Unit 3 课时3 Grammar：综合复习III（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

**基本信息** 该同步练习围绕Unit3语法（被动语态、比较级、条件状语从句）设计四层分层作业，从基础识记到语篇综合应用，梯度清晰，适配新授课知识巩固与语言能力、思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心语法点（被动语态结构、比较级规则等）|知识点清单+基础选择，强化语法概念记忆| |能力提升|单一语法应用（条件句、被动转换）|句型转换+中档选择，训练语法规则运用| |拓展培优|复杂语法综合（主谓一致、比较级倍数）|被动语态进阶+比较级用法，提升语法综合能力| |思维进阶|语篇语法运用（时态、词汇填空）|语法选择+语篇填空（结合太空探索情境），培养语篇分析思维|

Unit3 Space exploration 课时3 Grammar：综合复习III 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 知识模块 具体内容 被动语态 基本结构是：be + 过去分词 被动语态主要用来说明 “主语被……”。 主动语态强调动作执行者：The scientists built the telescope. 被动语态强调动作承受者：The telescope was built by scientists. 本单元三种主要时态 一般现在时被动 am / is / are + done 描述客观现状、设备功能 一般过去时被动 was / were + done 描述已经完成的发明、发射、建造 情态动词被动 can / may / must + be done 描述科学可能性、规定、设想 形容词比较级 1.A + be + 比较级 + than + B、A + be + 倍数 + as + 原级形容词 + as + B 2.比较级变化规则 3.修饰比较级的词 条件状语从句 核心规则：主将从现 结构：if + 一般现在时，主句用 will /can/may + 动词原形 表示：如果……，那么……。 本单元常用于表达科学假设、未来条件、火星探索可能性。 时态综合 ① 一般过去时被动 用途： 介绍已经完成的科学设备、航天器、望远镜。 1.The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990. 哈勃空间望远镜于 1990 年发射。 2.The FAST telescope was built in China. FAST 望远镜建于中国。 ② 一般现在时被动 用途： 描述设备的客观功能、科学事实。 1.Signals are sent back to the Earth. 信号被传回地球。 2.Pictures of distant stars are taken by powerful telescopes. 遥远恒星的照片被强大的望远镜拍摄下来。 ③ 情态动词被动 用途： 描述科学可能性、未来设想。 1.More secrets of the universe can be discovered in the future. 宇宙的更多秘密未来可能会被发现。 2.Human beings may be able to live on other planets one day. 人类也许有一天能够生活在其他星球上。 1．We should protect the environment ______ we can live a better life. A．so that B．even if C．as soon as D．as long as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该保护环境，以便我们能过上更好的生活。 so that“以便”，表示目的；even if“即使”，表示让步；as soon as“一……就……”，表示时间；as long as“只要”，表示条件。根据句意可知，前句“protect the environment”是手段，后句“live a better life.”是目的，前后为目的关系。结合语境，此处需填表示目的的连词。应填so that。 2．We choose to sit at the front of the classroom ________ we could see the words clearly. A．as soon as B．even though C．so that D．in order to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们选择坐在教室前面，以便我们能清楚地看到单词。 as soon as一……就（引导时间状语从句）；even though尽管（引导让步状语从句，表转折）；so that以便（引导目的状语从句）；in order to为了（后接动词原形，作目的状语）。根据句意坐在前面是为了看清单词，表目的；“we could see the words clearly”是一个完整的句子，用so that。 3．________ he is young, he knows a lot about history simply by reading books on his own. A．Though B．When C．Unless D．If 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管他年纪不大，但仅仅通过自己读书，他就懂很多历史知识。 Though虽然，尽管；When当……时候；Unless除非，如果不；If如果，是否。前半句“he is young”和后半句“he knows a lot about history”之间是转折/让步关系——“年纪小”和“懂很多知识”形成对比，需要一个表示“虽然/尽管”的连词来衔接，故填Though。 4．Wuxi Huishan clay figurines are ________ cute works of art ________ they are famous all over China. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无锡惠山泥人是如此可爱的艺术品，以至于它们在全中国都很出名。 such...that...和 so...that...均表示“如此……以至于……”，such修饰名词或名词短语，so修饰形容词或副词；too...to...和 enough...to...后接动词原形，不接从句。根据“...cute works of art...they are famous...”可知，空后是名词短语“cute works of art”，且后接that引导的从句，应用such...that...结构。 5．You won’t develop good saving habits ________ you cut down on unnecessary spending. A．unless B．since C．if D．although 【答案】A 【详解】句意：除非你减少不必要的开支，否则你不会养成良好的储蓄习惯。 unless除非；since自从，因为；if如果；although尽管。根据“You won’t develop good saving habits”和“you cut down on unnecessary spending”的逻辑关系，“减少不必要开支”是“养成储蓄习惯”的必要条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。 6．Your mother will be happier ________ you can help with the housework. A．unless B．if C．until D．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你能帮忙做家务，你妈妈会更高兴。 unless除非；if如果；until直到；since自从；既然。根据句意可知，从句you can help with the housework是主句Your mother will be happier发生的条件，应用if引导条件状语从句。 7．You won’t fully understand the value of a novel ________ you read it by yourself. A．since B．when C．unless D．although 【答案】C 【详解】句意：除非你自己亲自阅读，否则你不会完全理解一部小说的价值。 since自从，因为；when当……时候；unless除非；although虽然。“不亲自读”与“不理解价值”之间为条件关系，且表示“除非……否则不……”，应用unless引导条件状语从句。 8．The little boy ran ________ fast ________ he fell down and hurt his knee. A．too; that B．so; that C．such; that D．very; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小男孩跑得如此快，以至于他摔倒了，伤到了膝盖。 too太；so如此；such如此的；very非常。根据句子结构及句意可知，此处是so…that…句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，so后接形容词或副词，fast是副词，符合该句型结构，应填so; that。 9．Our teacher asks us to read the news every morning ________ we can learn about international events. A．even if B．unless C．so that D．since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师要求我们每天早上读新闻，以便我们可以了解国际事件。 even if即使；unless除非；so that以便；since自从。前句“读新闻”是手段，后句“了解国际事件”是目的。根据前后句的目的关系，应选择引导目的状语从句的连词，应填so that。 10．He didn’t go to bed ________ he finished his homework. A．if B．because C．until D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他直到做完作业才上床睡觉。 if如果；because因为；until直到；so所以。根据句型“not...until...”（直到……才……）以及句子逻辑可知，应填until。 11．If all businesses go paperless, at least one million tons of paper ________. A．will save B．is saved C．will be saved D．saves 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果所有企业都实现无纸化，至少可以节省100万吨纸张。 考查时态和语态。句子是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时；主语paper和谓语save之间是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选C。 12．To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year. A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了使环境更好，明年将种植更多的树。 考查一般将来时被动语态。主语more trees与动词plant之间被动关系，结合next year可知，此处用一般将来时被动语态will be done的结构，故选D。 13．With great efforts, the new bridge ________ next year. A．will complete B．completes C．will be completed D．completed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：经过努力，新桥将于明年建成。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。will complete“将要完成”，用于一般将来时；completes“完成”，用于一般现在时；will be completed“将要被完成”，用于一般将来时，表被动；completed“完成了”，用于一般过去时。根据next year“明年”，可知要用一般将来时，且主语bridge“桥”与动词complete“完成”之间为被动关系，故要用被动语态。故选C。 14．To change the bad weather in the desert, more trees ________ in three years. A．plant B．were planted C．will plant D．will be planted 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了改变沙漠中的恶劣天气，三年内将种植更多的树。 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“in three years”可知，句子应用一般将来时“will do”，表示未来三年将发生的事；“more trees”是动作“plant”的承受者，应用被动语态，故此处为一般将来时的被动语态“will be done”。故选D。 15．A high-tech ship ________ after the Mayflower that set sail from Plymouth in 1620. A．names B．was named C．named D．is named 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一艘高科技船以1620年从普利茅斯启航的五月花号命名的。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“in 1620”可知句子时态应用一般过去时，句子的主语A high-tech ship和谓语动词name之间存在被动关系，因此应用被动语态；一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语是单数，用was，name的过去分词是named，故选B。 16．The speech was very boring. Most of the listeners left before it was over. (改为复合句) The speech was ________ boring ________ most of the listeners left before it was over. 【答案】so that 【详解】句意：那场演讲非常无聊。大多数听众在结束前就离开了。原句前后两句存在明显的因果关系（因为无聊，所以离开）。合并句子时，可用“so... that...”结构引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。 17．The farmers stopped working in the fields when the sun set. (保持句意基本不变) The farmers ________ stop working in the fields ________ the sun set. 【答案】didn’t until 【详解】句意：太阳落山时，农民们停止了田里的劳作。原句“stopped…when…”同义转换为“not…until…”结构，原句为一般过去时，stop用动词原形，第一空填助动词didn’t，第二空填连词until。 18．The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it. (改为同义句) The box is _______ heavy _______ her to carry. 【答案】too for 【详解】句意：这个箱子太重了，她搬不动。原句“so...that...”（如此……以至于……）表否定含义时，可转换为“too...for sb. to do”（对某人来说太……而不能……）的固定结构，故填too；for。 19．If he doesn’t ask for help, he won’t be able to finish the job. He won’t be able to finish the job ________ he ________ for help. (保持句意不变) 【答案】unless asks 【详解】句意：如果他不求助，他就无法完成这项工作。原句中“If he doesn’t ask for help”表示“如果不……”，可用“unless”（除非）引导条件从句来转换；unless引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句需用一般现在时，主语he是第三人称单数，因此动词ask需变为第三人称单数形式asks。故填unless；asks。 20．Tom and Mary set out early in the morning in order to see the sunrise. (保持原句意思不变) Tom and Mary set out early in the morning ________ ________ they could see the sunrise. 【答案】so that 【详解】句意：汤姆和玛丽一大早就出发了，为的是去看日出。“in order to+动词短语”相当于“so that+从句”，两者都是表目的。故填so；that。 1．Henry has drawn five comic strips this year and two of them ________ months ago. A．published B．have published C．were published D．have been published 【答案】C 【详解】句意：亨利今年画了五部连环画，其中两部是几个月前出版的。 考查被动语态。根据“two of them ... months ago.”可知，连环画是被出版的，即“two of them”与“published”之间是被动关系，且时间状语是“months ago”，因此时态是一般过去时。故选C。 2．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023. A．was invited B．were invited C．has been invited D．have been invited 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这位著名的魔术师和他的助手被邀请在2023年的春节联欢晚会上表演。 考查动词时态辨析和主谓一致。根据“at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023”可知，时态应为过去时，且主语为“The famous magician”第三人称单数，此处遵循“就远原则”，且为被邀请，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故用was invented。故选A。 3．Look! Different paintings ________ on the walls for everyone to enjoy. A．show B．were shown C．are shown D．have shown 【答案】C 【详解】句意：看！墙上展示着不同的画作，供大家欣赏。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 4．In English class, more chances ________ to students to learn from each other in groups. A．offer B．will offer C．are offering D．are offered 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在英语课上，学生们有更多的机会在小组中相互学习。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“more chances”可知，句子主语与谓语动词offer是动宾关系，因此用被动语态，故选D。 5．Billy as well as his friends ________ very hard and ________ a prize every year. A．studies; is awarded B．study; are awarded C．studies; awards D．study; award 【答案】A 【详解】句意：比利和他的朋友们学习都很努力，每年都会获奖。 考查一般现在时和一般现在时的被动语态。主语+with/along with/together with/as well as等+主语这种结构中，谓语动词的形式取决于前面主语的形式，不受后面的限制。所以本题的主语是Billy，而且他与授予奖励是被动关系。故选A。 6．Nobody but doctors or nurses and those ________by Dr. Li ________to enter the patient’s room. A．being invited; allowed B．are invited; are allowed C．invited; is allowed D．invited; are allowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：除了医生，护士和那些被李医生邀请的人，没有人可以进入那个病人的房间。 考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知but表示“除了”，句子主语是but前面的内容，即就远原则。故主语是nobody。第一空作后置定语修饰those，invite和those之间是被动关系，故应用过去分词修饰。排除A和B项；主语是nobody，谓语动词应用单数，故第二空被动语态用is allowed。故选C。 7．The national flag ________ in our school before morning exercise every day. A．rises B．is raised C．is risen D．raises 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们学校每天晨练前升国旗。 考查一般现在时被动语态。raise升起，及物动词；rise升起，不及物动词。主语flag与动词是被动关系，不及物动词没有被动语态，故排除ACD，故选B。 8．Please make sure all the mobile phones ________ off during the performance. A．turn B．are turned C．turned D．were turned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：演出期间请务必关掉所有手机。、 考查被动语态。句子主语mobile phones与动词之间是被动关系，应用被动结构，结合语境，此处是陈述一般情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，故选B。 9．Cormorant's large feet ________ them quickly through the water. A．are used to push B．used to push C．are used to pushing D．used to pushing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：鸬鹚的大脚是用来推动它们快速划水。 考查被动语态。be used to do sth被用来做某事；used to do sth过去常常做某事；be used to doing sth习惯做某事。主语“Cormorant's large feet”与动词“use”之间是被动关系，脚被用来推动它们快速划水，所以用被动语态be done的结构，故选A。 10．—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I________, I will go on time. A．invite B．will invite C．am invited D．will be invited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——下星期天你会去丽莎的乔迁派对吗？——嗯，如果我被邀请，我会准时去的。 考查被动语态。invite邀请，动词原形；will invite动词一般将来形式；am invited一般现在时的被动语态；will be invited一般将来时的被动语态。根据空前主语I与选项动词invite，结合语境可知，主语I和选项动词invite之间是被动关系，表示“被邀请”，因此用被动语态；if引导的条件状语从句，遵循主将从现的原则，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时，因此从句用一般现在时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are done，主语是I，所以此处用am invited。故选C。 11．With more high-speed railways, traveling around China is becoming ________ than before. A．easier B．the easiest C．slower D．the slowest 【答案】A 【详解】句意：随着更多高铁的出现，在中国旅行变得比以前更容易了。 easier更容易；the easiest最容易；slower更慢；the slowest最慢。根据句中关键词“than”可知，此处应用形容词比较级，排除B、D选项；结合语境“With more high-speed railways”，高铁的发展使旅行更便捷，排除C选项。应填easier。 12．Our city is much ________ than it was ten years ago. There are more tall buildings now. A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．most beautiful D．the most beautiful 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的城市比十年前漂亮得多，现在有更多的高楼。 句中出现标志词than，要用形容词的比较级；beautiful为多音节形容词，它的比较级形式是more beautiful。much用来修饰比较级，表示“……得多”。 13．The population of this city is ________ as that of ten years ago. A．almost as twice large B．almost twice as large C．as almost twice large D．twice almost as large 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这座城市的人口几乎是十年前的两倍大。 倍数表达中，倍数应放在as...as结构之前，副词almost修饰倍数需置于倍数之前，结构为“almost+倍数+as+形容词原级+as”，正确语序为almost twice as large。故选B。 14．The new stadium can hold ________ people as the old one. A．as twice many B．twice as many C．as many twice D．many as twice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：新体育场能容纳的人数是旧体育场的两倍。 英语中表示“是……的几倍”常用结构为“倍数 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”。此处修饰可数名词people，应用many，且倍数twice应放在第一个as之前，构成twice as many ... as结构。 15．The school library ________ from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays. A．is open B．opens C．is opened D．will open 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学校图书馆在工作日从早上8点到下午6点是开放的。 根据时间状语“from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m.”可知，此处表示图书馆在这一段时间内处于“开放”的状态，而不是开门的瞬间动作，应用系表结构be open。故选A。 16．Respect the rules, and traffic can flow safely and smoothly. (保持句意基本不变) ________ ________ respect the rules, traffic can flow safely and smoothly. 【答案】If we 【详解】句意：遵守规则，交通就能安全、顺畅地通行。原句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”的结构，表示条件和结果的关系，可以转换为if引导的条件状语从句，将祈使句“Respect the rules”改为陈述形式“we respect the rules”，前面加if构成条件状语从句，if位于句首，首字母要大写。故填If；we。 17．Listen to the teacher carefully, or you won’t understand the lesson. (保持句意基本不变) ________ you ________ to the teacher carefully, you won’t understand the lesson. 【答案】Unless listen 【详解】句意：认真听老师讲课，否则你会听不懂课。保持句意基本不变，表达可以为：除非你认真听老师讲课，否则你会听不懂。Unless“除非”，用来引导条件状语从句，符合“主将从现”的时态规则；从句主语为you，谓语动词listen用原形即可。故填Unless；listen。 18．The detective closely studied all the items from the crime scene. (改为被动语态) All the items from the crime scene ________ closely ________ by the detective. 【答案】were studied 【详解】句意：侦探仔细研究了犯罪现场的所有物品。主动语态变被动语态的规则：将主动句的宾语All the items from the crime scene变为被动句的主语；原句时态为一般过去时，被动语态结构为was/were+过去分词；主语是复数，因此用were；原句动词studied的过去分词仍为studied；主动句的主语the detective变为by the detective，置于句末。故填were；studied。 19．We recommend passengers to book their flights early. (改为被动语态) Passengers ________ ________ to book their flights early. 【答案】are recommended 【详解】句意：我们建议乘客尽早预订航班。原句为一般现在时，改为被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语“Passengers”是复数，be动词用are，“recommend”的过去分词是“recommended”。 20．Someone will tell you to stand up when the judge enters the room. (改为被动语态) You will ________ ________ to stand up when the judge enters the room. 【答案】be told 【详解】句意：当法官进入房间时，有人会告诉您站起来。主语的时态是一般将来时，改为被动语态应该是一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为：will be done；被动语态的主语是you，动词tell的过去分词是told。故填be；told。 语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Now there are eight 1 in the solar system and Pluto is not included (包括) in it. By the distance 2 the Sun, Pluto is the furthest planet. It 3 to be known as the smallest planet in our solar system. Pluto 4 in 1930, and was named by an eleven-year-old girl from England. Pluto is only half as 5 as the United States. This planet takes 248 earth years 6 around the sun. It means we need 6. 5 earth days 7 a day on Pluto. The temperature on Pluto is 8 low that Earth air would turn into ice soon. Pluto is in an area of space called the Kuiper Belt—which has thousands of small, 9 objects. The gravity on Pluto is less strong than that on Earth. So fat persons may 10 to move there, they would weigh much less on Pluto. 1．A．planets’ B．planet C．planets 2．A．to B．from C．on 3．A．use B．used C．was used 4．A．is discovered B．was discovered C．will be discovered 5．A．wide B．wider C．widest 6．A．travel B．traveling C．to travel 7．A．to spend B．spends C．spent 8．A．so B．such C．much 9．A．icy B．ice C．ices 10．A．prefer B．prefers C．preferred 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了冥王星。 【详解】1．句意：现在太阳系有八颗行星，冥王星不包括在内。 planets’复数名词所有格；planet单数名词；planets复数名词。eight后复数名词。故选C。 2．句意：从距离太阳的角度来看，冥王星是距离太阳最远的行星。 to到；from从；on在。根据“By the distance ... the Sun, Pluto is the furthest planet.”可知，此处指从太阳到冥王星的距离。故选B。 3．句意：它曾经被认为是太阳系中最小的行星。 use一般现在时；used一般过去时；was used一般过去时的被动语态。used to“曾经”，固定短语，符合语境。故选B。 4．句意：冥王星于1930年被发现，并由一位11岁的英国女孩命名。 is discovered一般现在时的被动语态；was discovered一般过去时的被动语态；will be discovered一般将来时的被动语态。根据“in 1930”可知时态是一般过去时。故选B。 5．句意：冥王星的宽度只有美国的一半。 wide原级；wider比较级；widest最高级。as...as“和……一样”，此处用形容词或副词的原级。故选A。 6．句意：这颗行星绕太阳一周需要248个地球年。 travel动词原形；travelling动名词；to travel动词不定式。“物+take+时间+to do”表示“花费一段时间做某事”。故选C。 7．句意：这意味着我们需要6.5个地球日在冥王星上待一天。 to spend动词不定式；spends动词第三人称单数形式；spent过去式。need sth to do“需要某物来做某事”。故选A。 8．句意：冥王星的温度很低，地球上的空气很快就会变成冰。 so如此，后加形容词或副词；such如此，后加名词短语；much许多，后加不可数名词。so+形容词或副词+that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。故选A。 9．句意：冥王星位于一个被称为柯伊伯带的空间区域，那里有成千上万个小而冰冷的物体。 icy冰冷的，形容词；ice冰，单数名词、不可数名词；ices复数形式。此处应用形容词修饰名词objects。故选A。 10．句意：所以肥胖的人可能更喜欢搬到那里去，他们在冥王星上的体重会轻得多。 prefer动词原形；prefers动词第三人称单数形式；preferred动词过去式。情态动词may后加动词原形。故选A。 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s Space Oven: Hot Meals in Space! China’s Tiangong Space Station has recently introduced a cool new tool —a special space oven! Astronauts on the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 missions became the first to use it in outer space. Now they can enjoy hot, freshly cooked food hundreds of kilometers 1 the Earth. In the past, space food was 2 (most) pre-made. Astronauts just heated it up or ate it straight from the package. The taste and choices were very limited. But with this new oven, things 3 (change)! The menu in space is now much 4 (rich) and more enjoyable. Members of the team have successfully cooked popular dishes like Orleans chicken wings and black pepper beef. Footage (连续镜头) from the station shows astronauts carefully placing the wings into the special oven. After exactly 28 minutes, the wings came out soft and delicious, and everyone on board 5 (give) them warm praise. Yet cooking in space 6 (bring) special difficulties that do not exist on the Earth. Liu Weibo, an expert in space life support systems, pointed out that smoke and oil produced during baking are major concerns, as they can pollute the air inside the station. To solve this problem, the oven 7 (fit) with advanced technology to clean the air and collect extra oil. It is also strong and dependable, designed to work safely for at least 500 uses to support long-term space tasks. This oven is only one part of China’s efforts 8 (create) better living conditions in space. Today, the space station provides more than 190 kinds of food, with the menu changing every 10 days to keep meals balanced and healthy. In addition, astronauts have managed to grow fresh vegetables such as lettuce and cherry tomatoes in the 9 (station) small “space garden”, making their diet even healthier. “Spending months in a small, enclosed space can be challenging,” Liu added. “Tasty, warm food doesn’t just fill astronauts’ 10 (stomach)—it also calms their minds and improves their mood.” No matter how far away from Earth, a delicious hot meal remains one of the simplest and greatest comforts in space. 【答案】1．from 2．mostly 3．have changed 4．richer 5．gave 6．brings 7．is fitted 8．to create 9．station’s 10．stomachs 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国天宫空间站的新型太空烤箱，它让宇航员能吃上热食，还能改善其饮食与心理状态。 【详解】1．句意：现在，它们可以在距离地球数百公里的地方享用新鲜烹制的热食。空后为the Earth“地球”，前面是距离hundreds of kilometers“数百公里”，表示“距离某地……远”，用介词from“离；从”。 2．句意：在过去，太空食品大多是预制的。宇航员只是将其加热或直接从包装中取出食用。most“大多数的”，此处用其副词形式mostly“通常；主要地”修饰整个句子。 3．句意：但有了这款新型烤箱，一切都变了！上文描述过去的事情，此处表示现在的变化结果，用现在完成时“have/has+过去分词”，主语things为复数，助动词用have，change“改变”的过去分词为changed。 4．句意：太空中的菜单现在更加丰富和更合胃口。rich“丰富的”，much修饰形容词比较级，rich的比较级为richer，和more enjoyable并列。 5．句意：整整28分钟后，鸡翅变得软糯美味，在轨的每位航天员都对此赞不绝口。根据“the wings came out soft and delicious”可知，时态为一般过去时，此处用give“给”的过去式gave。 6．句意：然而，在太空烹饪带来了地球上没有的特殊困难。bring“带来”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，动名词cooking作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式brings。 7．句意：为了解决这个问题，烤箱配备了先进的技术来清洁空气和收集多余的油。fit“安置，安装”，描述客观事实，用一般现在时；“烤箱”是“被装配技术”，用一般现在时的被动语态“is/am/are+过去分词”，主语the oven为第三人称单数，be动词用is，fit的过去分词为fitted。 8．句意：这个烤箱只是中国为改善太空生活条件所做努力的一部分。create“创造”，此处用其不定式形式to create作后置定语，efforts to do sth“做某事的努力”。 9．句意：此外，宇航员还设法在空间站的小“太空花园”里种植了生菜和樱桃番茄等新鲜蔬菜，使他们的饮食更加健康。station“空间站”，此处修饰名词短语“space garden”，用名词所有格station’s。 10．句意：美味、温暖的食物不仅能填饱宇航员的胃，还能让他们平静下来，改善心情。astronauts是复数，所修饰的名词stomach“胃”也用复数stomachs。 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3 Space exploration 课时3 Grammar：综合复习III 分层作业 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 知识模块 具体内容 被动语态 基本结构是：be + 过去分词 被动语态主要用来说明 “主语被……”。 主动语态强调动作执行者：The scientists built the telescope. 被动语态强调动作承受者：The telescope was built by scientists. 本单元三种主要时态 一般现在时被动 am / is / are + done 描述客观现状、设备功能 一般过去时被动 was / were + done 描述已经完成的发明、发射、建造 情态动词被动 can / may / must + be done 描述科学可能性、规定、设想 形容词比较级 1.A + be + 比较级 + than + B、A + be + 倍数 + as + 原级形容词 + as + B 2.比较级变化规则 3.修饰比较级的词 条件状语从句 核心规则：主将从现 结构：if + 一般现在时，主句用 will /can/may + 动词原形 表示：如果……，那么……。 本单元常用于表达科学假设、未来条件、火星探索可能性。 时态综合 ① 一般过去时被动 用途： 介绍已经完成的科学设备、航天器、望远镜。 1.The Hubble Space Telescope was launched in 1990. 哈勃空间望远镜于 1990 年发射。 2.The FAST telescope was built in China. FAST 望远镜建于中国。 ② 一般现在时被动 用途： 描述设备的客观功能、科学事实。 1.Signals are sent back to the Earth. 信号被传回地球。 2.Pictures of distant stars are taken by powerful telescopes. 遥远恒星的照片被强大的望远镜拍摄下来。 ③ 情态动词被动 用途： 描述科学可能性、未来设想。 1.More secrets of the universe can be discovered in the future. 宇宙的更多秘密未来可能会被发现。 2.Human beings may be able to live on other planets one day. 人类也许有一天能够生活在其他星球上。 1．We should protect the environment ______ we can live a better life. A．so that B．even if C．as soon as D．as long as 2．We choose to sit at the front of the classroom ________ we could see the words clearly. A．as soon as B．even though C．so that D．in order to 3．________ he is young, he knows a lot about history simply by reading books on his own. A．Though B．When C．Unless D．If 4．Wuxi Huishan clay figurines are ________ cute works of art ________ they are famous all over China. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 5．You won’t develop good saving habits ________ you cut down on unnecessary spending. A．unless B．since C．if D．although 6．Your mother will be happier ________ you can help with the housework. A．unless B．if C．until D．since 7．You won’t fully understand the value of a novel ________ you read it by yourself. A．since B．when C．unless D．although 8．The little boy ran ________ fast ________ he fell down and hurt his knee. A．too; that B．so; that C．such; that D．very; that 9．Our teacher asks us to read the news every morning ________ we can learn about international events. A．even if B．unless C．so that D．since 10．He didn’t go to bed ________ he finished his homework. A．if B．because C．until D．so 11．If all businesses go paperless, at least one million tons of paper ________. A．will save B．is saved C．will be saved D．saves 12．To make the environment much better, more trees ________ next year. A．plant B．will plant C．are planted D．will be planted 13．With great efforts, the new bridge ________ next year. A．will complete B．completes C．will be completed D．completed 14．To change the bad weather in the desert, more trees ________ in three years. A．plant B．were planted C．will plant D．will be planted 15．A high-tech ship ________ after the Mayflower that set sail from Plymouth in 1620. A．names B．was named C．named D．is named 16．The speech was very boring. Most of the listeners left before it was over. (改为复合句) The speech was ________ boring ________ most of the listeners left before it was over. 17．The farmers stopped working in the fields when the sun set. (保持句意基本不变) The farmers ________ stop working in the fields ________ the sun set. 18．The box is so heavy that she can’t carry it. (改为同义句) The box is _______ heavy _______ her to carry. 19．If he doesn’t ask for help, he won’t be able to finish the job. He won’t be able to finish the job ________ he ________ for help. (保持句意不变) 20．Tom and Mary set out early in the morning in order to see the sunrise. (保持原句意思不变) Tom and Mary set out early in the morning ________ ________ they could see the sunrise. 1．Henry has drawn five comic strips this year and two of them ________ months ago. A．published B．have published C．were published D．have been published 2．The famous magician, as well as his assistants, ________ to perform at the Spring Festival Gala in 2023. A．was invited B．were invited C．has been invited D．have been invited 3．Look! Different paintings ________ on the walls for everyone to enjoy. A．show B．were shown C．are shown D．have shown 4．In English class, more chances ________ to students to learn from each other in groups. A．offer B．will offer C．are offering D．are offered 5．Billy as well as his friends ________ very hard and ________ a prize every year. A．studies; is awarded B．study; are awarded C．studies; awards D．study; award 6．Nobody but doctors or nurses and those ________by Dr. Li ________to enter the patient’s room. A．being invited; allowed B．are invited; are allowed C．invited; is allowed D．invited; are allowed 7．The national flag ________ in our school before morning exercise every day. A．rises B．is raised C．is risen D．raises 8．Please make sure all the mobile phones ________ off during the performance. A．turn B．are turned C．turned D．were turned 9．Cormorant's large feet ________ them quickly through the water. A．are used to push B．used to push C．are used to pushing D．used to pushing 10．—Will you go to Lisa's housewarming party next Sunday? —Well, if I________, I will go on time. A．invite B．will invite C．am invited D．will be invited 11．With more high-speed railways, traveling around China is becoming ________ than before. A．easier B．the easiest C．slower D．the slowest 12．Our city is much ________ than it was ten years ago. There are more tall buildings now. A．beautiful B．more beautiful C．most beautiful D．the most beautiful 13．The population of this city is ________ as that of ten years ago. A．almost as twice large B．almost twice as large C．as almost twice large D．twice almost as large 14．The new stadium can hold ________ people as the old one. A．as twice many B．twice as many C．as many twice D．many as twice 15．The school library ________ from 8 a.m. to 6 p.m. on weekdays. A．is open B．opens C．is opened D．will open 16．Respect the rules, and traffic can flow safely and smoothly. (保持句意基本不变) ________ ________ respect the rules, traffic can flow safely and smoothly. 17．Listen to the teacher carefully, or you won’t understand the lesson. (保持句意基本不变) ________ you ________ to the teacher carefully, you won’t understand the lesson. 18．The detective closely studied all the items from the crime scene. (改为被动语态) All the items from the crime scene ________ closely ________ by the detective. 19．We recommend passengers to book their flights early. (改为被动语态) Passengers ________ ________ to book their flights early. 20．Someone will tell you to stand up when the judge enters the room. (改为被动语态) You will ________ ________ to stand up when the judge enters the room. 语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案。 Now there are eight 1 in the solar system and Pluto is not included (包括) in it. By the distance 2 the Sun, Pluto is the furthest planet. It 3 to be known as the smallest planet in our solar system. Pluto 4 in 1930, and was named by an eleven-year-old girl from England. Pluto is only half as 5 as the United States. This planet takes 248 earth years 6 around the sun. It means we need 6. 5 earth days 7 a day on Pluto. The temperature on Pluto is 8 low that Earth air would turn into ice soon. Pluto is in an area of space called the Kuiper Belt—which has thousands of small, 9 objects. The gravity on Pluto is less strong than that on Earth. So fat persons may 10 to move there, they would weigh much less on Pluto. 1．A．planets’ B．planet C．planets 2．A．to B．from C．on 3．A．use B．used C．was used 4．A．is discovered B．was discovered C．will be discovered 5．A．wide B．wider C．widest 6．A．travel B．traveling C．to travel 7．A．to spend B．spends C．spent 8．A．so B．such C．much 9．A．icy B．ice C．ices 10．A．prefer B．prefers C．preferred 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 China’s Space Oven: Hot Meals in Space! China’s Tiangong Space Station has recently introduced a cool new tool —a special space oven! Astronauts on the Shenzhou-20 and Shenzhou-21 missions became the first to use it in outer space. Now they can enjoy hot, freshly cooked food hundreds of kilometers 1 the Earth. In the past, space food was 2 (most) pre-made. Astronauts just heated it up or ate it straight from the package. The taste and choices were very limited. But with this new oven, things 3 (change)! The menu in space is now much 4 (rich) and more enjoyable. Members of the team have successfully cooked popular dishes like Orleans chicken wings and black pepper beef. Footage (连续镜头) from the station shows astronauts carefully placing the wings into the special oven. After exactly 28 minutes, the wings came out soft and delicious, and everyone on board 5 (give) them warm praise. Yet cooking in space 6 (bring) special difficulties that do not exist on the Earth. Liu Weibo, an expert in space life support systems, pointed out that smoke and oil produced during baking are major concerns, as they can pollute the air inside the station. To solve this problem, the oven 7 (fit) with advanced technology to clean the air and collect extra oil. It is also strong and dependable, designed to work safely for at least 500 uses to support long-term space tasks. This oven is only one part of China’s efforts 8 (create) better living conditions in space. Today, the space station provides more than 190 kinds of food, with the menu changing every 10 days to keep meals balanced and healthy. In addition, astronauts have managed to grow fresh vegetables such as lettuce and cherry tomatoes in the 9 (station) small “space garden”, making their diet even healthier. “Spending months in a small, enclosed space can be challenging,” Liu added. “Tasty, warm food doesn’t just fill astronauts’ 10 (stomach)—it also calms their minds and improves their mood.” No matter how far away from Earth, a delicious hot meal remains one of the simplest and greatest comforts in space. ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $