Unit4～Unit5（语法综合练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 聚焦定语从句核心用法，通过“用法梳理-梯度训练”系统构建关系词选用能力，融合新情境素材提升语言应用与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础用法梳理|8类核心用法+示例|按指代对象（人/物）和句法功能（主/宾/定/状）分类归纳关系词选用规则|从关系代词到关系副词再到介词+关系词，形成“指代-功能-结构”递进链条| |应用能力训练|5类题型（填空12题、单选10题、合并8题、改错8题、语篇2篇）|通过“填空-选择-合并-改错-语篇”梯度训练，实现从基础识别到综合运用的能力提升|题型对应“识别-辨析-重组-纠错-语用”语言能力发展路径，新情境素材强化文化意识与思维品质|

专题02 Unit4~Unit5（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 类别 形式 核心用法 示例 关系代词 who/that 指人，在从句中作主语，也可作宾语 The worker who arrived first helped us. 关系代词 whom/who/that 指人，在从句中作宾语；介词后用whom The expert to whom we spoke was calm. 关系代词 which/that 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 The supplies that arrived were useful. 关系代词 whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语 The family whose house was damaged is safe. 关系副词 when 表示时间，相当于in/on/at which I remember the day when the quake struck. 关系副词 where 表示地点，相当于in/at which This is the shelter where we stayed. 关系副词 why 修饰reason，相当于for which That is the reason why we left early. 介词＋关系词 prep.+which/whom 介词后指物用which，指人用whom The language in which the book is written is Chinese. 一、用恰当的关系词填空 二、单项选择 三、用限制性定语从句合并句子 四、单句改错 五、语篇语法填空 一、用恰当的关系词填空 必要时可填“介词＋关系代词”；如关系词可省略，请在答案中注明。 1．【新情境】The rescue workers ________ arrived first entered the damaged building. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词workers指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who或that。 答案为who/that。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 2．The emergency supplies ________ were delivered by helicopter reached the village at noon. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词supplies指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which或that。 答案为which/that。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 3．The family ________ house was damaged stayed in a temporary shelter. 【答案】whose 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：空处在从句中修饰house，表示“这家人的房屋”，用whose。 答案为whose。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 4．The volunteer ________ we met at the shelter spoke three languages. 【答案】whom/who/that或省略 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词volunteer指人，关系词作met的宾语，可用whom、who、that，也可省略。 答案为whom/who/that或省略。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 5．Everything ________ could be saved was moved to a safe place. 【答案】that 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词是不定代词everything，通常用that引导限制性定语从句。 答案为that。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 6．This is the shelter ________ hundreds of residents spent the night. 【答案】where 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：从句不缺主宾语，空处表示“在避难所”，用where，相当于in which。 答案为where。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 7．I still remember the night ________ the earthquake struck the town. 【答案】when 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词night表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when。 答案为when。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 8．The reason ________ some characters changed over time is complex. 【答案】why 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，用why。 答案为why。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 9．The expert to ________ we spoke explained the warning system. 【答案】whom 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：介词to后指人只能用whom。 答案为whom。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 10．The language in ________ the ancient text was written is difficult to identify. 【答案】which 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：介词in后指物用which。 答案为which。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 11．Students ________ learn Chinese often become interested in calligraphy. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词Students指人，关系词在从句中作主语。 答案为who/that。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 12．The Chinese character ________ meaning I could not remember appeared again in the passage. 【答案】whose 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：空处修饰meaning，表示“这个汉字的含义”，用whose。 答案为whose。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 二、单项选择 【方法点拨】先把定语从句单独拿出来看成分是否完整，再决定用关系代词还是关系副词。 1．The earthquake ________ struck the region damaged several bridges. A．who B．which C．where D．when 【答案】B 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词earthquake指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which；也可用that，但选项中只有which。 答案为B。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 2．We visited a village ________ buildings had been rebuilt after the flood. A．which B．whose C．where D．that 【答案】B 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：空处修饰buildings，表示“这个村庄的建筑”，用whose。 答案为B。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 3．I will never forget the day ________ the rescue team found the last survivor. A．who B．which C．when D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词day表示时间，从句结构完整，空处作时间状语，用when。 答案为C。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 4．The school playground is the place ________ residents can gather after an earthquake. A．where B．which C．why D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词place表示地点，从句结构完整，空处作地点状语，用where。 答案为A。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 5．Do you know the reason ________ Chinese characters have remained in continuous use? A．where B．whom C．why D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词reason，空处在从句中作原因状语，用why。 答案为C。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 6．The linguist with ________ I discussed the question studies ancient Chinese. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 【答案】B 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：介词with后指人用whom，不能用who或that。 答案为B。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 7．This is the ancient source from ________ the symbol developed. A．that B．where C．which D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：介词from后指物用which。 答案为C。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 8．All ________ we can do now is wait for further information. A．what B．which C．who D．that 【答案】D 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：先行词all为不定代词，限制性定语从句通常用that引导。 答案为D。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 9．Which sentence is grammatically correct? A．This is the town where we visited yesterday. B．The book that I borrowed is about Chinese characters. C．The girl which helped me was a volunteer. D．I remember the day where the storm began. 【答案】B 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：B中that作borrowed的宾语，结构正确。A中visited缺宾语，应使用which/that；C指人应用who/that；D表示时间应用when。 答案为B。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 10．In which sentence can the relative word be omitted? A．The worker who came first was experienced. B．The supplies that arrived today are useful. C．The shelter that we entered was crowded. D．The student whose bag was lost asked for help. 【答案】C 【详解】考点：限制性定语从句。判断依据：C中that作entered的宾语，可以省略；其余关系词均作主语或定语，不能省略。 答案为C。方法迁移：定语从句要按“找先行词—看指人或指物—判断从句缺什么成分—检查介词”四步完成。 三、用限制性定语从句合并句子 【方法点拨】找出两句重复的名词，把第二句中的重复成分改为关系词，并紧跟在先行词之后。 1．The firefighter rescued a child. The child had been trapped for hours. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The firefighter rescued a child who/that had been trapped for hours. 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：先行词a child指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who或that。 答案为The firefighter rescued a child who/that had been trapped for hours.。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 2．We visited the town. The town was rebuilt after the earthquake. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We visited the town which/that was rebuilt after the earthquake. 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：先行词the town指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which或that。 答案为We visited the town which/that was rebuilt after the earthquake.。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 3．The family moved to a shelter. Their house was in ruins. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The family whose house was in ruins moved to a shelter. 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：关系词在从句中修饰house，表示所属关系，用whose。 答案为The family whose house was in ruins moved to a shelter.。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 4．I remember the day. The first rescue team arrived on that day. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】I remember the day when/on which the first rescue team arrived. 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：先行词day表示时间，关系词作时间状语，用when或on which。 答案为I remember the day when/on which the first rescue team arrived.。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 5．This is the school playground. Residents gathered there after the quake. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is the school playground where/on which residents gathered after the quake. 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：先行词playground表示地点，关系词作地点状语，用where或on which。 答案为This is the school playground where/on which residents gathered after the quake.。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 6．Can you explain the reason? Some languages disappear for that reason. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Can you explain the reason why/for which some languages disappear? 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：先行词reason，关系词作原因状语，用why或for which。 答案为Can you explain the reason why/for which some languages disappear?。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 7．The linguist gave us useful advice. We learned a great deal from him. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The linguist from whom we learned a great deal gave us useful advice. 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：介词from提前后，指人用whom。 答案为The linguist from whom we learned a great deal gave us useful advice.。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 8．I found several examples in the book. The examples show how characters changed. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】In the book, I found several examples which/that show how characters changed. 【详解】考点：定语从句合并。判断依据：先行词examples指物，关系词作从句主语，用which或that；将In the book置于句首可避免修饰关系含混。 答案为In the book, I found several examples which/that show how characters changed.。方法迁移：保留共同名词作先行词，删去第二句中重复的代词或状语，再把关系词紧放在先行词后。 四、单句改错 每句有一处关系词使用错误，请指出并改正。 1．The people which lost their homes received help. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】which → who/that 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：先行词people指人，应用who或that。 答案为which → who/that。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 2．The village where we visited last week has been rebuilt. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】where → which/that或省略 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：visited是及物动词，从句缺宾语，应用which/that，也可省略。 答案为where → which/that或省略。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 3．I remember the day which the quake happened. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】which → when/on which 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：从句结构完整，空处作时间状语，应用when或on which。 答案为which → when/on which。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 4．That is the reason which he changed his plan. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】which → why/for which 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：先行词reason，空处作原因状语，应用why或for which。 答案为which → why/for which。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 5．The scientist who book I am reading studies language history. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】who → whose 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：空处修饰book，表示“这位科学家的书”，应用whose。 答案为who → whose。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 6．Chinese is the language in that the message was written. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】that → which 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：介词in后指物只能用which。 答案为that → which。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 7．All which remained after the fire was a stone wall. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】which → that 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：先行词all为不定代词，通常用that。 答案为which → that。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 8．The volunteer whom helped us spoke fluent English. ________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】whom → who/that 【详解】考点：关系词辨析。判断依据：关系词在从句中作主语，应用who或that，不能用宾格whom。 答案为whom → who/that。方法迁移：不能只看先行词是人、物、时间或地点，还要看关系词在从句中到底作主语、宾语、定语还是状语。 五、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入恰当的关系词。 A The earthquake (1) ________ struck the mountain town damaged the only road into the area. The night (2) ________ it happened was cold and rainy. Rescue workers first helped residents (3) ________ homes were unsafe. They then guided everyone to a school playground (4) ________ temporary shelters had been set up. The organisation to (5) ________ the team belonged also delivered food and medical supplies. 【答案】1.that/which 2.when 3.whose 4.where 5.which 【详解】 1．【先行词＋成分】先行词earthquake指物；从句“___ struck the mountain town”缺主语，所以用关系代词that或which，不能用where。 2．【时间状语】先行词night表示时间；从句“it happened”主谓结构完整，空格作时间状语，用when（相当于on which）。 3．【所属关系】先行词residents指人，空格直接修饰homes，表示“居民的房屋”，只能用whose。 4．【地点状语】先行词playground表示地点；从句“temporary shelters had been set up”结构完整，空格作地点状语，用where（相当于on which）。 5．【介词＋关系代词】belong to是固定搭配，介词to已提前；先行词organisation指物，介词后只能用which，不能用that。 B Chinese is a language (1) ________ connects people from many different regions. Its writing system includes characters (2) ________ forms have changed over thousands of years. There was a time (3) ________ several different forms were used at once. One reason (4) ________ the system survived is that written Chinese helped unite speakers of different dialects. Today, learners can visit online museums in (5) ________ the development of many characters is clearly shown. 【答案】1.that/which 2.whose 3.when 4.why 5.which 【详解】 1．【先行词＋成分】先行词language指物；从句“___ connects people...”缺主语，用that或which。 2．【所属关系】空格修饰forms，表示“汉字的形体”，用whose；whose既可指人也可指物。 3．【时间状语】先行词time表示时间，从句“several different forms were used...”结构完整，空格作时间状语，用when。 4．【原因状语】先行词reason，从句“the system survived”结构完整，空格表示原因，用why（相当于for which）。 5．【介词＋关系代词】空格位于介词in之后，先行词online museums指物，因此只能用which，不能用that。 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Unit4~Unit5（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 类别 形式 核心用法 示例 关系代词 who/that 指人，在从句中作主语，也可作宾语 The worker who arrived first helped us. 关系代词 whom/who/that 指人，在从句中作宾语；介词后用whom The expert to whom we spoke was calm. 关系代词 which/that 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语 The supplies that arrived were useful. 关系代词 whose 指人或物，在从句中作定语 The family whose house was damaged is safe. 关系副词 when 表示时间，相当于in/on/at which I remember the day when the quake struck. 关系副词 where 表示地点，相当于in/at which This is the shelter where we stayed. 关系副词 why 修饰reason，相当于for which That is the reason why we left early. 介词＋关系词 prep.+which/whom 介词后指物用which，指人用whom The language in which the book is written is Chinese. 一、用恰当的关系词填空 二、单项选择 三、用限制性定语从句合并句子 四、单句改错 五、语篇语法填空 一、用恰当的关系词填空 必要时可填“介词＋关系代词”；如关系词可省略，请在答案中注明。 1．【新情境】The rescue workers ________ arrived first entered the damaged building. 2．The emergency supplies ________ were delivered by helicopter reached the village at noon. 3．The family ________ house was damaged stayed in a temporary shelter. 4．The volunteer ________ we met at the shelter spoke three languages. 5．Everything ________ could be saved was moved to a safe place. 6．This is the shelter ________ hundreds of residents spent the night. 7．I still remember the night ________ the earthquake struck the town. 8．The reason ________ some characters changed over time is complex. 9．The expert to ________ we spoke explained the warning system. 10．The language in ________ the ancient text was written is difficult to identify. 11．Students ________ learn Chinese often become interested in calligraphy. 12．The Chinese character ________ meaning I could not remember appeared again in the passage. 二、单项选择 1．The earthquake ________ struck the region damaged several bridges. A．who B．which C．where D．when 2．We visited a village ________ buildings had been rebuilt after the flood. A．which B．whose C．where D．that 3．I will never forget the day ________ the rescue team found the last survivor. A．who B．which C．when D．whose 4．The school playground is the place ________ residents can gather after an earthquake. A．where B．which C．why D．whom 5．Do you know the reason ________ Chinese characters have remained in continuous use? A．where B．whom C．why D．whose 6．The linguist with ________ I discussed the question studies ancient Chinese. A．who B．whom C．that D．which 7．This is the ancient source from ________ the symbol developed. A．that B．where C．which D．whom 8．All ________ we can do now is wait for further information. A．what B．which C．who D．that 9．Which sentence is grammatically correct? A．This is the town where we visited yesterday. B．The book that I borrowed is about Chinese characters. C．The girl which helped me was a volunteer. D．I remember the day where the storm began. 10．In which sentence can the relative word be omitted? A．The worker who came first was experienced. B．The supplies that arrived today are useful. C．The shelter that we entered was crowded. D．The student whose bag was lost asked for help. 三、用限制性定语从句合并句子 1．The firefighter rescued a child. The child had been trapped for hours. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．We visited the town. The town was rebuilt after the earthquake. ________________________________________________________________________ 3．The family moved to a shelter. Their house was in ruins. ________________________________________________________________________ 4．I remember the day. The first rescue team arrived on that day. ________________________________________________________________________ 5．This is the school playground. Residents gathered there after the quake. ________________________________________________________________________ 6．Can you explain the reason? Some languages disappear for that reason. ________________________________________________________________________ 7．The linguist gave us useful advice. We learned a great deal from him. ________________________________________________________________________ 8．I found several examples in the book. The examples show how characters changed. ________________________________________________________________________ 四、单句改错 每句有一处关系词使用错误，请指出并改正。 1．The people which lost their homes received help. ________________________________________________________________________ 2．The village where we visited last week has been rebuilt. ________________________________________________________________________ 3．I remember the day which the quake happened. ________________________________________________________________________ 4．That is the reason which he changed his plan. ________________________________________________________________________ 5．The scientist who book I am reading studies language history. ________________________________________________________________________ 6．Chinese is the language in that the message was written. ________________________________________________________________________ 7．All which remained after the fire was a stone wall. ________________________________________________________________________ 8．The volunteer whom helped us spoke fluent English. ________________________________________________________________________ 五、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入恰当的关系词。 A The earthquake (1) ________ struck the mountain town damaged the only road into the area. The night (2) ________ it happened was cold and rainy. Rescue workers first helped residents (3) ________ homes were unsafe. They then guided everyone to a school playground (4) ________ temporary shelters had been set up. The organisation to (5) ________ the team belonged also delivered food and medical supplies. B Chinese is a language (1) ________ connects people from many different regions. Its writing system includes characters (2) ________ forms have changed over thousands of years. There was a time (3) ________ several different forms were used at once. One reason (4) ________ the system survived is that written Chinese helped unite speakers of different dialects. Today, learners can visit online museums in (5) ________ the development of many characters is clearly shown. 1 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $