一般过去被动。 2. in charge of 解析：be in charge of 固定短语，主管、负责。 3. can’t wait to 解析：can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事，课本口语原句。 4. provides; with 解析：provide sb with sth为某人提供某物；technology单数谓语三单provides。 5. a step towards 解析：a step towards…迈向……的一步，写作原句短语。 6. of great value 解析：be of great value = be very valuable，单元写作核心句型。 7. overcame; difficulties 解析：years ago过去时overcame；overcome difficulties克服困难，difficulty用复数。 8. successfully landed 解析：land on登陆；副词successfully修饰landed。 9. challenges; benefit 解析：many后复数challenges；can情态动词后接原形benefit“造福，有益于”。 10. achievements; enable; to 解析：scientific achievements科学成就；enable sb to do sth使某人能够做某事。 四、完形填空 You would see mountains and valleys if you looked at the Moon through a telescope (望远镜). If you looked at the planet Jupiter, you would see its moons. Galileo was the first person to see these things through a telescope. Galileo did not 1 the telescope. It was first made by a Dutch lensmaker (镜片制造人). But Galileo improved the design so he was 2 to study the stars and planets closely. Some people call him the first astronomer (天文学家). As he studied the sky, Galileo found proof that the planets orbit (沿轨道运行) around the Sun. He was not the first person to believe this, but he was the first to prove that it was true. People of that time believed that Earth was the centre of the universe and 3 in space moved around Earth. Galileo got into trouble with the government and the church for saying that what they believed was wrong. He had to 4 what he said or else he would have gone to jail. Galileo was more than an astronomer. He was an inventor as well. He invented the first thermometer (温度计). His thermometer did not measure exact temperatures, 5 it did show if a temperature was higher or lower or the same as another temperature. He invented a compass that was used for aiming cannonballs (炮弹) shot out of a cannon. Later the compass was used to survey land. He invented a device that used a horse and buckets to raise water. This was used for irrigation (灌溉). Galileo thought about the world in a new way. Before Galileo, people did not run experiments or 6 their ideas. It was enough just to think about ideas. Galileo wanted to try out his ideas and see if they worked in the world. Galileo was one of the first real scientists. 1．A．invent B．discover C．build D．use 2．A．ready B．able C．eager D．likely 3．A．something B．everything C．nothing D．anything 4．A．take off B．take up C．take back D．take away 5．A．so B．and C．but D．or 6．A．explore B．question C．study D．test 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了伽利略，他被认为是现代科学的奠基人。 1．句意：伽利略并没有发明望远镜。 invent发明；discover发现；build建造；use使用。根据“It was first made by a Dutch lensmaker”可知望远镜是一位荷兰镜片制造人制造的，不是伽利略发明的。故选A。 2．句意：但伽利略改进了设计，使他能够仔细地研究星星和行星。 ready准备好的；able能够的；eager渴望的；likely可能的。根据“Galileo improved the design so he was...to study the stars and planets closely”可知他改进了设计，让他能够仔细地研究星星和行星。故选B。 3．句意：当时的人们相信地球是宇宙的中心，一切在太空中的物体都围绕地球运动。 something某物；everything一切；nothing没有什么；anything任何东西。根据“Earth was the centre of the universe”可知认为地球是宇宙的中心，所以一切都围绕地球运动。故选B。 4．句意：他不得不收回他所说的，否则他将被关进监狱。 take off起飞；take up开始从事；take back收回；take away带走。根据“what he said or else he would have gone to jail.”可知他要收回自己所说的话，不然会被送进监狱。故选C。 5．句意：他的温度计无法精准测量温度，但可以显示该温度是高还是低，抑或与另一个温度相同与否。 so因此；and和；but但是；or或者。此处和前句是转折关系，用but连接。故选C。 6．句意：在伽利略之前，人们不进行实验或测试他们的想法。 explore探索；question提问；study学习；test测试。根据“people did not run experiments or...their ideas”可知人们不进行实验或者测试他们的想法。故选D。 五、阅读理解 American astronaut Scott Kelly and Russian astronaut Mikhail Kornienko reached the halfway point of a year-long task on the International Space Station (ISS) that week. The two astronauts planned to spend 342 days in space. Tuesday was the 171st day. Most visits to the Space Station last four to six months. This task would help scientists understand how the human body reacts (反应) to longtime of space flight. In a recent interview, Scott Kelly said, “Since it’s an important event, I’m not going to start counting days down. I’m going to wait until March; then I’m going to allow myself to count how many days I have been in space. I’m counting up for the time being.” In their six months in space, the astronauts had taken part in some scientific experiments. One important experiment watched how body fluids (体液) reacted during weightlessness (失重). Changes in eyesight through increased intracranial pressure (颅内压) were found. It had been a main problem which scientists wanted to work out before sending humans to space. Scott Kelly’s twin brother Mark Kelly was being studied on Earth at the same time. Mark used to be an astronaut too. Researchers wanted to compare medical information of the two brothers because they were twins. Both of the two men’s bodies would be different after a year of weightlessness. Researchers would also study the differences between the two brothers. All the research during the ISS task was shared between the two countries. This was an important step in reducing cost and improving efficiency for future space station research. The one-year task was the latest step in the International Space Station’s role to help prepare humans for possible exploration into deeper space. 1．By Tuesday, Scott Kelly had stayed in space for ________. A．342 days B．171 days C．four months D．a year. 2．During weightlessness in space, ________ happened to astronauts. A．changes in eyesight B．reducing cost C．improving efficiency D．increasing cost 3．Researchers wanted to compare medical information of Scott and Mark because they were ________. A．both in space B．both on Earth C．astronauts D．twins 4．The underlined word efficiency in paragraph 5 means “________”. A．准确性 B．效率 C．活动 D．努力 5．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A．Scott Kelly’s visit to the Space Station lasted longer than most visits. B．Scott Kelly’s body would be different from Mark Kelly’s after the task. C．The one-year task was so difficult that Scott Kelly hoped to leave space. D．The one-year task was a development for future space station research. 6．The passage is mainly about ________. A．two astronauts B．a scientific experiment C．space flight D．a year-long space task 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国宇航员Scott Kelly和俄罗斯宇航员Mikhail Kornienko在国际空间站进行为期一年的任务，旨在研究长期太空飞行对人体的影响。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The two astronauts planned to spend 342 days in space. Tuesday was the 171st day.”可知，直到周二时，Scott已在太空停留171天。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Changes in eyesight through increased intracranial pressure (颅内压) were found.”可知，失重状态下颅内压升高导致视力变化，这是实验中观察到的主要问题。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers wanted to compare medical information of the two brothers because they were twins.”可知，因Scott和Mark是双胞胎，研究人员需对比两人的医学数据，以研究太空环境对人体的影响。故选D。 4．词义猜测题。根据最后一段“This was an important step in reducing cost and improving efficiency for future space station research.”可知，这是未来空间站研究降低成本和提高效率的重要一步。故划线单词“efficiency”意为“效率”。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“In a recent interview, Scott Kelly said, ‘Since it’s an important event, I’m not going to start counting days down.’ ”可知，Scott表示暂时不会倒数天数，未体现“迫切希望离开太空”，故C与原文不符。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。本文主要围绕Scott Kelly和Mikhail Kornienko在国际空间站进行的一年任务展开，因此D选项“一年的天空任务”最能概括文章主旨。故选D。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $