Unit 4 Our Memory 阅读表达（热点题型专练）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与自我——记忆”话题，通过基础巩固与拔高分层训练，系统构建记忆相关知识逻辑，提升语言理解与表达能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |巩固基础·专项突破|5篇短文，每篇5问|细节提取、原因分析、方法概括题，考查直接信息获取|从记忆重要性、提升方法到记忆与情感、家庭记忆保存，由基础概念到生活应用| |培优拔高·挑战攻坚|5篇短文，每篇4-5问|推理判断、观点阐述题，需整合信息与逻辑表达|深入遗忘机制、前瞻记忆、饮食与记忆等，从科学原理到策略迁移，深化思维品质|

Unit 4 Our Memory 阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与自我——记忆） 参考答案 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 1．Good memory. 2．Because it makes our brain active. 3．Fish, eggs and nuts. 4．Four. 5．A happy mood. Passage 2 1．We remember emotional events better because our brain releases chemicals that strengthen the connections between neurons. 2．Positive emotions can make memories vivid. 3．Strong emotions can reduce our brain’s ability to store new information. 4．They can connect the material to something they care about and find personal meaning in what they are learning. 5．Take deep breaths during exams. Passage 3 1．We should print them out or make a photo album. 2．They should write down one happy thing that happened each week. 3．They should share their memories at dinner. They should take turns telling a funny or touching memory from the past instead of watching TV. 4．We can put small objects from family trips into it, such as tickets and postcards. 5．It can also strengthen family bonds. Passage 4 1．It will become weak. 2．He himself. 3．Because they have to remember things with their mind. 4．Practise remembering things in the same way as other people do. 5．How to have a good memory. Passage 5 1．Shortterm memory and longterm memory. 2．Anxiety and tiredness. 3．Graphs and outlines. 4．Happy activities such as picnics. 5．Because too much heavy study brings sadness and weakens our brain. 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 1．It helps the brain focus on what is truly important. 2．New information mixes up with old information, making it hard to recall. 3．It signals the brain to store important information in longterm memory. 4．Yes, but only if done regularly; cramming all at once is not effective./Yes, because reviewing strengthens memories and helps recall.（答案合理即可） Passage 2 1．Repetition./Repeating information. 2．People who got enough sleep remembered 20% more./Eight hours of sleep helped people remember more. 3．Because the brain pays more attention to experiences with strong emotions. 4．No, because forgetting is normal and teenagers can improve memory with good techniques and a healthy lifestyle.（答案合理即可） Passage 3 1．It introduces the concept of prospective memory by contrasting different memory situations. 2．Timebased prospective memory and eventbased prospective memory. 3．Because the brain is too busy with other thoughts to record the action. 4．By connecting the task with a related image or location in your mind. 5．Setting alarms on my phone. Because I always carry my phone and it reminds me accurately./Mental linking. Because it trains my brain to focus and improves my memory naturally.（答案合理即可） Passage 4 1．Over 20 years. 2．Greenleaf vegetables, orange and red vegetables, and carotenoidrich vegetables like carrots and pumpkins. 3．A growing number of “yes” answers. 4．Diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy. 5．Yes, because it helps improve memory.（答案合理即可） Passage 5 1．For around 2030 seconds. 2．It is the place where memories are stored for a long time. 3．Moving information from shortterm to longterm memory. 4．Because it helps our brain to remember things that are important. 5．Reviewing what you have learned before bed.（答案不唯一，合理即可） 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Our Memory 阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与自我——记忆） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Good memory is important for study and life. Here are four easy ways to improve your memory. First, take exercise. Exercise makes blood flow fast in our bodies. It provides more oxygen for our brain and makes our brain active. Active brain has better memory. Second, eat healthy food. Food like fish, eggs and nuts is good for our brain. They can help our brain work better. Never eat too much junk food. It is bad for brain health. Third, keep learning new things. Learning new skills or knowledge can exercise our brain and stop memory from becoming weak. Fourth, keep a happy mood. Stress and sadness will hurt our memory. Being happy helps our brain work normally. 1．What is important for our study and life? ________________________________________ 2．Why do we need to take exercise? ________________________________________ 3．What kind of food is good for our brain? ________________________________________ 4．How many ways to improve memory are mentioned? ________________________________________ 5．What mood is good for our memory? ________________________________________ 【答案】1．Good memory. 2．Because it makes our brain active. 3．Fish, eggs and nuts. 4．Four. 5．A happy mood. 【导语】本文讲述了良好的记忆力对学习和生活十分重要，随后分四点介绍了提升记忆力的简单方法。 【详解】 1．根据短文第一句“Good memory is important for study and life.”可知，好的记忆力对学习和生活重要，所以答案是Good memory. 2．文中第二段提到“First, take exercise. Exercise makes blood flow fast in our bodies. It provides more oxygen for our brain and makes our brain active. Active brain has better memory.”，重点强调了锻炼能让大脑活跃，所以答案是Because it makes our brain active. 3．从文中第三段提到“Second, eat healthy food. Food like fish, eggs and nuts is good for our brain.”可知，鱼、鸡蛋和坚果对大脑有好处，答案即为Fish, eggs and nuts. 4．短文依次用“First ... Second ... Third ... Fourth ... ”列举了锻炼、吃健康食物、不断学习新事物、保持愉快心情这四种方法，故答案是Four. 5．依据文中结尾段提到“Fourth, keep a happy mood. Stress and sadness will hurt our memory. Being happy helps our brain work normally.”可知，愉快的心情对记忆力有好处，答案是A happy mood. Passage 2 Memory and Emotions Have you ever noticed that you remember emotional events much better than ordinary ones? For example, you can probably recall exactly where you were and what you were doing when you heard some exciting news, but you may not remember what you had for lunch last Tuesday. This is because emotions play a powerful role in memory. When we experience something emotional, our brain releases chemicals that strengthen the connections between neurons. This makes the memory stronger and more lasting. Positive emotions, like happiness and love, can make memories vivid. Negative emotions, like fear and sadness, can also create very strong memories. That is why people often remember traumatic (创伤的) events clearly, even if they wish they could forget them. However, strong emotions can also have a downside. When we are very stressed or anxious, our brain’s ability to store new information can be reduced. This is why students sometimes perform poorly on exams if they are too nervous—their stress interferes with their memory. Knowing this, we can use emotions to our advantage. When you study, try to connect the material to something you care about. Find personal meaning in what you are learning. Also, stay calm during exams by taking deep breaths. A relaxed mind remembers better than a worried one. In short, emotions and memory are closely linked. By understanding this relationship, you can become a smarter learner. 1．According to the passage, why do we remember emotional events better? ________________________________________ 2．How do positive emotions affect memories? ________________________________________ 3．What is one downside of strong emotions mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________ 4．How can students use emotions to improve their studying? ________________________________________ 5．What advice does the passage give for staying calm during exams? ________________________________________ 【答案】1．We remember emotional events better because our brain releases chemicals that strengthen the connections between neurons. 2．Our brain releases chemicals that strengthen the connections between neurons. 3．Strong emotions can reduce our brain’s ability to store new information. 4．They can connect the material to something they care about and find personal meaning in what they are learning. 5．Take deep breaths during exams. 【导语】本文解释了情绪与记忆的关系，指出情绪性事件的记忆更深刻的原因，并提供了利用情绪提升学习效果的建议。 【详解】 1．第一段最后一句“This is because emotions play a powerful role in memory.”和第二段第一句“our brain releases chemicals that strengthen the connections between neurons”都解释了原因。 2．第二段第一句“When we experience something emotional, our brain releases chemicals that strengthen the connections between neurons.”直接提取，说明经历情绪事件时大脑释放的化学物质及其作用。 3．第三段提到“strong emotions can also have a downside... our brain’s ability to store new information can be reduced.”直接说明强烈情绪的负面影响。 4．第四段提到“try to connect the material to something you care about. Find personal meaning in what you are learning.”，将这两点整合即为答案。 5．第四段最后提到“stay calm during exams by taking deep breaths.”直接提取，说明保持冷静的方法。 Passage 3 How to Keep Family Memories Alive Our family memories are precious, but they can fade over time. Here are some simple ways to keep them alive. First, take photos and videos. But don’t just store them on your phone—print them out or make a photo album. Looking at physical pictures often helps you recall the feelings of that moment. Second, write a family journal. Ask every family member to write down one happy thing that happened each week. Read them together during holidays. This creates a written history of your family. Third, share stories at dinner. Instead of watching TV, take turns telling a funny or touching memory from the past. This not only keeps memories alive but also strengthens family bonds. Fourth, make a “memory box”. Put in small objects like tickets, postcards, or seashells from family trips. Whenever you open the box, the objects will bring back wonderful memories. 请根据短文内容回答以下问题（用完整句子）： 1．What should you do with photos and videos instead of just storing them on your phone? ________________________________________ 2．What should every family member write down in the family journal each week? ________________________________________ 3．When and how should family members share their memories? ________________________________________ 4．What kind of objects can you put into a “memory box”? Give two examples. ________________________________________ 5．Besides keeping memories alive, what other benefit can sharing stories at dinner bring? ________________________________________ 【答案】1．We should print them out or make a photo album. 2．They should write down one happy thing that happened each week. 3．They should share their memories at dinner. They should take turns telling a funny or touching memory from the past instead of watching TV. 4．We can put small objects from family trips into it, such as tickets and postcards. 5．It can also strengthen family bonds. 【导语】本文主要讲述了几种留住家庭回忆的简单可行的方法。 【详解】 1．原文第二段直接给出做法：“But don’t just store them on your phone—print them out or make a photo album.”。因此答案是原文直接提取信息。 2．原文第三段明确写到：“Ask every family member to write down one happy thing that happened each week.”。这是原文中的具体信息，直接提取。 3．此答案是对第四段信息的概括总结。该段提到时间和方式两个事实：时间是“at dinner”；方式是“instead of watching TV, take turns telling a funny or touching memory from the past”。答案将这两点整合作答。 4．第五段开头直接给出可以放进记忆盒的小物件：“Put in small objects like tickets, postcards, or seashells from family trips.”，任选两个举例即可，答案几乎是原文引述。 5．本题在第四段末尾直接给出补充好处：“This not only keeps memories alive but also strengthens family bonds.”，直接提取后半部分信息作答。 Passage 4 If you do not use your arms or your legs for a long time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory alive by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chances to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault (过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame (责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things with their mind. They cannot write them down in a small notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories, so their memory is being exercised the whole time. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from others: practise remembering things in the same way as other people do. 阅读短文, 完成下列各题。 1．What will happen if you do not use your memory? ________________________________________ 2．Who is to blame if one has a poor memory? ________________________________________ 3．Why do the people who can’t read or write usually have better memories? ________________________________________ 4．What should you do to have a good memory? ________________________________________ 5．What is the passage mainly about? ________________________________________ 【答案】1．It will become weak. 2．He himself. 3．Because they have to remember things with their mind. 4．Practise remembering things in the same way as other people do. 5．How to have a good memory. 【导语】本文主要通过类比肌肉锻炼，阐述了记忆力的工作原理，解释了记忆力差的原因，并给出了如何拥有良好记忆力的建议。 【详解】 1．根据文章第一段“If you do not use your arms or your legs for a long time, they will become weak… memory works in the same way.”，可推知，如果不使用记忆力，它也会变弱。所以填It will become weak. 2．根据文章第二段“few of us know that it is just his own fault.”，可推知，记忆力差应该责备自己。所以填He himself. 3．根据文章第二段“This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things with their mind.”可推知，不识字的人记忆力好是因为他们必须用心记忆，直接从原文提取信息。 4．根据文章第三段“practise remembering things in the same way as other people do.”可推知，想要拥有好记忆力需要练习记事情，直接从原文提取信息。 5．通读全文可知，文章主要围绕记忆力展开，讨论了记忆力变差的原因及如何改善。根据文章主旨可推知，本文主要讲的是如何拥有好的记忆力。所以填How to have a good memory. Passage 5 Human brains hold two kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory runs out of energy fast when people feel anxious or worn out. It is easy to mix different information up without special training. There are great techniques to improve memory. First, divide long passages into small parts and draw graphs or outlines to organize images. Second, when you go through textbooks, tick key sentences and put all study materials to good use. Happy activities such as picnics create stable memory chains and make recalling easier. There is no one-size-fits-all memory skill. Different people have different ways to memorize things. Too much heavy study brings sadness and weakens our brain. Daily small practice helps us store information and recall it fully later. 1．What two kinds of memory does our brain have? ________________________________________ 2．What makes short-term memory disappear quickly? ________________________________________ 3．What can we draw to organize information for memorizing? ________________________________________ 4．What creates stable memory chains in our brain? ________________________________________ 5．Why shouldn’t we study for too long without rest? ________________________________________ 【答案】1．Short-term memory and long-term memory. 2．Anxiety and tiredness. 3．Graphs and outlines. 4．Happy activities such as picnics. 5．Because too much heavy study brings sadness and weakens our brain. 【导语】本文介绍人类大脑的两种记忆类型，讲解短期记忆衰退的诱因、提升记忆力的多种方法，同时说明记忆方法因人而异，过度学习有损大脑。 【详解】 1．根据原文第1段“Human brains hold two kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory.”可知，人的大脑包含短期记忆与长期记忆两类记忆。答案为原文直接信息。 2．根据原文第1段 “Short-term memory runs out of energy fast when people feel anxious or worn out.”可知，焦虑和疲惫会让短期记忆快速消退。 3．根据原文第2段“First, divide long passages into small parts and draw graphs or outlines to organize images.”可知，组织图像时可以画图表和略图。答案为原文直接信息。 4．根据原文第2段“Happy activities such as picnics create stable memory chains and make recalling easier.”可知，野餐这类轻松愉快的活动能构建稳定记忆链条，方便回忆。答案为原文直接信息。 5．根据原文第3段“Too much heavy study brings sadness and weakens our brain.”可知，过度高强度学习会让人心情低落，还会损伤大脑机能，因此不能长时间不间断学习。答案为原文直接信息。 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 Why We Forget and How to Remember Better Have you ever wondered why we forget things? Scientists have studied the science of forgetting and have discovered some surprising facts. Why We Forget One reason we forget is that our brains are designed to filter out unimportant information. If your brain remembered every single detail of your life, it would be overwhelmed. Forgetting helps your brain focus on what is truly important. Another reason is that memories fade over time if they are not used. This is called “decay.” Information that you don’t review or practice gradually disappears from your memory. A third reason is “interference.” Sometimes, new information gets mixed up with old information, making it hard to recall either one correctly. This often happens when you learn similar things at the same time, such as studying two different languages. How to Remember Better The good news is that we can fight these natural forgetting processes. One effective method is “spaced repetition.” Instead of cramming all your studying into one night, review the material at increasing intervals. For example, review it after one day, then three days, then one week. This sends a signal to your brain that the information is important and should be stored in long-term memory. Another method is “active recall.” Instead of just re-reading your notes, try to recall the information from memory. Close your book and try to explain the main points out loud. The effort of actively retrieving information strengthens the memory. Finally, get enough sleep. When you sleep, your brain replays the day’s events and strengthens important memories. This is why pulling all-nighters before exams often doesn’t work! 1．According to the passage, why does the brain filter out unimportant information? ________________________________________ 2．What is “interference” according to the passage? ________________________________________ 3．According to the passage, how does “spaced repetition” help memory?(不超过15个词) ________________________________________ 4．Do you think reviewing before exams is effective? Why or why not? Use the information from the passage to support your answer.(不超过25个词) ________________________________________ 【答案】1．It helps the brain focus on what is truly important. 2．New information mixes up with old information, making it hard to recall. 3．It signals the brain to store important information in long-term memory. 4．Yes, but only if done regularly; cramming all at once is not effective./Yes, because reviewing strengthens memories and helps recall. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了人类遗忘的原因以及改善记忆力的科学方法。 【详解】 1．第二段原文提到“Forgetting helps your brain focus on what is truly important.”，这就是大脑筛除无关信息的原因，直接提取句意作答。 2．第四段原文给出解释“Sometimes, new information gets mixed up with old information, making it hard to recall either one correctly.”，对该句精简概括，即为interference的含义。 3．第五段原文写道“This sends a signal to your brain that the information is important and should be stored in long-term memory.”，结合题干字数限制提炼语句。 4．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。可结合文中“不要临时突击、定期复习巩固记忆”相关内容，在词数限制内合理阐述观点。 Passage 2 Can We Really Improve Our Memory? Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went there? Or met someone and couldn’t remember their name? If so, you’re not alone. Forgetting is a natural part of how our brains work. But the good news is that scientists have discovered many ways to improve our memory. According to recent studies, human memory works like a filing system. Short-term memory is like a small notepad where we write temporary information. It can only hold a few items at a time. Long-term memory is more like a large filing cabinet where we store important information permanently. The challenge is getting information from the notepad into the filing cabinet. Dr. Sarah Chen, a cognitive scientist at Peking University, explains that repetition is one of the most powerful tools for improving memory. “When you repeat information, you strengthen the connections between brain cells,” she says. “This makes it easier for your brain to access that information later.” However, she warns that not all repetition is equally effective. “Spaced repetition—reviewing information at gradually increasing intervals—is much more effective than cramming all at once.” Another key factor is sleep. During sleep, the brain actively processes and organizes memories from the day. A study from Harvard Medical School found that people who got eight hours of sleep after learning something new remembered 20% more than those who stayed awake. “Sleep is like hitting the ‘save‘ button on your memories,” says one researcher. Emotion also plays an important role in memory. We tend to remember events that made us feel strong emotions because the brain pays more attention to emotionally charged experiences. This is why most people can clearly recall their first day of school or a family celebration, but struggle to remember what they had for lunch last Tuesday. However, memory improvement is not just about techniques—it also depends on lifestyle. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and managing stress all contribute to better brain health. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish and walnuts, have been shown to support memory function. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain, while excessive stress can actually damage memory. Memory loss is a common concern for many people, especially as they get older. While it’s normal to forget things occasionally, scientists emphasize that keeping our brains active—through reading, learning new skills, and staying socially connected—can slow down age-related memory decline. After all, our brains, much like our bodies, respond well to regular training and care. 1．According to Dr. Sarah Chen, what is one of the most powerful tools for improving memory? ________________________________________ 2．What did the study from Harvard Medical School find about sleep and memory? ________________________________________ 3．According to the passage, why are emotionally-charged experiences easier to remember?（不超过15个词） ________________________________________ 4．Do you think teenagers should be worried about memory loss? Why or why not? Use the information from the passage to support your answer.（不超过25个词） ________________________________________ 【答案】1．Repetition./Repeating information. 2．People who got enough sleep remembered 20% more./Eight hours of sleep helped people remember more. 3．Because the brain pays more attention to experiences with strong emotions./Strong emotions make the brain more active and help memories stick. 4．No, because forgetting is normal and teenagers can improve memory with good techniques and a healthy lifestyle./No, because with proper training and care, teenagers can slow down age-related memory decline. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要围绕改善记忆力展开科普，介绍记忆运作原理、提升记忆的多种有效方法与相关科学研究结论。 【详解】 1．根据第三段“repetition is one of the most powerful tools for improving memory”可知，文中直接指出重复是提升记忆力最有效的方法之一，答案是从原文直接提取的信息。 2．根据第四段“A study from Harvard Medical School found that people who got eight hours of sleep after learning something new remembered 20% more than those who stayed awake”可知，哈佛医学院的实验对比得出充足睡眠可提升记忆效果，答案是研究结论的概括总结。 3．根据第五段“We tend to remember events that made us feel strong emotions because the brain pays more attention to emotionally charged experiences”可知，大脑会对带有强烈情绪的经历投入更多关注，因此这类经历更容易记住，答案为原文内容转述，符合不超过15个词的词数限制。 4．本题为开放类试题，答案不唯一，作答内容需依托原文信息且不超过25个词。 Passage 3 Have you ever wondered why you can remember the lyrics of a song from years ago, but you often forget where you parked your car at the mall? Scientists have found that our memory works in different ways, and one of the most interesting is something called “prospective memory” (前瞻记忆). Prospective memory is your ability to remember to do things in the future. It includes two main types: time-based and event-based. Time-based prospective memory means remembering to do something at a specific time, like taking medicine at 8:00 p.m. Event-based prospective memory means remembering to do something when a certain event happens, like mailing a letter when you pass by a post office. However, prospective memory can fail us. One common reason is distraction. If you are talking on the phone while walking to your car, you might forget where you parked because your attention is divided. Another reason is “absent-mindedness”. Sometimes we put our keys down while thinking about a problem, and the action doesn’t even enter our memory because our brain is too busy with the problem. To improve prospective memory, experts suggest forming a habit of “mental linking”. For example, if you need to buy eggs after school, try to connect the image of an egg with your school gate in your mind. Another tip is to use “external reminders” (外部提醒). Setting an alarm on your phone or leaving a sticky note on the fridge can help your brain “outsource” (外包) the job of remembering. Interestingly, studies show that young people are usually better at event-based prospective memory, while older adults are better at time-based ones because they are more used to planning their schedules. Understanding how prospective memory works can help us reduce those annoying “senior moments” in our daily lives. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? ________________________________________ 2．What are the two main types of prospective memory mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________ 3．Why does “absent-mindedness” cause prospective memory failure according to paragraph 3? ________________________________________ 4．How can “mental linking” help improve prospective memory? (Answer in no more than 15 words) ________________________________________ 5．Which tip for improving prospective memory do you think is most useful for you? Why? ________________________________________ 【答案】1．It introduces the concept of prospective memory by contrasting different memory situations. 2．Time-based prospective memory and event-based prospective memory. 3．Because the brain is too busy with other thoughts to record the action. 4．By connecting the task with a related image or location in your mind. 5． Setting alarms on my phone. Because I always carry my phone and it reminds me accurately./Mental linking. Because it trains my brain to focus and improves my memory naturally.（答案不唯一，合理作答即可） 【导语】本文主要介绍了前瞻记忆的定义、两种分类、记忆失效的两大原因、改善前瞻记忆的两种方法，以及年轻人与老年人前瞻记忆的差异。 【详解】 1．文章第1段“Have you ever wondered why you can remember the lyrics of a...Scientists have found that our memory works in different ways, and one of the most interesting is something called ‘prospective memory’ (前瞻记忆).”通过对比“记得歌词却忘记停车位置”的现象，引出了“前瞻记忆”这一概念。 2．文章第2段“It includes two main types: time-based and event-based.”表明前瞻记忆包括两种主要类型：时间基前瞻记忆和事件基前瞻记忆。 3．文章第3段“Sometimes we put our keys down while thinking about a problem, and the action doesn’t even enter our memory because our brain is too busy with the problem.”表明心不在焉导致记忆失效的原因。 4．文章第4段“if you need to buy eggs after school, try to connect the image of an egg with your school gate in your mind”表明心理联结是通过在脑海中将任务与相关图像或地点联系起来实现的。 5．开放性问题，答案不唯一，结合文章内容以及自身实际情况，合理作答即可。 Passage 4 Remember to eat fruits and vegetables. They might just improve your memory. Scientists have found out several kinds of products—including vegetables which have green leaves, orange and red vegetables, berries and orange juice, are good for memory. Researchers at Harvard University have found that men who insisted on eating those fruits and vegetables over a period of 20 years were more likely to have better memory skills than those who seldom ate them. The study followed about 27,800 men in health care jobs over 20 years, and surveyed them on their diets and other health-related topics every four years. Toward the end of the study, the researchers started asking them questions about their memory. For example, “Do you have more trouble than usual remembering a short list of things, such as a shopping list?” or “Do you have more trouble than usual following a group conversation or a story in a TV program because of your memory?” “A growing number of ‘yes’ answers to such questions can mean their memory is going down,” the researchers said. The participants (参与者) were divided into five groups, based on how many servings (分量) of vegetables and fruits they got each day, from six servings in the healthiest group to just two servings. The six-serving eaters were 34 percent less likely to be forgetful. And the results were even better if the men happened to eat carotenoid (类胡萝卜素)-rich vegetables, such as carrots and pumpkins. Besides, those who drank orange juice often were 47 percent less likely to become forgetful, compared with those who drank orange juice less than once a month. “Our study provides further evidence that diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy,” researchers said. 1．How long did the researchers follow the participants in the study? ________________________________________ 2．According to the study, what vegetables are good for people’s memory? ________________________________________ 3．According to Paragraph 4, what can it mean when a person’s memory is becoming worse? ________________________________________ 4．What do the researchers think the study can prove? ________________________________________ 5．Would you start drinking orange juice more often? Why or why not? ________________________________________ 【答案】1．Over 20 years. 2．Green-leaf vegetables, orange and red vegetables, and carotenoid-rich vegetables like carrots and pumpkins. 3．A growing number of “yes” answers. 4．Diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy. 5．Yes, because it helps improve memory. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了哈佛大学研究人员通过一项长达20年的研究发现，多吃蔬菜和水果，特别是某些特定种类，有助于改善记忆力，保持大脑健康。 【详解】 1．根据文章第3段“The study followed about 27,800 men in health care jobs over 20 years”可知，研究人员跟踪参与者的时间超过了20年。 2．根据第二段整句“including vegetables which have green leaves, orange and red vegetables...”和第五段第三句“eat carotenoid-rich vegetables, such as carrots and pumpkins”，整合关键信息：绿叶蔬菜、橙红色蔬菜以及胡萝卜、南瓜这类富含类胡萝卜素的蔬菜，归纳整合可得出以上蔬菜都对记忆力有益。 3．根据文章第4段“A growing number of ‘yes’ answers to such questions can mean their memory is going down”可知，回答“是”的次数增多意味着记忆力变差。 4．根据文章第6段“Our study provides further evidence that diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy”可推知，研究证明了饮食选择对大脑健康的重要性。 5．根据文章第5段“those who drank orange juice often were 47 percent less likely to become forgetful”可知，喝橙汁有助于减少健忘，改善记忆，所以此处可做肯定回答，并给出理由。答案不唯一，合理即可。 Passage 5 Are you good at remembering what you’ve learned at school? Is it an easy process for all people? No one’s memory is perfect. Even the smartest people forget things.This does not mean a person has a bad memory. It means he is not using his mind to his advantage. The brain has short-term memory and long-term memory. When we learn something new, it stays in our memory for around 20—30 seconds. This is our short-term memory. It can hold a small amount of information. If we repeat it and use it often, this information can move from short-term memory to long-term memory, which is the place where memories are stored for a long time. The skill for remembering is moving information from short-term to long-term memory. No one knows exactly how this happens. But one thing is for sure—practicing, or making repetition of information, is one of the most popular methods of remembering. And scientists say that long-term memory will never fill up completely with memories in one’s lifetime. Then why do we forget things? Forgetting things that are not important helps our brain to remember things that are important. Our brain is always “cleaning out” useless information to make room for something more useful. If you are interested in improving your memory, there are lots of simple things you can do, like eating healthily, sleeping well and exercising daily. Besides, it’s also important to challenge your brain. You can play mind games, learn a musical instrument or study a new language. All you need to do is keep your brain healthy and active. 1．How long does new information stay in our short-term memory when we learn it? ________________________________________ 2．What is long-term memory? ________________________________________ 3．What is the skill for remembering mentioned in the text? ________________________________________ 4．Why do we forget things that are not important? ________________________________________ 5．What other small things can help improve your memory? (答案须与文中事例不同) ________________________________________ 【答案】1．For around 20-30 seconds. 2．It is the place where memories are stored for a long time. 3．Moving information from short-term to long-term memory. 4．Because it helps our brain to remember things that are important. 5．Reviewing what you have learned before bed. (答案不唯一) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人脑的记忆机制，遗忘的原因以及改善记忆力的方法。 【详解】 1．文章第三段指出“When we learn something new, it stays in our memory for around 20—30 seconds.”，新信息在短期记忆中停留的时间大约为20—30秒，提取信息即可。 2．文章第三段“long-term memory, which is the place where memories are stored for a long time.”表明长期记忆的定义，提取信息即可。 3．文章第四段“The skill for remembering is moving information from short-term to long-term memory.”表明记忆的技巧是将信息从短期记忆转移到长期记忆，提取信息即可。 4．文章第五段“Forgetting things that are not important helps our brain to remember things that are important.”表明我们会忘记不重要的事情的原因：是为了帮助大脑记住重要的事情，提取答案即可。 5．本文给出的提升记忆力方法有：健康饮食、良好睡眠、日常锻炼、玩益智游戏、学乐器、学新语言，只要给出除此以外的合理方法即可，答案不唯一。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Our Memory 阅读表达题型专练（话题：人与自我——记忆） 热点题型概览 题型夯基提升 巩固基础·专项突破 Passage 1 Good memory is important for study and life. Here are four easy ways to improve your memory. First, take exercise. Exercise makes blood flow fast in our bodies. It provides more oxygen for our brain and makes our brain active. Active brain has better memory. Second, eat healthy food. Food like fish, eggs and nuts is good for our brain. They can help our brain work better. Never eat too much junk food. It is bad for brain health. Third, keep learning new things. Learning new skills or knowledge can exercise our brain and stop memory from becoming weak. Fourth, keep a happy mood. Stress and sadness will hurt our memory. Being happy helps our brain work normally. 1．What is important for our study and life? ________________________________________ 2．Why do we need to take exercise? ________________________________________ 3．What kind of food is good for our brain? ________________________________________ 4．How many ways to improve memory are mentioned? ________________________________________ 5．What mood is good for our memory? ________________________________________ Passage 2 Memory and Emotions Have you ever noticed that you remember emotional events much better than ordinary ones? For example, you can probably recall exactly where you were and what you were doing when you heard some exciting news, but you may not remember what you had for lunch last Tuesday. This is because emotions play a powerful role in memory. When we experience something emotional, our brain releases chemicals that strengthen the connections between neurons. This makes the memory stronger and more lasting. Positive emotions, like happiness and love, can make memories vivid. Negative emotions, like fear and sadness, can also create very strong memories. That is why people often remember traumatic (创伤的) events clearly, even if they wish they could forget them. However, strong emotions can also have a downside. When we are very stressed or anxious, our brain’s ability to store new information can be reduced. This is why students sometimes perform poorly on exams if they are too nervous—their stress interferes with their memory. Knowing this, we can use emotions to our advantage. When you study, try to connect the material to something you care about. Find personal meaning in what you are learning. Also, stay calm during exams by taking deep breaths. A relaxed mind remembers better than a worried one. In short, emotions and memory are closely linked. By understanding this relationship, you can become a smarter learner. 1．According to the passage, why do we remember emotional events better? ________________________________________ 2．How do positive emotions affect memories? ________________________________________ 3．What is one downside of strong emotions mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________ 4．How can students use emotions to improve their studying? ________________________________________ 5．What advice does the passage give for staying calm during exams? ________________________________________ Passage 3 How to Keep Family Memories Alive Our family memories are precious, but they can fade over time. Here are some simple ways to keep them alive. First, take photos and videos. But don’t just store them on your phone—print them out or make a photo album. Looking at physical pictures often helps you recall the feelings of that moment. Second, write a family journal. Ask every family member to write down one happy thing that happened each week. Read them together during holidays. This creates a written history of your family. Third, share stories at dinner. Instead of watching TV, take turns telling a funny or touching memory from the past. This not only keeps memories alive but also strengthens family bonds. Fourth, make a “memory box”. Put in small objects like tickets, postcards, or seashells from family trips. Whenever you open the box, the objects will bring back wonderful memories. 请根据短文内容回答以下问题（用完整句子）： 1．What should you do with photos and videos instead of just storing them on your phone? ________________________________________ 2．What should every family member write down in the family journal each week? ________________________________________ 3．When and how should family members share their memories? ________________________________________ 4．What kind of objects can you put into a “memory box”? Give two examples. ________________________________________ 5．Besides keeping memories alive, what other benefit can sharing stories at dinner bring? ________________________________________ Passage 4 If you do not use your arms or your legs for a long time, they will become weak; when you start using them again, they slowly become strong again. Everybody knows that. Yet many people do not seem to know that memory works in the same way. When someone says that he has a good memory, he really means that he keeps his memory alive by using it. When someone else says that his memory is poor, he really means that he does not give it enough chances to become strong. If a friend says that his arms and legs are weak, we know that it is his fault (过错). But if he tells us that he has a poor memory, many of us think that his parents are to blame (责备), and few of us know that it is just his own fault. Have you ever found that some people can’t read or write but they have better memories? This is because they cannot read or write and they have to remember things with their mind. They cannot write them down in a small notebook. They have to remember days, names, songs and stories, so their memory is being exercised the whole time. So if you want to have a good memory, learn from others: practise remembering things in the same way as other people do. 阅读短文, 完成下列各题。 1．What will happen if you do not use your memory? ________________________________________ 2．Who is to blame if one has a poor memory? ________________________________________ 3．Why do the people who can’t read or write usually have better memories? ________________________________________ 4．What should you do to have a good memory? ________________________________________ 5．What is the passage mainly about? ________________________________________ Passage 5 Human brains hold two kinds of memory: short-term memory and long-term memory. Short-term memory runs out of energy fast when people feel anxious or worn out. It is easy to mix different information up without special training. There are great techniques to improve memory. First, divide long passages into small parts and draw graphs or outlines to organize images. Second, when you go through textbooks, tick key sentences and put all study materials to good use. Happy activities such as picnics create stable memory chains and make recalling easier. There is no one-size-fits-all memory skill. Different people have different ways to memorize things. Too much heavy study brings sadness and weakens our brain. Daily small practice helps us store information and recall it fully later. 1．What two kinds of memory does our brain have? ________________________________________ 2．What makes short-term memory disappear quickly? ________________________________________ 3．What can we draw to organize information for memorizing? ________________________________________ 4．What creates stable memory chains in our brain? ________________________________________ 5．Why shouldn’t we study for too long without rest? ________________________________________ 培优拔高·挑战攻坚 Passage 1 Why We Forget and How to Remember Better Have you ever wondered why we forget things? Scientists have studied the science of forgetting and have discovered some surprising facts. Why We Forget One reason we forget is that our brains are designed to filter out unimportant information. If your brain remembered every single detail of your life, it would be overwhelmed. Forgetting helps your brain focus on what is truly important. Another reason is that memories fade over time if they are not used. This is called “decay.” Information that you don’t review or practice gradually disappears from your memory. A third reason is “interference.” Sometimes, new information gets mixed up with old information, making it hard to recall either one correctly. This often happens when you learn similar things at the same time, such as studying two different languages. How to Remember Better The good news is that we can fight these natural forgetting processes. One effective method is “spaced repetition.” Instead of cramming all your studying into one night, review the material at increasing intervals. For example, review it after one day, then three days, then one week. This sends a signal to your brain that the information is important and should be stored in long-term memory. Another method is “active recall.” Instead of just re-reading your notes, try to recall the information from memory. Close your book and try to explain the main points out loud. The effort of actively retrieving information strengthens the memory. Finally, get enough sleep. When you sleep, your brain replays the day’s events and strengthens important memories. This is why pulling all-nighters before exams often doesn’t work! 1．According to the passage, why does the brain filter out unimportant information? ________________________________________ 2．What is “interference” according to the passage? ________________________________________ 3．According to the passage, how does “spaced repetition” help memory?(不超过15个词) ________________________________________ 4．Do you think reviewing before exams is effective? Why or why not? Use the information from the passage to support your answer.(不超过25个词) ________________________________________ Passage 2 Can We Really Improve Our Memory? Have you ever walked into a room and forgotten why you went there? Or met someone and couldn’t remember their name? If so, you’re not alone. Forgetting is a natural part of how our brains work. But the good news is that scientists have discovered many ways to improve our memory. According to recent studies, human memory works like a filing system. Short-term memory is like a small notepad where we write temporary information. It can only hold a few items at a time. Long-term memory is more like a large filing cabinet where we store important information permanently. The challenge is getting information from the notepad into the filing cabinet. Dr. Sarah Chen, a cognitive scientist at Peking University, explains that repetition is one of the most powerful tools for improving memory. “When you repeat information, you strengthen the connections between brain cells,” she says. “This makes it easier for your brain to access that information later.” However, she warns that not all repetition is equally effective. “Spaced repetition—reviewing information at gradually increasing intervals—is much more effective than cramming all at once.” Another key factor is sleep. During sleep, the brain actively processes and organizes memories from the day. A study from Harvard Medical School found that people who got eight hours of sleep after learning something new remembered 20% more than those who stayed awake. “Sleep is like hitting the ‘save‘ button on your memories,” says one researcher. Emotion also plays an important role in memory. We tend to remember events that made us feel strong emotions because the brain pays more attention to emotionally charged experiences. This is why most people can clearly recall their first day of school or a family celebration, but struggle to remember what they had for lunch last Tuesday. However, memory improvement is not just about techniques—it also depends on lifestyle. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and managing stress all contribute to better brain health. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish and walnuts, have been shown to support memory function. Exercise increases blood flow to the brain, while excessive stress can actually damage memory. Memory loss is a common concern for many people, especially as they get older. While it’s normal to forget things occasionally, scientists emphasize that keeping our brains active—through reading, learning new skills, and staying socially connected—can slow down age-related memory decline. After all, our brains, much like our bodies, respond well to regular training and care. 1．According to Dr. Sarah Chen, what is one of the most powerful tools for improving memory? ________________________________________ 2．What did the study from Harvard Medical School find about sleep and memory? ________________________________________ 3．According to the passage, why are emotionally-charged experiences easier to remember?（不超过15个词） ________________________________________ 4．Do you think teenagers should be worried about memory loss? Why or why not? Use the information from the passage to support your answer.（不超过25个词） ________________________________________ Passage 3 Have you ever wondered why you can remember the lyrics of a song from years ago, but you often forget where you parked your car at the mall? Scientists have found that our memory works in different ways, and one of the most interesting is something called “prospective memory” (前瞻记忆). Prospective memory is your ability to remember to do things in the future. It includes two main types: time-based and event-based. Time-based prospective memory means remembering to do something at a specific time, like taking medicine at 8:00 p.m. Event-based prospective memory means remembering to do something when a certain event happens, like mailing a letter when you pass by a post office. However, prospective memory can fail us. One common reason is distraction. If you are talking on the phone while walking to your car, you might forget where you parked because your attention is divided. Another reason is “absent-mindedness”. Sometimes we put our keys down while thinking about a problem, and the action doesn’t even enter our memory because our brain is too busy with the problem. To improve prospective memory, experts suggest forming a habit of “mental linking”. For example, if you need to buy eggs after school, try to connect the image of an egg with your school gate in your mind. Another tip is to use “external reminders” (外部提醒). Setting an alarm on your phone or leaving a sticky note on the fridge can help your brain “outsource” (外包) the job of remembering. Interestingly, studies show that young people are usually better at event-based prospective memory, while older adults are better at time-based ones because they are more used to planning their schedules. Understanding how prospective memory works can help us reduce those annoying “senior moments” in our daily lives. 1．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? ________________________________________ 2．What are the two main types of prospective memory mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________ 3．Why does “absent-mindedness” cause prospective memory failure according to paragraph 3? ________________________________________ 4．How can “mental linking” help improve prospective memory? (Answer in no more than 15 words) ________________________________________ 5．Which tip for improving prospective memory do you think is most useful for you? Why? ________________________________________ Passage 4 Remember to eat fruits and vegetables. They might just improve your memory. Scientists have found out several kinds of products—including vegetables which have green leaves, orange and red vegetables, berries and orange juice, are good for memory. Researchers at Harvard University have found that men who insisted on eating those fruits and vegetables over a period of 20 years were more likely to have better memory skills than those who seldom ate them. The study followed about 27,800 men in health care jobs over 20 years, and surveyed them on their diets and other health-related topics every four years. Toward the end of the study, the researchers started asking them questions about their memory. For example, “Do you have more trouble than usual remembering a short list of things, such as a shopping list?” or “Do you have more trouble than usual following a group conversation or a story in a TV program because of your memory?” “A growing number of ‘yes’ answers to such questions can mean their memory is going down,” the researchers said. The participants (参与者) were divided into five groups, based on how many servings (分量) of vegetables and fruits they got each day, from six servings in the healthiest group to just two servings. The six-serving eaters were 34 percent less likely to be forgetful. And the results were even better if the men happened to eat carotenoid (类胡萝卜素)-rich vegetables, such as carrots and pumpkins. Besides, those who drank orange juice often were 47 percent less likely to become forgetful, compared with those who drank orange juice less than once a month. “Our study provides further evidence that diet choices can be important to keep your brain healthy,” researchers said. 1．How long did the researchers follow the participants in the study? ________________________________________ 2．According to the study, what vegetables are good for people’s memory? ________________________________________ 3．According to Paragraph 4, what can it mean when a person’s memory is becoming worse? ________________________________________ 4．What do the researchers think the study can prove? ________________________________________ 5．Would you start drinking orange juice more often? Why or why not? ________________________________________ Passage 5 Are you good at remembering what you’ve learned at school? Is it an easy process for all people? No one’s memory is perfect. Even the smartest people forget things.This does not mean a person has a bad memory. It means he is not using his mind to his advantage. The brain has short-term memory and long-term memory. When we learn something new, it stays in our memory for around 20—30 seconds. This is our short-term memory. It can hold a small amount of information. If we repeat it and use it often, this information can move from short-term memory to long-term memory, which is the place where memories are stored for a long time. The skill for remembering is moving information from short-term to long-term memory. No one knows exactly how this happens. But one thing is for sure—practicing, or making repetition of information, is one of the most popular methods of remembering. And scientists say that long-term memory will never fill up completely with memories in one’s lifetime. Then why do we forget things? Forgetting things that are not important helps our brain to remember things that are important. Our brain is always “cleaning out” useless information to make room for something more useful. If you are interested in improving your memory, there are lots of simple things you can do, like eating healthily, sleeping well and exercising daily. Besides, it’s also important to challenge your brain. You can play mind games, learn a musical instrument or study a new language. All you need to do is keep your brain healthy and active. 1．How long does new information stay in our short-term memory when we learn it? ________________________________________ 2．What is long-term memory? ________________________________________ 3．What is the skill for remembering mentioned in the text? ________________________________________ 4．Why do we forget things that are not important? ________________________________________ 5．What other small things can help improve your memory? (答案须与文中事例不同) ________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $