Unit 1 课时4 Writing & Discovery & Project（分层作业）英语新教材沪教版五四学制九年级下册

**基本信息** 练习围绕“Law and order”主题，采用“核心知识速记-基础达标-能力提升-拓展培优-思维进阶”五层设计，实现从词汇短语记忆到短剧创作的语言能力与思维品质递进培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |核心知识速记|核心词汇/短语|标注音标词性，夯实语言基础| |基础达标|翻译/长难句|结合单元主题情境，强化句型应用| |能力提升|阅读理解|四篇阅读涵盖图书馆/网课/霸凌等规则文本，提升语篇理解| |拓展培优|写作任务|关联校园安全/图书馆规则/家规，培养书面表达能力| |思维进阶|短剧创作项目|小组合作完成剧本创作与表演，提升综合语言运用与价值判断能力|

Unit1 Law and order 课时4 Writing&Discovery Project（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、核心词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 photocopied /ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpid/adj. 复印的 textbook /ˈtekstbʊk/n. 课本 illegal /ɪˈliːɡl/adj. 违法的 publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)/n. 出版商 recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/v. 认可；承认 resource /rɪˈsɔːs/n. 资源 example /ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/n. 榜样；例子 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/n. 观点 essay /ˈeseɪ/n. 议论文 capitalisation /ˌkæpɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 大写 punctuation /ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃn/n. 标点符号 spelling /ˈspelɪŋ/n. 拼写 pronoun /ˈprəʊnaʊn/n. 代词 collocation /ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃn/n. 词语搭配 proofread /ˈpruːfriːd/v. 校阅 feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/n. 反馈 trouble /ˈtrʌbl/n. 麻烦 region /ˈriːdʒən/n. 地区 local /ˈləʊkl/adj. 当地的 chewing gum /ˈtʃuːɪŋ ɡʌm/n. 口香糖 medical /ˈmedɪkl/adj. 医疗的 purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/n. 目的 litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/v. 乱扔垃圾 n. 垃圾 fine /faɪn/n. 罚金 v. 处以罚款 permit /ˈpɜːmɪt/n. 许可证 damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/v. 损坏 littering /ˈlɪtərɪŋ/n. 乱扔垃圾 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/n. 环境 jail time /dʒeɪl taɪm/n. 监禁 official /əˈfɪʃl/adv. 官方地 pigeon /ˈpɪdʒɪn/n. 鸽子 landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/n. 地标 outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/n. 提纲 narrator /nəˈreɪtə(r)/n. 旁白 plot /plɒt/n. 故事情节 script /skrɪpt/n. 剧本 dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/n. 对话 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表演 二、核心短语 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 it’s worth doing sth. 值得做某事 in order to 为了 keep public places clean 保持公共场所整洁 for medical purposes 出于医疗用途 be caught doing sth. 被抓到正在做某事 be meant to do sth. 旨在；目的是 lower one’s influence on the environment 降低对环境的影响 face large amounts of fines 面临高额罚款 in some cases 在某些情况下 keep … free from … 使…… 免受…… set a good example 树立好榜样 a waste of money and resources 金钱和资源的浪费 put a lot of time and effort into 投入大量时间与精力 give your feedback 给出你的反馈 一、翻译练习 1. 完整复印一整本教科书属于违法行为。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 图书的创作者与出版方投入大量心血进行创作，他们的付出理应得到认可。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 教学场景下只复制书中少数几页内容，是可以被接受的做法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 如果每位学生都只为寥寥几页内容购买新书，会造成资金与资源的无谓消耗。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 教师自身需要树立良好榜样，尊重创作者的劳动成果。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 去往境外地区旅行前，花些时间熟悉当地法规，能够帮我们避开各类麻烦。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 在新加坡，普通商户与个人不允许售卖口香糖，医疗用途除外。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 游客可以随身携带适量口香糖供自己使用，但乱扔依旧会被处罚。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 在加拿大部分区域，若无许可证，爬树一旦被发现就会被处以罚款。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 这项禁令出台，目的就是保护树木，避免它们遭到攀爬者的破坏。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 无论海边还是城市，在泰国随地乱扔垃圾都被视作十分严重的行为。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 在泰国国家公园乱扔垃圾，人们有可能面临巨额罚金，甚至蹲监狱。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 威尼斯官方立法禁止投喂鸽子，以此保护城市地标不受鸟粪损害。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 动笔写观点议论文之前，建议先搭建提纲梳理你的观点与理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 完成写作之后，和同伴交换文稿阅读，互相给出客观的修改反馈。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、长难句剖析 例句1 These writers and publishers have put a lot of time and effort into creating the books. Their works should be recognised. 例句2 While a few pages are acceptable, complete books should never be copied. 例句3 To avoid getting into trouble, it’s worth taking a little time to study local laws before travelling to another country or region. 例句4 In order to keep public places clean, it’s against the law for businesses or individuals to sell chewing gum in Singapore, unless it is for medical purposes. 例句5 The law was made to keep the city clean and free from bird droppings which can damage the city’s landmarks. Passage 1 We are the libraries and archives of Harvard University. Use our services and tools to enrich your research and work. BORROW Materials available at Harvard There are two ways for Harvard students and staff to borrow physical items available at the libraries. • Search HOLLIS to see if there is a physical copy on campus. If there is one, you can go to the library and get it from the shelf. You can find maps and guides to library shelves at each library. • In HOLLIS, apply to pick up the item from the library of your choice. Book pick-up applications are processed within 1 to 4 business days. Materials not available at Harvard If the materials you need are not available at Harvard, you can turn to BorrowDirect. It allows you to borrow materials from partner institutions. Applications will be processed in about four business days. You must pick up the materials in person. If you can’t find what you are looking for at Harvard or through BorrowDirect, try sending in an Interlibrary Loan application. Library staff will search other libraries for what you need. The materials will usually arrive within two weeks. You must pick them up in person. Loan periods Materials are generally loaned for one semester at a time. RENEW AND RETURN • Renew: If no other library user needs the materials you’ve checked out, the loan period will automatically be renewed up to five times. • Return: You can return library materials to any Harvard library. Fines for lost materials start from $100 each. If you have questions about library fines, please call 617—496—3015 or send a message to library billing@harvard.edu. HOLLIS HOLLIS is Harvard Library’s catalog. Search HOLLIS for books, articles and more. BorrowDirect BorrowDirect is often the fastest way to borrow something not available at Harvard. Interlibrary Loan Can’t find the materials you need at Harvard? Send in an Interlibrary Loan application. We’ll search libraries around the world for the materials. 1．What is HOLLIS? A．A library. B．Harvard Library’s catalog. C．A borrowing service. D．A partner institution. 2．What should you do if the materials you need are not available at Harvard? A．Go to another Harvard library. B．Wait for them to be available. C．Turn to BorrowDirect. D．Give up borrowing. 3．There is a copy of Beauty and the East at Harvard, and Steve wants to pick it up from the closest library. If he applies for pickup today (Wednesday, June 5), when will the application be processed at the latest? A．On June 9. B．On June 10. C．On June 11. D．On June 12. 4．After receiving an Interlibrary Loan application, the staff of Harvard Library will ________. A．immediately buy the materials B．search partner institutions for the materials C．search libraries around the world for the materials D．ask the applicant why he or she needs the materials 5．The underlined verb loaned can be replaced by ________. A．bought B．brought C．given D．lent 6．A Harvard staff member has kept the borrowed materials for more than one semester. Now, if another library user needs the materials, what will happen? A．The loan period can be renewed again. B．The staff member must return the materials immediately. C．The staff member can keep the materials for another semester. D．The staff member will be fined. Passage 2 GARDEN CITY COLLEGE GENERAL RULES FOR ONLINE CLASSES It is very important to carefully read the rules and cancellation policies of the online classes before beginning your class. You should enter the virtual（虚构的）classroom at least 2 days before your first class in order to learn how to work within the system. If you need any technical support, you can call our technical staff during their office hours（From 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on weekdays）. Make sure to log onto the platform 15 minutes before your class. We will not make up class time due to late arrivals. Check your course schedule. It is strongly recommended that you actively take part in each class. Listen carefully and don’t talk over with someone. You should behave properly and have good manners. Being polite on the Internet should be as common as in real life. Respect other people’s opinions. Besides, online privacy is something you should keep in mind when typing anything. You should stay away from anything considered not suitable and rude. At the beginning of each new course, we will place you with a new teacher. This change will allow you to experience different learning styles with other teachers who are fully trained to teach online courses. If your present teacher is not available to teach（due to sickness or an emergency）, we will not cancel class. Instead, class will be given by a substitute（代替的）teacher. These rules may change over time due to the changing nature of the online space 1．This notice is probably written for ________to read. A．parents B．teachers C．technical staff D．students 2．To get yourself familiar with the system, you are suggested to________. A．contact school’s technical stuff during their office hours B．have a trial test 2 days before the course starts C．log onto the platform every 15 minutes D．avoid late arrivals to enter the virtual classroom 3．Which of the following is suitable to type when you take online classes? A．“Linda, shall we meet at my place at 8 tonight, 35 High Street?” B．“Ms. Ilanna, can you explain that again? I didn’t quite follow. ” C．“I don’t agree with Joe. It’s an absolutely stupid idea.” D．“Bob! You had a new haircut. That suits you. You look handsome.” 4．You will have a new teacher for each new course because ________. A．the college is short of trained teachers to teach online courses B．it’s hard to find a substitute teacher at the beginning of the term C．you can benefit from learning with teachers of different styles D．it enables you to take an active part in the new course 5．According to this notice, which of the following is NOT true? A．Online classes create a real-life learning environment. B．You yourself are responsible for the class time you miss. C．Technical support is only available on weekdays. D．It’s possible that there may be changes to these rules. 6．Reading this notice carefully can help you . A．know more about your subject teachers B．arrange your course schedule well C．understand the rules and cancellation policies D．apply for a position in Garden City College Passage 3 Bullying（欺凌）can happen to anyone. It happens to millions of children around the world. Every year, a great many children around the world are bullied, but there are things that can be done to help. What is bullying? Bullying is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again. Bullying can happen at school, out of school or online. Bullying includes: calling people mean（恶意的）names. laughing at people. telling lies about people. taking someone’s things without permission（允许） not letting someone play in a group hitting people What is cyber-bullying? Cyberbullying happens online and includes: sending bad messages online sharing photos online without permission not letting someone be in an online group spreading lies online What can you do? If someone is not kind of you, tell an adult who you know and like. For example, talk to parent or a teacher. If you get bad messages, don’t reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don’t share something before you make sure it is true. That will stop the cyberbullying. Talk to your parents or teacher or an adult if you are worried about a friend. Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember: think about how to be kind in the future. For more information, visit our home page at www.kidsworld.com. 1．According to the passage, the following are bullying EXCEPT . A．telling lies about people B．calling people mean names C．laughing with people D．not letting someone play in a group 2．Cyberbullying means bullying________. A．at school B．on the street C．at home D．on the Internet 3．When you get bad messages online, you should________. A．share then with friends B．give them to your teacher C．reply to them at once. D．keep them as your secrets 4．If you are not kind to someone , you should________ A．say sorry to him B．talk about it is public C．ask your parents to say sorry D．feel sad and keep quiet 5．This passage is mainly written for________. A．teachers B．parents C．children D．the police 6．The passage mainly tells the readers________. A．who are usually bullied B．where bullying is and how to find it C．how to get rid of bullying D．what bullying is and how to deal with it Passage 4 Four students ask for advice from Young Minds to solve their problems. Mary, 12 A girl in my street always bullied me and she made me lose all of my friends. I tried everything but she would not stop. I tried making any friends because most people already thought I was strange. Then I called Young Minds and a man gave me really good advice and she did not bully me ever again. Joanna, 12 I have large eyes and I get bullied because of it. It started Year I and since then I have been upset about it. Just a week ago I saw a Young Minds advertisement online. I called the number and then I talked to a lady. After the 54-minute talk I finally felt great about myself. I am happy I called them and I wish I had done it before. I stood up to all of those awful people and the bullying has stopped. I really look forward to going to school now. Tracy, 10 I was getting bullied, but I didn’t feel comfortable talking to my parents because they weren’t helping me and being supportive. So I talked to an amazing counselor and it has changed my life. I was so happy to be able to talk to someone who listened. Thank you Young Minds and thank you Miranda Kerr. Belinda, 12 I called because I was getting bullied by a Grade 7 kid and I’m in Grade 8. I wasn’t sure how to deal with it and I called Young Minds. They are really supportive and I spoke to a really nice counselor named Pammy. So don’t be afraid to call Young Minds. Pick up your phone and call 02070895050. 1．The man in Young Minds probably gave Mary advice on how to . A．make friends B．change her personality C．deal with bullying D．bully the girl in the street 2．Joanna got to know about Young Minds from . A．a newspaper B．a magazine C．the TV D．the Internet 3．From the sentence “I stood up to all of those awful people”, we know that . A．Joanna used to go to school very happily B．Joanna fought against being bullied C．Joanna was brave before she talked to a lady D．Joanna felt upset to meet such awful people 4．The underlined part “an amazing counselor” means “ ”. A．a great friend B．a guide teacher C．a good player D．a nice writer 5．From Belinda, we know that . A．she is a grade-7 kid B．she was afraid of going to school. C．she was brave enough to call Young Minds D．she could deal with the bully on her own 6．Which of the following is NOT TRUE from the passage? A．Mary was thought to be strange because she used to bully many people. B．Joanna expected to return to school when the bully to her ended. C．Miranda Kerr worked for Young Minds and helped Tracy out of being bullied. D．If you want to get help from Young Minds, please dial 02070895050. 1．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Amy受邀参加主题为“平安校园·少年行动”的联合国青少年论坛（World-Youth-Forum）。她写信向你了解一些关于校园安全的情况。请你根据以下邮件内容给她回复。词数80左右。 提示词汇：school bullying 校园霸凌；sports injuries 运动损伤；affect 影响 注意事项： 1. 回复邮件时可适当发挥，邮件开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名及地名。 Dear Amy, I’m so proud of you. And I would like to share my ideas with you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope these help! Enjoy the activity. Yours, Li Hua 2．图书馆是校园中供大家静心阅读、专注学习、查阅资料的公共空间，为了保障每位使用者的权益，维持良好的秩序，图书馆都会制定相应的规则。请结合你的校园生活体验，完成一篇英语作文。词数不少于80词。 提示词语： keep quiet, respect others, focus on, improve efficiency 提示问题： 11. What are the main rules in your school library? 12. Do you agree or disagree with these rules? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．一个国家有它的法律，一个家庭也有它的一些规矩。最近校报英文版征文，题目为“Follow and grow (家规促成长)”请你写一篇文章投稿，80-120词。 要求包括以下内容： 1. 两条家规； 2. 家规对你的影响； 3. 如何回报你的家庭； 可以适当发挥，但不要出现可能透露考生真实身份的任何信息。 Follow and grow ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 本单元主题写作 Project：《Produce a short play "Say NO to wrongdoing"》主题项目 项目目标 1. 熟练运用本单元行为对错、是非处事类核心词汇，掌握剧本格式，能使用直接引语、动作神态提示、旁白叙事，完整描述生活中的不当行为冲突情节。 2. 掌握短剧创作完整流程：选题→列大纲→写剧本→表演，区分场景setting、人物characters、旁白narrator、对话dialogues、动作提示actions，提升英语叙事与逻辑梳理能力。 3. 小组合作讨论身边的不当行为，能够课堂表演短剧，引导观众反思自身日常行为，树立正确是非观念。 项目对象 九年级学生 项目时长 1课时（45分钟） 项目准备 1. 学生：提前回想校园、生活里常见不当行为（商店偷窃、校园插队、说谎、抄袭作业、欺凌同学等），草稿记录事件简单情节。 2. 教师：大白纸/剧本草稿纸、课本范例投影、白板、彩色笔，课堂表演空间。 项目步骤 Step1 Plan 挑选事件，确定短剧主题（5分钟） 小组讨论，选定一件生活中的不当行为作为短剧主题，参考课本两个思考问题： - What things may get people in trouble? - Can our short play make the audience think about their own behaviour? 可选素材方向： 1. 消费行为类：超市/零食店顺手拿商品不付款 2. 校园纪律类：考试抄袭作业、考试作弊 3. 人际交往类：校园言语欺凌、背后造谣同学 4. 公共秩序类：公共场所插队、故意损坏公共物品 任务要求：小组选定1个不当行为事件，简单梳理起因、冲突、结局。 Step2 Create 小组头脑风暴，撰写短剧大纲（15分钟） 1. 四人小组合作搭建短剧大纲，大纲必须包含：setting（故事场景）、main characters（包含narrator旁白）、events/plots事件情节细节。 2. 教师巡视指导：补充神态词汇 embarrassed / angry / calm / upset，规范人物括号内动作、情绪标注格式，梳理故事逻辑：事件发生→矛盾暴露→劝说制止→反思改正。 3. 明确角色分工：旁白、犯错人物、制止者、旁观者。 Step3 Write 完成英文剧本创作（15分钟） 1. 参照课本范例格式写剧本，剧本包含 Narrator旁白、人物对话dialogues、括号内动作/神态提示actions。 2. 剧本格式要求： ① Narrator：单独一行，交代时间地点背景； ② 人物名字后加括号，写情绪、动作； ③ 冒号后书写人物台词； ④ 圈画2个本单元重点短语做标记。 3. 剧本篇幅：4‑6轮对话，情节完整，结尾体现知错改正，传递 Say NO to wrongdoing。 Step4 Perform 课堂表演与互评（10分钟） 1. 小组分配角色，排练，上台表演短剧。表演结束后观看其他小组的短剧。 2. 全班投票：vote for the best short play / best actor / best actress，并口头说明投票理由。 评价维度 评分标准 内容完整 事件贴合真实生活，情节完整，能够引发观众反思行为，传递拒绝不当行为的主题 语言准确 拼写语法无误，正确使用剧本格式，人物神态动作提示恰当 表达丰富 对话自然，句式多样，冲突逻辑清晰 现场表演 分工明确，朗读流利，情绪贴合角色，表演流畅 $Unit1 Law and order 课时4 Writing&Discovery Project（分层作业） 核心知识速记 03拓展培优 01基础达标 04思维进阶 02能力提升 一、核心词汇 ( 1 / 6 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 photocopied /ˈfəʊtəʊkɒpid/adj. 复印的 textbook /ˈtekstbʊk/n. 课本 illegal /ɪˈliːɡl/adj. 违法的 publisher /ˈpʌblɪʃə(r)/n. 出版商 recognise /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/v. 认可；承认 resource /rɪˈsɔːs/n. 资源 example /ɪɡˈzɑːmpl/n. 榜样；例子 opinion /əˈpɪnjən/n. 观点 essay /ˈeseɪ/n. 议论文 capitalisation /ˌkæpɪtəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/n. 大写 punctuation /ˌpʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃn/n. 标点符号 spelling /ˈspelɪŋ/n. 拼写 pronoun /ˈprəʊnaʊn/n. 代词 collocation /ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃn/n. 词语搭配 proofread /ˈpruːfriːd/v. 校阅 feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/n. 反馈 trouble /ˈtrʌbl/n. 麻烦 region /ˈriːdʒən/n. 地区 local /ˈləʊkl/adj. 当地的 chewing gum /ˈtʃuːɪŋ ɡʌm/n. 口香糖 medical /ˈmedɪkl/adj. 医疗的 purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/n. 目的 litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/v. 乱扔垃圾 n. 垃圾 fine /faɪn/n. 罚金 v. 处以罚款 permit /ˈpɜːmɪt/n. 许可证 damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/v. 损坏 littering /ˈlɪtərɪŋ/n. 乱扔垃圾 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/n. 环境 jail time /dʒeɪl taɪm/n. 监禁 official /əˈfɪʃl/adv. 官方地 pigeon /ˈpɪdʒɪn/n. 鸽子 landmark /ˈlændmɑːk/n. 地标 outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/n. 提纲 narrator /nəˈreɪtə(r)/n. 旁白 plot /plɒt/n. 故事情节 script /skrɪpt/n. 剧本 dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/n. 对话 performance /pəˈfɔːməns/n. 表演 二、核心短语 get into trouble 陷入麻烦 it’s worth doing sth. 值得做某事 in order to 为了 keep public places clean 保持公共场所整洁 for medical purposes 出于医疗用途 be caught doing sth. 被抓到正在做某事 be meant to do sth. 旨在；目的是 lower one’s influence on the environment 降低对环境的影响 face large amounts of fines 面临高额罚款 in some cases 在某些情况下 keep … free from … 使…… 免受…… set a good example 树立好榜样 a waste of money and resources 金钱和资源的浪费 put a lot of time and effort into 投入大量时间与精力 give your feedback 给出你的反馈 一、翻译练习 1. 完整复印一整本教科书属于违法行为。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：It is illegal to make photocopies of a whole textbook. 2. 图书的创作者与出版方投入大量心血进行创作，他们的付出理应得到认可。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Writers and publishers put a lot of time and effort into creating books, and their efforts should be recognised. 3. 教学场景下只复制书中少数几页内容，是可以被接受的做法。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：It can be acceptable to photocopy only a few pages of a book for teaching purposes. 4. 如果每位学生都只为寥寥几页内容购买新书，会造成资金与资源的无谓消耗。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：It will become a waste of money and resources if every student buys a book just for a few pages. 5. 教师自身需要树立良好榜样，尊重创作者的劳动成果。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Teachers need to set a good example and respect the work of book‑creators. 6. 去往境外地区旅行前，花些时间熟悉当地法规，能够帮我们避开各类麻烦。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Before travelling to foreign countries or regions, it’s worth studying local laws to avoid getting into trouble. 7. 在新加坡，普通商户与个人不允许售卖口香糖，医疗用途除外。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：In Singapore, it’s against the law for shops or ordinary people to sell chewing gum unless for medical purposes. 8. 游客可以随身携带适量口香糖供自己使用，但乱扔依旧会被处罚。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Tourists may carry a proper amount of chewing gum for personal use, yet they will still be fined for littering. 9. 在加拿大部分区域，若无许可证，爬树一旦被发现就会被处以罚款。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：In some parts of Canada, you will pay a fine if you are caught climbing trees without a permit. 10. 这项禁令出台，目的就是保护树木，避免它们遭到攀爬者的破坏。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：This tree‑climbing ban is meant to protect trees from being damaged by climbers. 11. 无论海边还是城市，在泰国随地乱扔垃圾都被视作十分严重的行为。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Whether on beaches or in cities, littering is regarded as a very serious matter in Thailand. 12. 在泰国国家公园乱扔垃圾，人们有可能面临巨额罚金，甚至蹲监狱。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：People may face large amounts of fines and even jail time for littering in Thailand’s national parks. 13. 威尼斯官方立法禁止投喂鸽子，以此保护城市地标不受鸟粪损害。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Venice officially made rules against feeding pigeons to keep city landmarks free from bird droppings. 14. 动笔写观点议论文之前，建议先搭建提纲梳理你的观点与理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Before writing your opinion essay, you’d better make an outline to organize your opinions and reasons. 15. 完成写作之后，和同伴交换文稿阅读，互相给出客观的修改反馈。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：After finishing your writing, exchange essays with your partner and give each other useful feedback. 二、长难句剖析 例句1 These writers and publishers have put a lot of time and effort into creating the books. Their works should be recognised. 1. 结构拆分：第一句主谓宾结构；固定搭配 put a lot of time and effort into doing sth.；第二句被动语态 should be recognised。 2. 核心语法：介词into后面接动名词doing；情态动词should的被动结构 should be done。 3. 写作借鉴：议论文用来肯定他人劳动价值。仿写示例：Many artists put lots of time and effort into creating paintings, and their works should be respected.（许多艺术家投入大量时间创作画作，他们的作品应当受到尊重。） 例句2 While a few pages are acceptable, complete books should never be copied. 1. 结构拆分：while引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然”；主句使用情态动词被动语态。 2. 核心语法：while引导让步；情态动词的被动语态 should never be done。 3. 写作借鉴：议论文表达让步、限定条件。仿写示例：While short notes can be quoted, full articles should never be copied.（简短笔记可以引用，但完整文章绝不能抄袭。） 例句3 To avoid getting into trouble, it’s worth taking a little time to study local laws before travelling to another country or region. 1. 结构拆分：不定式To avoid getting into trouble作目的状语；固定句型it’s worth doing sth.；before + doing作时间状语。 2. 核心语法：不定式作目的状语；be worth doing 值得做某事。 3. 写作借鉴：说明文提出行前建议。仿写示例：To avoid mistakes, it’s worth checking your answers before handing in your paper.（为避免出错，交卷前值得检查你的答案。） 例句4 In order to keep public places clean, it’s against the law for businesses or individuals to sell chewing gum in Singapore, unless it is for medical purposes. 1. 结构拆分：In order to引导目的状语；it’s against the law for sb. to do sth.；unless引导条件状语从句。 2. 核心语法：in order to 表目的；unless 除非，引导条件。 3. 写作借鉴：介绍带有例外条件的规章制度。仿写示例：In order to keep classrooms quiet, it’s against the rules for students to talk loudly unless they are permitted.（为保持教室安静，学生不得大声喧哗，获得允许除外。） 例句5 The law was made to keep the city clean and free from bird droppings which can damage the city’s landmarks. 1. 结构拆分：被动语态 was made to do；keep … free from …；which引导定语从句修饰bird droppings。 2. 核心语法：被动语态表法律被制定；which限制性定语从句。 3. 写作借鉴：解释法律设立的目的。仿写示例：This rule was made to keep the park safe and free from rubbish which can harm wild animals.（制定这条规定是为了保护公园安全，远离会伤害野生动物的垃圾。） Passage 1 We are the libraries and archives of Harvard University. Use our services and tools to enrich your research and work. BORROW Materials available at Harvard There are two ways for Harvard students and staff to borrow physical items available at the libraries. • Search HOLLIS to see if there is a physical copy on campus. If there is one, you can go to the library and get it from the shelf. You can find maps and guides to library shelves at each library. • In HOLLIS, apply to pick up the item from the library of your choice. Book pick-up applications are processed within 1 to 4 business days. Materials not available at Harvard If the materials you need are not available at Harvard, you can turn to BorrowDirect. It allows you to borrow materials from partner institutions. Applications will be processed in about four business days. You must pick up the materials in person. If you can’t find what you are looking for at Harvard or through BorrowDirect, try sending in an Interlibrary Loan application. Library staff will search other libraries for what you need. The materials will usually arrive within two weeks. You must pick them up in person. Loan periods Materials are generally loaned for one semester at a time. RENEW AND RETURN • Renew: If no other library user needs the materials you’ve checked out, the loan period will automatically be renewed up to five times. • Return: You can return library materials to any Harvard library. Fines for lost materials start from $100 each. If you have questions about library fines, please call 617—496—3015 or send a message to library billing@harvard.edu. HOLLIS HOLLIS is Harvard Library’s catalog. Search HOLLIS for books, articles and more. BorrowDirect BorrowDirect is often the fastest way to borrow something not available at Harvard. Interlibrary Loan Can’t find the materials you need at Harvard? Send in an Interlibrary Loan application. We’ll search libraries around the world for the materials. 1．What is HOLLIS? A．A library. B．Harvard Library’s catalog. C．A borrowing service. D．A partner institution. 2．What should you do if the materials you need are not available at Harvard? A．Go to another Harvard library. B．Wait for them to be available. C．Turn to BorrowDirect. D．Give up borrowing. 3．There is a copy of Beauty and the East at Harvard, and Steve wants to pick it up from the closest library. If he applies for pickup today (Wednesday, June 5), when will the application be processed at the latest? A．On June 9. B．On June 10. C．On June 11. D．On June 12. 4．After receiving an Interlibrary Loan application, the staff of Harvard Library will ________. A．immediately buy the materials B．search partner institutions for the materials C．search libraries around the world for the materials D．ask the applicant why he or she needs the materials 5．The underlined verb loaned can be replaced by ________. A．bought B．brought C．given D．lent 6．A Harvard staff member has kept the borrowed materials for more than one semester. Now, if another library user needs the materials, what will happen? A．The loan period can be renewed again. B．The staff member must return the materials immediately. C．The staff member can keep the materials for another semester. D．The staff member will be fined. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．C 5．D 6．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了哈佛大学图书馆的借阅服务，包括如何借阅馆内资料、馆外资料、借阅期限以及续借和归还规则等。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据文章表格第一栏“HOLLIS is Harvard Library’s catalog”可知，HOLLIS是哈佛图书馆的目录系统。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Materials not available at Harvard”部分“If the materials you need are not available at Harvard, you can turn to BorrowDirect”可知，如果你需要的资料不在哈佛，可以求助BorrowDirect。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据文章“Book pick-up applications are processed within 1 to 4 business days”可知，取书申请需1—4个工作日处理。6月5日（周三）申请，最晚4个工作日后为6月11日（周二，排除周末）。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据表格第三栏“We’ll search libraries around the world for the materials”可知，馆际互借会全球范围查找资料。故选C。 5．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“Materials are generally loaned for one semester”（资料通常借阅一学期），loaned意为“借出”，与lent（lend的过去分词）同义。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据“Renew”部分“If no other library user needs the materials…renewed”（若无他人需要可续借），反向推知若有人需要则必须归还。故选B。 Passage 2 GARDEN CITY COLLEGE GENERAL RULES FOR ONLINE CLASSES It is very important to carefully read the rules and cancellation policies of the online classes before beginning your class. You should enter the virtual（虚构的）classroom at least 2 days before your first class in order to learn how to work within the system. If you need any technical support, you can call our technical staff during their office hours（From 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on weekdays）. Make sure to log onto the platform 15 minutes before your class. We will not make up class time due to late arrivals. Check your course schedule. It is strongly recommended that you actively take part in each class. Listen carefully and don’t talk over with someone. You should behave properly and have good manners. Being polite on the Internet should be as common as in real life. Respect other people’s opinions. Besides, online privacy is something you should keep in mind when typing anything. You should stay away from anything considered not suitable and rude. At the beginning of each new course, we will place you with a new teacher. This change will allow you to experience different learning styles with other teachers who are fully trained to teach online courses. If your present teacher is not available to teach（due to sickness or an emergency）, we will not cancel class. Instead, class will be given by a substitute（代替的）teacher. These rules may change over time due to the changing nature of the online space 1．This notice is probably written for ________to read. A．parents B．teachers C．technical staff D．students 2．To get yourself familiar with the system, you are suggested to________. A．contact school’s technical stuff during their office hours B．have a trial test 2 days before the course starts C．log onto the platform every 15 minutes D．avoid late arrivals to enter the virtual classroom 3．Which of the following is suitable to type when you take online classes? A．“Linda, shall we meet at my place at 8 tonight, 35 High Street?” B．“Ms. Ilanna, can you explain that again? I didn’t quite follow. ” C．“I don’t agree with Joe. It’s an absolutely stupid idea.” D．“Bob! You had a new haircut. That suits you. You look handsome.” 4．You will have a new teacher for each new course because ________. A．the college is short of trained teachers to teach online courses B．it’s hard to find a substitute teacher at the beginning of the term C．you can benefit from learning with teachers of different styles D．it enables you to take an active part in the new course 5．According to this notice, which of the following is NOT true? A．Online classes create a real-life learning environment. B．You yourself are responsible for the class time you miss. C．Technical support is only available on weekdays. D．It’s possible that there may be changes to these rules. 6．Reading this notice carefully can help you . A．know more about your subject teachers B．arrange your course schedule well C．understand the rules and cancellation policies D．apply for a position in Garden City College 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了虚拟网上课堂的一些规则以及取消政策。同时规则也是会随着时间的推移发生变化的。 【详解】1．推理判断题。根据文章第一二两句“It is very important to carefully read the rules and cancellation policies of the online classes before beginning your class.”可知，在开始你的课前请仔细阅读网上课程的规则和取消政策。说明这是写给学生的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句“You should enter the virtual classroom at least 2 days before your first class in order to learn how to work within the system.”可知，为了学习如何在系统内工作，在你第一节课前至少两天你应该进入虚拟教室。所以为了熟悉系统，你应该至少两天前做准备。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“You should behave properly and have good manners. Being polite on the Internet should be as common as in real life. Respect other people’s opinions. Besides, online privacy is something you should keep in mind when typing anything. You should stay away from anything considered not suitable and rude.”可知，上课要有得体的表现。要懂礼貌，尊重别人观点。要保密。对于不恰当以及粗鲁的话要远离。选项A Linda, shall we meet at my place at 8 tonight, 35 High Street? 过于具体；选项C I don’t agree with Joe. It’s an absolutely stupid idea.不礼貌；选项D Bob! You had a new haircut. That suits you. You look handsome.过于直接。选项B Ms. Ilanna, can you explain that again? I didn’t quite follow.有称呼，态度谦和，有礼貌。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第六段第二句“This change will allow you to experience different learning styles with other teachers who are fully trained to teach online courses.”可知，换新的老师会让你体验不同的教学和学习方式。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“You should enter the virtual classroom at least 2 days…”可知，这是一个虚拟的教室，故A不对；根据第三段第二句“We will not make up class time due to late arrivals.”可知，因个人原因造成的迟到我们不会补课。B正确；根据第二段最后一句“If you need any technical support…from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. on weekdays…”可知，技术支持只能在平日。C正确；根据最后一段最后一句“These rules may change over time due to the changing nature of the online space.”可知，规则会随时改变。D正确。故选A。 6．文章大意题。根据题目和第一句“It is very important to carefully read the rules and cancellation policies of the online classes before beginning your class.”可知，仔细阅读能够帮助你了解规则和取消政策。故选C。 Passage 3 Bullying（欺凌）can happen to anyone. It happens to millions of children around the world. Every year, a great many children around the world are bullied, but there are things that can be done to help. What is bullying? Bullying is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again. Bullying can happen at school, out of school or online. Bullying includes: calling people mean（恶意的）names. laughing at people. telling lies about people. taking someone’s things without permission（允许） not letting someone play in a group hitting people What is cyber-bullying? Cyberbullying happens online and includes: sending bad messages online sharing photos online without permission not letting someone be in an online group spreading lies online What can you do? If someone is not kind of you, tell an adult who you know and like. For example, talk to parent or a teacher. If you get bad messages, don’t reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don’t share something before you make sure it is true. That will stop the cyberbullying. Talk to your parents or teacher or an adult if you are worried about a friend. Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always remember: think about how to be kind in the future. For more information, visit our home page at www.kidsworld.com. 1．According to the passage, the following are bullying EXCEPT . A．telling lies about people B．calling people mean names C．laughing with people D．not letting someone play in a group 2．Cyberbullying means bullying________. A．at school B．on the street C．at home D．on the Internet 3．When you get bad messages online, you should________. A．share then with friends B．give them to your teacher C．reply to them at once. D．keep them as your secrets 4．If you are not kind to someone , you should________ A．say sorry to him B．talk about it is public C．ask your parents to say sorry D．feel sad and keep quiet 5．This passage is mainly written for________. A．teachers B．parents C．children D．the police 6．The passage mainly tells the readers________. A．who are usually bullied B．where bullying is and how to find it C．how to get rid of bullying D．what bullying is and how to deal with it 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C 6．D 【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍欺凌和网络欺凌的含义；并介绍欺凌发生时孩子们应该怎么处理。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“Bullying includes: calling people mean names  laughing at people telling lies about people  taking someone’s things without permission not letting someone play in a group hitting people”可知ACD选项都属于欺凌；嘲笑别人属于欺凌，C选项“和别人一起笑”不属于欺凌。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Cyberbullying happens online”可知Cyberbullying指的是发生在网上的欺凌行为。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“If you get bad messages, don’t reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family or the police”在网上收到不好的信息，不要回复，把信息给老师、家人或警察。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据“Say sorry if you are not kind to someone”可知对别人不友好你应该道歉。故选A。 5．推理判断题。根据第一段“It happens to millions of children around the world. Every year, a great many children around the world are bullied”以及倒数第三段“Talk to your parents or teacher or an adult if you are worried about a friend”可知文章主要是写给孩子们的，讲述欺凌发生在孩子们身上时应该怎么做，给一些建议。故选C。 6．主旨大意题。根据问题“What is bullying”，“What is cyber-bullying”以及“What can you do”可知文章主要介绍欺凌是什么含义，并介绍欺凌发生时该怎么做，可概括为what bullying is and how to deal with it。故选D。 Passage 4 Four students ask for advice from Young Minds to solve their problems. Mary, 12 A girl in my street always bullied me and she made me lose all of my friends. I tried everything but she would not stop. I tried making any friends because most people already thought I was strange. Then I called Young Minds and a man gave me really good advice and she did not bully me ever again. Joanna, 12 I have large eyes and I get bullied because of it. It started Year I and since then I have been upset about it. Just a week ago I saw a Young Minds advertisement online. I called the number and then I talked to a lady. After the 54-minute talk I finally felt great about myself. I am happy I called them and I wish I had done it before. I stood up to all of those awful people and the bullying has stopped. I really look forward to going to school now. Tracy, 10 I was getting bullied, but I didn’t feel comfortable talking to my parents because they weren’t helping me and being supportive. So I talked to an amazing counselor and it has changed my life. I was so happy to be able to talk to someone who listened. Thank you Young Minds and thank you Miranda Kerr. Belinda, 12 I called because I was getting bullied by a Grade 7 kid and I’m in Grade 8. I wasn’t sure how to deal with it and I called Young Minds. They are really supportive and I spoke to a really nice counselor named Pammy. So don’t be afraid to call Young Minds. Pick up your phone and call 02070895050. 1．The man in Young Minds probably gave Mary advice on how to . A．make friends B．change her personality C．deal with bullying D．bully the girl in the street 2．Joanna got to know about Young Minds from . A．a newspaper B．a magazine C．the TV D．the Internet 3．From the sentence “I stood up to all of those awful people”, we know that . A．Joanna used to go to school very happily B．Joanna fought against being bullied C．Joanna was brave before she talked to a lady D．Joanna felt upset to meet such awful people 4．The underlined part “an amazing counselor” means “ ”. A．a great friend B．a guide teacher C．a good player D．a nice writer 5．From Belinda, we know that . A．she is a grade-7 kid B．she was afraid of going to school. C．she was brave enough to call Young Minds D．she could deal with the bully on her own 6．Which of the following is NOT TRUE from the passage? A．Mary was thought to be strange because she used to bully many people. B．Joanna expected to return to school when the bully to her ended. C．Miranda Kerr worked for Young Minds and helped Tracy out of being bullied. D．If you want to get help from Young Minds, please dial 02070895050. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．C 6．A 【分析】文章大意：四个学生向年轻人寻求解决问题的建议，都得到了心理的帮助，每个人的情况都得到了改变。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Then I called Young Minds and a man gave me really good advice and she did not bully me ever again. 后来我打电话给年轻人，一个男人给了我很好的建议，她再也没有欺负我了。可知，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Just a week ago I saw a Young Minds advertisement online. 就在一周前，我在网上看到一则年轻人的广告。可知，故选D。 3．句意猜测题。根据I am happy I called them and I wish I had done it before. I stood up to all of those awful people and the bullying has stopped. 我终于对自己感觉很好。我很高兴我打电话给他们，我希望我以前做过。我勇敢地面对所有这些可怕的人，欺凌已经停止了。可知，乔安娜反对被欺负。故选B。 4．词义猜测题。根据So I talked to an amazing counselor and it has changed my life. I was so happy to be able to talk to someone who listened. 所以我找了一个很棒的顾问，这改变了我的生活。我很高兴能和听过的人交谈。可知，划线的短语意思是指导老师，故选B。 5．细节理解题。根据Belinda, 12.I called because I was getting bullied by a Grade 7 kid and I’m in Grade 8. I wasn’t sure how to deal with it and I called Young Minds. They are really supportive and I spoke to a really nice counselor named Pammy. So don’t be afraid to call Young Minds. Pick up your phone and call 02070895050. 贝琳达，12岁，我打电话是因为我被一个7年级的孩子欺负了，现在我在8年级。我不知道该怎么处理，我打电话给年轻人。他们非常支持我，我和一个很好的顾问帕米谈过。所以不要害怕给年轻人打电话。拿起电话，打02070895050。可知，她勇敢地给年轻人打电话。故选C。 6．细节理解题。根据I really look forward to going to school now. 我真的很期待现在去上学。可知，B.Joanna expected to return to school when the bully to her ended.是正确的；根据So I talked to an amazing counselor and it has changed my life. I was so happy to be able to talk to someone who listened. Thank you Young Minds and thank you Miranda Kerr. 所以我找了一个很棒的顾问，这改变了我的生活。我很高兴能和听过的人交谈。谢谢年轻人，谢谢米兰达·克尔。可知，C是正确的；根据So don’t be afraid to call Young Minds. Pick up your phone and call 02070895050.所以不要害怕给年轻人打电话。拿起电话，打020708950。可知，D是正确的；故选A。 【点睛】阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，学生要根据上下文意思准确猜出词义。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。本文主要考查学生的细节理解能力。准确理解题意后，到文中找出相关的叙述，做出正确的判断。例如，第一小题，细节理解题。根据Then I called Young Minds and a man gave me really good advice and she did not bully me ever again. 后来我打电话给年轻人，一个男人给了我很好的建议，她再也没有欺负我了。可知，故选C。 1．假定你是李华，你的英国笔友Amy受邀参加主题为“平安校园·少年行动”的联合国青少年论坛（World-Youth-Forum）。她写信向你了解一些关于校园安全的情况。请你根据以下邮件内容给她回复。词数80左右。 提示词汇：school bullying 校园霸凌；sports injuries 运动损伤；affect 影响 注意事项： 1. 回复邮件时可适当发挥，邮件开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名及地名。 Dear Amy, I’m so proud of you. And I would like to share my ideas with you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope these help! Enjoy the activity. Yours, Li Hua 【答案】范文： Dear Amy, I’m so proud of you. And I would like to share my ideas with you. There are actually some safety problems in my school such as school bullying and sports injuries. Some happen in class, during breaks, and even after school. These accidents are so dangerous that they really affect us. If we get hurt, it will take us a long time to get over the pain. In my opinion, if someone bullies you, you had better turn to your teachers or parents. Besides, doing warming-up exercise before P.E. classes can effectively prevent sports injuries. Hope these help! Enjoy the activity. Yours, Li Hua 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：完整覆盖三大核心内容（校园安全问题、危害、解决办法） 确定人称：第一人称I/we/my 注意事项：语句通顺，条理清晰，不得出现真实个人信息，词数80词左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：题干已给出，开门见山，直接引出话题，表明愿意分享校园安全相关看法 主体段：依次介绍①校园存在的安全隐患；②隐患带来的不良影响；③对应的安全应对建议 结尾段：题干已给出，希望为对方提供帮助，并送上活动祝福 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：校园安全问题 school bullying/sports injuries/happen in class/during breaks/after school等 要点二：问题危害 dangerous/affect students/take a long time to get over pain/hurt our body and mood/harmful to our physical health/influence our daily study and our mood等 要点三：应对建议 turn to teachers or parents/do warming-up exercise before P.E. classes/stay away from risky behaviours/don’t be afraid/learn to protect ourselves/work together to build a safe school environment等 2．图书馆是校园中供大家静心阅读、专注学习、查阅资料的公共空间，为了保障每位使用者的权益，维持良好的秩序，图书馆都会制定相应的规则。请结合你的校园生活体验，完成一篇英语作文。词数不少于80词。 提示词语： keep quiet, respect others, focus on, improve efficiency 提示问题： 11. What are the main rules in your school library? 12. Do you agree or disagree with these rules? Why? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 范文： There are several important rules in our school library. First, everyone must keep quiet so that others can focus on their reading or studies. Second, we should respect others by not eating, drinking, or making phone calls inside. Third, all borrowed books need to be returned on time. I strongly agree with these rules because they help create a peaceful environment for everyone. When it is quiet, students can think clearly and improve efficiency. Returning books on time also ensures that more people can share the resources. Following these rules shows respect for our shared learning space. I believe that if everyone obeys them, our library will remain a wonderful place to study and grow. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：主要使用一般现在时； ③提示：需说明图书馆主要规则并表达个人看法，使用所给提示词语，论述清晰，逻辑连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开门见山，列举图书馆的主要规则； 第二步，明确表达对规则的看法（同意），并阐述理由； 第三步，进一步说明遵守规则的意义与积极影响； 第四步，总结并展望。 [亮点词汇] ①keep quiet保持安静 ②focus on专注于 ③improve efficiency提高效率 ④shared learning space共享的学习空间 [高分句型] ①First, everyone must keep quiet so that others can focus on their reading or studies. (so that引导目的状语从句) ②I strongly agree with these rules because they help create a peaceful environment for everyone. (because引导原因状语从句) ③I believe that if everyone obeys them, our library will remain a wonderful place to study and grow. (that引导宾语从句，其中包含if条件状语从句) 3．一个国家有它的法律，一个家庭也有它的一些规矩。最近校报英文版征文，题目为“Follow and grow (家规促成长)”请你写一篇文章投稿，80-120词。 要求包括以下内容： 1. 两条家规； 2. 家规对你的影响； 3. 如何回报你的家庭； 可以适当发挥，但不要出现可能透露考生真实身份的任何信息。 Follow and grow ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Follow and grow In every country, there are laws to keep people safe. Similarly, in my family, we have some rules that guide us every day. Two important ones are: first, we must finish our homework before playing. Second, we have to help with household chores, like setting the table or cleaning our rooms. They teach us responsibility. These rules have greatly influenced me. I’ve learned to manage my time better and understand the value of hard work. I feel more organized and independent. To show my thanks to my family, I try my best to obey these rules and also hug them or help them when they’re tired. Little things like these make our family bond stronger. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材： 本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏家庭规则及影响和如何回报家庭的介绍要点，适当增加细节，使文章重点突出。 [写作步骤] 第一步：开头通过国家法律引出家庭也有规则的话题； 第二步：具体介绍家庭中的两条重要规则，以及这些规则对自己的影响； 第三步：总结全文，表达对家庭的感激，并说明自己为家庭所做的小事来增强家庭纽带 [亮点词汇] ①finish our homework before playing玩之前完成我们的作业 ②help with household chores帮忙做家务 ③setting the table摆餐具 ④manage my time better更好地管理我的时间 ⑤show my thanks表达我的感谢 [高分句型] ①To show my thanks to my family, I try my best to obey these rules and also hug them or help them when they’re tired. (动词不定式作目的状语，when引导时间状语从句) ②Little things like these make our family bond stronger. (主谓宾结构，like these作后置定语修饰Little things) 本单元主题写作 Project：《Produce a short play "Say NO to wrongdoing"》主题项目 项目目标 1. 熟练运用本单元行为对错、是非处事类核心词汇，掌握剧本格式，能使用直接引语、动作神态提示、旁白叙事，完整描述生活中的不当行为冲突情节。 2. 掌握短剧创作完整流程：选题→列大纲→写剧本→表演，区分场景setting、人物characters、旁白narrator、对话dialogues、动作提示actions，提升英语叙事与逻辑梳理能力。 3. 小组合作讨论身边的不当行为，能够课堂表演短剧，引导观众反思自身日常行为，树立正确是非观念。 项目对象 九年级学生 项目时长 1课时（45分钟） 项目准备 1. 学生：提前回想校园、生活里常见不当行为（商店偷窃、校园插队、说谎、抄袭作业、欺凌同学等），草稿记录事件简单情节。 2. 教师：大白纸/剧本草稿纸、课本范例投影、白板、彩色笔，课堂表演空间。 项目步骤 Step1 Plan 挑选事件，确定短剧主题（5分钟） 小组讨论，选定一件生活中的不当行为作为短剧主题，参考课本两个思考问题： - What things may get people in trouble? - Can our short play make the audience think about their own behaviour? 可选素材方向： 1. 消费行为类：超市/零食店顺手拿商品不付款 2. 校园纪律类：考试抄袭作业、考试作弊 3. 人际交往类：校园言语欺凌、背后造谣同学 4. 公共秩序类：公共场所插队、故意损坏公共物品 任务要求：小组选定1个不当行为事件，简单梳理起因、冲突、结局。 Step2 Create 小组头脑风暴，撰写短剧大纲（15分钟） 1. 四人小组合作搭建短剧大纲，大纲必须包含：setting（故事场景）、main characters（包含narrator旁白）、events/plots事件情节细节。 2. 教师巡视指导：补充神态词汇 embarrassed / angry / calm / upset，规范人物括号内动作、情绪标注格式，梳理故事逻辑：事件发生→矛盾暴露→劝说制止→反思改正。 3. 明确角色分工：旁白、犯错人物、制止者、旁观者。 Step3 Write 完成英文剧本创作（15分钟） 1. 参照课本范例格式写剧本，剧本包含 Narrator旁白、人物对话dialogues、括号内动作/神态提示actions。 2. 剧本格式要求： ① Narrator：单独一行，交代时间地点背景； ② 人物名字后加括号，写情绪、动作； ③ 冒号后书写人物台词； ④ 圈画2个本单元重点短语做标记。 3. 剧本篇幅：4‑6轮对话，情节完整，结尾体现知错改正，传递 Say NO to wrongdoing。 Step4 Perform 课堂表演与互评（10分钟） 1. 小组分配角色，排练，上台表演短剧。表演结束后观看其他小组的短剧。 2. 全班投票：vote for the best short play / best actor / best actress，并口头说明投票理由。 评价维度 评分标准 内容完整 事件贴合真实生活，情节完整，能够引发观众反思行为，传递拒绝不当行为的主题 语言准确 拼写语法无误，正确使用剧本格式，人物神态动作提示恰当 表达丰富 对话自然，句式多样，冲突逻辑清晰 现场表演 分工明确，朗读流利，情绪贴合角色，表演流畅 参考范文剧本 Short Play: Say NO to shoplifting Narrator: After school, two students go into a nearby chain food store. Tom walks around and puts a packet of biscuits into his schoolbag secretly. Lucy (in a loud and serious voice): Tom, you haven’t paid for that packet of biscuits. You can’t take things without paying. Tom (embarrassed and nervous): Oh… I’m sorry. I just wanted to eat and I forgot to pay. Lucy (calm): It is wrongdoing. It will get you into big trouble. We should always behave properly. Tom (looking down, regretful): You are right. I won’t do that again. I will go to pay for the biscuits right now. Narrator: Tom goes to pay for his food. He learns a good lesson and decides to say no to any wrongdoing in the future. 写作模板 Short Play: Say NO to wrongdoing Narrator: ________________________________________________________.(交代时间地点背景) ________ (情绪/动作): ________________________________________________________________. ________ (情绪/动作): ________________________________________________________________. ________ (情绪/动作): ________________________________________________________________. Narrator: ________________________________________________________.(故事结局，点明道理) 剧本排版参考 1. 顶部标题：Short Play: Say NO to wrongdoing（彩笔加粗） 2. 首行：Narrator：交代故事场景背景 3. 人物段落：角色名(情绪/动作)：后跟人物台词 4. 剧本空白处简单涂鸦小插图：商店、教室等对应场景简笔画 5. 剧本末尾写上小组成员英文名 6. 用彩笔圈画文中重点短语 get…in trouble、say no to wrongdoing $