Unit 3 课时4 Writing & Discovery & Project（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

**基本信息** 该同步练习以“基础巩固-能力提升-综合应用-项目实践”为分层路径，通过词汇速记、翻译、阅读、写作及项目制作，系统强化太空探索主题语言能力，适配新授课分层教学需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |核心知识速记|太空探索核心词汇、短语|罗列基础词汇短语，夯实语言基础| |基础达标|句型翻译、长难句剖析|聚焦单句应用，强化语法结构理解| |能力提升|多题材阅读（航天事实、科技进展等）|从事实理解到推理判断，提升语篇能力| |拓展培优|演讲稿、征文、书信写作|结合真实情境，培养语言输出与思维表达| |思维进阶|太空百科手册项目|小组协作完成资料搜集、可视化排版，发展综合学习能力|

Unit3 Space exploration 课时4 Writing&Discovery Project（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、核心词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 explore space 探索太空 space project 太空项目 billion 十亿 mankind 人类 development 发展 benefit 益处；有益于 energy sources 能源 space technology 太空技术 solar cells 太阳能电池 invention 发明 pioneer 先驱 aerospace 航天航空 engineer 工程师 research scientist 科研科学家 achievement 成就 missile 导弹 found 创立 cosmonaut 宇航员 spacecraft 宇宙飞船 orbit 沿轨道运行 historic 具有历史意义的 launch 发射 photograph 照片；拍照 valuable 有价值的 historical significance 历史意义 scientific insights 科学见解 二、核心短语 a waste of money 浪费金钱 billions on … 在…… 投入数十亿 be of great importance 十分重要 mankind’s future development 人类未来发展 a step towards 迈向…… 的一步 over time 随着时间推移 develop new energy sources 开发新能源 human beings 人类 in addition 此外 bring great changes to 给…… 带来巨大改变 be of great value 极具价值 lead the development of 引领…… 的研发 raise the curtain on 拉开…… 的序幕 be known as 作为…… 而出名 open the way for 为…… 开辟道路 一、翻译练习 1. 世界各国都在各类太空项目上投入巨额资金。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 一部分人认为太空探索是浪费钱财，但我并不认同这个观点。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 太空探索对于人类未来的发展有着十分重大的意义。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 太空探索是迈向更美好未来的重要一步。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 随着时间流逝，太空探索带来的各类好处还会持续增多。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 太空探索不光帮助我们开发新能源，还可能为人类找到新的家园。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 除此以外，太空技术已经融入生活，给普通人的生活带来巨大改变。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 不少日常用品最初都源自太空相关发明，太阳能电池就是其中一例。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 总而言之，太空探索能带给我们诸多好处，具备极高的价值。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 钱学森是我国工程师与科研科学家，被称作“中国航天之父”。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 他主导东风导弹系列的研发，培养出第一代中国航天工程师。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 1956年创立的研究所，正式拉开了中国太空探索事业的序幕。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 加加林来自前苏联，是历史上第一位进入太空的宇航员。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 这次具有历史意义的飞行，为全人类的太空探索开辟了道路。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 捷列什科娃拍摄的太空照片，兼具历史意义与当时的科学研究价值。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、长难句剖析 例句1 I believe exploring space is of great importance for mankind’s future development. 例句2 Space exploration helps develop new energy sources, it even helps us in finding new homes for human beings. 例句3 He was director of China’s first Rocket and Missile Research Institute, which was founded in 1956 and raised the curtain on the country’s space exploration. 例句4 He journeyed where nobody had been before and returned safely to Earth. This historic event opened the way for space exploration for the benefit of mankind. 例句5 These photos would be valuable for both their historical significance and any scientific insights at the time. Passage 1 When we talk about space, we think of the moon, the stars and the planets. Space is a big place and it is very cold. There is no air or water in space, so nothing can live there without special equipment. Astronauts are the people who go to space. They wear special spacesuits to keep warm and breathe. They also take food and water with them. The food is usually in the form of powder and they mix it with water to eat. The first person to go to space was Yuri Gagarin from Russia in 1961. He flew around the earth once. In 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first people to walk on the moon. They left their footprints there and the footprints will stay for a long time because there is no wind or rain on the moon. Now, many countries are working together to explore space. We have sent many satellites into space. Satellites help us with weather forecasting, communication and finding our way with GPS. In the future, people may even live on other planets like Mars. 1．What can we find in space? A．Air and water. B．Planets and stars. C．Animals and plants. D．Air and stars 2．What do astronauts wear in space? A．Special clothes. B．Casual clothes. C．Sports clothes. D．Party clothes 3．When did the first person go to space? A．In 1961. B．In 1969. C．In 1970. D．In 1979. 4．Why will the footprints on the moon stay for a long time? A．Because the moon is very big. B．Because there is no wind or rain. C．Because the footprints are very deep. D．Because the moon is very special. 5．What do satellites help us with? A．Weather forecasting. B．Growing food. C．Making clothes. D．Making friends. Passage 2 Chinese astronauts now have a new spacesuit for going to the moon! People saw the spacesuit for the first time on Sept. 28, 2024. This is part of China’s plan to fly astronauts to the moon by 2030. The spacesuit is made using many cool technologies. ①Material On the moon, it can be very cold or very hot. There is also a lot of dust (灰尘). To protect the astronauts, scientists made the spacesuit with a special material. ③Cameras There are cameras on both sides of the helmet. They can take videos of things close up and far away. ②Control panel (控制台) There is a control panel on the front of the spacesuit. It can do many things and is very easy to use. ④Visor (头盔面窗) The helmet has a special visor. It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. It also helps them see everything around them clearly. ⑤Joints (关节) The joints of the spacesuit can bend (弯曲) easily. Astronauts can move their arms and legs easily in space. 1．When does China plan to send astronauts to the moon? A．By 2024. B．Before 2024. C．By 2030. D．After 2030. 2．What is the climate like on the moon? A．It’s hot all year long. B．It’s very cold or very hot. C．It’s cold all year long. D．It’s not very cold or very hot. 3．Where are the cameras? A．On the front of the helmet. B．On both sides of the helmet. C．On the front of the spacesuit. D．On both of the arms and legs. 4．What is the visor used for? A．Taking videos of things on the moon. B．Helping astronauts to use the control panel. C．Helping astronauts move their arms and legs easily. D．Preventing the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. 5．In which section of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Science Study. B．Sports News. C．School Time. D．Your voice. Passage 3 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kuafu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kuafu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kuafu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories                            ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people                  ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do we know about Chang’e-1 according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. Passage 4 So far, humans have landed on the moon for six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for long in the future, there will be a need for a source (来源) of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil (土壤) used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). Researchers from China tested five kinds of bacteria. They found during a period of 10 to 21 days, three of them doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots (茎和根) after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific study. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a good possible pick-me-up. 1．Chinese researches are taking steps towards ________. ①growing plants in sun soil     ②making moon farming possible ③growing plants on the moon     ④bringing food to the moon A．①③ B．②③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do you know about Earth bacteria? A．It is necessary for the growth of plants on the earth. B．It causes plants to have more chlorophyll. C．It makes the stems and roots of plants shorter. D．It needs 24 days to double the weight of leaves. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 3? A．By giving an example. B．By using sayings. C．By comparing facts. D．By setting a question. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? （①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2,…） A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To show how Chinese researchers invented Earth bacteria. B．To explain why plants can be grown on moon soil. C．To introduce tests about making moon soil used for moon farming. D．To make a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030. 1．近年来，我国航天业的飞速发展，让我们对未来的探索和发展充满了期待和信心。假如你校将举办一场主题为“My Space Dream”的英语演讲比赛，请根据下列提示写一篇演讲稿，简单阐述近年来我国航天事业的发展情况并谈谈你为实现航天梦将做何准备。 提示： (1) What do you think of our space industry? (2) What do you think of flying to the moon? (3) What are you going to do? Why? 注意： (1)短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥； (2)短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名； (3)词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：take exercise, get knowledge Good morning, everyone. I’m glad to stand here to give a speech. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for listening! 2．我国航天员在中国空间站开讲的“天宫课堂”，为广大青少年带来了一场场精彩的太空科普课。为了激发中学生对太空探索的兴趣，某英语报正在举办主题为“Space travel in the future”的征文活动。作为一名太空迷，请你根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的短文投稿，介绍你想象中的太空之旅。 提示：1. How will you go to space? 2. What will you do in space? 3. What do you think of space travel? 要求：1. 包含提示内容，可适当发挥; 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 As a space fan, I’m very interested in space and I’ve always wanted to travel into space. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假如你是李华，你校开展了主题为“学习航天精神，承载民族复兴”的校园航天日活动，请你根据以下要点，用英语给你的笔友John写封信，分享此次活动的过程和感受。 内容包括： 时间 3月24日 地点 学校礼堂 具体活动 1．试穿太空服; 2．观看有关天宫课程的视频; 3．制作火箭模型; 4……(至少补充两点) 感受 …… 写作要求：1．通知内容必须包括所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 2．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名; 3．词数80左右。(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。) 参考词汇：school hall学校礼堂， spacesuit太空服， rocket model火箭模型， Tiangong Class天宫课程 Dear John, How’s everything going? Our School Space Day was a great success. Let me tell you something about it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Does your school have such activities? If so, please tell me. Yours, Li Hua   本单元主题写作 Project：《Make a spaceopedia on space exploration》主题项目 项目目标 1. 熟练运用太空探索类核心词汇（spacecraft, astronaut, mission, space exploration等），掌握说明文表达，能够介绍宇宙、航天工程、航天任务、科学家等相关信息。 2. 掌握太空百科手册制作完整流程：规划内容→搜集资料→可视化信息排版→完成手册成品；学会使用时间线timeline、流程图flow‑chart、思维导图mind‑map整理信息，提升信息梳理与英语书面表达能力。 3. 小组分工协作完成自制太空百科手册spaceopedia，能够小组间展示交流，投票选出最佳作品。 项目对象 九年级学生 项目时长 1课时（45分钟） 项目准备 1. 学生：课前简单浏览太空探索相关常识，草稿记录感兴趣的航天知识点。 2. 教师：空白手册装订纸、课本范例投影、白板、彩色马克笔；可提供航天简笔画素材参考。 项目步骤 Step1 Plan 规划内容，分配组员任务（7分钟） 小组讨论，确定自制太空百科至少2个编写板块，同时明确每位组员分工职责。 可选编写参考方向： - Space and the universe 太空与宇宙 - Space programmes in different countries 各国航天项目 - Timeline of human space exploration 人类太空探索时间线 - The development of spacecrafts 航天器的发展 - Space science / scientists 太空科学与航天科学家 任务要求：小组敲定至少2个主题板块，落实每个人负责搜集、书写、绘图的任务。 Step2 Collect 搜集资料素材（12分钟） 1. 小组围绕选定板块搜集需要写入spaceopedia的英文信息。 2. 教师巡视指导：补充航天主题词汇，修正语法拼写，提醒筛选简洁适合九年级水平的英文素材。 3. 小组整理摘抄关键信息，为后续可视化排版做准备。 Step3 Design 可视化信息排版（14分钟） 1. 运用不同可视化工具整理信息：timeline时间线、flow‑chart流程图、mind‑map思维导图、表格等。 2. 参考课本表格范例（Year / Spacecraft / Astronaut / Mission/Accomplishment）梳理航天事件。 3. 排版要求： ① 时间线、表格做到条目清晰； ② 用不同颜色区分不同知识板块； ③ 圈画2个单元重点短语做标记。 Step4 Make 完成完整spaceopedia手册 + 班级互评（12分钟） 1. 组内共享全部搜集整理好的信息，组装完整手册。 手册必备组成部分： - a book cover 手册封面 - a contents page 目录页 - texts with informative images 正文文字+配套示意插图 2. 各小组互相展示成品spaceopedia。全班投票，选出最佳太空百科手册。 评价维度 评分标准 内容完整 不少于2个主题板块，航天信息准确，覆盖关键知识点，内容贴合单元主题 语言准确 单词、语法无误，熟练使用太空探索相关词汇，说明文语句通顺 信息设计 合理使用时间线/表格/思维导图等可视化形式，信息条理清晰 手册成品 包含封面、目录、正文插图，板块分区清楚，排版整洁美观 $Unit3 Space exploration 课时4 Writing&Discovery Project（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、核心词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 explore space 探索太空 space project 太空项目 billion 十亿 mankind 人类 development 发展 benefit 益处；有益于 energy sources 能源 space technology 太空技术 solar cells 太阳能电池 invention 发明 pioneer 先驱 aerospace 航天航空 engineer 工程师 research scientist 科研科学家 achievement 成就 missile 导弹 found 创立 cosmonaut 宇航员 spacecraft 宇宙飞船 orbit 沿轨道运行 historic 具有历史意义的 launch 发射 photograph 照片；拍照 valuable 有价值的 historical significance 历史意义 scientific insights 科学见解 二、核心短语 a waste of money 浪费金钱 billions on … 在…… 投入数十亿 be of great importance 十分重要 mankind’s future development 人类未来发展 a step towards 迈向…… 的一步 over time 随着时间推移 develop new energy sources 开发新能源 human beings 人类 in addition 此外 bring great changes to 给…… 带来巨大改变 be of great value 极具价值 lead the development of 引领…… 的研发 raise the curtain on 拉开…… 的序幕 be known as 作为…… 而出名 open the way for 为…… 开辟道路 一、翻译练习 1. 世界各国都在各类太空项目上投入巨额资金。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Countries all over the world spend billions on different space projects. 2. 一部分人认为太空探索是浪费钱财，但我并不认同这个观点。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Some people think space exploration is a waste of money, but I do not agree with them. 3. 太空探索对于人类未来的发展有着十分重大的意义。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Exploring space is of great importance for the future development of mankind. 4. 太空探索是迈向更美好未来的重要一步。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Space exploration is an important step towards a better future. 5. 随着时间流逝，太空探索带来的各类好处还会持续增多。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The advantages brought by space exploration will keep growing over time. 6. 太空探索不光帮助我们开发新能源，还可能为人类找到新的家园。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Space exploration not only helps us develop new energy sources but also may find new homes for human beings. 7. 除此以外，太空技术已经融入生活，给普通人的生活带来巨大改变。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：In addition, space‑related technology has been used and brings great changes to people’s daily lives. 8. 不少日常用品最初都源自太空相关发明，太阳能电池就是其中一例。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Lots of daily products started as space inventions, for example, solar cells. 9. 总而言之，太空探索能带给我们诸多好处，具备极高的价值。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：In short, space exploration offers us many benefits and it is of great value. 10. 钱学森是我国工程师与科研科学家，被称作“中国航天之父”。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Qian Xuesen was a Chinese engineer and research scientist, widely known as “the Father of Chinese Aerospace”. 11. 他主导东风导弹系列的研发，培养出第一代中国航天工程师。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：He led the development of the Dongfeng missile series and trained China’s first‑generation aerospace engineers. 12. 1956年创立的研究所，正式拉开了中国太空探索事业的序幕。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The research institute founded in 1956 raised the curtain on China’s space exploration. 13. 加加林来自前苏联，是历史上第一位进入太空的宇航员。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Gagarin, a cosmonaut from the former Soviet Union, became the first person to go into space. 14. 这次具有历史意义的飞行，为全人类的太空探索开辟了道路。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：This historic flight opened the way for space exploration for the benefit of mankind. 15. 捷列什科娃拍摄的太空照片，兼具历史意义与当时的科学研究价值。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：The photos Tereshkova took from space were valuable for both their historical significance and scientific insights back then. 二、长难句剖析 例句1 I believe exploring space is of great importance for mankind’s future development. 1. 结构拆分：exploring space动名词短语作宾语从句主语；be of great importance = be very important。 2. 核心语法：动名词作主语；be + of + 抽象名词结构。 3. 写作借鉴：议论文表达观点。仿写示例：I believe reading widely is of great importance for teenagers’ future growth.（我认为广泛阅读对于青少年未来成长十分重要。） 例句2 Space exploration helps develop new energy sources, it even helps us in finding new homes for human beings. 1. 结构拆分：help (to) do sth帮助做某事；help sb in doing sth在做某事方面帮助某人。 2. 核心语法：help 的两种常用搭配。 3. 写作借鉴：列举事物带来的双重益处。仿写示例：Online learning helps save time; it even helps us in making new friends from different cities.（线上学习有助于节省时间，它甚至帮助我们认识来自不同城市的新朋友。） 例句3 He was director of China’s first Rocket and Missile Research Institute, which was founded in 1956 and raised the curtain on the country’s space exploration. 1. 结构拆分：which引导非限制性定语从句修饰研究院；从句内部并列被动语态was founded … and raised …；固定短语raise the curtain on拉开……序幕。 2. 核心语法：非限制性定语从句；并列谓语。 3. 写作借鉴：介绍人物相关机构与历史意义。仿写示例：He worked in a local art centre, which was founded in 2010 and raised the curtain on local modern art development.（他就职于一家本土艺术中心，该中心成立于2010年，拉开了当地现代艺术发展的序幕。） 例句4 He journeyed where nobody had been before and returned safely to Earth. This historic event opened the way for space exploration for the benefit of mankind. 1. 结构拆分：where引导地点状语从句；had been before过去完成时；固定短语open the way for为……开辟道路。 2. 核心语法：地点状语从句；过去完成时。 3. 写作借鉴：描述开创性历史事件。仿写示例：He travelled where no local visitor had been before and came back safely. This historic trip opened the way for further mountain research.（他去往当地游客从未踏足之地并平安返回，这次历史性出行，为后续山地研究开辟了道路。） 例句5 These photos would be valuable for both their historical significance and any scientific insights at the time. 1. 结构拆分：both … and …并列结构；be valuable for对……有价值。 2. 核心语法：both…and并列名词成分。 3. 写作借鉴：评价资料、物件的双重价值。仿写示例：These old diaries are valuable for both their cultural meaning and real‑life records at that time.（这些旧日记，对于它们的文化意义以及当时真实生活记录都极具价值。） Passage 1 When we talk about space, we think of the moon, the stars and the planets. Space is a big place and it is very cold. There is no air or water in space, so nothing can live there without special equipment. Astronauts are the people who go to space. They wear special spacesuits to keep warm and breathe. They also take food and water with them. The food is usually in the form of powder and they mix it with water to eat. The first person to go to space was Yuri Gagarin from Russia in 1961. He flew around the earth once. In 1969, American astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first people to walk on the moon. They left their footprints there and the footprints will stay for a long time because there is no wind or rain on the moon. Now, many countries are working together to explore space. We have sent many satellites into space. Satellites help us with weather forecasting, communication and finding our way with GPS. In the future, people may even live on other planets like Mars. 1．What can we find in space? A．Air and water. B．Planets and stars. C．Animals and plants. D．Air and stars 2．What do astronauts wear in space? A．Special clothes. B．Casual clothes. C．Sports clothes. D．Party clothes 3．When did the first person go to space? A．In 1961. B．In 1969. C．In 1970. D．In 1979. 4．Why will the footprints on the moon stay for a long time? A．Because the moon is very big. B．Because there is no wind or rain. C．Because the footprints are very deep. D．Because the moon is very special. 5．What do satellites help us with? A．Weather forecasting. B．Growing food. C．Making clothes. D．Making friends. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文简要介绍了太空的特点、宇航员的装备、人类太空探索的历史以及卫星的应用。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“When we talk about space, we think of the moon, the stars and the planets.”可知，太空中可以找到行星和恒星。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“They wear special spacesuits to keep warm and breathe.”可知，宇航员在太空中穿特殊的太空服。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“The first person to go to space was Yuri Gagarin from Russia in 1961.”可知，第一个进入太空的人是1961年的尤里·加加林。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据第三段“the footprints will stay for a long time because there is no wind or rain on the moon.”可知，月球上的脚印能保留很久是因为没有风雨。故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段“Satellites help us with weather forecasting, communication and finding our way with GPS.”可知，卫星帮助我们进行天气预报。故选A。 Passage 2 Chinese astronauts now have a new spacesuit for going to the moon! People saw the spacesuit for the first time on Sept. 28, 2024. This is part of China’s plan to fly astronauts to the moon by 2030. The spacesuit is made using many cool technologies. ①Material On the moon, it can be very cold or very hot. There is also a lot of dust (灰尘). To protect the astronauts, scientists made the spacesuit with a special material. ③Cameras There are cameras on both sides of the helmet. They can take videos of things close up and far away. ②Control panel (控制台) There is a control panel on the front of the spacesuit. It can do many things and is very easy to use. ④Visor (头盔面窗) The helmet has a special visor. It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. It also helps them see everything around them clearly. ⑤Joints (关节) The joints of the spacesuit can bend (弯曲) easily. Astronauts can move their arms and legs easily in space. 1．When does China plan to send astronauts to the moon? A．By 2024. B．Before 2024. C．By 2030. D．After 2030. 2．What is the climate like on the moon? A．It’s hot all year long. B．It’s very cold or very hot. C．It’s cold all year long. D．It’s not very cold or very hot. 3．Where are the cameras? A．On the front of the helmet. B．On both sides of the helmet. C．On the front of the spacesuit. D．On both of the arms and legs. 4．What is the visor used for? A．Taking videos of things on the moon. B．Helping astronauts to use the control panel. C．Helping astronauts move their arms and legs easily. D．Preventing the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes. 5．In which section of a newspaper can you probably read the text? A．Science Study. B．Sports News. C．School Time. D．Your voice. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从5个方面介绍了中国新设计的一款航天服。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This is part of China’s plan to fly astronauts to the moon by 2030.”可知中国计划在2030年之前将宇航员送上月球。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据表格“①Material”部分的“On the moon, it can be very cold or very hot”可知月球的气候是非常寒冷或者非常炎热，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“③Cameras”部分的“There are cameras on both sides of the helmet.”可知摄像头在头盔两侧，故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“④Visor (头盔面窗)”部分的“It can stop the bright sunlight from hurting the astronauts’ eyes.”可知头盔面窗可以阻止强光伤害宇航员的眼睛。故选D。 5．推理判断题。阅读全文，主要为我们介绍了中国的一款专为宇航员设计的航天服，这属于一种科学技术。因此最可能在报纸的科学研究板块读到这篇文章，故选A。 Passage 3 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites (卫星) and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang’e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories. As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover (巡视器) was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang’e in the story. These old stories carry people’s best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kuafu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kuafu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called Kuafu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also get ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China’s first quantum (量子) science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 1．In China, space scientists get ideas from ________ when naming satellites. ①old stories                            ②traditional projects ③ancient famous people                  ④popular inventions A．①② B．①③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do we know about Chang’e-1 according to the passage? A．It moves around the moon. B．It protects the Jade Rabbit. C．It “visits” the sun with the scientists. D．It is the world’s first man-made satellite. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4? A．By listing numbers. B．By comparing facts. C．By giving an example. D．By reporting a result. 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B．To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C．To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D．To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了嫦娥一号， “玉兔号”月球车， “墨子号”空间量子科学实验卫星与中国传统文化之间的渊源，表明了传统文化对我国太空技术的深远影响。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Space scientists have been greatly inspired (赋予灵感) by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names.”可知，中国的太空科学家在命名卫星时从“古老的故事”和“古代名人”中获得启发。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“As you can see, China’s first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang’e-1.”可知，嫦娥一号绕月运行。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2, 000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time…”可知，在第四段中，作者通过举例子来支持自己的观点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology.”并通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了中国太空技术与中国传统文化之间的渊源，中国传统文化影响着我国的太空技术。故选D。 Passage 4 So far, humans have landed on the moon for six times. If humans want to stay on the moon for long in the future, there will be a need for a source (来源) of food. It’s really a challenge, but scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible. Now Chinese researchers said that they had found a way to make moon soil (土壤) used for farming by introducing Earth bacteria (细菌). Researchers from China tested five kinds of bacteria. They found during a period of 10 to 21 days, three of them doubled phosphorus content (磷含量), which is necessary for the growth of plants. In the next step of the study, the researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil with the three kinds of bacteria for 24 days. They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots (茎和根) after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria. Besides, in another 24-day test, scientists found that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素), which helps plants use energy from light to grow. China has made a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030 to do scientific study. As astronauts need to live on the moon for a long time, bringing all food to the moon will cost a lot of money. Growing plants there will be helpful. However, earlier tests showed that moon soil is bad for growing plants. Many people began to feel hopeless. But this test offers them a good possible pick-me-up. 1．Chinese researches are taking steps towards ________. ①growing plants in sun soil     ②making moon farming possible ③growing plants on the moon     ④bringing food to the moon A．①③ B．②③ C．②④ D．③④ 2．What do you know about Earth bacteria? A．It is necessary for the growth of plants on the earth. B．It causes plants to have more chlorophyll. C．It makes the stems and roots of plants shorter. D．It needs 24 days to double the weight of leaves. 3．How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 3? A．By giving an example. B．By using sayings. C．By comparing facts. D．By setting a question. 4．Which is the right structure of the passage? （①= Paragraph 1 ②= Paragraph 2,…） A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To show how Chinese researchers invented Earth bacteria. B．To explain why plants can be grown on moon soil. C．To introduce tests about making moon soil used for moon farming. D．To make a plan for landing astronauts on the moon before 2030. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了中国科学家通过引入地球细菌，让月球土壤更适合种植植物的研究进展，以及这一技术对未来在月球长期生存的帮助。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“scientists are taking steps toward making moon farming possible”以及“researchers grew model plants in man-made moon soil…”可知，中国研究者正在朝着使月球农业成为可能以及在月球上种植植物努力。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“that plants with those bacteria had more chlorophyll (叶绿素)”可知，地球细菌使植物有更多的叶绿素。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“They discovered that the plants had longer stems and roots (茎和根) after six days, and heavier and wider leaves after 24 days, compared with those grown without the bacteria.”可知，作者通过比较事实来证明细菌对植物的积极作用。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段引入了月球农业的挑战这个话题；第二段到第四段具体介绍了研究者的实验过程和结果；第五段提出实验的潜在意义。所以结构如A选项所示，故选A。 5．主旨大意题。本文重点介绍了中国研究者如何通过实验使月球土壤适合种植，围绕着“月球农业的研究”展开，故选C。 1．近年来，我国航天业的飞速发展，让我们对未来的探索和发展充满了期待和信心。假如你校将举办一场主题为“My Space Dream”的英语演讲比赛，请根据下列提示写一篇演讲稿，简单阐述近年来我国航天事业的发展情况并谈谈你为实现航天梦将做何准备。 提示： (1) What do you think of our space industry? (2) What do you think of flying to the moon? (3) What are you going to do? Why? 注意： (1)短文须包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥； (2)短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名； (3)词数80左右。开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：take exercise, get knowledge Good morning, everyone. I’m glad to stand here to give a speech. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for listening! 【答案】范文：     Good morning, everyone. I’m glad to stand here to give a speech. My topic is My Space Dream.      In recent years, China’s space industry has developed rapidly. It makes me feel proud and hopeful. Flying to the moon is amazing. It shows we are making big progress in space exploration. To make my space dream come true, I will take exercise to keep strong. Also, I will try my best to get more knowledge about science. I believe hard work can help me move closer to my dream.     Thanks for listening! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，以一般现在时、一般将来时为主 明确要点：我国航天事业的发展看法、登月的感悟、实现航天梦的个人准备及原因 确定人称：第一人称(I/my/we) 注意事项：不得透露真实地名、校名和人名，词数80左右 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：固定开篇语句，引出演讲主题 主体段：阐述对我国航天事业、登月的看法，介绍自身追梦的行动与原因，表达对梦想实现的信心 结尾段：已给出 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：中国航天发展现状 发展态势：developed rapidly/boomed/advanced greatly/progressed fast等 内心感受：proud/hopeful/grateful/inspired/moved等 航天成就：flying to the moon/space exploration/lunar exploration/space mission等 发展意义：make big progress/achieve great success/realize breakthroughs/improve national strength等 要点二：实现太空梦想的行动 行动方式：take exercise/get more knowledge/study hard/keep learning/persist in training等 学习方向：science knowledge/space knowledge/astronomy knowledge/physical knowledge等 追梦信念：hard work/insistence/effort/perseverance/confidence等 最终目标：move closer to dream/realize dream/achieve ambition/fulfill goal等 2．我国航天员在中国空间站开讲的“天宫课堂”，为广大青少年带来了一场场精彩的太空科普课。为了激发中学生对太空探索的兴趣，某英语报正在举办主题为“Space travel in the future”的征文活动。作为一名太空迷，请你根据以下提示，写一篇80词左右的短文投稿，介绍你想象中的太空之旅。 提示：1. How will you go to space? 2. What will you do in space? 3. What do you think of space travel? 要求：1. 包含提示内容，可适当发挥; 3. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 As a space fan, I’m very interested in space and I’ve always wanted to travel into space. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文： As a space fan, I’m very interested in space and I’ve always wanted to travel into space. In the future, I plan to go to space in a modern spacecraft. I will explore planets like Mars, experience weightlessness, and try to find friendly aliens. I also want to do science experiments and take beautiful photos of stars. I believe space travel is exciting and educational. It helps us learn more about science and the universe. More importantly, it encourages us to dream big and work hard to reach our goals. With technological development, I believe ordinary people can travel into space. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：想象性记叙文，以一般将来时（will/plan to）为主 明确要点：交通方式（How）、太空活动（What）、个人评价（What think） 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：开头已给出，需衔接自然 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：已给出，表达太空兴趣与愿望 主体段：按提示分两层——交通方式与太空活动 结尾段：总结对太空旅行的看法与展望 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：交通方式（How） 交通选择：in a modern spacecraft/by spaceship/rocket/space shuttle等 动作表述：plan to go/go to space/travel into space等 补充修饰：fast/safe/comfortable/advanced等 要点二：太空活动（What） 活动列举：explore planets like Mars/experience weightlessness/try to find friendly aliens/do science experiments/take beautiful photos of stars/walk in space / collect rock samples/build space stations/grow plants/watch Earth from space/talk to astronauts等 顺序连接：可使用also/first/then/after that/besides等 要点三：个人评价（What think） 看法表达：exciting and educational/amazing/fantastic/meaningful/unforgettable/helpful等 作用意义：helps us learn more about science and the universe/makes me proud/opens a new world/broadens my mind/inspires curiosity等 鼓励展望：encourages us to dream big and work hard/make great efforts/never give up/achieve our dreams/believe in ourselves等 未来前景：ordinary people can travel into space/in the near future/with the help of AI/space tourism/travel freely等 3．假如你是李华，你校开展了主题为“学习航天精神，承载民族复兴”的校园航天日活动，请你根据以下要点，用英语给你的笔友John写封信，分享此次活动的过程和感受。 内容包括： 时间 3月24日 地点 学校礼堂 具体活动 1．试穿太空服; 2．观看有关天宫课程的视频; 3．制作火箭模型; 4……(至少补充两点) 感受 …… 写作要求：1．通知内容必须包括所有要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯; 2．文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名; 3．词数80左右。(开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。) 参考词汇：school hall学校礼堂， spacesuit太空服， rocket model火箭模型， Tiangong Class天宫课程 Dear John, How’s everything going? Our School Space Day was a great success. Let me tell you something about it. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Does your school have such activities? If so, please tell me. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 例文： Dear John,      How’s everything going? Our School Space Day was a great success. Let me tell you something about it.      The activity took place in the school hall on March 24th. It was really exciting! First, we tried on spacesuits to feel like real astronauts. Then, we watched videos of the Tiangong Class, which helped us learn a lot about space life. Later, we worked in groups to make rocket models. We also listened to a speech by an astronaut and drew space-themed posters. Through these activities, I felt so proud of our country’s space achievements. I realized that hard work makes dreams come true.      Does your school have such activities? If so, please tell me. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：书信体记叙文，以一般过去时描述活动过程，一般现在时表达个人感受 明确要点：介绍航天活动时间、地点、具体内容，抒发活动感受；采用题干给出的开头、结尾句 确定人称：第一人称 (I/we/my) 注意事项：不得出现真实姓名、校名；正文词数80词左右，题干给定开头、结尾不计入词数 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：沿用题干固定开头句，自然引入航天主题活动，开启书信话题 主体段：依次说明活动时间、地点、各项具体活动，同时融入个人感受与收获 结尾段：沿用题干固定结尾句，以互动提问收束全文，符合书信交流特点 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：活动基础信息 时间：on March 24th/on the 24th of March等 地点：in the school hall/in the school meeting hall等 活动整体感受：meaningful/unforgettable/wonderful等 要点二：具体活动内容 核心活动：tried on spacesuits/put on spacesuits/watched videos of the Tiangong Class/watched the Tiangong Class videos/made rocket models/built rocket models等 补充活动：listened to a speech by an astronaut/attended an astronaut’s lecture/drew space-themed posters/created space-themed posters等 活动细节：to feel like real astronauts/to experience astronauts’ life/helped us learn a lot about space life/let us know more about space/worked in groups/cooperated with classmates等 要点三：活动感受与感悟 内心感受：felt so proud of our country’s space achievements/was proud of our space progress等 思想感悟：realized that hard work makes dreams come true/learned efforts can achieve dreams等 本单元主题写作 Project：《Make a spaceopedia on space exploration》主题项目 项目目标 1. 熟练运用太空探索类核心词汇（spacecraft, astronaut, mission, space exploration等），掌握说明文表达，能够介绍宇宙、航天工程、航天任务、科学家等相关信息。 2. 掌握太空百科手册制作完整流程：规划内容→搜集资料→可视化信息排版→完成手册成品；学会使用时间线timeline、流程图flow‑chart、思维导图mind‑map整理信息，提升信息梳理与英语书面表达能力。 3. 小组分工协作完成自制太空百科手册spaceopedia，能够小组间展示交流，投票选出最佳作品。 项目对象 九年级学生 项目时长 1课时（45分钟） 项目准备 1. 学生：课前简单浏览太空探索相关常识，草稿记录感兴趣的航天知识点。 2. 教师：空白手册装订纸、课本范例投影、白板、彩色马克笔；可提供航天简笔画素材参考。 项目步骤 Step1 Plan 规划内容，分配组员任务（7分钟） 小组讨论，确定自制太空百科至少2个编写板块，同时明确每位组员分工职责。 可选编写参考方向： - Space and the universe 太空与宇宙 - Space programmes in different countries 各国航天项目 - Timeline of human space exploration 人类太空探索时间线 - The development of spacecrafts 航天器的发展 - Space science / scientists 太空科学与航天科学家 任务要求：小组敲定至少2个主题板块，落实每个人负责搜集、书写、绘图的任务。 Step2 Collect 搜集资料素材（12分钟） 1. 小组围绕选定板块搜集需要写入spaceopedia的英文信息。 2. 教师巡视指导：补充航天主题词汇，修正语法拼写，提醒筛选简洁适合九年级水平的英文素材。 3. 小组整理摘抄关键信息，为后续可视化排版做准备。 Step3 Design 可视化信息排版（14分钟） 1. 运用不同可视化工具整理信息：timeline时间线、flow‑chart流程图、mind‑map思维导图、表格等。 2. 参考课本表格范例（Year / Spacecraft / Astronaut / Mission/Accomplishment）梳理航天事件。 3. 排版要求： ① 时间线、表格做到条目清晰； ② 用不同颜色区分不同知识板块； ③ 圈画2个单元重点短语做标记。 Step4 Make 完成完整spaceopedia手册 + 班级互评（12分钟） 1. 组内共享全部搜集整理好的信息，组装完整手册。 手册必备组成部分： - a book cover 手册封面 - a contents page 目录页 - texts with informative images 正文文字+配套示意插图 2. 各小组互相展示成品spaceopedia。全班投票，选出最佳太空百科手册。 评价维度 评分标准 内容完整 不少于2个主题板块，航天信息准确，覆盖关键知识点，内容贴合单元主题 语言准确 单词、语法无误，熟练使用太空探索相关词汇，说明文语句通顺 信息设计 合理使用时间线/表格/思维导图等可视化形式，信息条理清晰 手册成品 包含封面、目录、正文插图，板块分区清楚，排版整洁美观 参考范文（手册正文·Timeline表格范例） Timeline of human space exploration Year Spacecraft Astronaut Mission / Accomplishment 1961 Vostok 1 Yuri Gagarin The first human to travel into space 1969 Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong First human landing on the Moon 2003 Shenzhou5 Yang Liwei China’s first manned space flight Brief text: Human space exploration has made great progress over decades. Different countries have developed various spacecrafts and carried out important space missions. More scientists are working hard to explore the unknown universe. 写作模板 Spaceopedia: Space Exploration Contents Page 1. ________________________ 2. ________________________ Section 1 ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________. (Visual part: timeline / mind‑map / table here) Section 2 ________________________ ____________________________________________________________________. (Visual part: timeline / mind‑map / table here) 手册成品布局参考 1. 封面（book cover）顶部大标题：Spaceopedia — Space Exploration（彩笔加粗，搭配火箭、星球简笔画） 2. 第1页：Contents page 目录页，列出手册全部板块标题 3. 正文：每个知识板块，文字说明 + 时间线/表格/思维导图可视化 4. 页面空白处绘制航天器、星球简约插图 5. 手册末尾右下角：书写全部小组成员英文名 6. 彩笔圈画重点短语：space exploration, space programmes $