内容正文:
Unit 2 Inspiring People Section A (1a‑2d) 分层作业
基础部分包含核心词汇和短语的背诵默写、进阶部分为单词的适当形式填空、单元语法考察,拓展部分为根据本单元主题设置的阅读理解,包含开放式阅读题、细节理解题等。
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核心词汇
physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ (n.) 物理学家 chemist /ˈkemɪst/ (n.) 化学家
historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ (n.) 历史学家 biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ (n.) 生物学家
researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ (n.) 研究员 professor /prəˈfesə(r)/ (n.) 教授
discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ (n.) 发现 inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ (n.) 发明家
pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ (n.) 先驱 thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ (n.) 思想家
核心短语
look up to 钦佩;仰慕 above all 最重要的是;尤其是
drop out of 辍学;退出 come true 实现;成为现实
Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖
句型速览
It was very creative of him to design it. 他设计它真是太有创造力了。
She is full of courage and wisdom. 她充满勇气和智慧。
It was difficult for him to do that kind of work. 对他来说做那种工作很难。
)
一、单词默写
物理学家 ________ 化学家 ________ 历史学家 ________
生物学家 ________ 研究员 ________ 教授 ________
发现 ________ 发明家 ________ 先驱 ________
思想家 ________
二、短语默写
钦佩;仰慕 ________ 最重要的是;尤其是 ________ 辍学;退出 ________
实现;成为现实 ________ 诺贝尔奖 ________
三、单词词性变换
1. physics (n.) → 物理学家 ________ (n.)
2. chemistry (n.) → 化学家 ________ (n.)
3. history (n.) → 历史学家 ________ (n.)
4. biology (n.) → 生物学家 ________ (n.)
5. discover (v.) → 发现 ________ (n.)
一、用所给词的适当形式填空(共 8 小题)
1. Marie Curie made many important _________ (discover) in physics and chemistry.
2. Yuan Longping developed a new kind of rice and helped reduce _________ (hungry).
3. Michael Faraday did research in physics even though he didn't have much _________ (educate).
4. It was very creative of I.M. Pei _________ (design) the glass pyramid.
5. Wang Yaping is China's first woman _________ (walk) in space.
6. Sima Qian was the _________ (write) of the book Shiji.
7. Many people _________ (look) up to Yuan Longping because of his great achievements.
8. It is always important for us _________ (keep) going in life.
二、完成句子
1. 他设计玻璃金字塔真是太有创造力了。 It was very creative _________ him _________ design the glass pyramid.
2. 她充满勇气和智慧。 She is full _________ courage and _________.
3. 对我来说做那种工作很难。 It was difficult _________ me _________ do that kind of work.
4. 王亚平是中国第一位在太空行走的女性。 Wang Yaping is China's first woman _________ _________ in space.
5. 我们应该尊敬我们的长辈。 We should treat our _________ with _________.
三、选词填空(注意形式) (admire, encourage, wisdom, brave, creative)
1. The artist is very _________ and always has new ideas.
2. We all _________ the scientist for his great contributions to the world.
3. It was _________ of the firefighter to save the child from the fire.
4. My parents always _________ me to follow my dreams.
5. The old man shared his life _________ with the young students.
四、单项选择 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Yuan Longping developed a new kind of rice and helped ________ hunger.
A. reduce B. increase C. spread D. create
2. Michael Faraday did research in physics ________ he didn't have much education.
A. because B. so C. even though D. as
3. It was very creative ________ I.M. Pei ________ the glass pyramid.
A. of; to design B. for; design C. of; design D. for; to design
4. Wang Yaping is full ________ courage and wisdom.
A. in B. of C. with D. for
5. Many people ________ to Yuan Longping because of his great achievements.
A. look up B. look down C. look for D. look after
6. Sima Qian was the ________ of the book Shiji.
A. writer B. reader C. seller D. printer
7. It was difficult ________ him to do that kind of work in those days.
A. of B. for C. to D. with
8. Marie Curie won Nobel Prizes ________ physics and chemistry.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
9. It is always important for us ________ going in life.
A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping
10. ________ all, we should never give up our dreams.
A. In B. At C. Above D. For
一、短文填空(根据中文意思和首字母填空)
Yuan Longping is a great s________ (科学家) who developed a new kind of rice. He helped r________ (减少) hunger in many countries. He t________ (训练) many people in farming. Michael Faraday was a great p________ (物理学家). He d________ (辍学) out of school at an early age, but he continued to study and became a great s________ (科学家). Marie Curie made many important d________ (发现) in physics and c________ (化学). She won Nobel Prizes for her great work.
二、拓展阅读 阅读下面短文,完成以下任务。
Isaac Newton was one of the greatest scientists in history. He was born in England in 1643. When he was young, he showed great curiosity about the world around him. He liked to ask questions and find out how things worked. Newton is best known for his discoveries in physics, especially the laws of motion and gravity. It is said that he saw an apple fall from a tree and this made him think about why things fall to the ground. He spent many years studying and experimenting. Although he faced many challenges, he never gave up. His work changed the way people understand the universe. Today, scientists all over the world still learn from his ideas. Newton once said, "If I have seen further, it is by standing on the shoulders of giants." This shows that great achievements often come from learning from those who came before us.
任务一:选择正确答案
1. When was Isaac Newton born?
A. In 1643. B. In 1646. C. In 1663. D. In 1640.
2. What is Newton best known for?
A. His discoveries in chemistry. B. His discoveries in physics.
C. His discoveries in biology. D. His discoveries in medicine.
3. What made Newton think about why things fall to the ground?
A. A book he read. B. An apple falling from a tree.
C. An experiment he did. D. A teacher's question.
任务二:判断正误 根据短文内容,判断下列句子的正误。正确的写 T,错误的写 F。
1. Newton never faced any challenges in his studies. ( )
2. Newton's work changed the way people understand the universe. ( )
任务三:语法选择 从每小题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Newton ________ in England in 1643.
A. bear B. bore C. was born D. has born
2. He ________ many years studying and experimenting.
A. spend B. spent C. has spent D. was spending
3. Great achievements often come from ________ from those who came before us.
A. learn B. learned C. learning D. to learn
任务四:根据短文内容回答问题
1. What did Newton show great curiosity about when he was young?
_________________________________________________________
2. What does Newton's famous quote mean to you?
_________________________________________________________
任务五:写作任务
假设你是牛顿,请根据短文内容,用 2‑3 句话描述你发现万有引力定律的过程和感受。
写作提示:你可以从苹果落下的观察(apple falling)、思考的问题(why things fall to the ground)、多年的研究(years of studying)、取得的成就(achievements)等方面来描述。
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
参考答案及详细解析
夯实基础
一、单词默写
physicist; chemist; historian; biologist; researcher; professor; discovery; inventor; pioneer; thinker
二、短语默写
look up to; above all; drop out of; come true; Nobel Prize
三、单词词性变换
1. physicist。physics(物理学)→ physicist(物理学家)。‑ist 后缀表示 "…… 专家 / 从事…… 的人"。
2. chemist。chemistry(化学)→ chemist(化学家)。‑ist 后缀。
3. historian。history(历史)→ historian(历史学家)。‑ian 后缀。
4. biologist。biology(生物学)→ biologist(生物学家)。‑ist 后缀。
5. discovery。discover(发现)→ discovery(发现)。‑y 后缀构成名词。
能力进阶
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. discoveries
【句意】居里夫人在物理和化学方面做出了许多重要发现。
【解析】discovery 为可数名词,many 后用复数形式 discoveries。
2. hunger
【句意】袁隆平培育了新型水稻,帮助减少了饥饿。
【解析】reduce hunger 意为 "减少饥饿",hunger 为不可数名词。
3. education
【句意】迈克尔・法拉第做物理研究,尽管他没有受过多少教育。
【解析】have much education 意为 "受过很多教育",education 为不可数名词。
4. to design
【句意】贝聿铭设计玻璃金字塔真是太有创造力了。
【解析】"It was creative of sb to do sth" 为固定句型,不定式作真正主语。
5. to walk
【句意】王亚平是中国第一位在太空行走的女性。
【解析】序数词后用不定式作定语,to walk 修饰 woman。
6. writer
【句意】司马迁是《史记》的作者。
【解析】writer 意为 "作者",the writer of the book 意为 "这本书的作者"。
7. look
【句意】许多人因袁隆平的伟大成就而钦佩他。
【解析】many people 为复数,一般现在时用 look。look up to 为固定短语。
8. to keep
【句意】在生活中坚持下去对我们来说总是很重要。
【解析】"It is important for us to do sth" 为固定句型,不定式作真正主语。
二、完成句子
1. of; to
【句意】他设计玻璃金字塔真是太有创造力了。
【解析】"It was creative of sb to do sth" 为固定句型,of 表示人的品质。
2. of; wisdom
【句意】她充满勇气和智慧。
【解析】"be full of" 意为 "充满",后接名词。wisdom 意为 "智慧"。
3. for; to
【句意】对我来说做那种工作很难。
【解析】"It was difficult for sb to do sth" 为固定句型,for 表示 "对…… 来说"。
4. to walk
【句意】王亚平是中国第一位在太空行走的女性。
【解析】不定式 to walk 作后置定语,修饰 woman。
5. elders; respect
【句意】我们应该尊敬我们的长辈。
【解析】elders 意为 "长辈",respect 意为 "尊敬"。
三、选词填空
1. creative
【句意】这位艺术家非常有创造力,总有新想法。
【解析】creative 意为 "有创造力的",修饰 artist。
2. admire
【句意】我们都钦佩这位科学家对世界的巨大贡献。
【解析】admire 意为 "钦佩",与 great contributions 呼应。
3. brave
【句意】消防员从火中救出孩子真是勇敢。
【解析】brave 意为 "勇敢的",与 save the child from the fire 呼应。
4. encourage
【句意】我父母总是鼓励我追寻梦想。
【解析】encourage 意为 "鼓励",encourage sb to do sth 为固定搭配。
5. wisdom
【句意】老人与年轻学生分享了他的人生智慧。
【解析】wisdom 意为 "智慧",life wisdom 意为 "人生智慧"。
四、单项选择
1. A
【句意】袁隆平培育了新型水稻,帮助减少了饥饿。
【解析】reduce 意为 "减少",与 hunger 搭配表示 "减少饥饿"。increase(增加)、spread(传播)、create(创造)均不符合。
2. C
【句意】迈克尔・法拉第做物理研究,尽管他没有受过多少教育。
【解析】even though 意为 "尽管",引导让步状语从句。because(因为)表原因,so(所以)表结果,as(因为 / 当)不符合。
3. A
【句意】贝聿铭设计玻璃金字塔真是太有创造力了。
【解析】"It was creative of sb to do sth" 为固定句型,of 表示人的品质,to design 为不定式作真正主语。
4. B
【句意】王亚平充满勇气和智慧。
【解析】"be full of" 为固定搭配,意为 "充满"。
5. A
【句意】许多人因袁隆平的伟大成就而钦佩他。
【解析】"look up to" 意为 "钦佩;仰慕"。look down(向下看 / 轻视)、look for(寻找)、look after(照顾)均不符合。
6. A
【句意】司马迁是《史记》的作者。
【解析】writer 意为 "作者"。reader(读者)、seller(卖家)、printer(印刷工)均不符合。
7. B
【句意】对他来说做那种工作很难。
【解析】"It was difficult for sb to do sth" 为固定句型,for 表示 "对…… 来说"。
8. C
【句意】居里夫人获得了诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖。
【解析】"Nobel Prize in..." 表示 "…… 领域的诺贝尔奖",用介词 in。
9. C
【句意】在生活中坚持下去对我们来说总是很重要。
【解析】"It is important for us to do sth" 为固定句型,不定式作真正主语。
10. C
【句意】最重要的是,我们永远不应该放弃梦想。
【解析】"Above all" 为固定短语,意为 "最重要的是"。
拓展提高
一、短文填空
1. scientist
【句意】袁隆平是一位伟大的科学家,他培育了新型水稻。
【解析】中文提示 "科学家",对应词汇 scientist。a great scientist 意为 "一位伟大的科学家"。
2. reduce
【句意】他帮助减少了许多国家的饥饿。
【解析】中文提示 "减少",对应词汇 reduce。helped reduce 为 "帮助减少"。
3. trained
【句意】他训练了许多人从事农业。
【解析】中文提示 "训练",对应词汇 train。描述过去的事,用过去式 trained。
4. physicist
【句意】迈克尔・法拉第是一位伟大的物理学家。
【解析】中文提示 "物理学家",对应词汇 physicist。a great physicist 意为 "一位伟大的物理学家"。
5. dropped
【句意】他小小年纪就辍学了。
【解析】中文提示 "辍学",对应短语 "drop out of"。描述过去的事,用过去式 dropped。
6. scientist
【句意】但他继续学习,成为了一位伟大的科学家。
【解析】中文提示 "科学家",对应词汇 scientist。a great scientist 意为 "一位伟大的科学家"。
7. discoveries
【句意】居里夫人在物理和化学方面做出了许多重要发现。
【解析】中文提示 "发现",对应词汇 discovery。many 后用复数 discoveries。
8. chemistry
【句意】居里夫人在物理和化学方面做出了许多重要发现。
【解析】中文提示 "化学",对应词汇 chemistry。physics and chemistry 意为 "物理和化学"。
二、拓展阅读
【全文概括】 本文介绍了英国科学家艾萨克・牛顿的生平与成就。牛顿出生于 1643 年,小时候就对周围的世界充满好奇心,喜欢提出问题并探究事物的原理。他最著名的成就是物理学上的发现,尤其是运动定律和万有引力定律。据说他看到苹果从树上落下,由此引发了对 "物体为何会下落" 的思考。他花费多年时间进行研究和实验,尽管面临诸多挑战,但从未放弃。他的工作改变了人类对宇宙的理解,至今全世界的科学家仍从他的思想中汲取智慧。他的名言 "如果我看得更远,那是因为我站在巨人的肩膀上" 表明伟大的成就往往源于向前人学习。
任务一:选择正确答案
1. A
【句意】艾萨克・牛顿是什么时候出生的?
【解析】根据第一句 "born in England in 1643" 可知是 1643 年。
2. B
【句意】牛顿最著名的是什么?
【解析】根据 "best known for his discoveries in physics" 可知是物理学发现。
3. B
【句意】是什么让牛顿思考 "物体为何会下落"?
【解析】根据 "saw an apple fall from a tree and this made him think" 可知是一个苹果从树上落下。
任务二:判断正误
1. F
【句意】牛顿在研究过程中从未遇到过挑战。
【解析】根据 "Although he faced many challenges" 可知他面临过很多挑战。
2. T
【句意】牛顿的工作改变了人类对宇宙的理解。
【解析】根据 "His work changed the way people understand the universe" 可知本题正确。
任务三:语法选择
1. C
【句意】牛顿于 1643 年出生在英格兰。
【解析】"was born" 表示 "出生",为被动语态。A 为原形,B 为过去式(主动),D 为错误形式。
2. B
【句意】他花费了许多年进行研究和实验。
【解析】描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时 spent。A 为原形,C 为完成时,D 为进行时。
3. C
【句意】伟大的成就往往源于向前人学习。
【解析】"from" 为介词,后接动名词 learning。A 为原形,B 为过去分词,D 为不定式。
任务四:回答问题
1. He showed great curiosity about the world around him.
【解析】根据 "When he was young, he showed great curiosity about the world around him" 可知。
2. It means that great achievements come from learning from those who came before us. / It encourages us to learn from others' wisdom and experience.(开放性题目,答案合理即可)
【解析】根据 "great achievements often come from learning from those who came before us" 可概括。
任务五:写作任务
Possible answer: One day, I saw an apple fall from a tree. This made me think about why things fall to the ground. After many years of studying and experimenting, I discovered the laws of motion and gravity. I am proud that my work has helped people understand the universe better.
(有一天,我看到一个苹果从树上落下。这让我思考为什么物体会落到地面上。经过多年的研究和实验,我发现了运动定律和万有引力定律。我为我的工作帮助人们更好地理解宇宙而感到自豪。)
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