内容正文:
基于课程标准的“教-学-评”一致性课堂教学设计
科目
英语
授课教材
人教版九年级上册
授课题目
Unit 6 Beyond Earth Section B 1a-1e & Reading plus
课时
课型
第 4课时
阅读课
主题情境
人与自然(航天探索、星际旅行)
授课教师
语篇研读
【主题和内容】本课核心语篇是一篇题为“Reaching for the Stars”的科普说明文,围绕人类能否抵达恒星展开。文本按“引入→现状→挑战→展望”的结构推进:先从人类自古仰望星空、对恒星充满好奇写起,引出“能否有一天拜访恒星”之问;接着介绍迄今飞得最远的人造物——旅行者1号(1977年发射,携带记录地球声音与影像的特殊唱片,到2025年距地球已超过250亿公里,但仍远未接近距地球4.2光年(约40万亿公里)的半人马座比邻星);然后指出载人星际旅行的巨大挑战——人类最远仅到过月球背面约40万公里处,即便到火星也需约6至9个月,饮食、健康与安全均是难题;最后展望通过让宇航员冬眠、研发更快飞船等方式,人类终有一天会抵达恒星。补充阅读(Reading plus)为“All About Satellites”,介绍世界上第一颗人造卫星“斯普特尼克1号”的发射及其开启的卫星时代,并说明科研卫星、通信卫星、气象卫星、定位卫星(如北斗BDS)的多种用途。
【意义和价值】核心语篇旨在通过旅行者1号与星际旅行的真实案例,引导学生学习科普说明文的阅读策略(文体识别、数字信息匹配、细节问答、思维导图),理解光年、星际距离等基本概念,认识人类航天探索的成就与局限。通过数字对比(40万公里 vs 4.2光年/40万亿公里)体会星际尺度的浩瀚,激发学生对宇宙探索的好奇心与科学精神;通过“冬眠旅行”“更快飞船”等设想,培养想象力与创新思维。补充阅读从卫星应用切入,帮助学生认识航天技术如何服务日常生活(通信、气象、导航),体会中国北斗等科技成果的意义,增强民族自豪感。
【方式和方法】采用“预测—略读—寻读—分析—迁移”的PWP阅读模式。通过视频导入激活学生对太空探索的背景知识;通过1a读前调查与1b文体识别,引导学生关注科普说明文的文体特征;通过1c段落大意匹配、数字信息匹配、1d思维导图填空、1e细节问答,层层深入地获取和梳理文本信息;通过1f讨论与“UN听证会发言”小组任务,实现从理解到应用的迁移。补充阅读通过快速阅读与问答,培养学生快速获取信息的能力,并通过讨论引导学生思考卫星技术的日常价值。
学情分析
学生经过本单元前三课时的学习,已初步感知航天类话题词汇(spacecraft, launch, galaxy等)和一般将来时被动语态的表达,对太空探索有天然的兴趣和一定的背景认知。本课阅读材料为一则科普说明文,结构清晰(引入→现状→挑战→展望),但文中出现的“light year(光年)”“25 billion kilometres”“Proxima Centauri(比邻星)”等天文概念和数字信息对学生较为陌生,需要教师在导入环节提供必要的背景知识(如光年的定义、旅行者1号的特殊唱片)。此外,学生对科普说明文的文体特征(客观、数据支撑、逻辑清晰)辨识能力有待加强,对文中数字数据的作用(凸显星际距离的浩瀚、强调探索之难)需在阅读过程中加以引导。补充阅读中出现的“Sputnik 1”“BDS(北斗)”等专有名词,教师可适当补充背景,帮助学生建立航天成就的直观认识。
课标要求
● 能识别不同语篇类型的结构和语言特点(如科普说明文)。
● 能通过略读、寻读等策略获取语篇的具体信息,理解主要内容。
● 能根据上下文推断生词词义(如 light year, mysterious, cooperate等),理解语篇意义。
● 能就相关主题进行交流,表达个人观点和情感。
教学目标
通过本节课学习,学生能够:
1. 通过1a读前调查和1b文体识别,感知科普说明文的基本特征与阅读策略;通过阅读获取旅行者1号的关键信息,完成1c段落大意匹配、数字信息匹配和1d思维导图填空;能概括文本“引入→现状→挑战→展望”的四部分结构,并用思维导图进行整合。(学习理解)
2. 能分析文本中数字数据的作用,判断星际旅行的主要挑战(距离遥远、时间漫长、饮食/健康/安全问题);能用自己的语言解释“light year”的含义,并说明旅行者1号携带特殊唱片的原因;能运用文本中的核心词汇和句型,复述人类探索星际的主要内容。(应用实践)
3. 能评价人类星际探索的价值与可行性,表达个人观点(如“Do you think humans will ever visit another star?”);能联系自身,想象未来太空探索的可能性,并以“UN听证会发言”形式进行创造性表达;能通过补充阅读了解卫星的多种用途,思考航天技术对日常生活的意义。(迁移创新)
教学
重难点
重点:获取旅行者1号与星际旅行的关键信息(发射时间、携带物品、与地球的距离、比邻星距离、火星旅程时间等);理解文本“引入→现状→挑战→展望”的结构框架;掌握核心词汇(spacecraft, launch, light year, mysterious, cooperate, imagination, expectation, on board等)与数字信息的解读。
难点:理解“light year(光年)”的含义及星际距离的浩瀚尺度;在“UN听证会发言”小组任务中综合运用所学信息进行有条理、有说服力的口头表达;辩证看待星际探索的价值与可行性(如成本、时间、技术瓶颈)。
核心语言
【核心词汇、短语】 spacecraft (n.), launch (v./n.), light year, mysterious (adj.), cooperate (v.), cooperation (n.), imagination (n.), expect (v.), expectation (n.), on board, billion, trillion, galaxy (n.), set foot on, in case, develop (v.)
【核心句型】
描述现状:The man-made object which has travelled farthest from Earth is Voyager 1. / This spacecraft was launched in 1977. / By 2025, Voyager 1 was over 25 billion kilometres from Earth.
说明距离:That star is 4.2 light years away—about 40 trillion kilometres! / The farthest that any human has travelled is only about 400,000 kilometres.
说明挑战:Time is a big problem. / It might take hundreds of thousands of years to get there!
表达展望:With nations and scientists cooperating, there is hope that the necessary technology will be developed. / It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars.
总结升华:The railway shows how different countries can work together to build a better world.
教学工具
PPT课件、旅行者1号与斯普特尼克1号相关视频片段、数字信息匹配任务卡、思维导图模板、小组讨论记录卡、“UN听证会发言”报告模板
教学策略
情境教学法、任务型教学法、合作学习法、PWP阅读教学模式
教学过程
教学环节
教学活动
学生活动
设计意图
Part1: Lead-in (4min)
Lead in
(3min)
1. Video Watching & Free Talk: Play a short video about Voyager 1 / deep space. Ask: “What does the video talk about? Have you ever stared at stars at night and wondered what stars really are?”
2. Background Introduction: Briefly introduce: “Voyager 1 is a spacecraft. A special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board, in case it is found by alien life.” Teach the words spacecraft, on board, mysterious.
3. Learning Objective Setting: Present the learning objectives for this class (from PPT): read a popular science article about reaching for the stars, get key information, and share your opinion about interstellar travel.
1. Watch the video, observe the images, and actively participate in the free talk, sharing their ideas about stars and spacecraft.
2. Learn the background information about Voyager 1 and key vocabulary (spacecraft, on board, mysterious).
3. Read and understand the learning objectives for the class.
3. Understand the topic of today’s reading.
1. 通过观看视频和自由讨论,激活学生关于星空与太空探索的背景知识,激发学习兴趣,自然引入本课“能否抵达恒星”的主题。
2. 介绍旅行者1号的背景信息和关键词汇,为后续阅读扫清障碍。
3. 清晰告知本课学习路径和目标,帮助学生形成明确的学习预期,使学习过程更具方向性。
3. 明确本课阅读主题,建立阅读期待。
效果评价:观察学生观看视频后的反应和自由讨论的参与度,评估其对太空探索话题的背景知识水平。通过提问“Have you ever wondered what stars really are?”,检查学生的好奇心和已有认知;通过学生对背景信息的回应,判断其对关键词汇的初步掌握情况。
Part 2: Pre-reading (7min)
Pre-reading
(7min)
1. Survey & Prediction (1a): Guide Ss to read the survey in 1a: “Where do you prefer to find information about space exploration?”. Have Ss choose and share reasons.
2. Text Type Prediction (1b): Show the title “Reaching for the Stars” and the picture. Guide Ss to predict the content: human dream of travelling to distant stars, space exploration future, etc.
3. Background Input: Teach “light year” with the definition: “A light year is the distance light travels in one year.” Show the map of Proxima Centauri and the numbers they will meet (1977, 25 billion, 4.2, 400,000, 6-9).
1. Read the survey, choose their preferred information sources, and share reasons with a partner or the class.
2. Look at the title and picture, predict the text type (popular science article) and the content.
3. Learn the definition of “light year” and get familiar with the key numbers they will read about.
1. 1a调查活动将个人偏好表达与阅读准备相结合,激活学生关于航天信息获取渠道的背景经验,同时引出科普说明文的话题。
2. 通过标题和图片预测文体与内容,培养学生的文体意识和阅读预测策略,激发探究欲望。
3. 提前输入“光年”定义和关键数字,为后续寻读任务降低认知负荷。
效果评价:倾听学生对信息来源的选择及理由,评估其表达的连贯性与词汇运用;观察学生对文体类型的判断和对标题的预测,评估其预测能力和对科普说明文文体的敏感度;检查学生对“light year”定义的理解情况。
Part 3: While-reading(15min)
While-reading(15min)
1. First Reading – Text Type Confirmation & Main Idea (1b/1c): Have Ss read the text quickly and confirm the text type (A popular science article). Then read again and match each paragraph with its main idea (1c). Discuss the structure: 引入→现状→挑战→展望.
2. Second Reading – Number Matching: Guide Ss to read again and match the numbers with what they refer to.
3. Third Reading – Mind Map (1d): Have Ss complete the mind map with information from the text (truth / wondered / record / 1977 / safety / six to nine / develop / sleep). Then add more items to the “other” section.
4. Detailed Q&A (1e): Have Ss read carefully and answer the five questions in 1e (ancient cultures’ belief; what is carried on board and why; the farthest human trip; two ideas for travelling to stars; human space achievements). Check answers and discuss the role of numbers and data.
1. Skim the text quickly to confirm the text type and match each paragraph with its main idea. Identify the overall structure 引入→现状→挑战→展望.
2. Scan the text for specific numbers and match them with corresponding information.
3. Read the text carefully and complete the mind map (1d) with key information, then add more items.
4. Answer the five detailed questions in 1e orally and discuss the role of numbers/data in the text.
1. 第一遍阅读训练略读技能,帮助学生把握文本的宏观结构和逻辑框架(引入→现状→挑战→展望),并通过文体确认强化科普说明文特征。
2. 第二遍阅读训练寻读技能,通过数字匹配任务引导学生关注关键数据信息,体会数字的力量(距离之浩瀚、探索之艰难)。
3. 思维导图填空(1d)帮助学生结构化梳理文本关键信息,为后续口头输出积累素材。
4. 细节问答(1e)引导学生全面理解文本内容,尤其关注数字数据的作用和作者对星际探索的态度。
效果评价:检查文体确认、段落匹配、数字匹配和思维导图填写的准确性。通过提问“What does ‘4.2 light years away’ mean?”,评估学生对“光年”概念的理解程度;通过追问“Why does the writer use so many numbers?”,评估学生对写作手法(用数据说话)的理解;检查1e问答的完成情况。
Part 4: Post-reading (11min)
1. Group Discussion (1f): Organize Ss into groups to discuss the question in 1f: “What do you think about the future of space exploration?” (Space exploration will keep developing; new technology will be created; we also need to protect Earth.)
2. Group Task – UN Hearing Speech: Set the scenario: “Now it’s 2040. You are at the UN hearing. Use what you learned from the article to support your opinion: Should humans spend money on interstellar travel?” Provide the report template from PPT. Give groups 3-4 minutes to prepare.
3. Class Presentation: Invite 2-3 groups to present their “UN hearing speeches” to the class.
4. Reading Plus – Quick Reading: Have Ss read “All About Satellites”. Guide Ss to tick the uses of satellites mentioned and answer the questions. Emphasize BDS (BeiDou Navigation Satellite System).
5. Extension Discussion: Ask: “How do satellites make our daily life easier? Can you think of more uses of satellites?”
1. Discuss the question in groups, sharing personal knowledge and opinions about the future of space exploration.
2. Work in groups to prepare a “UN hearing speech” using the provided template, incorporating facts from the article.
3. Selected groups present their speeches to the class.
4. Read “All About Satellites” quickly, tick the uses and answer the questions; learn about Sputnik 1.
5. Discuss how satellites help daily life and brainstorm more possible uses.
1. 讨论题引导学生将文本内容与现实世界相联系,拓展思维广度,培养科学态度与环保意识(探索与保护地球并重)。
2. “UN听证会发言”任务将阅读输入转化为口头输出,综合运用文本信息进行有说服力的创造性表达,培养语言综合运用能力和批判性思维。
3. 班级展示为学生提供展示平台,增强成就感和自信心。
4. 补充阅读拓展“航天技术造福生活”的主题维度,帮助学生了解卫星种类与用途,感受中国北斗等科技成果的意义,丰富学生对航天主题的理解。
5. 延伸讨论将阅读内容与学生的日常生活相联系,体会航天技术的实际价值,激发民族自豪感。
效果评价:观察小组讨论的参与度和发言质量;评估“UN听证会发言”的完整性、逻辑性和语言准确性,以及能否正确引用文本事实支撑观点;检查Reading Plus问答的完成情况;通过提问“How do satellites make our daily life easier?”,评估学生能否将所学内容与个人实际生活相联系。
Part 5: Summary (2min)
Use the summary slide from the PPT to review.
跟随老师一起进行内容总结。
简洁总结帮助学生梳理本课重点,强化记忆,为后续输出做准备。
Part 6: Language points(5min)
Explain five key words from the lesson in detail, using the PPT slides and exercises
将知识点做好笔记进行理解消化。
针对难点词汇和句型进行专项讲解,通过仿写巩固用法,提升语言准确性。
Part 7: Exercises (3min)
Guide Ss to finish the two in-class exercises on PPT:
一、选词填空(mysterious / gods / spacecraft / billion / galaxy / cooperate / on board / expectation / set foot on / imagination):Since ancient times, people have wondered about the (1) mysterious stars. Some believed they came from (2) gods. We have sent a (3) spacecraft called Voyager 1. It is over 25 (4) billion kilometres from Earth. It is far from our (5) galaxy. Many countries will (6) cooperate to explore space. Scientists (7) on board the spacecraft need to solve many problems. They have high (8) expectations that one day we will reach the stars. To think about life on other planets takes a lot of (9) imagination. It may be difficult to (10) set foot on other planets, but we will keep trying.
二、翻译:1) 从人类历史之初,人们就仰望星空,想知道星星是什么样的。——Since the beginning of human history, people have looked up at the stars and wondered what they were like. 2) 以防旅行者1号被外星生命发现,飞船上携带了一张包含地球声音和图片的特别唱片。——In case Voyager 1 is found by alien life, a special record with sounds and pictures from Earth is carried on board. 3) 似乎有一天我们将会到达恒星。——It seems likely that one day we will reach the stars. 4) 各国正在合作探索太空。——Countries are cooperating to explore space. 5) 我们期望未来能够登陆火星。——We have expectations that we can land on Mars in the future.
完成课堂练习。
即时检测词汇和句型、数字信息及情感理解的掌握情况,及时查漏补缺。
Part 8: Homework
Homework
基础作业:抄写本课核心词汇(spacecraft, launch, on board, light year, trillion, challenge, mysterious)各3遍,并各造一个句子。
进阶作业:①根据1d的思维导图,用完整的句子写出至少5个关于星际旅行的关键信息;②写一段话(60-80词),表达你对星际旅行的看法——你是否支持人类探索星际?为什么?
拓展作业:搜集资料,了解旅行者1号携带的“金唱片”(Golden Record)的更多信息(金唱片是什么;上面有什么内容;为什么要携带它;你的感受),制作一份英文海报或PPT,下节课进行展示。
将家庭作业做好记录。
作业设计体现分层、巩固与拓展。基础作业强化词汇和信息提取;进阶作业是创造性的书面复述,综合运用本课知识表达个人观点;拓展作业将英语学习延伸至真实资料搜集与展示,培养信息收集与转述能力,并深化对航天探索与人类使命的理解。
板书设计
教学反思
本课作为阅读课,成功地将语言学习、阅读技能训练和主题意义探究相结合。通过“预测—略读—寻读—分析—迁移”的PWP阅读活动链,引导学生深入理解了科普说明文“Reaching for the Stars”的内容、结构和意义。视频导入有效激活了学生的背景知识,1a调查与1b文体预测培养了学生的阅读策略意识。多层次阅读任务(段落大意匹配、数字信息匹配、思维导图填空、细节问答)循序渐进,满足了不同层次学生的学习需求;通过“4.2光年≈40万亿公里”等数字对比,帮助学生直观感受星际尺度的浩瀚,体会数据在科普说明文中的说服力。数字匹配任务(1977 / 25 billion / 4.2 / 400,000 / 6-9)设计精巧,将抽象的天文概念转化为可操作的信息获取活动。“UN听证会发言”小组任务为学生提供了综合运用语言的机会,实现了从输入到输出的有效迁移,并培养了批判性思维(探索价值 vs 成本与风险)。补充阅读(Reading plus)“All About Satellites”拓展了“航天技术造福生活”的主题维度,帮助学生了解卫星种类与用途,感受中国北斗等科技成果的意义,增强了民族自豪感。
需要注意的是,部分学生对“light year(光年)”的概念和天文尺度的换算仍存在理解困难,后续可在导入环节增加更直观的类比(如“光走一年的距离”)和可视化图示;在限时阅读和整合多源信息时,部分学生仍有困难,需加强阅读策略的持续训练;在“UN听证会发言”展示时,部分学生的语言准确性与引用文本事实的贴合度有待提高,需在后续教学中加强语言支架的搭建(如提供事实引用句型“According to the article, ...”)。总体而言,本节课较好地达成了阅读教学的目标,并促进了学生思维品质、文化意识和科学精神的提升。
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