Unit 3 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

**基本信息** 本练习以“基础达标-能力提升-拓展培优-思维进阶”分层设计，构建从词汇积累到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，适配新授课语言能力培养与思维品质提升需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇、短语|罗列重点词汇及短语，夯实语言基础| |能力提升|词汇应用、语篇理解|通过选词填空与阅读理解，实现单一知识点向语境应用过渡| |拓展培优|情境交际、信息提取|补全对话结合航天情境，阅读理解聚焦中国航天成就，渗透文化意识| |思维进阶|语法综合、深层探究|语法选择与填空考查语言规则，阅读回答问题培养信息整合能力，提升思维品质|

Unit3 Space exploration 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 rover /ˈrəʊvə(r)/ n. 巡视器；漫游车 mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 任务 delay /dɪˈleɪ/ n. 延迟；延时 distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离 communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 通讯 dust /dʌst/ n. 灰尘；沙尘 storm /stɔːm/ n. 风暴 panel /ˈpænl/ n. 面板 resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ n. 卫星 orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ n. 轨道 culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 2. 核心动词 land /lænd/ v. 登陆；着陆 explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ v. 探索 block /blɒk/ v. 阻挡；屏蔽 overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 克服 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 marvel /ˈmɑːvl/ v. 惊叹 enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ v. 使能够 provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v. 提供 3. 核心形容词 fictional /ˈfɪkʃənl/ adj. 虚构的 direct /dəˈrekt/ adj. 直接的 powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj. 强大的 solar /ˈsəʊlə(r)/ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 great /ɡreɪt/ adj. 重大的；伟大的 二、重点短语 1. be named after 以……命名 2. land on 登陆 3. explore the far side of the moon 探索月球背面 4. get to 抵达 5. communicate with 和……通讯 6. block radio signals 屏蔽无线电信号 7. overcome this challenge 克服这一挑战 8. put … in orbit 将……送入轨道 9. communication delay 通讯延迟 10. solar panels 太阳能板 11. dust storms 沙尘暴 12. reduce the amount of … 减少……的数量 13. marvel at 惊叹于 14. enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 15. provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 一、选词填空 A．explore   B．information   C． possible    D．shortest   E. necessary    Some scientists believe that Mars is the planet with the highest chance of supporting human life away from Earth. Some believe that it is 1 for humans to reach Mars by 2030. However, there are many questions to answer and things to prepare before this can happen. Recently, scientists have sent robots to Mars to gather 2 about the planet to answer such questions. Is there life on Mars? What is the climate like? What does the land look like? What would be needed for humans to 3 Mars? Putting people on Mars will include planning how a person will live on Mars. At its 4 distance, Mars is 225 million kilometers away from Earth. So, it would take about 6 months for a one-way trip to get there. And astronauts would have to remain on Mars for over 18 months before Earth and Mars were at their closest distance again. A．conditions   B．small    C． figure out     D．comfortable   E. outside    Therefore, scientists should 5 how much food and supplies would be needed to plan for such a long trip. For astronauts, they will need to prepare both their minds and bodies for such a long trip away from Earth. NASA set up a special research building that copied the 6 of living on Mars. A group of astronauts stayed in this research building for 366 days. During their stay, they had to deal with what they might have to deal with on Mars. For example, they had to eat bad food. They had to live with each other in very 7 space. They also had to deal with the problem of having lots of time with little or nothing to do. They could not receive help from people on the 8 for the whole time. But it is all part of the plan for preparing to put people on Mars one day. 二、阅读理解 Early on Wednesday morning, a big rocket called Long March -2F Y19 took off from Jiuquan in Northwest China. It carried three astronauts on a trip to the China Space Station. After about 10 minutes, the Shenzhou -19 spacecraft separated from the rocket and entered its designated orbit (轨道). This meant the launch was a success! The China Space Station will welcome the new Shenzhou -19 crew, led by experienced astronaut Cai Xuze and newcomers Song Lingdong and female astronaut Wang Haoze, about 6.5 hours after takeoff. Commander (指令长) Cai is going back to space just 22 months after his last trip, which is a record for the shortest time between missions in the history of Chinese astronauts. Song and Wang, both born in 1990, are on their first space mission. Wang is also China’s first female spaceflight engineer. This is the fourth time that astronauts have flown to the space station to work and do experiments, and it’s the 33rd mission in China’s manned space program. The main tasks include switching crews with the Shenzhou -18 astronauts, staying on the station for six months, doing space experiments, going outside the spacecraft and managing cargo (货物) and so on. After launch, Shenzhou -19 will connect to the Tianhe module of the space station about 6.5 hours later. During their stay, they will get supplies from the Tianzhou -8 cargo spacecraft and be visited by the Shenzhou -20 crew. They will come back to Earth in late April or early May. The Shenzhou-18 crew will return to Earth on November 4 after the new crew arrives. For this mission, the developers made the Shenzhou -19 spacecraft better by improving its design, so it can carry more supplies. This helps the astronauts and makes the space station work more effectively. 1．What does the underlined word “designated” mean in the second paragraph? A．Planned B．Named C．Changed D．Tested 2．What is Wang Haoze’s special achievement? A．She is the young. B．She is the first female leader. C．She is China’s first female spaceflight engineer. D．She has flown to the space station four times. 3．What is the correct order of the following events? ①The Shenzhou -18 crew returns to Earth. ②The Shenzhou -19 connects to the Tianhe module. ③The Long March -2F Y19 rocket took off. ④The Shenzhou -19 crew arrived at the China Space Station. A．③①④② B．①④③② C．③②④① D．③①②④ 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Shenzhou-19 separated from the rocket after 20 minutes. B．Cai Xuze is on his first space mission. C．The Shenzhou -18 will return on November 14. D．Improvements in the spacecraft design allow it to carry more supplies. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．A Successful Launch of Shenzhou-19 B．The History of China’s Space Exploration C．The Main Tasks of Shenzhou -19 Crew D．The Development of China’s Space Technology 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Yutu‑2(Y) talks with Zhurong(Z) Y: Hello, Zhurong. I’m Yutu‑2, the moon rover. 1.________________________________________?（一般疑问句，问你是不是以中国火神命名的火星巡视器） Z: Yes. I’m named after the god of fire in Chinese culture. I landed on Mars in 2021. Y: It’s amazing. 2.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句Why，为什么月球背面很难通讯） Z: Because the moon blocks direct radio signals between far side and Earth. Y: How did humans solve that problem? Z: 3.________________________________________.（改写课本：一颗中继卫星被送入月球上方轨道来克服困难） Y: Mars also has lots of difficulties, right? Z: Yes. 4.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句What，火星通讯最大的难题是什么） Y: The communication delay of about 20 minutes makes landing much harder. Z: Besides, there are terrible dust storms on Mars. 5.________________________________________.（课本表达：沙尘会覆盖太阳能板，降低接收阳光） 练习 2 Situation: Two students discuss space rovers A: Yutu‑2 and Zhurong are great space achievements for our country. 1.________________________________________?（一般疑问句，问祝融是否让我国成为第二个成功登陆火星的国家） B: Yes. China became the second country to land a rover successfully on Mars. A: 2.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句What，火星沙尘暴会给祝融带来什么麻烦） B: After dust storms, dust covers Zhurong and cuts down its solar energy. A: Can space inventions only be used for space exploration? B: 3.________________________.（否定回答） They have come into people’s daily lives. A: 4.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句What，太空技术带给我们什么） B: It provides us opportunities to explore space and helps make people’s lives better. A: 5.________________________________________.（提建议：我们可以多学习太空科学知识） 四、语法选择 通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Nowadays, we are enjoying the advantages of inventions. Man 1 four kinds of satellites (卫星) . The first kind of satellite studies the geography (地理) of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to see where they 2 find oil or gold. The second kind of satellite 3 guide ships and planes. A ship or a plane can send a message to the satellite, and the satellite can find out where the ship or 4 . The third kind studies the weather. These satellites watch clouds and strong winds 5 across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations 6 very bad weather is coming. The last kind is used for communication. Telephone calls between countries can be sent 7 these satellites. Some can carry 8 calls at the same time. The call 9 to the satellite, then the satellite sends 10 to a station in the country and this country is being phoned. These satellites carry pictures. They can receive and send about eight programs at a time. 1．A．has invented B．invents C．invented 2．A．need B．should C．may 3．A．is used B．is used to C．used to 4．A．is the plane B．was the plane C．the plane is 5．A．to move B．to moving C．moving 6．A．when B．until C．after 7．A．in B．with C．by 8．A．hundred of B．a hundred of C．hundreds of 9．A．was sent B．sends C．is sent 10．A．it’s B．its C．it 五、阅读回答问题 根据短文内容回答问题(每小题答案不超过8个单词)。 China’s Long March-10 carrier rocket (运载火箭), the country’s new-generation manned launch vehicle, has successfully completed the first static (静态) fire test on 15th August, at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in the southern island province of Hainan. According to the China Manned Space Agency, the test marks a milestone in China’s manned lunar exploration program, following the successful zero-altitude escape flight test of the Mengzhou manned spacecraft and the comprehensive landing and takeoff test of the Lanyue manned lunar lander. During the test, seven engines of the test product of the rocket’s first stage were fired simultaneously, followed by the completion of multiple scheduled (预定的) test procedure (程序). The Long March-10 carrier rocket series is developed to serve (服务) China’s manned lunar exploration missions (任务), including two configurations (构型)-the Long March-10 rocket and Long March-10A rocket. China has now entered the lunar landing phase (阶段) of its manned lunar exploration program, paving (铺平) the way to land astronauts on the moon before 2030. “To achieve this goal, new carrier rockets with high safety, reliability and thrust are required. The Long March-10 series was developed to meet this need,” Xu said. 1．When did the Long March-10 carrier rocket complete its first static fire test? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How many configurations do the Long March-10 carrier rocket series include? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why was the Long March-10 series developed? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What phase has China entered? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of this test? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、语法填空 When I was a little kid, I would lie on the grass in my backyard, looking up at the starry sky. That’s when my love for space exploration began. I dreamed of becoming 1 astronaut, flying among the stars and planets. However, space exploration is a difficult task. Astronauts need 2 (master) multiple disciplines like math, physics, and engineering. They also have to be brave and strong to deal with all the challenges in space. Thanks to spacecraft, we can now learn more about the universe. For example, the Mars rovers (火星探测器) we sent to Mars analyze the Martian soil. 3 (important), finding water on Mars matters for looking for life and future settlement. The data these missions send back helps scientists understand the solar system 4 (good). The Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969 was a historic moment for humanity. When Armstrong and Aldrin stepped on the moon, it showed what 5 (human) could achieve in space. In recent years, China 6 (make) great progress in space exploration. The Shenzhou series are significant milestones. 7 , we have built our own space station, Tiangong. Tiangong serves as a multi-functional platform for scientific research, 8 (include) studies on microgravity physics, life sciences, and space astronomy. It helps Chinese astronauts do long-term space missions and aids the world in understanding space. This remarkable achievement makes me extremely 9 (pride) of my country. I hope to join the space exploration team one day. By studying aerospace-related fields, I believe my dream will come true. The future 10 space exploration is full of possibilities, and I can’t wait to be part of it. ( 1 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit3 Space exploration 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 rover /ˈrəʊvə(r)/ n. 巡视器；漫游车 mission /ˈmɪʃn/ n. 任务 delay /dɪˈleɪ/ n. 延迟；延时 distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离 communication /kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃn/ n. 通讯 dust /dʌst/ n. 灰尘；沙尘 storm /stɔːm/ n. 风暴 panel /ˈpænl/ n. 面板 resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源 invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明 satellite /ˈsætəlaɪt/ n. 卫星 orbit /ˈɔːbɪt/ n. 轨道 culture /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 2. 核心动词 land /lænd/ v. 登陆；着陆 explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r)/ v. 探索 block /blɒk/ v. 阻挡；屏蔽 overcome /ˌəʊvəˈkʌm/ v. 克服 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 marvel /ˈmɑːvl/ v. 惊叹 enable /ɪˈneɪbl/ v. 使能够 provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v. 提供 3. 核心形容词 fictional /ˈfɪkʃənl/ adj. 虚构的 direct /dəˈrekt/ adj. 直接的 powerful /ˈpaʊəfl/ adj. 强大的 solar /ˈsəʊlə(r)/ adj. 太阳的；太阳能的 scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的 great /ɡreɪt/ adj. 重大的；伟大的 二、重点短语 1. be named after 以……命名 2. land on 登陆 3. explore the far side of the moon 探索月球背面 4. get to 抵达 5. communicate with 和……通讯 6. block radio signals 屏蔽无线电信号 7. overcome this challenge 克服这一挑战 8. put … in orbit 将……送入轨道 9. communication delay 通讯延迟 10. solar panels 太阳能板 11. dust storms 沙尘暴 12. reduce the amount of … 减少……的数量 13. marvel at 惊叹于 14. enable sb. to do sth. 使某人能够做某事 15. provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物 一、选词填空 A．explore   B．information   C． possible    D．shortest   E. necessary    Some scientists believe that Mars is the planet with the highest chance of supporting human life away from Earth. Some believe that it is 1 for humans to reach Mars by 2030. However, there are many questions to answer and things to prepare before this can happen. Recently, scientists have sent robots to Mars to gather 2 about the planet to answer such questions. Is there life on Mars? What is the climate like? What does the land look like? What would be needed for humans to 3 Mars? Putting people on Mars will include planning how a person will live on Mars. At its 4 distance, Mars is 225 million kilometers away from Earth. So, it would take about 6 months for a one-way trip to get there. And astronauts would have to remain on Mars for over 18 months before Earth and Mars were at their closest distance again. A．conditions   B．small    C． figure out     D．comfortable   E. outside    Therefore, scientists should 5 how much food and supplies would be needed to plan for such a long trip. For astronauts, they will need to prepare both their minds and bodies for such a long trip away from Earth. NASA set up a special research building that copied the 6 of living on Mars. A group of astronauts stayed in this research building for 366 days. During their stay, they had to deal with what they might have to deal with on Mars. For example, they had to eat bad food. They had to live with each other in very 7 space. They also had to deal with the problem of having lots of time with little or nothing to do. They could not receive help from people on the 8 for the whole time. But it is all part of the plan for preparing to put people on Mars one day. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．E 【导语】本文介绍了人类为到达火星所作的计划和准备。 【详解】1．句意：一些人认为，人类有可能在2030年前到达火星。根据“Some believe that it is … for humans to reach Mars by 2030.”和备选单词可知，此处指做某事是有可能的，possible“可能的”。故选C。 2．句意：最近，科学家已经向火星发送了机器人，以收集有关火星的信息来回答这些问题。根据“scientists have sent robots to Mars to gather … about the planet to answer such questions.”和备选单词可知，回答这些问题需要搜集信息，information“信息”，不可数名词。 故选B。 3．句意：人类探索火星需要什么？根据“What would be needed for humans to … Mars?”和备选单词可知，此处指人类对火星的探索需要什么， explore“探索”故选A。 4．句意：在最短的距离内，火星距离地球2.25亿公里。根据“At its … distance, Mars is 225 million kilometers away from Earth.”和备选单词可知，此处表示地球和火星之间最短的距离， shortest “最短的”故选D。 5．句意：因此，科学家们应该计算出为这么长的旅行计划需要多少食物和物资。根据“how much food and supplies”和备选单词可知，此处指计算出多少食物和物资，figure out“计算”。故选C。 6．句意：美国宇航局建立了一个专门的研究大楼，模仿火星上的生活条件。根据“During their stay, they had to deal with what they might have to deal with on Mars.”和备选单词可知，此处指模仿火星的生活条件， conditions“条件”。故选A。 7．句意：他们不得不在很小的空间里一起生活。根据“They had to live with each other in very … space”和备选单词可知，此处指空间狭小，samll“小的”，作定语修饰space。故选B。 8．句意：他们无法一直得到外界的帮助。根据“help from people on the …”和备选单词可知，此处指从外界得到帮助，on the outside“在外面”。故选E。 二、阅读理解 Early on Wednesday morning, a big rocket called Long March -2F Y19 took off from Jiuquan in Northwest China. It carried three astronauts on a trip to the China Space Station. After about 10 minutes, the Shenzhou -19 spacecraft separated from the rocket and entered its designated orbit (轨道). This meant the launch was a success! The China Space Station will welcome the new Shenzhou -19 crew, led by experienced astronaut Cai Xuze and newcomers Song Lingdong and female astronaut Wang Haoze, about 6.5 hours after takeoff. Commander (指令长) Cai is going back to space just 22 months after his last trip, which is a record for the shortest time between missions in the history of Chinese astronauts. Song and Wang, both born in 1990, are on their first space mission. Wang is also China’s first female spaceflight engineer. This is the fourth time that astronauts have flown to the space station to work and do experiments, and it’s the 33rd mission in China’s manned space program. The main tasks include switching crews with the Shenzhou -18 astronauts, staying on the station for six months, doing space experiments, going outside the spacecraft and managing cargo (货物) and so on. After launch, Shenzhou -19 will connect to the Tianhe module of the space station about 6.5 hours later. During their stay, they will get supplies from the Tianzhou -8 cargo spacecraft and be visited by the Shenzhou -20 crew. They will come back to Earth in late April or early May. The Shenzhou-18 crew will return to Earth on November 4 after the new crew arrives. For this mission, the developers made the Shenzhou -19 spacecraft better by improving its design, so it can carry more supplies. This helps the astronauts and makes the space station work more effectively. 1．What does the underlined word “designated” mean in the second paragraph? A．Planned B．Named C．Changed D．Tested 2．What is Wang Haoze’s special achievement? A．She is the young. B．She is the first female leader. C．She is China’s first female spaceflight engineer. D．She has flown to the space station four times. 3．What is the correct order of the following events? ①The Shenzhou -18 crew returns to Earth. ②The Shenzhou -19 connects to the Tianhe module. ③The Long March -2F Y19 rocket took off. ④The Shenzhou -19 crew arrived at the China Space Station. A．③①④② B．①④③② C．③②④① D．③①②④ 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Shenzhou-19 separated from the rocket after 20 minutes. B．Cai Xuze is on his first space mission. C．The Shenzhou -18 will return on November 14. D．Improvements in the spacecraft design allow it to carry more supplies. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A．A Successful Launch of Shenzhou-19 B．The History of China’s Space Exploration C．The Main Tasks of Shenzhou -19 Crew D．The Development of China’s Space Technology 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国神舟十九号载人宇宙飞船成功发射以及宇航员的任务等情况。 【详解】1．词句猜测题。根据“After about 10 minutes, the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft separated from the rocket and entered its designated orbit”可知，神舟十九号飞船与火箭分离，进入预定轨道。因此“designated”与“planned”词义相近。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Wang is also China’s first female spaceflight engineer.”可知，她是中国第一位女航天工程师。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“a big rocket called Long March -2F Y19 took off from Jiuquan in Northwest China.”，“After launch, Shenzhou -19 will connect to the Tianhe module of the space station about 6.5 hours later.”，“The China Space Station will welcome the new Shenzhou -19 crew,”和“The Shenzhou-18 crew will return to Earth on November 4 after the new crew arrives.”可知顺序为③②④①，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“For this mission, the developers made the Shenzhou-19 spacecraft better by improving its design, so it can carry more supplies.”可知，宇宙飞船设计的改进使它能携带更多的补给。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。通读全文内容可知，本文介绍了中国神舟十九号载人宇宙飞船以及宇航员的任务等情况。选项A“神舟十九号成功发射”适合作为本文的标题。故选A。 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Yutu‑2(Y) talks with Zhurong(Z) Y: Hello, Zhurong. I’m Yutu‑2, the moon rover. 1.________________________________________?（一般疑问句，问你是不是以中国火神命名的火星巡视器） Z: Yes. I’m named after the god of fire in Chinese culture. I landed on Mars in 2021. Y: It’s amazing. 2.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句Why，为什么月球背面很难通讯） Z: Because the moon blocks direct radio signals between far side and Earth. Y: How did humans solve that problem? Z: 3.________________________________________.（改写课本：一颗中继卫星被送入月球上方轨道来克服困难） Y: Mars also has lots of difficulties, right? Z: Yes. 4.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句What，火星通讯最大的难题是什么） Y: The communication delay of about 20 minutes makes landing much harder. Z: Besides, there are terrible dust storms on Mars. 5.________________________________________.（课本表达：沙尘会覆盖太阳能板，降低接收阳光） 【答案及解析】 参考答案 1. Are you the Mars rover named after the god of fire in Chinese culture 2. Why is it hard to communicate with things on the far side of the moon 3. A relay satellite was put in orbit above the moon to overcome this challenge 4. What is the biggest communication problem on Mars 5. The dust will cover solar panels and greatly reduce the sunlight received 解析 1. Are引导一般疑问句；be named after课文短语。 2. Why询问原因；communicate with课本短语。 3. 被动语态was put in orbit中考高频；信息来自原文。 4. What对事物提问；考查名词短语communication delay。 5. reduce the amount of… 课本短语，并列谓语。 练习 2 Situation: Two students discuss space rovers A: Yutu‑2 and Zhurong are great space achievements for our country. 1.________________________________________?（一般疑问句，问祝融是否让我国成为第二个成功登陆火星的国家） B: Yes. China became the second country to land a rover successfully on Mars. A: 2.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句What，火星沙尘暴会给祝融带来什么麻烦） B: After dust storms, dust covers Zhurong and cuts down its solar energy. A: Can space inventions only be used for space exploration? B: 3.________________________.（否定回答） They have come into people’s daily lives. A: 4.________________________________________?（特殊疑问句What，太空技术带给我们什么） B: It provides us opportunities to explore space and helps make people’s lives better. A: 5.________________________________________.（提建议：我们可以多学习太空科学知识） 【答案及解析】 参考答案 1. Did Zhurong make our country the second one to land a rover successfully on Mars 2. What trouble will powerful dust storms bring to Zhurong 3. No, they can’t. 4. What do space technologies bring to us 5. We should learn more knowledge about space science 解析 1. Did一般过去时一般疑问句；不定式to land做后置定语中考考点。 2. What提问事物；dust storms课文核心名词。 3. Can引导一般疑问句否定简答。 4. What提问宾语；provide sb. with sth.课文短语变形。 5. should表建议交际句型。 四、语法选择 通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Nowadays, we are enjoying the advantages of inventions. Man 1 four kinds of satellites (卫星) . The first kind of satellite studies the geography (地理) of the earth. They are used to make maps. They also help countries to see where they 2 find oil or gold. The second kind of satellite 3 guide ships and planes. A ship or a plane can send a message to the satellite, and the satellite can find out where the ship or 4 . The third kind studies the weather. These satellites watch clouds and strong winds 5 across the earth. They warn countries to make preparations 6 very bad weather is coming. The last kind is used for communication. Telephone calls between countries can be sent 7 these satellites. Some can carry 8 calls at the same time. The call 9 to the satellite, then the satellite sends 10 to a station in the country and this country is being phoned. These satellites carry pictures. They can receive and send about eight programs at a time. 1．A．has invented B．invents C．invented 2．A．need B．should C．may 3．A．is used B．is used to C．used to 4．A．is the plane B．was the plane C．the plane is 5．A．to move B．to moving C．moving 6．A．when B．until C．after 7．A．in B．with C．by 8．A．hundred of B．a hundred of C．hundreds of 9．A．was sent B．sends C．is sent 10．A．it’s B．its C．it 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．C 10．C 【导语】本文介绍了四种卫星的用途：第一种是研究地理的卫星；第二种是关于导航的卫星；第三种是预测天气的卫星；第四种是通信卫星。 【详解】1．句意：人类已经发明了四种卫星。 has invented现在完成时；invents一般现在时；invented一般过去时。现在完成时态强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，这里表示到目前为止人类发明了四种卫星。根据上下文可知，人类的发明成果对现在产生了影响，故选A。 2．句意：它们也帮助国家看到他们可能在哪里找到石油或黄金。 need需要；should应该；may可能。根据“They also help countries to see where they … find oil or gold.”可知卫星帮助国家寻找石油或黄金的地点只是一种可能性，而不是确定的，故选C。 3．句意：第二种卫星被用来引导船只和飞机。 is used被使用；is used to被用来；used to过去常常。根据“The second kind of satellite…guide ships and planes.”可知“be used to do sth.”表示 “被用来做某事”，符合文意，即第二种卫星的用途是引导船只和飞机，故选B。 4．句意：一艘船或一架飞机可以向卫星发送信息，卫星可以找出船或飞机在哪里。 is the plane一般现在时，疑问语序；was the plane一般过去时，疑问语序；the plane is一般现在时，陈述语序。这里表示卫星能够确定船或飞机的位置，“where the ship or the plane is” 是宾语从句，句子结构完整，故选C。 5．句意：这些卫星观察云和强风在地球上移动。 to move不定式结构；to moving介词加动词ing形式；moving动词ing形式。“watch…doing sth.” 表示 “观看……正在做某事”，故选C。 6．句意：当非常恶劣的天气即将来临时，它们警告国家做好准备。 when当……的时候；until直到；after在……之后。根据“They warn countries to make preparations…very bad weather is coming.”可知when引导时间状语从句，符合文意，即当恶劣天气来临时卫星发出警告，故选A。 7．句意：国家之间的电话可以通过这些卫星发送。 in在……里；with和……一起；by通过。根据“Telephone calls between countries can be sent…these satellites.”可知用by表示方式，即电话通过卫星发送，故选C。 8．句意：有些可以同时承载数以百计的通话。 hundred of一百个……；a hundred of一百个……；hundreds of数以百计的。hundreds of表示数量多，符合卫星可以承载大量通话的语境，故选C。 9．句意：电话被发送到卫星，然后卫星把它发送到这个国家的一个站点，这个国家正在被呼叫。 was sent被发送(过去式)；sends发送；is sent被发送。这里是被动语态，表示“电话被发送到卫星”，故选C。 10．句意：电话被发送到卫星，然后卫星把它发送到这个国家的一个站点，这个国家正在被呼叫。 it’s它是；its它的；it它。这里 “it” 指代前面的 “the call”，故选C。 五、阅读回答问题 根据短文内容回答问题(每小题答案不超过8个单词)。 China’s Long March-10 carrier rocket (运载火箭), the country’s new-generation manned launch vehicle, has successfully completed the first static (静态) fire test on 15th August, at the Wenchang Spacecraft Launch Site in the southern island province of Hainan. According to the China Manned Space Agency, the test marks a milestone in China’s manned lunar exploration program, following the successful zero-altitude escape flight test of the Mengzhou manned spacecraft and the comprehensive landing and takeoff test of the Lanyue manned lunar lander. During the test, seven engines of the test product of the rocket’s first stage were fired simultaneously, followed by the completion of multiple scheduled (预定的) test procedure (程序). The Long March-10 carrier rocket series is developed to serve (服务) China’s manned lunar exploration missions (任务), including two configurations (构型)-the Long March-10 rocket and Long March-10A rocket. China has now entered the lunar landing phase (阶段) of its manned lunar exploration program, paving (铺平) the way to land astronauts on the moon before 2030. “To achieve this goal, new carrier rockets with high safety, reliability and thrust are required. The Long March-10 series was developed to meet this need,” Xu said. 1．When did the Long March-10 carrier rocket complete its first static fire test? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How many configurations do the Long March-10 carrier rocket series include? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．Why was the Long March-10 series developed? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What phase has China entered? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．What do you think of this test? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．On 15th August./August 2. 3．Two/4. 5．To meet lunar landing needs./To serve China’s manned lunar exploration missions. 6．The lunar landing phase. 7．Wonderful./Great./Successful./It’s a milestone. 【导语】本文主要围绕长征十号运载火箭首次静态点火试验展开，介绍了试验的时间、意义、火箭构型，以及该试验对中国2030年前实现载人登月目标的推动作用。 【详解】1．根据“China’s Long March-10 carrier rocket, the country’s new-generation manned launch vehicle, has successfully completed the first static fire test on 15th August”可知，我国新一代载人运载火箭——长征十号运载火箭，已于8月15日在海南岛文昌航天发射场圆满完成首次静态点火试验。故填On 15th August./August 15. 2．根据“The Long March-10 carrier rocket series is developed to serve China’s manned lunar exploration missions, including two configurations-the Long March-10 rocket and Long March-10A rocket.”可知，长征十号运载火箭系列是为满足我国载人探月工程任务需求而研发的，包含两种构型，分别为长征十号火箭与长征十号甲火箭。故填Two/2. 3．根据“The Long March-10 carrier rocket series is developed to serve China’s manned lunar exploration missions...The Long March-10 series was developed to meet this need”可知，长征十号运载火箭系列是为满足我国载人探月工程任务需求而研发的，长征十号系列火箭的研发正是为了满足这一需求。故填To meet lunar landing needs./To serve China’s manned lunar exploration missions. 4．根据“China has now entered the lunar landing phase of its manned lunar exploration program, paving the way to land astronauts on the moon before 2030.”可知，目前，我国已正式迈入载人探月工程的月面着陆阶段，为2030年前实现航天员登陆月球的目标铺平了道路。故填The lunar landing phase. 5．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合本次试验合理作答即可。故填Wonderful./Great./Successful./It’s a milestone. 六、语法填空 When I was a little kid, I would lie on the grass in my backyard, looking up at the starry sky. That’s when my love for space exploration began. I dreamed of becoming 1 astronaut, flying among the stars and planets. However, space exploration is a difficult task. Astronauts need 2 (master) multiple disciplines like math, physics, and engineering. They also have to be brave and strong to deal with all the challenges in space. Thanks to spacecraft, we can now learn more about the universe. For example, the Mars rovers (火星探测器) we sent to Mars analyze the Martian soil. 3 (important), finding water on Mars matters for looking for life and future settlement. The data these missions send back helps scientists understand the solar system 4 (good). The Apollo 11 moon landing in 1969 was a historic moment for humanity. When Armstrong and Aldrin stepped on the moon, it showed what 5 (human) could achieve in space. In recent years, China 6 (make) great progress in space exploration. The Shenzhou series are significant milestones. 7 , we have built our own space station, Tiangong. Tiangong serves as a multi-functional platform for scientific research, 8 (include) studies on microgravity physics, life sciences, and space astronomy. It helps Chinese astronauts do long-term space missions and aids the world in understanding space. This remarkable achievement makes me extremely 9 (pride) of my country. I hope to join the space exploration team one day. By studying aerospace-related fields, I believe my dream will come true. The future 10 space exploration is full of possibilities, and I can’t wait to be part of it. 【答案】1．an 2．to master 3．Importantly/More importantly 4．well/better 5．humans 6．has made 7．Moreover/Besides/Additionally 8．including 9．proud 10．of 【导语】本文以第一人称视角讲述了作者对太空探索的热爱起源，介绍了人类及中国在航天领域的重要成就，表达了作者想投身航天事业的梦想。 1．句意：我梦想成为一名宇航员，在星辰与行星之间飞行。此处表达“一名宇航员”，“astronaut”以元音音素/æ/开头，因此不定冠词用“an”。 2．句意：宇航员需要掌握多门学科，比如数学、物理和工程学。固定搭配“need to do sth.”表示“需要做某事”，因此“master”需变为不定式形式“to master”。 3．句意：（更）重要的是，在火星上发现水对于寻找生命和未来定居至关重要。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式作状语，形容词“important”对应的副词是“Importantly”，意为“重要的是”；也可以用“More importantly”，表示“更重要的是”。句首首字母需要大写。 4．句意：这些任务发回的数据帮助科学家很好地/更好地了解太阳系。句中“understand”需要用副词修饰，“good”对应的副词是“well”；并且句子有“比之前更深入了解”的比较意味，还可以用副词“well”的比较级“better”，表示“更好地”。 5．句意：当阿姆斯特朗和奥尔德林踏上月球时，这展示了人类在太空中能够实现的成就。此处表示“人类”这一整体概念，“human”是可数名词，需用复数形式“humans”。 6．句意：近年来，中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大进展。时间状语“In recent years”是现在完成时的标志，主语“China”为单数，因此用“has made”。 7．句意：此外，我们已经建成了自己的空间站——天宫。前文提到神舟系列，后文补充了中国的另一项航天成就，用“Moreover”或“Besides”或“Additionally”表示递进关系。 8．句意：天宫是一个多功能的科研平台，包括微重力物理学、生命科学和空间天文学的研究。此处用现在分词作伴随状语，补充说明空间站的研究内容，“include”需变为“including”。 9．句意：这项非凡的成就让我为自己的国家感到无比自豪。固定搭配“be proud of”表示“为……感到自豪”，名词“pride”对应的形容词是“proud”。 10．句意：太空探索的未来充满了可能性，我迫不及待想成为其中的一员。固定搭配“the future of…”表示“……的未来”，此处用介词“of”。 ( 1 / 10 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $