Unit 5 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 练习围绕“建筑”主题，采用“基础达标-能力提升-拓展培优-思维进阶”四层设计，实现从词汇记忆到语篇综合应用的递进，适配新授课知识巩固与语言能力、思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇（名词/动词/形容词）、短语|罗列词汇短语强化基础记忆，夯实语言能力基础| |能力提升|语篇填空、基础阅读理解|选词填空考查语境词汇应用，阅读训练信息提取能力| |拓展培优|深度阅读理解、补全对话|补全对话训练交际句型转换，阅读培养推理与批判性思维| |思维进阶|语法选择、阅读回答、语法填空|语法填空综合考查词法与句法，阅读回答提升信息整合与表达能力|

Unit5 Buildings 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 palace /ˈpæləs/ n.宫殿 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.朝代 axis /ˈæksɪs/ n.中轴线 hall /hɔːl/ n.大殿；厅堂 gate /ɡeɪt/ n.大门 garden /ˈɡɑːdn/ n.花园 court /kɔːt/ n.庭院 emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n.皇帝 symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n.象征 pillar /ˈpɪlə(r)/ n.柱子 roof /ruːf/ n.屋顶 tile /taɪl/ n.瓦片 architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ n.建筑；建筑学 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n.结构 nail /neɪl/ n.钉子 earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n.地震 block /blɒk/ n.构件；石块 spring /sprɪŋ/ n.弹簧 dragon /ˈdræɡən/ n.龙 pride /praɪd/ n.骄傲；自豪 step /step/ n.台阶 jade /dʒeɪd/ n.玉 floor /flɔː(r)/ n.地面；地板 craftsmanship /ˈkrɑːftsmənʃɪp/ n.工艺；技艺 collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n.藏品；收藏 wealth /welθ/ n.财富 2. 核心动词 complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v.完成 turn into 变成；改造为 construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v.建造；构筑 run off 流走；排出 stand up to 经受住；抵抗 act as 充当；起……作用 carve /kɑːv/ v.雕刻 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v.反射；反映 display /dɪˈspleɪ/ v.展示；陈列 record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v.记录 3. 核心形容词 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj.古代的 historic /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ adj.有历史意义的 largest /ˈlɑːdʒɪst/ adj.最大的 best‑kept adj.保存完好的 central /ˈsentrəl/ adj.中心的 northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj.北方的 southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj.南方的 special /ˈspeʃl/ adj.特别的 clean /kliːn/ adj.干净的 slippery /ˈslɪpəri/ adj.滑的 impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj.不可能的 wooden /ˈwʊdn/ adj.木制的 4. 核心形容词 smartly /ˈsmɑːtli/ adv.巧妙地 二、重点短语 1. historic building 历史建筑（文中：What do you know about this historic building?） 2. be turned into 被改造成为（文中：In 1925, it was turned into a public museum.） 3. central axis 中轴线（文中：The Palace Museum has a central axis） 4. on both sides 在两边（文中：with halls, palaces, gates and gardens on both sides） 5. Inner Court 内廷（文中：The northern part is the Inner Court） 6. Outer Court 外朝（文中：The southern area contains the Outer Court） 7. a symbol of power 权力的象征（文中：Yellow was a symbol of power, used only by the emperors.） 8. good luck and happiness 吉祥幸福（文中：a symbol of good luck and happiness） 9. roof designs 屋顶设计（文中：The buildings have special roof designs.） 10. run off easily 轻易流走（文中：different tile shapes let water run off easily） 11. stand up to the force of earthquakes 经受住地震的力量（文中：the buildings in the Palace Museum even stood up to the force of earthquakes.） 12. act like springs 起到弹簧的作用（文中：designed to act like springs） 13. be carved with 雕刻有……（文中：The stone steps are made of jade, carved with dragons.） 14. show the great craftsmanship 展现高超工艺（文中：The Palace Museum shows the great construction craftsmanship of Chinese people.） 一、选词填空 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词填空，使文章通顺完整。(每词限用一次，有一个多余选项) A．If   B．managed   C． Though   D．remains   E. difficult   F. waiting   G. used   H. also The pyramids (金字塔) have been lying on the lower west bank of the Nile for nearly 4, 000 years. They are not only the burial places for the pharaohs (法老) but 1 the treasure of all human beings. We call them jinzita because of their shape which looks like the Chinese character “jin”! Until now, there have still been plenty of mysteries 2 to be solved! The largest pyramid is the Pyramid of Khufu: 756 feet long on each side and 481 feet tall. There are about 2.3 million blocks (石块). How the ancient builders 3 to build such a large structure has never been fully answered, but the effort clearly required brains and brawn (体力). If 7-ton trucks are 4 to pick up all the blocks, we need about 978, 286 trucks! 5 there were enough workers, they couldn’t carry the heavy blocks. Some people think they might put the woody stick under the blocks as the wheel. But it needs a lot of wood. The number of trees can’t meet the requirement. Others hold an opinion that they used the water-transport (水上运输). However, with no tool to load (装载) or unload the blocks, it seems more 6 than the first idea. In fact, all the blocks must be carried from the east of the Nile. So the mystery 7 a mystery now! 【答案】1．H 2．F 3．B 4．G 5．C 6．E 7．D 【导语】本文介绍了金字塔的建筑规模与建造之谜，尽管有多种理论解释，但至今仍是个未解之谜。 【详解】1．句意：它们不仅是法老的埋葬地，也是全人类的宝藏。 not only... but also...是固定并列结构，意为“不但…… 而且……”，此处直接用原形also。 2．句意：直到现在，仍然有许多谜团等待被解开。 句子结构：there be+名词+doing，现在分词作后置定语；根据语境，mysteries（谜团）是等待被解开的；wait to be done意为“等待着被”，所以wait变为现在分词waiting。 3．句意：古代建造者如何成功建成如此巨大的结构从未得到完全解答。manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”，为固定搭配，符合语境。修建金字塔是远古过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，manage的过去式为managed。 4．句意：如果用7吨的卡车来运送所有的石块，大约需要978286辆卡车。根据语境，此处指卡车被用来运送石头，用use。trucks与use之间是被动关系，be used to do sth.意为“被用来做某事”，此处填过去分词used。 5．句意：虽然有足够的工人，但他们也无法搬运这些沉重的石块。前后句意存在转折/让步关系（有工人也无法搬运），备选词中只有Though符合，意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。 6．句意：然而，由于没有工具来装载或卸载这些石块，这似乎比第一个想法更难。more后接多音节形容词构成比较级，备选词中只有difficult为形容词，意为“困难的”，符合语境。 7．句意：所以这个谜团现在仍然是个谜！根据语境，此处表示“这个谜团依旧存在”，备选词中remains符合句意。主语the mystery是单数，且时间状语是now，谓语动词用一般现在时单三形式remains，意为“保持，仍然是”。 二、阅读理解 The Great Sphinx of Giza Most scientists agree the Great Sphinx of Giza (吉萨狮身人面像) was built around 2,500 B．C． But John Anthony West says that it’s much older. “If he’s right, everything anybody has learned about ancient civilizations(文明) would have to be completely revised,” he told a magazine. West, a writer and film-maker, first got interested in ancient history after studying the work of a French researcher. The researcher said Egyptian civilization could have developed as early as 30,000 years ago, rather than 4,500 years ago, as most experts believe. West joined a scientist to do research together. Their research suggested that the Sphinx had been worn down(磨损) over the years by water, rather than by sand and wind. Wait a minute? Water? How could that be? The Sphinx is in the Sahara Desert, which has been dry for 12,000 years! However, before that time, it was very green. If it’s true that water wore down the Sphinx, West thinks that it must have been built centuries earlier. Whether West is right or wrong, it’s important to challenge accepted ideas. That’s how science progresses. West gave some advice for kids: If you are interested in a topic, read everything you can on it. Do your own research. Don’t always believe everything your teachers tell you. Ask lots of questions, and find your own answers. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By telling stories. B．By making a report. C．By giving opinions. D．By making a survey. 2．Most scientists believed Egyptian civilization developed ________. A．4,500 years ago B．6,000 years ago C．12,000 years ago D．30,000 years ago 3．From West’s research, we can know the Sphinx was worn down by ________. A．sand B．water C．wind D．heat 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The place where West did his research. B．The period when the Sphinx was built C．The reason why West holds his opinion. D．The technology which was used to build the Sphinx. 5．Which of the following may the writer agree? A．Science progresses through giving different opinions. B．Egyptian civilization should be earlier than we thought. C．One should do some research before giving their opinions. D．Kids should ask lots of questions and believe what their teachers say. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文围绕学者John Anthony West对吉萨狮身人面像建造年代的颠覆性研究展开，介绍其依据石像水蚀痕迹提出石像建造时间远早于主流定论的观点，点明敢于质疑固有认知是科学进步的关键，并附上West给青少年的探索学习建议。 【详解】1．文章第一段首先陈述了大多数科学家的观点，接着转折提出了John Anthony West的不同观点。作者通过展示双方不同的观点来开启文章。 2．第二段最后一句“rather than 4,500 years ago, as most experts believe”点明，大多数专家认为埃及文明发展于4500年前。 3．第三段第二句“Their research suggested that the Sphinx had been worn down over the years by water...”点明，West的研究表明狮身人面像是多年来被水磨损的。 4．第四段通过解释撒哈拉沙漠曾经是多雨的绿色地带，论证了如果是水磨损了狮身人面像，那么它一定建造得更早。这段主要阐述了West持有其观点的理由和依据。 5．第五段“Whether West is right or wrong, it’s important to challenge accepted ideas. That’s how science progresses.”点明，作者认为挑战公认的观点是科学进步的方式。 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Student (S) talks with a peer counsellor (C) about the Palace Museum. S: The Palace Museum was completed in the Ming dynasty. 1. ________________________________________?（一般疑问句，考查一般过去时） C: Yes, and it was turned into a public museum in 1925. S: Yellow was used only by emperors in ancient China. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线时间状语 “in ancient China” 提问） C: Yellow stood for power when emperors ruled the country in ancient China. S: Could the wooden buildings in the Palace Museum stand up to earthquakes? C: 3. ________________________.（肯定回答） The special block structures act like springs to protect buildings. S: The Palace Museum shows us great Chinese craftsmanship. 4. ___________________________________.（高级同义替换，原短语：show and value the skill of ancient Chinese workers） 【答案及解析】 1. Did the Palace Museum become a public museum hundreds of years after its completion 解析：事件发生在过去，一般过去时一般疑问句，Did提前，谓语还原；提取课文细节completed、public museum。 2. When was yellow only used by Chinese emperors 解析：对时间状语in ancient China提问用When；一般过去时被动语态。 3. Yes, they absolutely could. 解析：Could引导问句，完整肯定回答，absolutely增强语气。 4. display and treasure the craftsmanship of ancient Chinese people 解析：show同义替换display；value替换为treasure；直接复用课文核心名词craftsmanship。 练习 2 Situation: Two classmates discuss the Palace Museum’s special designs A: The Palace Museum has a well‑designed central axis. 1. ________________________________________?（一般过去时一般疑问句） B: Yes, halls and palaces lie on both sides of this central axis. A: Birds cannot land on the roof tiles because the tiles are clean and slippery. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “because the tiles are clean and slippery” 提问） B: That is why birds are impossible to land on the roof tiles of the buildings. A: Can we learn Chinese culture from the collections in the Palace Museum? B: 3. ________________________________________.（肯定回答） Its collections record thousands of years of Chinese history. A: Dragons on stone steps are an important symbol of power and pride. B: Exactly. Why not look at these carvings to feel ancient Chinese culture? 4. ________________________________________.（同义替换提建议句型） A: I agree. It’s a pity that we cannot visit every hall in one trip. B: What a pity! 5. ________________________________________.（感叹句改写宾语从句） 【答案及解析】 1. Did the designers build the Palace Museum with a special central axis 解析：讲述古代建造，一般过去时一般疑问句，Did开头，结合课文central axis原文信息。 2. Why can’t birds land on the roof tiles of the Palace Museum 解析：对原因状语提问用Why；保留情态动词can’t，贴合课文原句语义。 3. Yes, they surely can. 解析：Can引导疑问句，完整肯定回答，副词surely加强语气。 4. How about appreciating these carvings to experience ancient Chinese culture 解析：替换Why not，使用How about doing；look at升级为appreciate，feel替换为experience。 5. I think it is a pity that we cannot visit every hall in one trip 解析：主句I think，that引导宾语从句，完成感叹句向宾语从句改写。 四、语法选择 The Elizabeth Tower was called Big Ben before. There is a huge clock on a tall clock tower. It is in London, England. The clock is as 1 as two elephants. The tower and the clock are important parts of the Palace of Westminster. The Palace of Westminster has several buildings. The oldest building is Westminster Hall 2 the hall is more than nine hundred years old. A fire in 1834 burned most of the Palace of Westminster. People spent many years and a lot of money 3 the new palace. 4 visitors from all over the world usually climb up the Elizabeth Tower and see the clock because they 5 get a great view of London and see how the clock works there. Everyone can take pictures of the clock tower from outside. The great clock has chimed（报时） 6 every hour for over 160 years. People take good 7 of it. They clean the clock face every five years 8 soap and water. In 2017, the clock fell 9 for its four-year restoration（修复）, to protect the hearing of workers in this project. To celebrate New Year 2020, 12,000 fireworks were set to light up the sky and the clock chimed in the first seconds of 2020. A lot of people came here to see 10 firework show. The Elizabeth Tower looked wonderful and became the focus（焦点）of London during that time. 1．A．heavily B．heavier C．heavy D．heaviest 2．A．if B．although C．so D．because 3．A．build B．building C．builds D．built 4．A．Million B．Millions C．Millions of D．millions of 5．A．must B．should C．can D．need 6．A．nearly B．near C．nearer D．nearest 7．A．care B．cares C．careful D．carefully 8．A．by B．with C．in D．on 9．A．silence B．silences C．silently D．silent 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了英国伦敦的大本钟。 【详解】1．句意：那个钟和两头大象一样重。 heavily重地，副词；heavier更重的，形容词比较级；heavy重的，形容词原级；heaviest最重的，形容词最高级。根据“is as…as two elephants”可知，此处应用形容词原级heavy，表示“和……一样重”。故选C。 2．句意：最古老的建筑是威斯敏斯特大厅，因为该大厅已有九百多年的历史。 if如果；although尽管，虽然；so因此；because因为。根据“the hall is more than nine hundred years old”可知，因为大厅有九百多年的历史了，因此它是最古老的建筑。故选D。 3．句意：人们花了很多年的时间和大量的金钱来建造这座新宫殿。 build建造，动词原形；building建造，动名词或现在分词；builds建造，动词build的三单形式；built建造，过去式或过去分词。根据“spent many years and a lot of money”可知此处应用动词短语spend some time/money doing sth.表示“花费……（时间或金钱）做某事”，动词build的动名词为building。故选B。 4．句意：来自世界各地的数以百万计的游客通常会爬上伊丽莎白塔观看时钟，因为他们可以欣赏到伦敦的美景，并了解时钟在那里的工作原理。 Million百万；Millions几百万；Millions of数以百万计的；millions of数以百万计的。visitors为复数名词，此处应用millions of修饰名词visitors，泛指“数以百万计的游客”，位于句首，首字母要大写。故选C。 5．句意：来自世界各地的数以百万计的游客通常会爬上伊丽莎白塔观看时钟，因为他们可以欣赏到伦敦的美景，并了解时钟在那里的工作原理。 must必须；should应该；can可以；need需要。根据“climb up the Elizabeth Tower”可知，爬上塔楼才能欣赏美景，了解时钟的工作原理 ，应用情态动词can表示“可以”。故选C。 6．句意：160多年来，这座大钟几乎每小时都在报时。 nearly几乎，副词；near近的，形容词原级；nearer更近的，形容词比较级；nearest最近的，形容词最高级。根据“chimed”可知此处应用副词nearly修饰动词chimed。故选A。 7．句意：人们把它照顾得很好。 care护理，名词或动词原形；cares护理，动词care的三单形式；careful小心的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词。动词短语take good care of sth表示“把某物照顾得很好”。故选A。 8．句意：他们每五年用肥皂和水清洗一次钟面。 by通过；with用；in在……里面；on在……上面。根据“soap and water”可知是用肥皂和水清洗钟面，应用介词with表示使用工具。故选B。 9．句意：2017年，为了保护修复项目工人的听力，该钟因四年的修复而沉寂。 silence沉默，名词；silences使安静，动词silence的三单形式；silently沉默地，副词；silent寂静的、沉默的，形容词。fell为连系动词，后接形容词silent作表语。故选D。 10．句意：很多人来这里看烟火表演。 a一，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；/不用冠词。根据“To celebrate New Year 2020, 12,000 fireworks were set to light up the sky and the clock chimed in the first seconds of 2020.”可知此处应用定冠词the来特指上文提到的“fireworks”。故选C。 五、阅读回答问题 Imagine waiting for your flight and stepping into a museum. You heard that right. It is now possible in Xi’an. The West Airport Museum in Xianyang International Airport is the world’s first on-site museum within an airport. The museum covers 6,400 square meters. It looks like a Tang Dynasty building from outside. Many of the treasures in its main exhibition (展览) hall were dug up in the airport’s building. These items were from different times in ancient China. They can tell us stories about the rich history of Xi’an. The museum also has a special room to show the history and culture of Shaanxi. Every six months, one amazing item is picked for display in this room. The first item on show is the “Qin Gong Bell (秦公镈).” The large musical instrument from over 2,700 years ago has 135 tiny words carved (雕刻) on it. They help us learn more about the Qin state and its rulers. In the future, the museum plans to use VR and AR technologies (技术) to offer a better experience. People will feel like they are traveling back to ancient Chang’an. 回答下面问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．Where is the West Airport Museum? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How large is the museum? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What can the treasures in the main hall tell us? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．How often does the special room change its display? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．Why will the museum use VR and AR technologies in the future? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．In Xianyang International Airport. /In/Within an airport in Xi’an. 2．(It is/covers) 6,400 square meters. 3．Stories about the history of Xi’an./(Stories about) Xi’an’s rich history. 4．Every six months. 5．To offer a better experience. 【导语】本文介绍了位于西安咸阳国际机场的西部机场博物馆，这是世界上首个机场内的博物馆，介绍了其面积、展品及未来规划。 【详解】1．第一段提到西部机场博物馆位于西安咸阳国际机场“in Xianyang International Airport”，答案是原文直接信息。 2．第二段提到博物馆占地6400平方米“covers 6,400 square meters”，答案是原文直接信息。 3．第二段提到主展厅的珍宝可以讲述西安丰富的历史故事“tell us stories about the rich history of Xi’an”，答案是原文直接信息。 4．第三段提到特殊展厅每六个月更换一次展品“Every six months, one amazing item is picked for display”，答案是原文直接信息。 5．最后一段提到博物馆计划使用VR和AR技术是为了提供更好的体验“to offer a better experience”，答案是原文直接信息。 六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Anyang, Henan Province, there is 1 special museum—the National Museum of Chinese Writing (中国文字博物馆). It 2 (show) the history of Chinese writing. There are five main 3 (hall) in the museum. Now let’s take a quick look at each hall. When did Chinese writing first appear? What did it look like thousands of years ago? In the 4 (one) hall, we can find the answers 5 learning about the story of Cang Jie, the inventor of Chinese 6 (write). How did ancient people record writing? Let’s go to the second and third halls and find the answer together. As time went by, people used different objects such as bamboo, wood and stones 7 (record) writing. Chinese writing has different writing styles, such as zhuan shu, kai shu and xing shu. There are many famous writing works on show in the fourth hall. How many ways of printing were there in Chinese history? Step into the fifth hall and we will have a better and clearer understanding of the question. We can also find information 8 (quick) about paper-making here. Chinese writing is beautiful and stands for Chinese culture. Whether you are a student 9 a culture lover, a visit to the National Museum of Chinese Writing will certainly bring 10 (you) a lot of knowledge and joy. Why not pay a visit to this wonderful museum to know more about it? 【答案】1．a 2．shows 3．halls 4．first 5．by 6．writing 7．to record 8．quickly 9．or 10．you 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了位于河南省安阳市的中国文字博物馆及其五个主要展厅的内容。 【详解】1．句意：在河南省安阳市，有一个特别的博物馆——中国文字博物馆。此处泛指“一个”特别的博物馆，且special发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2．句意：它展示了中国文字的历史。此处陈述客观事实，句子应用一般现在时；主语It为第三人称单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式。 3．句意：博物馆里有五个主要的展厅。根据空前的five可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式。 4．句意：在第一展厅，我们可以通过了解汉字发明者仓颉的故事来找到答案。根据空前的定冠词the和语境可知，此处表示“第一”，应用one的序数词形式。 5．句意：在第一展厅，我们可以通过了解汉字发明者仓颉的故事来找到答案。根据语境可知，此处表示“通过……方式”，后接动名词learning，应用介词by。 6．句意：在第一展厅，我们可以通过了解汉字发明者仓颉的故事来找到答案。Chinese writing意为“中国文字/汉字”，此处应用write的名词形式。 7．句意：随着时间的推移，人们使用不同的物体，如竹子、木头和石头来记录文字。use sth. to do sth.意为“使用某物做某事”，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。 8．句意：我们也可以在这里快速地找到关于造纸术的信息。此处修饰动词find，应用quick的副词形式。故填quickly。 9．句意：无论你是一个学生还是一个文化爱好者，参观中国文字博物馆肯定会给你带来很多知识和快乐。whether... or...意为“无论……还是……”，为固定搭配连词。 10．句意：无论你是一个学生还是一个文化爱好者，参观中国文字博物馆肯定会给你带来很多知识和快乐。bring sb. sth.意为“给某人带来某物”，动词bring后应用代词的宾格形式作宾语，you的宾格仍为you。 $Unit5 Buildings 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 palace /ˈpæləs/ n.宫殿 dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n.朝代 axis /ˈæksɪs/ n.中轴线 hall /hɔːl/ n.大殿；厅堂 gate /ɡeɪt/ n.大门 garden /ˈɡɑːdn/ n.花园 court /kɔːt/ n.庭院 emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n.皇帝 symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n.象征 pillar /ˈpɪlə(r)/ n.柱子 roof /ruːf/ n.屋顶 tile /taɪl/ n.瓦片 architecture /ˈɑːkɪtektʃə(r)/ n.建筑；建筑学 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n.结构 nail /neɪl/ n.钉子 earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n.地震 block /blɒk/ n.构件；石块 spring /sprɪŋ/ n.弹簧 dragon /ˈdræɡən/ n.龙 pride /praɪd/ n.骄傲；自豪 step /step/ n.台阶 jade /dʒeɪd/ n.玉 floor /flɔː(r)/ n.地面；地板 craftsmanship /ˈkrɑːftsmənʃɪp/ n.工艺；技艺 collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n.藏品；收藏 wealth /welθ/ n.财富 2. 核心动词 complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v.完成 turn into 变成；改造为 construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v.建造；构筑 run off 流走；排出 stand up to 经受住；抵抗 act as 充当；起……作用 carve /kɑːv/ v.雕刻 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v.反射；反映 display /dɪˈspleɪ/ v.展示；陈列 record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v.记录 3. 核心形容词 ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj.古代的 historic /hɪˈstɒrɪk/ adj.有历史意义的 largest /ˈlɑːdʒɪst/ adj.最大的 best‑kept adj.保存完好的 central /ˈsentrəl/ adj.中心的 northern /ˈnɔːðən/ adj.北方的 southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj.南方的 special /ˈspeʃl/ adj.特别的 clean /kliːn/ adj.干净的 slippery /ˈslɪpəri/ adj.滑的 impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj.不可能的 wooden /ˈwʊdn/ adj.木制的 4. 核心形容词 smartly /ˈsmɑːtli/ adv.巧妙地 二、重点短语 1. historic building 历史建筑（文中：What do you know about this historic building?） 2. be turned into 被改造成为（文中：In 1925, it was turned into a public museum.） 3. central axis 中轴线（文中：The Palace Museum has a central axis） 4. on both sides 在两边（文中：with halls, palaces, gates and gardens on both sides） 5. Inner Court 内廷（文中：The northern part is the Inner Court） 6. Outer Court 外朝（文中：The southern area contains the Outer Court） 7. a symbol of power 权力的象征（文中：Yellow was a symbol of power, used only by the emperors.） 8. good luck and happiness 吉祥幸福（文中：a symbol of good luck and happiness） 9. roof designs 屋顶设计（文中：The buildings have special roof designs.） 10. run off easily 轻易流走（文中：different tile shapes let water run off easily） 11. stand up to the force of earthquakes 经受住地震的力量（文中：the buildings in the Palace Museum even stood up to the force of earthquakes.） 12. act like springs 起到弹簧的作用（文中：designed to act like springs） 13. be carved with 雕刻有……（文中：The stone steps are made of jade, carved with dragons.） 14. show the great craftsmanship 展现高超工艺（文中：The Palace Museum shows the great construction craftsmanship of Chinese people.） 一、选词填空 根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词填空，使文章通顺完整。(每词限用一次，有一个多余选项) A．If   B．managed   C． Though   D．remains   E. difficult   F. waiting   G. used   H. also The pyramids (金字塔) have been lying on the lower west bank of the Nile for nearly 4, 000 years. They are not only the burial places for the pharaohs (法老) but 1 the treasure of all human beings. We call them jinzita because of their shape which looks like the Chinese character “jin”! Until now, there have still been plenty of mysteries 2 to be solved! The largest pyramid is the Pyramid of Khufu: 756 feet long on each side and 481 feet tall. There are about 2.3 million blocks (石块). How the ancient builders 3 to build such a large structure has never been fully answered, but the effort clearly required brains and brawn (体力). If 7-ton trucks are 4 to pick up all the blocks, we need about 978, 286 trucks! 5 there were enough workers, they couldn’t carry the heavy blocks. Some people think they might put the woody stick under the blocks as the wheel. But it needs a lot of wood. The number of trees can’t meet the requirement. Others hold an opinion that they used the water-transport (水上运输). However, with no tool to load (装载) or unload the blocks, it seems more 6 than the first idea. In fact, all the blocks must be carried from the east of the Nile. So the mystery 7 a mystery now! 二、阅读理解 The Great Sphinx of Giza Most scientists agree the Great Sphinx of Giza (吉萨狮身人面像) was built around 2,500 B．C． But John Anthony West says that it’s much older. “If he’s right, everything anybody has learned about ancient civilizations(文明) would have to be completely revised,” he told a magazine. West, a writer and film-maker, first got interested in ancient history after studying the work of a French researcher. The researcher said Egyptian civilization could have developed as early as 30,000 years ago, rather than 4,500 years ago, as most experts believe. West joined a scientist to do research together. Their research suggested that the Sphinx had been worn down(磨损) over the years by water, rather than by sand and wind. Wait a minute? Water? How could that be? The Sphinx is in the Sahara Desert, which has been dry for 12,000 years! However, before that time, it was very green. If it’s true that water wore down the Sphinx, West thinks that it must have been built centuries earlier. Whether West is right or wrong, it’s important to challenge accepted ideas. That’s how science progresses. West gave some advice for kids: If you are interested in a topic, read everything you can on it. Do your own research. Don’t always believe everything your teachers tell you. Ask lots of questions, and find your own answers. 1．How does the writer begin the passage? A．By telling stories. B．By making a report. C．By giving opinions. D．By making a survey. 2．Most scientists believed Egyptian civilization developed ________. A．4,500 years ago B．6,000 years ago C．12,000 years ago D．30,000 years ago 3．From West’s research, we can know the Sphinx was worn down by ________. A．sand B．water C．wind D．heat 4．What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about? A．The place where West did his research. B．The period when the Sphinx was built C．The reason why West holds his opinion. D．The technology which was used to build the Sphinx. 5．Which of the following may the writer agree? A．Science progresses through giving different opinions. B．Egyptian civilization should be earlier than we thought. C．One should do some research before giving their opinions. D．Kids should ask lots of questions and believe what their teachers say. 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Student (S) talks with a peer counsellor (C) about the Palace Museum. S: The Palace Museum was completed in the Ming dynasty. 1. ________________________________________?（一般疑问句，考查一般过去时） C: Yes, and it was turned into a public museum in 1925. S: Yellow was used only by emperors in ancient China. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线时间状语 “in ancient China” 提问） C: Yellow stood for power when emperors ruled the country in ancient China. S: Could the wooden buildings in the Palace Museum stand up to earthquakes? C: 3. ________________________.（肯定回答） The special block structures act like springs to protect buildings. S: The Palace Museum shows us great Chinese craftsmanship. 4. ___________________________________.（高级同义替换，原短语：show and value the skill of ancient Chinese workers） 练习 2 Situation: Two classmates discuss the Palace Museum’s special designs A: The Palace Museum has a well‑designed central axis. 1. ________________________________________?（一般过去时一般疑问句） B: Yes, halls and palaces lie on both sides of this central axis. A: Birds cannot land on the roof tiles because the tiles are clean and slippery. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “because the tiles are clean and slippery” 提问） B: That is why birds are impossible to land on the roof tiles of the buildings. A: Can we learn Chinese culture from the collections in the Palace Museum? B: 3. ________________________________________.（肯定回答） Its collections record thousands of years of Chinese history. A: Dragons on stone steps are an important symbol of power and pride. B: Exactly. Why not look at these carvings to feel ancient Chinese culture? 4. ________________________________________.（同义替换提建议句型） A: I agree. It’s a pity that we cannot visit every hall in one trip. B: What a pity! 5. ________________________________________.（感叹句改写宾语从句） 四、语法选择 The Elizabeth Tower was called Big Ben before. There is a huge clock on a tall clock tower. It is in London, England. The clock is as 1 as two elephants. The tower and the clock are important parts of the Palace of Westminster. The Palace of Westminster has several buildings. The oldest building is Westminster Hall 2 the hall is more than nine hundred years old. A fire in 1834 burned most of the Palace of Westminster. People spent many years and a lot of money 3 the new palace. 4 visitors from all over the world usually climb up the Elizabeth Tower and see the clock because they 5 get a great view of London and see how the clock works there. Everyone can take pictures of the clock tower from outside. The great clock has chimed（报时） 6 every hour for over 160 years. People take good 7 of it. They clean the clock face every five years 8 soap and water. In 2017, the clock fell 9 for its four-year restoration（修复）, to protect the hearing of workers in this project. To celebrate New Year 2020, 12,000 fireworks were set to light up the sky and the clock chimed in the first seconds of 2020. A lot of people came here to see 10 firework show. The Elizabeth Tower looked wonderful and became the focus（焦点）of London during that time. 1．A．heavily B．heavier C．heavy D．heaviest 2．A．if B．although C．so D．because 3．A．build B．building C．builds D．built 4．A．Million B．Millions C．Millions of D．millions of 5．A．must B．should C．can D．need 6．A．nearly B．near C．nearer D．nearest 7．A．care B．cares C．careful D．carefully 8．A．by B．with C．in D．on 9．A．silence B．silences C．silently D．silent 10．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 五、阅读回答问题 Imagine waiting for your flight and stepping into a museum. You heard that right. It is now possible in Xi’an. The West Airport Museum in Xianyang International Airport is the world’s first on-site museum within an airport. The museum covers 6,400 square meters. It looks like a Tang Dynasty building from outside. Many of the treasures in its main exhibition (展览) hall were dug up in the airport’s building. These items were from different times in ancient China. They can tell us stories about the rich history of Xi’an. The museum also has a special room to show the history and culture of Shaanxi. Every six months, one amazing item is picked for display in this room. The first item on show is the “Qin Gong Bell (秦公镈).” The large musical instrument from over 2,700 years ago has 135 tiny words carved (雕刻) on it. They help us learn more about the Qin state and its rulers. In the future, the museum plans to use VR and AR technologies (技术) to offer a better experience. People will feel like they are traveling back to ancient Chang’an. 回答下面问题，每题答案不超过6个词。 1．Where is the West Airport Museum? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．How large is the museum? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What can the treasures in the main hall tell us? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．How often does the special room change its display? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．Why will the museum use VR and AR technologies in the future? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In Anyang, Henan Province, there is 1 special museum—the National Museum of Chinese Writing (中国文字博物馆). It 2 (show) the history of Chinese writing. There are five main 3 (hall) in the museum. Now let’s take a quick look at each hall. When did Chinese writing first appear? What did it look like thousands of years ago? In the 4 (one) hall, we can find the answers 5 learning about the story of Cang Jie, the inventor of Chinese 6 (write). How did ancient people record writing? Let’s go to the second and third halls and find the answer together. As time went by, people used different objects such as bamboo, wood and stones 7 (record) writing. Chinese writing has different writing styles, such as zhuan shu, kai shu and xing shu. There are many famous writing works on show in the fourth hall. How many ways of printing were there in Chinese history? Step into the fifth hall and we will have a better and clearer understanding of the question. We can also find information 8 (quick) about paper-making here. Chinese writing is beautiful and stands for Chinese culture. Whether you are a student 9 a culture lover, a visit to the National Museum of Chinese Writing will certainly bring 10 (you) a lot of knowledge and joy. Why not pay a visit to this wonderful museum to know more about it? $