内容正文:
第16讲 中考语法考前冲刺:核心考点速记卡+终极自测卷
栏目一:考点梳理
① 知识导图
中考语法考前冲刺
├── 核心考点速记卡
│ ├── 词法速记
│ │ ├── 名词与冠词
│ │ ├── 代词
│ │ ├── 形容词与副词
│ │ └── 动词短语
│ ├── 时态语态速记
│ │ ├── 六大时态
│ │ ├── 被动语态
│ │ └── 非谓语动词
│ ├── 句法速记
│ │ ├── 宾语从句
│ │ ├── 定语从句
│ │ ├── 状语从句
│ │ └── 主谓一致
│ └── 特殊句型速记
│ ├── There be
│ ├── 感叹句
│ └── 倒装句
└── 终极自测卷
├── 语法填空(10题)
├── 单项选择(20题)
└── 综合检测与考前诊断
② 考点清单
星级
考点
考查形式
★★★
全部核心语法考点的综合运用
语法填空、单项选择
★★★
高频易错点的实际检测
单项选择
★★
语法知识在语篇中的运用
语法填空
★★
考前查漏补缺与薄弱点诊断
综合自测
栏目二:核心考点速记卡
第一部分:词法速记卡
📌 卡1:名词与冠词
不规则复数:
男人女人孩子脚,牙齿 goose 要记牢;
绵羊鹿鱼中国人,单数复数一个样。
不可数名词:
信息建议和新闻,天气工作与作业,
家务知识和进步,统统不可数。
a/an 选择:
不看字母看发音,
hour honest 用 an,
university useful 用 a。
冠词搭配:
打球不加 the,弹琴必加 the;
三餐学科和球类,交通工具用 by 的,
统统不用加冠词。
📌 卡2:代词
人称代词:
主格放在动词前,宾格放在动介后。
物主代词:
有名则形(形容词性),无名则名(名词性)。
反身代词固定搭配:
enjoy oneself 玩得开心,
by oneself 独自,
help oneself 请自便,
teach oneself 自学。
few/little:
有 a 就有"几个/一点",无 a 就是"几乎没有";
few/a few 管可数,little/a little 管不可数。
both/either/neither:
both 两者都(复数),either 两者任一(单数),
neither 两者都不(单数)。
复合不定代词:
复合代词作主语,谓语一律用单数;
形容词要修饰,放在代词后边去。
📌 卡3:形容词与副词
系动词后接形容词:
look sound smell taste feel,
后面一律接形容词。
比较级修饰词:
much, far, even, a little, a lot 修饰比较级,
very 不能修饰比较级。
五大黄金句型:
一原级 as...as,二比较 than 前后,
三越来越 er and er,四越就越两个 the,
五最高 the + est。
too much / much too / too many:
too much 不可数,too many 可数复,
much too 修饰形和副。
📌 卡4:动词短语
look 系列:
look at 看,look for 找,
look after 照顾,look up 查,
look out 小心,look forward to 期待。
take 系列:
take off 起飞脱衣服,take away 拿走,
take care of 照顾,take out 取出,take up 占据。
put 系列:
put on 穿上,put off 推迟,
put up 张贴又搭建,put away 收起来,
put out 扑灭大火。
turn 系列:
turn on 开,turn off 关,
turn up 调大又出现,turn down 调小还拒绝。
get 系列:
get up 起床,get on 上车,get off 下车,
get to 到达,get along with 相处。
第二部分:时态语态速记卡
📌 卡5:六大时态标志词
一般现在时:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, on Sundays
一般过去时:
yesterday, last week, ago, in 2019, just now
一般将来时:
tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future, in three days
现在进行时:
now, right now, at the moment, Look!, Listen!
过去进行时:
at 8 last night, at that time, while
现在完成时:
already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for, so far
📌 卡6:主将从现
主将从现记心间,
时间条件两从句,
when before after until,
as soon as if unless,
从句永远现在时。
📌 卡7:被动语态
基本结构:
被动语态 be + done,be 随时态来变化。
各时态被动:
时态
结构
一般现在时
am/is/are + done
一般过去时
was/were + done
一般将来时
will be + done
现在完成时
have/has been + done
情态动词
can/must/should be + done
三步转换法:
一找宾语提主语,二改动词 be + done,
三移主语 by 后边,不需强调可省去。
感官动词被动还原 to:
主动省 to 被动还,
see hear watch make,
被动都要加 to 来,
只有 let 不加 to。
无被动动词:
发生出现和消失,上升失败都存在;
感官系词 look sound smell,taste feel 也无被动。
📌 卡8:非谓语动词
接 doing 动词:
enjoy, finish, mind, keep, practice, suggest,
give up, be busy, be worth, look forward to, feel like
接 to do 动词:
want, decide, hope, plan, agree, refuse,
learn, promise, offer, choose, expect
省 to 不定式:
感官 see hear watch,使役 let make have,
后接宾补省 to;变成被动还原 to。
分词作定语:
ing 主动在进行,ed 被动又完成。
stop/remember/forget:
stop to do 去做另一件事,stop doing 停止正在做;
remember to do 记得要做(未做),remember doing 记得做过(已做)。
第三部分:句法速记卡
📌 卡9:宾语从句
三要素:
引导词、语序、时态要记住。
引导词:
that 陈述,if/whether 是否,
特殊疑问词保留。
语序:
陈述语序最要紧,主语永远在谓前。
时态:
主句现在时,从句任意用;
主句过去时,从句倒退一格;
客观真理永不变,永远用一般现在时。
否定转移:
think believe suppose expect,
主句第一人称时,从句否定主句移。
📌 卡10:定语从句
关系词选择三步法:
第一步找准先行词,
第二步辨人还是物,
第三步看从句成分。
关系词速记:
人作主语 who/that,人作宾语 whom/who/that,
物作主语 which/that,物作宾语 which/that,
定语一律用 whose。
只用 that:
最高级,序数词,the only/very/last,
不定代词和 all 修饰,既有人又有物,
who/which 问句中,只用 that 记心间。
主谓一致:
从句谓语跟先行,先行单数谓单,先行复数谓复。
📌 卡11:状语从句
主将从现:
when before after until,as soon as if unless,
从句永远现在时。
although/but 与 because/so:
虽然但是不共存,因为所以二选一。
when/while:
when 短暂和延续都行,while 必须用延续。
so...that/such...that:
so 后先形后 a/an,such 后先 a/an 后形;
复数不可数,一律用 such。
📌 卡12:主谓一致
就近原则:
there be 看近邻,either or, neither nor,
not only but also,not but 也一致。
复合不定代词:
复合代词作主语,谓语一律用单数。
a number of / the number of:
a number of 是"许多",谓语用复数;
the number of 是"数量",谓语用单数。
集合名词:
家庭团队班级组,强调整体用单数,强调成员用复数。
特殊名词:
新闻数学和物理,政治美国都单数;
people police cattle,形式虽单意义复;
时间金钱和距离,作主语用单数。
第四部分:特殊句型速记卡
📌 卡13:There be
某地某时有什么,there be 来帮忙;
be 动词看主语,就近原则别忘记;
将来时 there will be,不用 have 只用 be。
📌 卡14:感叹句
What 加名词,How 加形副;
What a/an + 形 + 名单,
What + 形 + 复/不可数,
How + 形/副 + 主语谓语。
📌 卡15:倒装句
肯定也用 So,否定也用 Neither;
助动词/be/情态 + 主语;
So + 主语 + 助动词,表示"确实如此"不倒装。
栏目三:易错点拨·考前最后提醒
考前最后10条避坑提醒
⚠️ 提醒1:a/an 看发音,不看字母 → an hour, a university
⚠️ 提醒2:系动词后接形容词 → The music sounds beautiful.
⚠️ 提醒3:宾语从句永远陈述语序 → I know where he lives.
⚠️ 提醒4:主将从现 → I will call you when I arrive.
⚠️ 提醒5:客观真理永远现在时 → The teacher said the sun rises in the east.
⚠️ 提醒6:although 不与 but 连用,because 不与 so 连用
⚠️ 提醒7:被动语态缺 be 不是被动 → was built ✅ / built ❌
⚠️ 提醒8:复合不定代词谓语用单数 → Everyone likes English.
⚠️ 提醒9:look forward to 后接 doing → look forward to seeing
⚠️ 提醒10:there be 就近原则 → There is a book and two pens.
栏目四:终极自测卷
I. 语法填空(共10题,每题1分,满分10分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Dear friends,
I'm glad to share my experience of learning English with you. When I 1.______ (be) in Grade 7, my English was very poor. I couldn't understand what the teacher 2.______ (say) in class. I felt 3.______ (worry) about my English.
Then my English teacher gave me some useful 4.______ (advice). She told me 5.______ (read) English aloud every morning. She also suggested that I should listen 6.______ English songs. She said that practice 7.______ (make) perfect.
I followed her advice and kept 8.______ (practice) every day. Now, my English has improved a lot. I can speak English 9.______ (confident) in front of the class. I believe that if I keep working hard, I 10.______ (achieve) my dream in the future.
Best wishes!
Yours,
Li Hua
II. 单项选择(共20题,每题1分,满分20分)
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
11. —Is this ______ schoolbag?
—No, ______ is on the desk.
A. your; mine B. yours; mine C. your; my D. yours; my
12. My brother likes playing ______ football, but I like playing ______ violin.
A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /
13. The dish smells ______. I can't wait to taste it.
A. deliciously B. delicious C. badly D. well
14. There is ______ water in the bottle. Let's go and get some.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
15. I will tell him the news as soon as he ______ back.
A. comes B. will come C. came D. is coming
16. The bridge ______ in 2018. It is very beautiful.
A. was built B. is built C. built D. has built
17. —Where is Tom?
—He ______ the library. He'll be back in an hour.
A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to D. goes to
18. She said that she ______ to Beijing the next week.
A. will go B. would go C. goes D. went
19. The girl ______ is playing the piano is from our school.
A. which B. who C. whose D. whom
20. Neither Tom nor his friends ______ late for school today.
A. is B. was C. are D. be
21. —I don't like watching TV.
—______.
A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So I do D. Neither I do
22. ______ exciting news it is! We won the first prize.
A. What B. How C. What an D. How an
23. He was ______ tired ______ he couldn't walk any farther.
A. so; that B. such; that C. too; to D. very; that
24. I enjoy ______ to music after school.
A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. listened
25. The teacher made the naughty boy ______ outside the classroom.
A. to stand B. stand C. standing D. stood
26. —Would you like ______ tea?
—Yes, please.
A. some B. any C. many D. few
27. My father ______ in this factory since 2015.
A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working
28. The book ______ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
A. who B. where C. which D. whose
29. Everyone in our class ______ the new English teacher.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. to like
30. I look forward to ______ from you soon.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
栏目五:答案与解析
【答案速查】
题号
答案
题号
答案
1
was
16
A
2
said
17
B
3
worried
18
B
4
advice
19
B
5
to read
20
C
6
to
21
B
7
makes
22
A
8
practicing
23
A
9
confidently
24
C
10
will achieve
25
B
11
A
26
A
12
B
27
C
13
B
28
C
14
C
29
B
15
A
30
C
【详细解析】
I. 语法填空
1. was — in Grade 7 表示过去,主语 I,用 was。
2. said — 主句 couldn't understand 为过去时,从句用 said。
3. worried — feel 是系动词,后接形容词 worried 表示"担心的"。
4. advice — advice 是不可数名词,some advice。
5. to read — tell sb. to do sth. 固定搭配。
6. to — listen to 固定搭配。
7. makes — practice makes perfect 是谚语,用一般现在时,practice 为单数。
8. practicing — keep doing sth. 固定搭配。
9. confidently — 修饰动词 speak,用副词 confidently。
10. will achieve — if 条件状语从句,主将从现。
II. 单项选择
11. A — 第一空后有名词 schoolbag,用 your;第二空后无名词,用 mine。
12. B — 球类前不加冠词,乐器前加 the。
13. B — smells 是系动词,后接形容词 delicious。
14. C — water 不可数,由后句"去取一些"可知"几乎没有",用 little。
15. A — as soon as 引导时间状语从句,主将从现,he 为三单,comes。
16. A — in 2018 过去时间,bridge 与 build 被动,用 was built。
17. B — has gone to 表示"去了还没回来",由后句"一小时后回来"可知。
18. B — 主句 said 为过去时,从句用过去将来时 would go。
19. B — 先行词 the girl 是人,关系词作主语,用 who。
20. C — neither...nor... 就近原则,最近主语 his friends 为复数,用 are。
21. B — 前句否定(don't like),用 Neither do I。
22. A — news 是不可数名词,What + 形容词 + 不可数名词。
23. A — so + 形容词(tired)+ that 从句。
24. C — enjoy doing sth. 固定搭配。
25. B — make 是使役动词,后接省 to 不定式。
26. A — Would you like...? 表示建议,用 some。
27. C — since 2015 提示现在完成时,主语 my father 为三单,用 has worked。
28. C — 先行词 the book 是物,关系词作宾语,用 which。
29. B — Everyone 作主语,谓语用单数 likes。
30. C — look forward to doing,to 是介词。
附:考前最后叮嘱
考试中的语法检查清单
做语法类题目时,请自问:
☐ 动词:时态对不对?语态对不对?主谓一致对不对?
☐ 名词:单复数对不对?可数不可数分清楚了吗?
☐ 代词:主格宾格对吗?物主代词形式对吗?
☐ 形容词/副词:用形容词还是副词?比较等级对吗?
☐ 介词:固定搭配记牢了吗?
☐ 连词:前后逻辑关系判断对了吗?
☐ 从句:语序对吗?时态呼应了吗?引导词选对了吗?
☐ 冠词:a/an/the/零冠词选对了吗?
做题时间分配建议
题型
建议时间
语法填空
8—10分钟
单项选择
10—12分钟
完形填空
12—15分钟
阅读理解
每篇5—7分钟
书面表达
15—20分钟
最后寄语:语法学习没有捷径,但有方法。用好速记卡,练熟易错点,考场之上自然游刃有余。祝各位考生中考顺利,金榜题名!
全专辑完——感谢使用《决胜中考英语语法》系列资源!
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