Unit 3 Getting Along with Others 语法：限制性定语从句—关系代词 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修一Unit 3限制性定语从句关系代词，通过观察含who、whom、that等关系代词的例句引导学生自主归纳，再系统讲解定语从句定义、先行词及关系代词分类与用法，构建从具体实例到抽象规则的学习支架，衔接基础语法与复杂句式应用。 资料亮点在于例句围绕友谊等学生熟悉主题，练习分层设计，结合随堂填空、课后翻译及语法填空，疑难点津针对性解析that与which等易混点，助力学生提升语言运用能力，培养逻辑思维与自主学习能力，符合新课标核心素养要求。

必修一语法合集 Unit 3 语法 限制性定语从句—关系代词 观察下列例句以及总结关系代词的用法。 1. A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. 2. A real friend is someone whose support we can count on. 3. A real friend is someone who sees our true self, not just the face that we show to the world. 4. Yet these days, the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. 5. Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love. 6. “Sharing” our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us. 7.“Liking” our friends’ photos online does not develop the connection which we share. 归纳总结： 定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、时间等），也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose ,as）和关系副词(where，when，why)。关系词要在定语从句中作某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。 一．关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as的用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 二、关系代词的基本用法 1．who的用法 示例：①The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。 ②He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。 归纳：who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。 2．whom的用法 示例：①Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。 ②The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather. 女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。 归纳：whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 3．which的用法 示例：①The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一台能飞的机器。 ②The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 归纳：which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 4．that的用法 示例：①The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。 ②The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year.每年来参观这个城市的人数达到一百万。 归纳：that既指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。 5．whose的用法 示例：①He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。 ②This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国闻名的科学家。 归纳：whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。 6. as 的用法 as用作关系代词，常引导非限制性定语从；as从句位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……；从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样； as is well known＝as is known to all 众所周知； as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样； as is often the case正如经常发生的那样； As is known to all, Taiwan belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首） Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中） She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末） 三、疑难点津 1．宜用that不宜用which的情况 ①当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。 ②当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 ③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 ④当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most. 她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 2．在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) ②先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted into the hall.超过45岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。 [温馨提示] “one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。 4．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观过的那家工厂。 随堂练习1 一．用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose,as填空。 1. The earthquake ____________shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2. We don’t know the number of people ____________lost their homes in the earthquake. 3. The boy ____________father is a teacher is very clever. 4. ____________ known to us all, Chinese people would like to put up pictures to celebrate the Spring Festival. 5. This is the best film ____________ we have ever made about friendship. 6. We often talk about the persons and things____________we remember. 7. The first place____________he visited in China was the History Museum. 8. Those____________want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 pm. 9. The film ____________you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. 10. Everything _____________he has done benefits the whole team. 11. The group of students who____________(be) standing there are waiting for their head teacher. 12. The young man ____________we invited to take part in the speech contest turned out excellent. 课后练习 一．用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose，as填空。 1. The house ____________they built in 1937 is still in very good condition. 2. The young player____________ dream is to take part in the Olympics practices every day. 3. The people _____________are dangerously overweight should take immediate action to lose weight properly. 4. This is the most moving story ____________I have ever heard. 5. We talked about the teachers and schools____________we had visited. 6. The first lesson ____________ we learned this term is about friendship 7. Those ____________ stick to their goals are more likely to succeed in the end. 8. ____________is reported in the newspaper, many teenagers are fond of after-school clubs 9. I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ____________I met in the English speech contest last year. 10. The girl handed everything____________she had picked up in the street to the police. 11. In the end，she decided to sell the house____________windows were almost all broken. 12. This is the best book ____________I have been looking for all this year. 13. Do you still remember the chicken farm ____________ we visited three months ago? 14. Doing voluntary work is a good way to enrich students' knowledge ____________ is usually unable to be acquired from textbooks. 15. He will never forget the day ____________ he spent with his students. 16. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,____________Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. 17. This is one of the activities that____________ (attract) lots of teenagers every year. 18. The only one of the players who ____________ (gain) full marks will receive a special prize. 二．句子翻译 1. 这种潜能就是你只要足够努力就能够被激发出来的天生能力。 _________________________________________________________________ 2. 那些愿意直面挑战的人更有可能获得成功。 _________________________________________________________________ 3. 我们应当珍惜那些与我们同甘共苦的朋友。 _________________________________________________________________ 4. 我上个月参加的志愿工作让我明白了责任的重要性。 _________________________________________________________________ 5. 众所周知，自信是开启成功之门的钥匙。 _________________________________________________________________ 6. 这是我迄今为止学到的最有用的人生道理。 _________________________________________________________________ 7. 我们今天讨论的话题和人际交往息息相关。 _________________________________________________________________ 8. 你刚刚交谈过的那位老师给了我很多成长方面的建议。 _________________________________________________________________ 9. 这是我进入高中参加的第一项课外活动。（序数词修饰先行词） _________________________________________________________________ 10. 那位父亲是科学家的女孩花了很多时间在科学研究事业上。 _________________________________________________________________ 三．语法填空。 Dear Dr Fang, I read your magazine every month. I myself ____36____ (be) a teenager almost 16, and have some problems at home that I hope you can help me ____37____. The main problem is that I can’t get along with my father. Whenever I want to do something ____38____ suggest an idea, for example, a restaurant we can go to for dinner, he doesn’t listen to me. Then, when I refuse ____39____ (listen) to him, he shouts at me angrily. He and my mother always make me do things I don’t like, such as ____40____ (play) the piano and doing housework. Then, whenever I have some spare time and want to be alone, they call me selfish (自私的) and ____41____ (distance). My father gets ____42____ (annoy) if I play foreign music. Also, every time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying. He even forbids me from chatting with my friends in the Internet café I love him a lot, but I don’t understand ____43____ he is so hard on me and will not respect the things I want to do. He was once ____44____ teenager — he is supposed to understand me ____45____ (well) than he does. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $必修一语法合集 Unit3语法限制性定语从句一一关系代词 观察下列课文原句以及总结关系代词的用法。 1.A real friend is someone who walks in when the rest of the world walks out. who指代人，在从句作主语 2.A real fiiend is someone whose support we can count on. whose指代人，在从句作定语（表所属) 3.A real fiiend is someone who sees our true self,not just the face that we show to the world. who指人作主语：that指代事物（仙he face),从句作宾语，可以省略 4.Yet these days,the modemn tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship. that指代事物(tools),从句作主语，不可省略 5.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love. whom指代人，从句作宾语，可以换成that/省略 6."Sharing"our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us. which指代事物(values),从句作主语，不可省略 7."Liking"our friends'photos online does not develop the connection which we share. which指代事物(connection),从句作宾语，可换成hat/省略 归纳总结： 定语从句：在主从复合句中，修饰限定某一名词或代词的句子，叫定语从句。 定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语，故又称为形容词性从句。 先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，通常为名词（如人、物、地点、 时间等)，也可以是整个主句的内容。 关系词：引导定语从句的词，也叫引导词。分为关系代词(who,whom,hat, which,whose,as)和关系副词(where,when,why)。关系词要在定语从句中作 某个成分，如主语、宾语、状语等。 一.关系代词：that,which,.who,whom,whose,.as的用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语 二、关系代词的基本用法 1.who的用法 示例：①The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是 我的一个同学。 ②He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。 归纳：who指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。 2.whom的用法 示例：①Jack is the person(who/whom)you should care about.杰克是你应该关 心的人。 2The old man (whom)the girl had tricked was my grandfather. 女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。 归纳：whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。 3.which的用法 示例：①The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一台能飞的机器。 ②The gold medal(which)she won has been given to her old school..她赢得的那 块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 归纳：wich指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 4.hat的用法 示例：①The report(hat)Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先 生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。 2The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year..每年来参观这个城市的人数达到一百万。 归纳：that既指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语 时可以省略。 5.whose的用法 示例：①He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那 个房间。 ②This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位全 国闻名的科学家。 归纳：whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。 6.as的用法 as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从：as从句位于主句的前、中、后， 强调前后逻辑一致，表示c正如..；从句多含有see,know,expect,.tell,report等 动词。 as anybody can see正如人人都能看到的那样： as is well known=as is known to all众所周知； as we had expected正如我们所预料的那样； as is often the case正如经常发生的那样； As is known to all,Taiwan belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。(s引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首) Taiwan,as is known to all,belongs to China 众所周知，台湾属于中国。(s引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中) She has married again,as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。(s引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末) 三、疑难点津 l.宜用hat不宜用which的情况 ①当先行词是all,little,much,something,anything,everything,nothing, some等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。 ②当先行词被al,every,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the ight,the last,.just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 ③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有 趣的故事。 ④当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most 她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 2.在以下几种情况下只使用which不用hat。 ①引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen,which I like very much..(which作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students,which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) ②先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持 一致。 Those who are over45won't be permitted into the hall..超过45岁的人不允许进 入这个大厅。 [温馨提示] "one of-+复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；the only one of十复数 名词作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯·狄 更斯所写的书中的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班 里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。 4.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们 上星期天参观过的那家工厂。 随堂练习1 一.用关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose,,as填空。 1.The earthquake that/which shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. 2.We don't know the number of people who/that lost their homes in the earthquake 3.The boy whose father is a teacher is very clever. 4. As is known to us all,Chinese people would like to put up pictures to celebrate the Spring Festival. 5.This is the best film that we have ever made about friendship 6.We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 7.The first place that she visited in China was the History Museum. 8.Those who want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 pm. 9.The film that/which you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. 10.Everything thathe has done benefits the whole team. 11.The group of students who are (be)standing there are waiting for their head teacher 12.The young man who/whom/that we invited to take part in the speech contest turned out excellent 课后练习 一.用关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose,as填空。 1.The house that/which they built in 1937 is still in very good condition. 2.The young player whose dream is to take part in the Olympics practices every day 3.The people that/who are dangerously overweight should take immediate action to lose weight properly. 4.This is the most moving story that I have ever heard. 5.We talked about the teachers and schools that we had visited 6.The first lesson that we learned this term is about fiiendship 7.Those who stick to their goals are more likely to succeed in the end. 8.As is reported in the newspaper,many teenagers are fond of after-school clubs 9.I've become good friends with several of the students in my school that/who/whom I met in the English speech contest last year. 10.The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police 11.In the end,she decided to sell the house whose windows were almost all broken. 12.This is the best book that I have been looking for all this year. 13.Do you still remember the chicken farm that/which we visited three months ago? 14.Doing voluntary work is a good way to enrich students'knowledge that/which is usually unable to be acquired from textbooks. 15.He will never forget the day that/which he spent with his students. 16.Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,as Rachel Carson says in "A Fable for Tomorrow". 17.This is one of the activities that attract (attract)lots of teenagers every year. 18.The only one of the players who gains (gain)full marks will receive a special prize. 二.句子翻译 1.The potential is your natural ability that can be developed when you try hard enough 这种潜能就是你只要足够努力就能够被激发出来的天生能力。 2.Those who are willing to face challenges are more likely to succeed 那些愿意直面挑战的人更有可能获得成功。 3.We should value the friends with whom we share joys and sorrows. 我们应当珍惜那些与我们同甘共苦的朋友。 4.The volunteer work that I joined last month has taught me the importance of responsibility 我上个月参加的志愿工作让我明白了责任的重要性。 5.As is known to all,confidence is the key that/which opens the door to success. 众所周知，自信是开启成功之门的钥匙。 6.这是我迄今为止学到的最有用的人生道理。 This is the most valuable life lesson that I have learned so far. 7.我们今天讨论的话题和人际交往息息相关。 The topic that we are discussing today is closely connected with interpersonal communication 8.你刚刚交谈过的那位老师给了我很多成长方面的建议。 The teacher whom/that you talked with just now has offered me plenty of advice on growth. 9.这是我进入高中参加的第一项课外活动。（序数词修饰先行词) This is the first after-school activity that I have taken part in since entering high school. 10.那位父亲是科学家的女孩花了很多时间在科学研究事业上。 The girl whose father is a scientist spends much time on scientific research. 三.语法填空。 Dear Dr Fang, I read your magazine every month.I myself 36 (be)a teenager'almost 16,and have some problems at home that I hope you can help me 37.The main problem is that I can't get along with my father.Whenever I want to do something 38 suggest an idea,for example,a restaurant we can go to for dinner,he doesn't listen to me.Then,when I refuse 39 (listen)to him,he shouts at me angrily. He and my mother always make me do things I don't like,such as 40 (play)the piano and doing housework.Then,whenever I have some spare time and want to be alone,they call me selfish(自私的)and41(distance). My father gets 42(annoy)if I play foreign music.Also,every time I watch a DVD he sends me to bed or tells me to spend more time studying.He even forbids me from chatting with my friends in the Internet cafe I love him a lot,but I don't understand 43 he is so hard on me and will not respect the things I want to do.He was once 44 teenager-he is supposed to understand me 45 (well)than he does. 【答案】36.am 37.with 38.0r 39.to listen 40.playing 41.distant 42.annoyed 43.why 44.a 45.better 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章是一封青少年写给方博士的求助信，倾诉与 父亲相处的矛盾及家庭中的困扰。 【36题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我今年快16岁了，是一名青少年，最近家里 有些问题，希望您能帮我解决。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是I, be动词用am。故填am。 【37题详解】 考查介词。句意：我今年快16岁了，是一名青少年，最近家里有些问题， 希望您能帮我解决。help sb.wit山hsth.为固定用法，意为帮助某人某事”。故填 with。 【38题详解】 考查连词。句意：不管我想做些什么，或是提出一个想法，比如提议一家可 以去吃晚餐的餐厅，他都不听我的。do something”（做某事)与suggest an idea” (提出想法)是并列选择关系，且句子为肯定句，需用or连接。故填o。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：而当我拒绝听他的话时，他就会生气地对我大喊大 叫。1 efuse to do stl山h.为固定用法，意为拒绝做某事”。故填to listen。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：他和妈妈总是逼我做我不喜欢的事，比如弹钢琴和 做家务。such as后接动名词作宾语。故填playing。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：而且，每当我有一点空闲时间，想一个人待着时，他们 就会说我自私、冷漠。根据and前的selfish可知，此处应用形容词distant疏远 的”，作宾语补足语。故填distant。. 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：要是我听外国音乐，爸爸就会很生气。g©t为系动词， 其后应用形容词annoyed生气的”，作表语，修饰人。故填annoyed。 【43题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：我很爱爸爸，但我不明白他为什么对我这么严格，还 不尊重我想做的事。空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，应用连接副词wy 引导。故填why。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：他也曾是个青少年啊一按理说，他应该比现在更理解我 才对。teenager为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词，且teenager是发音以 辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 【45题详解】 考查副词比较级。句意：他也曾是个青少年啊一按理说，他应该比现在更理解 我才对。根据han可知，此处应用副词well的比较级better.。故填better。