Unit 6 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级上册

**基本信息** 本练习围绕“Pollution”主题，采用“基础达标-能力提升-拓展培优-思维进阶”四层设计，通过词汇速记、语篇应用到综合探究的路径，强化语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础达标|核心词汇（名词/动词/形容词）、重点短语|以词汇列表和短语搭配形式夯实基础，强化语言能力的基础积累| |能力提升|词汇语篇运用、基础阅读技能|通过选词填空（如香港光污染文本）和阅读理解题，实现单一知识点到语篇应用的过渡| |拓展培优|情境交际、跨学科环保主题阅读|结合环保行为调查（如绿色生活问卷）和补全对话，提升语言运用灵活性，渗透文化意识中的环保理念| |思维进阶|语法综合运用（时态/语态）、深度阅读与开放表达|通过语法选择（如服装垃圾语篇）和开放问答（如保护植物方法），培养分析解决问题的思维品质|

Unit 6 Pollution 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 pollution /pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染 plastic /ˈplæstɪk/n. 塑料 waste /weɪst/ n.废弃物 ton /tʌn/ n.吨 ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ n.海洋 animal /ˈænɪml/ n.动物 bird /bɜːd/ n.鸟类 risk /rɪsk/ n.风险 piece /piːs/ n.碎片；小块 beach /biːtʃ/ n.海滩 engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ n.工程学 vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ n.装置；运载工具 camera /ˈkæmərə/ n.摄像头 light /laɪt/ n.光线 sand /sænd/ n.沙子 shape /ʃeɪp/ n.形状 expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n.专家 workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n.研习会；讲习班 passion /ˈpæʃn/ n.热爱；激情 problem /ˈprɒbləm/ n.难题 effort /ˈefət/ n.努力 solution /səˈluːʃn/n. 解决办法 2. 核心动词 break down 分解 throw /θrəʊ/ v.丢弃；扔 realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ v.意识到 die /daɪ/ v.死亡 increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v.增加 clean up 清理 build /bɪld/ v.建造 locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ v.定位 send /send/ v.传送；发送 attend /əˈtend/ v.参加 pick up 习得；捡起 fail /feɪl/ v.失败 give up 放弃 test /test/ v.测试 blossom /ˈblɒsəm/ v.蓬勃发展；绽放 believe /bɪˈliːv/ v.相信 make a difference 产生影响 spread /spred/ v.传播 solve /sɒlv/v. 解决 3. 核心形容词 tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adj.微小的 impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj.不可能的 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj.有害的 natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ adj.自然界的；天然的 remotely‑operated adj.远程操控的 unatural /ˌʌnˈnætʃrəl/ adj.不自然的 necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj.必要的 amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj.令人惊叹的 public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj.公开的；公共的 early /ˈɜːli/ adj.早期的 big /bɪɡ/ adj.巨大的 little /ˈlɪtl/ adj.微小的 二、重点短语 1. break down naturally 自然降解（文中：How long do you think it takes for different items of waste to break down naturally?） 2. hundreds of 成百上千的（文中：there were hundreds of tiny pieces of plastic） 3. millions of 数百万的（文中：Millions of ocean animals and birds die every year） 4. because of 因为（文中：die every year because of this plastic waste） 5. be aware of 意识到（文中：a lot of people aren’t aware of how harmful they can be） 6. be set on doing sth. 决心做某事（文中：Sophie… is set on helping the natural world through her engineering.） 7. remotely‑operated vehicle (ROV) 远程操控装置（文中：a remotely‑operated vehicle (ROV)） 8. stand out from 从……中凸显出来（文中：make plastic stand out from the sand and plant life） 9. pick up skills 习得技能（文中：and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her robot） 10. give up trying and testing 放弃尝试与测试（文中：She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.） 11. from a very young age 从小（文中：and so from a very young age I’ve always had connection with the ocean） 12. make a difference 起到作用；产生影响（文中：Sophie believes everyone can make a difference in their own way） 13. spread the word about 传播关于……的消息（文中：We can spread the word about the problem） 14. every little thing helps 点滴皆有用；小事也有帮助（文末原句） 一、选词填空 Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once.（选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词， 每词只能填一次，每题只有一个正确选项。） A．citizens         B．worst         C． strong     D．larger     E. relatives The night sky in Tsim Sha Tsui is one thousand times brighter than a dark sky, according to a study carried out by The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong has the 1 light pollution in the world. Since there are no laws about outdoor lighting in Hong Kong, our city is lit more brilliantly at night than 2 cities such as London or Sidney. Because of the bright lights, Hong Kong 3 sleep less well, so their health is harmed. Fortunately there are solutions to the problem of light pollution. Firstly, business could use lights that are less bright. Some LED lights would be less 4 than the ones used now. In fact, many cities use LED lights for outdoor lighting. A．reduce     B．turn off         C． pass         D．though     E. so that Another solution is to 5 laws that control outdoor lighting. However, this solution might be harder because it would need the cooperation of government and businesses. Lastly, individuals can help. We can 6 lights that we are not using. In addition, we should be more aware of how our lighting affects others. For instance, we should close our curtains as tightly as we can 7 our home lights do not keep our neighbours awake. In short, there are things that the government, businesses and individuals can do to 8 light pollution. No one should sleep under bright lights. Therefore, we must try to make our city less bright at night. 二、阅读理解 Green life, start from us! Are you a person who cares for the environment? Test yourself! Sex:                         Your age: __________ 1. Do you turn off the water tap ( ) when you brush your teeth?🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 2. Do you take a bath () instead of taking a quick shower?🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 3. Do you turn off the light when you are away for a short time? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 4. Do you use the air-conditioner () when it is not very hot?🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 5. Do you empty your plate when having dinner? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 6. Do you use one-off chopsticks when eating out? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 7. Do you use public transportation like buses or subways when going out? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 8. Do you use reusable bags when shopping? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never Results: 😊Mostly 🖤: Congratulations! You’re a person who truly cares for the environment. You know how to protect the environment. Great! 😐Mostly ♣️ You are a person who cares for the environment most of the time, but you could be better! Think carefully and improve yourself. 😢Mostly ◆ You know a little about environmental protection. Learn more and begin from now. 🙁Mostly ♠️: Oh, dear! You have no idea of environmental protection. What you need is to learn, or you may get into trouble one day. 1．Where is this survey probably from? A．A website. B．A poster. C．A book. D．A newspaper. 2．What information does this survey include? A．Age, job and suggestions. B．Address, questions and answers. C．Name, questions and suggestions. D．Questions, answers and suggestions. 3．If Sam chooses ♦ mostly, what do you think of him according to the survey? A．He does well in environmental protection. B．He doesn’t care about the environment at all. C．He often does properly and wisely to protect the environment. D．He needs to learn more and do better in environmental protection. 4．Which of the following things are mentioned (提到) in the survey? ①Taking a quick shower.     ②Going to school by bike. ③Bringing a bag for shopping.     ④Using second-hand things. ⑤Carrying a bottle instead of using a paper cup. A．①② B．①③ C．②⑤ D．③④ 5．What is the purpose of the survey? A．To tell people how to protect the environment. B．To share some helpful ways to live a green life. C．To call on people to protect the environment. D．To help people know the advantages of a green life. 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Student (S) talks with a peer counsellor (C) about Sophie and plastic pollution. S: Sophie noticed lots of tiny plastic pieces on the beach. 1. ________________________________________?（一般疑问句，考查一般过去时） C: Yes, and she realised she could not pick all of them up by herself. S: Millions of sea animals die every year. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “because of plastic waste” 提问） C: Millions of sea animals lose their lives every year because of plastic waste in oceans. S: Could Sophie’s ROV locate plastic under the sea? C: 3. ________________________.（肯定回答） It finds plastic by its special colours and shapes. S: Everyone can do something small to fight against plastic pollution. 4. ___________________________________.（高级同义替换，原短语：do small things and refuse to give up helping the ocean） 练习 2 Situation: Two classmates discuss Sophie’s story of fighting plastic pollution A: Sophie picked up engineering skills to build her underwater robot. 1. ________________________________________?（一般过去时一般疑问句） B: Yes, though she failed many times, she never gave up testing her robot. A: Sophie’s passion for the environment grew because she lived close to the ocean. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “because she lived close to the ocean” 提问） B: Her love for the environment blossomed as she lived right next to the ocean. A: Can ordinary people make a difference to solve plastic pollution? B: 3. ________________________________________.（肯定回答） Every little thing people do helps a lot. A: We can spread the word and clean beaches to reduce ocean plastic pollution. B: Exactly. Why not take action to protect our ocean from pollution? 4. ________________________________________.（同义替换提建议句型） A: I agree. It’s a shame that we cannot clear all ocean plastic in a short time. B: What a shame! 5. ________________________________________.（感叹句改写宾语从句） 四、语法选择 What do you do with clothes you don’t want to wear anymore? You may donate them or give them to other people. What happens next? Where 1 ? It’s reported that 92 million tons of clothes end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) every year. This means that every second a truck full of clothes 2 at a landfill. 3 , the beaches of Ghana, a country in West Africa, are among these places. Now, the beaches 4 covered with clothing waste. People from all over the world donate clothes to charity. However, charity shops only sell up to 20 percent of donated clothes. The unsold clothes 5 in large bags and travel to other countries to be sold again or for waste disposal (处理). The Kantamanto market in Ghana, is one of the world’s 6 secondhand clothing markets. Every week, 7 pieces of clothes arrive at Kantamanto. But only about 60 percent of them are sold there. The others usually leave the market as waste. Workers either burn the waste or put 8 underground. However, the country is near the sea. 9 there’s not enough space for landfills. This is why a lot of clothing waste ends up on the beach. As it goes into the sea, fish and other sea life are in 10 danger. Sea turtles can’t get to the land, and fish can’t grow because they may get caught in the clothes. 1．A．did these clothes end up B．these clothes ended up C．do these clothes end up D．these clothes end up 2．A．arrives B．arrive C．arrived D．have arrived 3．A．Sad B．Sadly C．Luck D．Luckily 4．A．am B．is C．are D．be 5．A．is put B．are put C．was put D．were put 6．A．smaller B．smallest C．larger D．largest 7．A．20 million B．20 millions C．20 million of D．20 millions of 8．A．it B．them C．him D．her 9．A．Though B．But C．Until D．So 10．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 五、阅读回答问题 Cole loved helping in his mother’s garden since he was a child. But after he finished school, he worked as a salesman in a shopping center for thirty years. “Everything changed in 2016,” Cole said. That year, Cole’s mum, a flower-lover, moved in with him and his wife. She was shocked by so much litter on the street. “Why are there so many rubbish bags and empty bottles on this street?” she asked. She pointed at the dry tree pits (坑) outside their house and said, “Let’s plant some roses from our old garden here!” Mum and Cole began to work. They moved young rose plants into six tree pits. Guess what? The plants grew really well! To their surprise, there was no more litter around. “That was great! I realized that I could change something, rather than just sitting at home,” said Cole. In the following year, Cole created different gardens in six tree pits along the street. People up and down the street stopped to ask, “Who planted these flowers? They’re so beautiful!” and strangers turned into friends. Kids offered to water the plants. The next spring, the city used the strong grass killer on the whole street to kill wild grass. Days later, all the plants turned brown. Cole stood in front of the dead flowers, heartbroken. Then Aunt Mary from next door walked over with some seeds. “I have some flower seeds. Let’s start again!” The news spread. Tom brought young rose plants. Lisa brought sunflower seeds. Even Mr. Smith, the serious banker, gave strawberry vines from his garden. Soon, fifteen tree pits were full of colourful plants. A group of neighbours helped look after them. The experience led Cole to begin his “City Garden Project”. The project has turned over twenty parking lot corners into wildflower beds. Whenever he sees kids watching bees in the flower beds, he remembers his mum’s words: “No big heroes are needed to change the world.” 1．Why did Cole’s mum suggest planting roses? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Did the flowers Cole had planted die after the city used the grass killer? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What experience led Cole to start his “City Garden Project”? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does “No big heroes are needed to change the world.” mean in the story? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．How did Cole’s mum influence his “City Garden Project”? (2 points) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．If you were Cole, what would be your ways to protect the plants from the city’s grass killer? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There was once a large bottle of fresh, clean water. Every drop in the bottle took 1 (proud) in being so clear and pure (纯净的). But one day, one of the 2 (drop) got bored. He would like to see what it would be like to be a dirty drop. The other drops tried to talk him out of the idea, but failed. When the drop came back all dirty, all the other drops in the bottle were influenced and changed into dirty drops, too. Several months later, someone put the bottle in a pool. A lot of clean water entered the large bottle, and the drops 3 (final) made themselves pure again. Now the drops reach 4 agreement that if they want to be clean, then each of them will have to stay clean. 5 (correct) the mistake of even one single drop needs much hard work. In a way, this bottle of water is similar 6 the situation on the Earth. If we want to live on a clean planet, it’s necessary for each of 7 (we) to be a “clean drop”. 8 (whenever) someone or a country becomes a “dirty drop” and pollutes the air or the ocean, the whole Earth will become a bit 9 (dirty) than before. The same may also happen to you and your class. If you want your class to be excellent, then each of you will need 10 (value) the rules and behave (表现) well. Are you a “clean drop”? $Unit 6 Pollution 课时2 Reading：主题阅读（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、重点词汇 1. 核心名词 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 pollution /pəˈluːʃn/n. 污染 plastic /ˈplæstɪk/n. 塑料 waste /weɪst/ n.废弃物 ton /tʌn/ n.吨 ocean /ˈəʊʃn/ n.海洋 animal /ˈænɪml/ n.动物 bird /bɜːd/ n.鸟类 risk /rɪsk/ n.风险 piece /piːs/ n.碎片；小块 beach /biːtʃ/ n.海滩 engineering /ˌendʒɪˈnɪərɪŋ/ n.工程学 vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ n.装置；运载工具 camera /ˈkæmərə/ n.摄像头 light /laɪt/ n.光线 sand /sænd/ n.沙子 shape /ʃeɪp/ n.形状 expert /ˈekspɜːt/ n.专家 workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n.研习会；讲习班 passion /ˈpæʃn/ n.热爱；激情 problem /ˈprɒbləm/ n.难题 effort /ˈefət/ n.努力 solution /səˈluːʃn/n. 解决办法 2. 核心动词 break down 分解 throw /θrəʊ/ v.丢弃；扔 realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ v.意识到 die /daɪ/ v.死亡 increase /ɪnˈkriːs/ v.增加 clean up 清理 build /bɪld/ v.建造 locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ v.定位 send /send/ v.传送；发送 attend /əˈtend/ v.参加 pick up 习得；捡起 fail /feɪl/ v.失败 give up 放弃 test /test/ v.测试 blossom /ˈblɒsəm/ v.蓬勃发展；绽放 believe /bɪˈliːv/ v.相信 make a difference 产生影响 spread /spred/ v.传播 solve /sɒlv/v. 解决 3. 核心形容词 tiny /ˈtaɪni/ adj.微小的 impossible /ɪmˈpɒsəbl/ adj.不可能的 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj.有害的 natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ adj.自然界的；天然的 remotely‑operated adj.远程操控的 unatural /ˌʌnˈnætʃrəl/ adj.不自然的 necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj.必要的 amazing /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ adj.令人惊叹的 public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj.公开的；公共的 early /ˈɜːli/ adj.早期的 big /bɪɡ/ adj.巨大的 little /ˈlɪtl/ adj.微小的 二、重点短语 1. break down naturally 自然降解（文中：How long do you think it takes for different items of waste to break down naturally?） 2. hundreds of 成百上千的（文中：there were hundreds of tiny pieces of plastic） 3. millions of 数百万的（文中：Millions of ocean animals and birds die every year） 4. because of 因为（文中：die every year because of this plastic waste） 5. be aware of 意识到（文中：a lot of people aren’t aware of how harmful they can be） 6. be set on doing sth. 决心做某事（文中：Sophie… is set on helping the natural world through her engineering.） 7. remotely‑operated vehicle (ROV) 远程操控装置（文中：a remotely‑operated vehicle (ROV)） 8. stand out from 从……中凸显出来（文中：make plastic stand out from the sand and plant life） 9. pick up skills 习得技能（文中：and so she picked up the engineering skills necessary to build her robot） 10. give up trying and testing 放弃尝试与测试（文中：She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.） 11. from a very young age 从小（文中：and so from a very young age I’ve always had connection with the ocean） 12. make a difference 起到作用；产生影响（文中：Sophie believes everyone can make a difference in their own way） 13. spread the word about 传播关于……的消息（文中：We can spread the word about the problem） 14. every little thing helps 点滴皆有用；小事也有帮助（文末原句） 一、选词填空 Choose the proper words or phrases in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once.（选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词， 每词只能填一次，每题只有一个正确选项。） A．citizens         B．worst         C． strong     D．larger     E. relatives The night sky in Tsim Sha Tsui is one thousand times brighter than a dark sky, according to a study carried out by The University of Hong Kong. Hong Kong has the 1 light pollution in the world. Since there are no laws about outdoor lighting in Hong Kong, our city is lit more brilliantly at night than 2 cities such as London or Sidney. Because of the bright lights, Hong Kong 3 sleep less well, so their health is harmed. Fortunately there are solutions to the problem of light pollution. Firstly, business could use lights that are less bright. Some LED lights would be less 4 than the ones used now. In fact, many cities use LED lights for outdoor lighting. A．reduce     B．turn off         C． pass         D．though     E. so that Another solution is to 5 laws that control outdoor lighting. However, this solution might be harder because it would need the cooperation of government and businesses. Lastly, individuals can help. We can 6 lights that we are not using. In addition, we should be more aware of how our lighting affects others. For instance, we should close our curtains as tightly as we can 7 our home lights do not keep our neighbours awake. In short, there are things that the government, businesses and individuals can do to 8 light pollution. No one should sleep under bright lights. Therefore, we must try to make our city less bright at night. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．E 8．A 【导语】本文主要讲了香港严重的光污染以及其对应的解决方法。 【详解】1．句意：香港的光污染是世界上最严重的。根据“...the...in the world”可知此处需要填形容词最高级，修饰light pollution，结合所给选项可知，应填worst“最糟糕的”。故选B。 2．句意：由于香港没有关于户外照明的法律，我们的城市在夜间照明比伦敦或悉尼等大城市更明亮。分析句子结构可知此处需填形容词，作定语，修饰cities，再根据“London or Sidney”可知这些是比香港要大的城市，应填larger“较大的”。故选D。 3．句意：由于灯光明亮，香港市民睡眠不足，健康受到损害。分析句子结构可知此处缺少主语应填名词，再根据“so their health is harmed”可知是在说香港市民睡眠不好，应填citizens“市民”。故选A。 4．句意：有些LED灯的强度会比现在使用的灯弱。此处less后应加形容词原级，结合所给单词可知，应填strong“强劲的，强壮的”。故选C。 5．句意：另一个解决方案是通过控制户外照明的法律。分析句子结构可知此处to后需加动词原形，动词不定式作表语，又根据“laws”可知应是通过法律，应填pass“通过”。故选C。 6．句意：我们可以关掉我们不在使用的灯。此处can后需加动词原形，再根据“lights that we are not using”可知是关掉不在使用的灯，应填turn off“关闭”。故选B。 7．句意：例如，我们应该尽可能地把窗帘关紧，这样家里的灯就不会让邻居睡不着了。分析句子结构可知此处需填连词，再根据“our home lights do not keep our neighbours awake.”可知拉紧窗帘的目的是不打扰邻居睡觉，应填so that“为了，以便于”，引导目的状语从句。故选E。 8．句意：简言之，政府、企业和个人都可以做一些事情来减少光污染。分析句子结构可知此处to后需加动词原形，作目的状语，再根据“light pollution”可知是减少光污染，应填reduce“减少”。故选A。 二、阅读理解 Green life, start from us! Are you a person who cares for the environment? Test yourself! Sex:                         Your age: __________ 1. Do you turn off the water tap ( ) when you brush your teeth?🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 2. Do you take a bath () instead of taking a quick shower?🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 3. Do you turn off the light when you are away for a short time? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 4. Do you use the air-conditioner () when it is not very hot?🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 5. Do you empty your plate when having dinner? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 6. Do you use one-off chopsticks when eating out? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 7. Do you use public transportation like buses or subways when going out? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never 8. Do you use reusable bags when shopping? 🖤Always ♣️Often ◆Once in a while ♠️Never Results: 😊Mostly 🖤: Congratulations! You’re a person who truly cares for the environment. You know how to protect the environment. Great! 😐Mostly ♣️ You are a person who cares for the environment most of the time, but you could be better! Think carefully and improve yourself. 😢Mostly ◆ You know a little about environmental protection. Learn more and begin from now. 🙁Mostly ♠️: Oh, dear! You have no idea of environmental protection. What you need is to learn, or you may get into trouble one day. 1．Where is this survey probably from? A．A website. B．A poster. C．A book. D．A newspaper. 2．What information does this survey include? A．Age, job and suggestions. B．Address, questions and answers. C．Name, questions and suggestions. D．Questions, answers and suggestions. 3．If Sam chooses ♦ mostly, what do you think of him according to the survey? A．He does well in environmental protection. B．He doesn’t care about the environment at all. C．He often does properly and wisely to protect the environment. D．He needs to learn more and do better in environmental protection. 4．Which of the following things are mentioned (提到) in the survey? ①Taking a quick shower.     ②Going to school by bike. ③Bringing a bag for shopping.     ④Using second-hand things. ⑤Carrying a bottle instead of using a paper cup. A．①② B．①③ C．②⑤ D．③④ 5．What is the purpose of the survey? A．To tell people how to protect the environment. B．To share some helpful ways to live a green life. C．To call on people to protect the environment. D．To help people know the advantages of a green life. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一个小调查，主题是“你是一个关心环境的人吗”。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“http://www.gogreen.com”可知本文选自一个网站。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Green life, start from us!”可知这是调查的名字；表格中给出了八个问题；再由“Results”部分内容可知给出了建议。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“😢Mostly ◆ You know a little about environmental protection. Learn more and begin from now.”可知多数选择♦ 的萨姆对环境保护了解不多，需要多学习，在环境保护方面做得更好。故选D。 4．细节理解题。根据“Do you take a bath () instead of taking a quick shower?”及“Do you use reusable bags when shopping?”可知调查中提到了快速洗淋浴和带一个购物袋。故选B。 5．推理判断题。根据“Green life, start from us! Are you a person who cares for the environment?”及调查结果中给出的建议可推出这个调查的目的是呼吁人们保护环境。故选C。 三、补全对话 练习 1 Situation: Student (S) talks with a peer counsellor (C) about Sophie and plastic pollution. S: Sophie noticed lots of tiny plastic pieces on the beach. 1. ________________________________________?（一般疑问句，考查一般过去时） C: Yes, and she realised she could not pick all of them up by herself. S: Millions of sea animals die every year. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “because of plastic waste” 提问） C: Millions of sea animals lose their lives every year because of plastic waste in oceans. S: Could Sophie’s ROV locate plastic under the sea? C: 3. ________________________.（肯定回答） It finds plastic by its special colours and shapes. S: Everyone can do something small to fight against plastic pollution. 4. ___________________________________.（高级同义替换，原短语：do small things and refuse to give up helping the ocean） 【答案及解析】 1. Did Sophie find it impossible to pick up all the tiny pieces of plastic alone 解析：过去发生的事件，一般过去时一般疑问句Did提前；复用课文notice、tiny pieces of plastic、pick up。 2. Why do millions of sea animals die every year 解析：对because of引出的原因状语提问用Why；一般现在时，主语复数，助动词do。 3. Yes, it absolutely could. 解析：Could引导问句，完整肯定回答，absolutely加强语气。 4. carry out small actions and never abandon efforts to protect the ocean 解析：do small things替换carry out small actions；refuse to give up升级never abandon efforts，protect替换help。 练习 2 Situation: Two classmates discuss Sophie’s story of fighting plastic pollution A: Sophie picked up engineering skills to build her underwater robot. 1. ________________________________________?（一般过去时一般疑问句） B: Yes, though she failed many times, she never gave up testing her robot. A: Sophie’s passion for the environment grew because she lived close to the ocean. 2. ________________________________________?（针对画线原因状语 “because she lived close to the ocean” 提问） B: Her love for the environment blossomed as she lived right next to the ocean. A: Can ordinary people make a difference to solve plastic pollution? B: 3. ________________________________________.（肯定回答） Every little thing people do helps a lot. A: We can spread the word and clean beaches to reduce ocean plastic pollution. B: Exactly. Why not take action to protect our ocean from pollution? 4. ________________________________________.（同义替换提建议句型） A: I agree. It’s a shame that we cannot clear all ocean plastic in a short time. B: What a shame! 5. ________________________________________.（感叹句改写宾语从句） 【答案及解析】 1. Did Sophie gain necessary engineering skills for building her underwater robot 解析：讲述Sophie过往经历，一般过去时一般疑问句Did开头，复用课文pick up、engineering skills。 2. Why did Sophie’s passion for the environment grow 解析：对原因状语提问用Why；一般过去时，助动词did，动词还原grow。 3. Yes, they surely can. 解析：Can引导疑问句，完整肯定回答，surely增强语气。 4. What about taking practical steps to defend our ocean against pollution 解析：替换Why not，使用What about doing；take action升级take practical steps，protect替换defend…against。 5. I think it is a shame that we cannot clear all ocean plastic in a short time 解析：I think做主句，that引导宾语从句，改写感叹句，复合句考点。 四、语法选择 What do you do with clothes you don’t want to wear anymore? You may donate them or give them to other people. What happens next? Where 1 ? It’s reported that 92 million tons of clothes end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场) every year. This means that every second a truck full of clothes 2 at a landfill. 3 , the beaches of Ghana, a country in West Africa, are among these places. Now, the beaches 4 covered with clothing waste. People from all over the world donate clothes to charity. However, charity shops only sell up to 20 percent of donated clothes. The unsold clothes 5 in large bags and travel to other countries to be sold again or for waste disposal (处理). The Kantamanto market in Ghana, is one of the world’s 6 secondhand clothing markets. Every week, 7 pieces of clothes arrive at Kantamanto. But only about 60 percent of them are sold there. The others usually leave the market as waste. Workers either burn the waste or put 8 underground. However, the country is near the sea. 9 there’s not enough space for landfills. This is why a lot of clothing waste ends up on the beach. As it goes into the sea, fish and other sea life are in 10 danger. Sea turtles can’t get to the land, and fish can’t grow because they may get caught in the clothes. 1．A．did these clothes end up B．these clothes ended up C．do these clothes end up D．these clothes end up 2．A．arrives B．arrive C．arrived D．have arrived 3．A．Sad B．Sadly C．Luck D．Luckily 4．A．am B．is C．are D．be 5．A．is put B．are put C．was put D．were put 6．A．smaller B．smallest C．larger D．largest 7．A．20 million B．20 millions C．20 million of D．20 millions of 8．A．it B．them C．him D．her 9．A．Though B．But C．Until D．So 10．A．a B．an C．/ D．the 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述废弃衣物的最终去向及其对环境的影响。 【详解】1．句意：这些衣服最终去了哪里？ did these clothes end up一般过去时，可以构成特殊疑问句；these clothes ended up这些衣服最终，一般过去时，陈述句；do these clothes end up一般现在时，构成特殊疑问句；these clothes end up这些衣服最终，一般现在时，陈述句。根据“What happens next? Where...?”可知，此处需用一般现在时疑问句结构，问的是接下这些衣服最终去了哪里？故选C。 2．句意：这意味着每秒都有一卡车衣物抵达填埋场。 arrives到达，一般现在时，动词三单；arrive到达，一般现在时，动词原形；arrived到达，一般过去时；have arrived已经到达，现在完成时。阅读全文可知，用一般现在时；句子主语“ a truck”为单数，动词用三胆形式。故选A。 3．句意：可悲的是，西非国家加纳的海滩就是其中之一。 Sad悲伤的，形容词；Sadly可悲的是，副词；Luck幸运的，形容词；Luckily幸运的是，副词。根据“...the beaches of Ghana, a country in West Africa, are among these places”可知，此处表达负面情绪，“Sadly”意为“可悲地”，符合语境，且副词形式修饰整个句子。故选B。 4．句意：如今，这些海滩被衣物垃圾覆盖。 am是，主语为I；is是，主语为单数；are是，主语为复数，be。主语“the beaches”为复数，应用“are”，与“covered”构成被动语态。故选C。 5．句意：未售出的衣服被装进大袋子，运往其他国家再次出售或进行废物处理。 is put被放入，一般现在时的被动；are put被放入，一般现在时的被动；was put被放入，一般现在时的被动；were put被放入，一般过去时的被动。根据“The unsold clothes...in large bags”可知，未售出的衣物被装入大袋子，主语“clothes”为复数，且描述一般事实需用现在时被动语态。故选B。 6．句意：加纳的Kantamanto市场是全球最大的二手服装市场之一。 smaller更小的，比较级；smallest最小的，最高级；larger更大的，比较级；largest最大的，最高级。根据“one of the world’s...secondhand clothing markets”可知，为“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……的……之一”，故选D。 7．句意：每周有2000万件衣物抵达Kantamanto市场。 20 million两千万；20 millions表达错误；20 million of表达错误；20 millions of表达错误。根据数字表达规则，“20 million”后直接接名词复数，不加“of”。故选A。 8．句意：工人们要么焚烧垃圾，要么将它们埋入地下。 it它；them它们，宾格；him他，宾格；her她，宾格。根据前文“the waste”指代复数衣物垃圾，需用复数代词。故选B。 9．句意：因此，没有足够的空间用于垃圾填埋。 Though尽管；But但是；Until直到；So因此，所以。根据上下文“the country is near the sea”可知，这个国家靠近大海，所以没有足够的空间用于垃圾填埋。故选D。 10．句意：当它流入大海时，鱼类和其他海洋生物就会受到威胁。 a一个，不定冠词；n一个，不定冠词；/零冠词；the定冠词，表示特指。“in danger”意为“处于危险中”，无需冠词。故选C。 五、阅读回答问题 Cole loved helping in his mother’s garden since he was a child. But after he finished school, he worked as a salesman in a shopping center for thirty years. “Everything changed in 2016,” Cole said. That year, Cole’s mum, a flower-lover, moved in with him and his wife. She was shocked by so much litter on the street. “Why are there so many rubbish bags and empty bottles on this street?” she asked. She pointed at the dry tree pits (坑) outside their house and said, “Let’s plant some roses from our old garden here!” Mum and Cole began to work. They moved young rose plants into six tree pits. Guess what? The plants grew really well! To their surprise, there was no more litter around. “That was great! I realized that I could change something, rather than just sitting at home,” said Cole. In the following year, Cole created different gardens in six tree pits along the street. People up and down the street stopped to ask, “Who planted these flowers? They’re so beautiful!” and strangers turned into friends. Kids offered to water the plants. The next spring, the city used the strong grass killer on the whole street to kill wild grass. Days later, all the plants turned brown. Cole stood in front of the dead flowers, heartbroken. Then Aunt Mary from next door walked over with some seeds. “I have some flower seeds. Let’s start again!” The news spread. Tom brought young rose plants. Lisa brought sunflower seeds. Even Mr. Smith, the serious banker, gave strawberry vines from his garden. Soon, fifteen tree pits were full of colourful plants. A group of neighbours helped look after them. The experience led Cole to begin his “City Garden Project”. The project has turned over twenty parking lot corners into wildflower beds. Whenever he sees kids watching bees in the flower beds, he remembers his mum’s words: “No big heroes are needed to change the world.” 1．Why did Cole’s mum suggest planting roses? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．Did the flowers Cole had planted die after the city used the grass killer? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．What experience led Cole to start his “City Garden Project”? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．What does “No big heroes are needed to change the world.” mean in the story? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．How did Cole’s mum influence his “City Garden Project”? (2 points) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．If you were Cole, what would be your ways to protect the plants from the city’s grass killer? ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Because she was shocked by the street litter and saw the dry tree pits outside their house. 2．Yes, they did. 3．The experience of planting flowers with his mum, losing the plants to the grass killer, and getting neighbors’ help to replant them. 4．Ordinary people can change the world with small actions. 5．①She suggested planting roses in dry tree pits. ②Her words inspired his project. 6． ①Ask workers to avoid spraying near the plants. ②Cover the plants with a protective cloth when spraying. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了科尔在母亲的提议下在街边树坑种花，植物因除草剂枯萎后邻里纷纷帮忙重新栽种，这段经历让他发起“城市花园计划”，也让他懂得普通人靠微小行动就能改变世界的道理。 【详解】1．根据“That year Cole’s mom, a flower lover, moved in with him and his wife. She was shocked by so much litter on the street”和“She pointed at the dry tree pits outside their house and said ‘Let’s plant some roses from our old garden here’”可知，科尔的妈妈建议种玫瑰是因为她看到街上有很多垃圾很震惊，还看到家门外有干枯的树坑，故填Because she was shocked by the litter and saw the dry tree pits outside their house. 2．根据“Days later, all the plants turned brown. Cole stood in front of the dead flowers, heartbroken”可知，城市喷洒除草剂后科尔种的花全都枯死了，故填Yes, they did. 3．根据“Mum and Cole began to work. They moved young rose plants into six tree pits. Guess what? The plants grew really well!”“In the following year, Cole created different gardens in six tree pits along the street.”“Cole stood in front of the dead flowers, heartbroken.”和“The news spread. Tom brought young rose plants. Lisa brought sunflower seeds. Even Mr. Smith, the serious banker, gave strawberry vines from his garden.”可知，科尔和妈妈树坑种花、花因除草剂枯死、邻里帮忙补种，这段经历让他开启了“城市花园计划”，故填The experience of planting flowers with his mum, losing the plants to the grass killer, and getting neighbors’ help to replant them. 4．根据“No big heroes are needed to change the world”及全文科尔和邻里用小花改变街道的事可知，在故事中这句话意味着普通人能靠微小行动改变世界，故填Ordinary people can change the world with small actions. 5．根据“She pointed at the dry tree pits outside their house and said ‘Let’s plant some roses from our old garden here’”和“No big heroes are needed to change the world”可知，科尔妈妈提议在树坑种玫瑰的行动，和说的话启发了他推行该计划，故填①She suggested planting roses in dry tree pits. ②Her words inspired his project. 6．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合自身想法，如请求工作人员避开植物喷洒除草剂、喷洒时用防护布盖住植物等，合理作答即可，故填①Ask workers to avoid spraying near the plants. ②Cover the plants with a protective cloth when spraying. 六、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There was once a large bottle of fresh, clean water. Every drop in the bottle took 1 (proud) in being so clear and pure (纯净的). But one day, one of the 2 (drop) got bored. He would like to see what it would be like to be a dirty drop. The other drops tried to talk him out of the idea, but failed. When the drop came back all dirty, all the other drops in the bottle were influenced and changed into dirty drops, too. Several months later, someone put the bottle in a pool. A lot of clean water entered the large bottle, and the drops 3 (final) made themselves pure again. Now the drops reach 4 agreement that if they want to be clean, then each of them will have to stay clean. 5 (correct) the mistake of even one single drop needs much hard work. In a way, this bottle of water is similar 6 the situation on the Earth. If we want to live on a clean planet, it’s necessary for each of 7 (we) to be a “clean drop”. 8 (whenever) someone or a country becomes a “dirty drop” and pollutes the air or the ocean, the whole Earth will become a bit 9 (dirty) than before. The same may also happen to you and your class. If you want your class to be excellent, then each of you will need 10 (value) the rules and behave (表现) well. Are you a “clean drop”? 【答案】1．pride 2．drops 3．finally 4．an 5．Correcting 6．to 7．us 8．Whenever 9．dirtier 10．to value 【导语】本文以水滴污染又净化的小故事作喻，告诉我们个体行为会影响整体，每个人都要约束自身、爱护环境与集体。 【详解】1．句意：瓶里的每一滴水都为自身清澈纯净而自豪。固定搭配：take pride in表示“为……感到自豪”。“proud”是形容词，此处需用名词“pride”。 2．句意：但有一天，其中一滴水感到厌烦了。one of+可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，需用“drop”的复数形式“drops”。 3．句意：大量干净的水流进大瓶子，水滴们最终重新变得纯净。修饰动词“made”，需用副词。“final”是形容词，需用“finally”。 4．句意：水滴们达成共识：想要保持洁净，每一滴水都必须自身干净。“agreement”以元音音素开头，固定短语：reach an agreement表示“达成共识”，故需用“an”。 5．句意：哪怕只是纠正一滴水犯下的错误，都需要付出巨大努力。句子缺少主语，动词作主语需变为动名词形式，放在句首，首字母大写，故需用“Correcting”。 6．句意：从某种意义上来说，这瓶水和地球当下的处境很相像。固定搭配：be similar to表示“与……相似”，故需用“to”。 7．句意：如果我们想要生活在洁净的星球上，我们每个人都必须做一滴“干净的水滴”。介词“of”后接人称代词宾格，“we”的宾格为“us”。 8．句意：每当某个人或是某个国家化身 “脏水滴”，污染空气、海洋时，整个地球都会比之前脏上几分。提示词为“whenever”，引导让步状语从句，表示“无论何时、每当”。单词位于句首，首字母大写，故需用“Whenever”。 9．句意：整个地球都会比之前更脏一点。句中有比较级标志词“than”，表示两者对比，要用形容词比较级。故需用“dirty”的比较级为“dirtier”。 10．句意：如果你们想让班级变得优秀，你们每个人都必须重视规则、规范言行。固定用法：need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，动词“value”要变为不定式“to value”。 $