Unit 2 Onwards and Upwards语法(动名词;动词不定式作宾语)导学案-2026-2027学年外研版高中英语选择性必修第一册

该高中英语导学案以“动词不定式和动名词作宾语”为核心，围绕用法差异（动作时间、主观意愿等）构建学习目标，通过“核心概念-固定用法分类-重难点辨析-特殊规则”的递进式设计，形成连贯的知识建构路径，系统覆盖单元语法要点。 亮点在于“分类精讲+分层练习”的任务设计，如“高频必背清单”强化固定搭配记忆，“语义差异双例句”培养分析比较的思维品质，配套填空、改写、汉译英练习提升语言应用能力。既为学生提供清晰学习支架，又为教师单元复习教学提供精准指导，促进深度学习与能力发展。

Unit2 Onwards and Upwards语法讲解与练习 一、语法:动词不定式和动名词作宾语详细讲解 1. 核心概念 非谓语动词中，动词不定式（to do）和动名词（v-ing）可在句中充当宾语，放在谓语动词之后。二者用法差异是本单元核心考点，主要区别体现在：动作发生时间、主观意愿、固定搭配、语义差异四个方面。 核心前提：只有及物动词/动词短语后可接to do / v-ing作宾语，不及物动词不可直接接非谓语作宾语。 2. 固定用法分类精讲（必考） （1）只能接 to do 作宾语的动词（不定式专属动词） 此类动词后只能用不定式，表未发生、将要发生、主观决定、未来动作。 高频必背清单：afford（负担得起）、agree（同意）、decide（决定）、determine（决心）、expect（期待）、fail（未能）、hope（希望）、learn（学习）、manage（设法做成）、plan（计划）、promise（承诺）、refuse（拒绝）、wish（希望）、pretend（假装） 例句1：He decided to keep working hard to achieve his goals. 译文：他决定继续努力，实现自己的目标。 例句2：She refused to give up when she faced difficulties. 译文：面对困难时，她拒绝放弃。 （2）只能接 v-ing 作宾语的动词（动名词专属动词） 此类动词后只能用动名词，表已发生、习惯性、抽象性、持续性动作。 高频必背清单：admit（承认）、avoid（避免）、consider（考虑）、enjoy（享受）、finish（完成）、imagine（想象）、mind（介意）、practice（练习）、suggest（建议）、keep（保持）、miss（错过）、risk（冒险） 例句1：You should avoid making the same mistake again. 译文：你应该避免再次犯同样的错误。 例句2：She enjoys challenging herself in study and life. 译文：她喜欢在学习和生活中挑战自我。 （3）特殊固定短语：只接v-ing 大量固定动词短语后必须用动名词，无不定式用法，考试高频易错： give up（放弃）、put off（推迟）、delay（拖延）、be used to（习惯于）、look forward to（期待）、devote to（致力于）、pay attention to（注意）、stick to（坚持） ⚠️重点：以上短语中to为介词，后接名词/动名词，绝不接to do！ 例句：We are looking forward to making progress in our study. 译文：我们期待在学习中取得进步。 3. 重难点辨析：既可接to do又可接v-ing，语义不同（超高频考点） 部分动词后两种形式均可接，但含义完全不同，是单元重难点、单选和改错必考考点，搭配双例句精准区分： （1）remember to do / remember doing remember to do：记得要去做某事（动作未发生，表将来） 例句1：Please remember to finish your homework on time. 译文：请记得按时完成作业。 remember doing：记得做过某事（动作已发生，表回忆） 例句2：I remember meeting him at the school gate yesterday. 译文：我记得昨天在校门口见过他。 （2）forget to do / forget doing forget to do：忘记要去做某事（动作未做） 例句1：He forgot to take his notebook to class this morning. 译文：他今早忘记带笔记本去上课了。 forget doing：忘记做过某事（动作已做，但不记得） 例句2：He forgot telling me the news, so he said it again. 译文：他忘记告诉过我这个消息，所以又说了一遍。 （3）stop to do / stop doing stop to do：停下来（手头的事）去做另一件事（目的） 例句1：He stopped to rest after studying for three hours. 译文：学习三小时后，他停下来休息了一下。 stop doing：停止正在做的事情（终止当前动作） 例句2：You should stop wasting time on meaningless things. 译文：你应该停止在无意义的事情上浪费时间。 （4）try to do / try doing try to do：努力、尽力做某事（侧重付出努力，难度较大） 例句1：She tried to overcome her shortcomings in daily life. 译文：她努力在日常生活中克服自己的缺点。 try doing：尝试做某事（侧重试验方法、试一试） 例句2：Try changing your learning method, and you will get improved. 译文：试着改变你的学习方法，你就会有所进步。 （5）regret to do / regret doing regret to do：遗憾、抱歉要做某事（多用于say/tell/inform，未发生） 例句1：I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 译文：我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试不及格。 regret doing：后悔做过某事（动作已发生，心存懊悔） 例句2：He regretted not taking the teacher’s advice. 译文：他后悔没有听从老师的建议。 4. 特殊语法规则 （1）不定式省略to的情况 使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, feel）后接宾语+宾补时，省略to；但被动语态必须还原to。 （2）it作形式宾语 主语+ find/think/make/feel + it + adj/noun + to do sth（真正宾语为后置不定式） 例句：I think it necessary to develop a good learning habit. 译文：我认为养成良好的学习习惯很有必要。 二、配套练习题 Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 提示：根据动词固定搭配、语义差异，用所给动词的to do / v-ing形式填空 1. He decided ________ (improve) his English in the new term. 2. You should avoid ________ (make) careless mistakes in exams. 3. She refused ________ (give) up her dream of becoming a teacher. 4. I remember ________ (meet) this senior student at the sports meeting last week. 5. Please remember ________ (bring) your textbook tomorrow morning. 6. He forgot ________ (lock) the door when he left the classroom yesterday. 7. The boy forgot ________ (tell) me the story, so he repeated it again. 8. They stopped ________ (talk) and began to listen to the teacher carefully. 9. She stopped ________ (drink) some water after running for 10 minutes. 10. We should try ________ (solve) the problem by ourselves first. 11. Try ________ (change) your attitude, and you will feel better. 12. I regret ________ (miss) such a valuable lecture last Friday. 13. I regret ________ (inform) you that your application has been refused. 14. She enjoys ________ (challenge) herself in difficult tasks. 15. We are looking forward to ________ (achieve) our long-term goals. 16. He practiced ________ (speak) English every morning to improve his oral English. 17. The teacher suggested ________ (review) knowledge in time after class. 18. He managed ________ (finish) all his tasks ahead of time. 19. Don’t mind ________ (help) others when they are in trouble. 20. She promised ________ (stick) to her original dream. 21. We should devote ourselves to ________ (learn) useful knowledge. 22. He pretended ________ (know) nothing about the accident. 23. Please put off ________ (hold) the meeting because of the bad weather. 24. I think it important ________ (build) self-confidence in our growth. 25. He failed ________ (pass) the exam, so he decided to work harder. Ⅱ.句子改写 要求：根据句意，将原句改写为含正确to do/v-ing作宾语的句型，保证句意不变、语法正确 1. He made up his mind to keep working hard.（用decide改写） ________________________________________________________ 2. It is better for you to not make similar mistakes again.（用avoid改写） ________________________________________________________ 3. She didn’t give up pursuing her dream though she met difficulties.（用refuse改写） ________________________________________________________ 4. I still recall that I have learned this knowledge before.（用remember doing改写） ________________________________________________________ 5. He paused in his work so that he could take a short break.（用stop to do改写） ________________________________________________________ 6. He felt sorry because he didn’t take his teacher’s advice.（用regret doing改写） ________________________________________________________ 7. We hope that we can make great progress in the new term.（用look forward to改写） ________________________________________________________ 8. She spent half an hour practicing oral English every day.（用practice doing改写） ________________________________________________________ 9. The teacher advised us to go over our notes regularly.（用suggest doing改写） ________________________________________________________ 10. He succeeded in finishing the tough task on time.（用manage to do改写） ________________________________________________________ Ⅲ.汉译英 要求：每句必须正确使用to do 或 v-ing作宾语，语法规范、语句通顺 1. 我们应该避免在学习中半途而废。 ________________________________________________________ 2. 他决定新学期努力提升自己的综合能力。 ________________________________________________________ 3. 我记得曾经读过这本励志书籍。 ________________________________________________________ 4. 请记得明天带上你的学习笔记。 ________________________________________________________ 5. 她后悔没有坚持自己的初心。 ________________________________________________________ 6. 我们期待在成长的道路上不断进步。 ________________________________________________________ 7. 你可以尝试改变学习方法来提高效率。 ________________________________________________________ 8. 他停下来帮助路边需要帮助的老人。 ________________________________________________________ 9. 这位学生每天坚持练习英语听力。 ________________________________________________________ 10. 老师建议我们合理规划课余时间。 ________________________________________________________ 11. 他拒绝向困难低头，一直努力坚持。 ________________________________________________________ 12. 我认为培养自律的习惯对我们很重要。 ________________________________________________________ 13. 不要害怕尝试新事物，这有助于我们成长。 ________________________________________________________ 14. 他设法在截止日期前完成了所有作业。 ________________________________________________________ 15. 我们应该坚持学习，不断超越自我。 ________________________________________________________ Keys Ⅰ.用所给词的正确形式填空 1. to improve 2. making 3. to give 4. meeting 5. to bring 6. to lock 7. telling 8. talking 9. to drink 10. to solve 11. changing 12. missing 13. to inform 14. challenging 15. achieving 16. speaking 17. reviewing 18. to finish 19. helping 20. to stick 21. learning 22. to know 23. holding 24. to build 25. to pass Ⅱ.句子改写 1. He decided to keep working hard. 2. You should avoid making similar mistakes again. 3. She refused to give up pursuing her dream though she met difficulties. 4. I remember learning this knowledge before. 5. He stopped to take a short break from his work. 6. He regretted not taking his teacher’s advice. 7. We are looking forward to making great progress in the new term. 8. She practiced speaking English for half an hour every day. 9. The teacher suggested going over our notes regularly. 10. He managed to finish the tough task on time. Ⅲ.汉译英 1. We should avoid giving up halfway in our study. 2. He decided to improve his comprehensive abilities in the new term. 3. I remember reading this inspirational book once. 4. Please remember to bring your study notes tomorrow. 5. She regretted not sticking to her original heart. 6. We look forward to making continuous progress on the road of growth. 7. You can try changing your learning methods to improve efficiency. 8. He stopped to help the elderly in need on the roadside. 9. The student keeps practicing English listening every day. 10. The teacher suggested planning our spare time reasonably. 11. He refused to give in to difficulties and kept working hard. 12. I think it important to develop the habit of self-discipline. 13. Don’t be afraid to try new things, which helps us grow. 14. He managed to finish all his homework before the deadline. 15. We should keep learning and surpassing ourselves continuously. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $