Unit 5 Languages Around the World定语从句（核心语法精练）英语人教版必修第一册

**基本信息** 以定语从句为核心，构建“定义-考点-辨析-应用”四层方法体系，通过分级训练提升语言运用与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|2类定义+对比示例|通过“有无逗号”“是否必要限定”区分限制性/非限制性从句|从基础定义出发，建立从句分类认知| |考点夯基|单项选择10题+单句语法填空10题|“成分分析法”判断关系代词/副词；“固定搭配法”解决介词+关系代词|从关系词分类到特殊规则，形成考点网络| |综合提升|语法填空1篇+完形1篇+七选五1篇|“语境分析法”综合运用从句知识，结合语篇理解解题|从单句到语篇，实现知识迁移与综合应用|

Unit 5 Languages Around the World 核心语法精练 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、综合提升 14 一、语法填空 14 二、完形填空........................................................................................................................ 三、阅读理解七选五 18 定语从句 1、 语法核心定义 1. 限制性定语从句：先行词+关系词+定语从句，无逗号分隔，对先行词进行必要限定， 不可删除，否则句意不完整。 例：The floods which happened last week destroyed many houses. 上周发生的洪水摧毁了许多房屋。 2. 非限制性定语从句：先行词/主句整句+ ，+关系词+定语从句， 有逗号分隔，仅作补充说明，删除不影响主句核心句意。 例：The earthquake struck at midnight, which caused great losses. 地震在午夜发生，造成了巨大损失。 二、必考分类考点 考点一：定语从句关系词用法 1. 关系代词：who（指人，主格）、whom（指人，宾格）、which（指物）、 that（指人/物）、whose（表所属，人/物均可） 2. 关系副词：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因） 总规则：关系副词在从句中不作主宾，只作状语，从句主干完整不缺成分 （1）where（地点状语） ✅ 先行词：表地点（place, school, city, classroom, factory, village） ✅ 从句状态：主语、宾语齐全，缺地点状语（在这个地方） ✅ 例句：This is the school where I studied for three years. ✅ 等价转换：where = in which （2） when（时间状语） ✅ 先行词：表时间（time, day, year, month, moment） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺时间状语（在这个时间） ✅ 例句：I still remember the day when we first met. ✅ 等价转换：when = on/in/at which （3） why（原因状语） ✅ 唯一固定先行词：the reason（仅此一个） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺原因状语（因为这个原因） ✅ 例句：This is the reason why he was late for school. ✅ 等价转换：why = for which 三、关系代词和关系副词精准辨析 （一）看从句缺不缺成分 1. 从句缺主语/缺宾语 → 必须用【关系代词：who/which/that】 2. 从句主谓宾齐全、语义完整 → 必须用【关系副词：when/where/why】 （二）经典必考对比例句 ① This is the factory where I work.（work是不及物动词，从句完整→地点状语→where） ② This is the factory that/which I visited.（visit缺宾语→代词） ③ I remember the day when I joined the club.（句子完整→时间状语） ④ I remember the day that/which we spent together.（spent缺宾语→代词） 3. 特殊规则： （1）限制性定语从句中，先行词被最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰时，只用that； （2）非限制性定语从句绝对不用that。 4. 特殊固定句型） （1）The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 例：The reason why he failed is that he didn’t work hard. （2） The time when... ……的时刻/时间 （3）The place where... ……的地方 考点二：介词+关系代词结构 介词根据从句固定搭配、先行词搭配确定，常用结构：in/on/for/of + which/whom。 介词+关系代词 1. 结构：介词 + which / whom（绝对不接that/who） 2. 介词选择依据：看从句固定搭配/看先行词搭配 ✅ 例句：This is the person to whom I spoke just now.（speak to 固定搭配） ✅ 例句：This is the room in which I live.（live in 固定搭配） 考点三：非限制性定语从句代指整句 which/as 可指代前面整句话内容，which 多用于句末， as 可置于句首/句中，意为“正如、正如……一样”。 四、【定语从句】小结： 1. 先行词是人、从句缺主语 → who / that 2. 先行词是人、从句缺宾语 → whom / that（可省） 3. 先行词是物、从句缺主宾 → which / that 4. 表“……的”（人/物通用）→ whose 5. 先行词地点、从句完整 → where 6. 先行词时间、从句完整 → when 7. 先行词reason、从句完整 → why 8. 介词后 → 只能用which / whom 9. 最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰 → 只用that 一、单项选择 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The boy ________ won the first prize comes from a small village. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Is this the factory ________ your father worked in ten years ago? A．where B．which C．that D．the one 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The pen _________ I write notes works very well. A．by which B．with which C．for which D．at which 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The hotel _________ we stayed during the trip was clean and comfortable. A．at which B．on which C．for which D．with which 5．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The woman _________ you spoke just now is our new head teacher. A．to whom B．for whom C．in whom D．on whom 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The reason _________ he refused the invitation is unknown to us. A．in which B．on which C．for which D．with which 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is the factory _________ my father worked ten years ago. A．in which B．for which C．with which D．to which 8．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The stage ________ we are standing now is famous for animal migration shows. A．which B．where C．why D．when 9．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）There was a moment ________ all the animals stopped their annual movement suddenly. A．when B．where C．which D．whom 10．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Please tell me the reason ________ you were late for school. A．which B．who C．why D．when 二、语法填空 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It shocked the athlete that the medal he won in the championship was lost. （用适当的词填空） 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The girl I gave my notebook is Lily.  (用适当的词 填空) 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all he saw and heard in China. （用适当的词填空） 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The boy I played basketball is my deskmate. （用适当的词填空） 5．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is the reason she was angry. （用适当的词填空） 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）I still remember the day you came to see me.  (用适当的词填空) 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is the man from I learned a lot in my life. (用适当的词填空) 8．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. (用适当的词填空) 9．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）He is the only person can help you out of trouble. (用适当的词填空) 10．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Everything he told me is true. (用适当的词填空) 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 01 （2026·湖南·模拟预测）Every morning, 1 firm determination and hope for a bright future, 20-year-old Bakhtiar Aryubzi walks into the Chinese-language classroom at Nangarhar University in eastern Afghanistan. For him and a growing number of young Afghans, mastering Chinese is more than a practical skill; it is a pathway 2 (connect) cultures, foster understanding, and open doors between Afghanistan and 3 (neighbor) China. The interest in learning Chinese is surging not only in the capital but also day by day across the east of 4 country. Although job opportunities and scholarships draw many students, the deeper 5 (motivate) for many lies in cultural exchange, and the chance to share Afghan heritage while they are embracing Chinese traditions, history, and values. Abdul Kabir Halimi, 6 journeyed hundreds of kilometers from the remote and mountainous province of Nuristan to Nangarhar University, is now at his HSK 4 level and already speaks Chinese 7 (fluent). “I am interested in learning Chinese. Our province is remote, and there are no educational opportunities, so I came here,” he said. He is witnessing the rewards of his year-long efforts and envisions even greater possibilities ahead. Under the framework of Afghanistan’s Confucius Institute, a Chinese language course 8 (establish) at Nangarhar University in 2018. Since then, it has provided opportunities for more than 130 Afghan youths to learn Chinese. Through language, students like Aryubzi and Halimi see 9 (they) not only gaining economic opportunities but actively contributing to mutual understanding, translating texts, sharing traditions, 10 building lasting people-to-people connections between Afghanistan and China. 二、完形填空 （25-26高二下·浙江·期中）Just 2 months into my Ph. D．, I was about to quit. I came to the new city with a 1 : to become a scientist. The instruments in the lab were new to me. On my first day, my teacher tasked me to set up a reaction. I pretended to know, then 2 a corner and watched a senior student until my shaky hands could 3 her movements. Most of all, I struggled with the 4 barrier. At lab meetings, the conversation 5 so fast that by the time I understood a question, another discussion had already moved on. But during my struggles, a 6 classmate said something that would 7 my attitude to science. After one presentation left me 8 , I considered quitting science. At that time, he pulled me aside. “You are not here because of your English,” he 9 me, “You are here because you could think.” His words gave me the 10 to continue. I started to carry a tape recorder every day, replaying presentations late at night to fill in the 11 . My English progress was slow but steady. By the time I 12 my Ph. D．, I could express my ideas 13 . I came to see my language not as a 14 , but as my identity. His words were also a simple 15 that turned my fear into courage and my struggle into success. 1．A．concern B．belief C．doubt D．sense 2．A．pulled into B．fell into C．slipped into D．wandered into 3．A．create B．control C．replace D．copy 4．A．language B．skill C．mind D．task 5．A．progressed B．dragged C．started D．faded 6．A．humorous B．modest C．daring D．caring 7．A．follow B．shape C．simplify D．support 8．A．moved B．alarmed C．embarrassed D．delighted 9．A．showed B．answered C．reminded D．warned 10．A．curiosity B．chance C．faith D．courage 11．A．letters B．gaps C．forms D．applications 12．A．secured B．pursued C．rejected D．demanded 13．A．briefly B．quickly C．clearly D．privately 14．A．mistake B．failure C．burden D．barrier 15．A．experience B．message C．record D．method 四、阅读理解七选五 （25-26高一下·湖北武汉·期末）How to Become Confident For most of us, self-confidence isn’t just something that falls out of the sky. 1 46 Fortunately, by following specific habits and practicing certain beliefs, you can improve your self-esteem and go through life with higher self-confidence. ● 2 Truly confident people never pretend to be the wisest person around them. Instead of showing off their knowledge to impress others, they keep curious, ask questions actively and keep learning all the time. This humble attitude makes them more popular and helps them become wiser in the process of communication and study. ●Make more eye contact A scientific study has proved the close link between self-confidence and eye contact. People with low self-esteem often avoid continuous eye contact during communication. 3 Proper eye contact shows one’s sincerity and concentration, creates effective emotional communication, and greatly strengthens interpersonal trust between people. ●Practice open body language Body language is a direct and obvious reflection of one’s inner confidence. Confident people always keep open and relaxed body gestures, while insecure people tend to make themselves look small and reserved. Body language and confidence influence each other mutually. Simple practice of open gestures can greatly help people rebuild inner confidence gradually. 4 ●Don’t care much about other people’s opinions 5 It is from being afraid of others’ thought. We care too much about other people’s opinions. Highly confident people, on the other hand, don’t care much about the opinions of others. They aren’t bothered with trying to impress others. They don’t care much if someone thinks what they wear, say, or do is stupid. A．Try to bravely bring out the best in you. B．Stop forcing yourself to be perfectly right. C．Lack of confidence influences many aspects of our daily life. D．But improper behaviors will slowly damage your confidence. E．Instead, confident people usually keep looking at you while talking. F．Low confidence is not mainly because we think poorly of ourselves. G．However, active communication is the key to building personal confidence. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Languages Around the World 核心语法精练 答案 考点夯基 一、单项选择 1．【答案】C 【详解】句意：赢得一等奖的这个男孩来自一个小村庄。空处引导定语从句，先行词the boy，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。 2．【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是你父亲十年前工作的那家工厂吗？分析句子成分和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句；分析从句句子成分可知，谓语worked in后缺宾语，所以要用关系代词；先行词the factory指物，可用which或that，本题为单选题，that和which在此处均可，但标准答案通常优先选that，因为先行词被the修饰，且无逗号隔开，that 常用，选C. that。 3．【答案】B 【详解】句意：我用来记笔记的这支钢笔很好用。表示“用某种工具”用介词with，write with the pen，故选with which。 4．【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们旅行期间入住的那家酒店干净又舒适。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the hotel，固定搭配stay at the hotel表示“住在酒店”，介词at提前，后接关系代词which，因此填at which。 5．【答案】A 【详解】句意：你刚才和她说话的那位女士是我们的新班主任。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the woman指人，固定搭配 speak to sb. 意为“和某人交谈”，介词to提前，后接关系代词whom，因此填to whom。 6．【答案】C 【详解】句意：他拒绝邀请的原因我们无从知晓。设空处引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“…… 的原因”，应用why引导，相当于for which。 7．【答案】A 【详解】句意：这就是我父亲十年前工作过的那家工厂。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰名词the factory，固定搭配work in the factory意为“在工厂工作”，所以用in+关系代词引导从句，先行词为事物，用which指代，因此填in which。 8．【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们现在所在的这个舞台，因动物迁徙表演而闻名。空处到now为定语从句，先行词为the stage，从句中缺少地点状语，此时应用关系副词where引导定语从句。 9．【答案】A 【详解】句意：曾有一刻，所有动物突然停止了它们一年一度的迁徙。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词a moment表时间，从句需要时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 10．【答案】C 【详解】句意：请告诉我你上学迟到的原因。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，因此应用关系副词why引导。 二、语法填空 1．【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：让这位运动员震惊的是，他在锦标赛中赢得的那枚奖章弄丢了。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the medal（奖章，指事物），且关系词在从句中作won的宾语，因此用关系代词that或which都符合语法规则。 2．【答案】to 【详解】句意：我把笔记本给她的那个女孩是莉莉。设空处引导定语从句，固定搭配give sth. to sb. 表示“把某物给某人”，先行词the girl指人，可以用whom，介词to提前，关系代词在从句中作介词to的宾语，可以省略，因此处空格处填写介词to。 3．【答案】that 【详解】句意：杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词all，指代“所有事物”，关系词只能用that引导，代替先行词在从句中作saw和heard的宾语。 4．【答案】with whom 【详解】句意：和我一起打篮球的男孩是我的同桌。空处引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词The boy。play basketball with sb.意为“和某人一起打篮球”，为固定搭配，此处介词with提前至关系代词前，指代人时只能用关系代词whom，因此空格应填入 with whom。 5．【答案】why 【详解】句意：这就是她生气的原因。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。 6．【答案】when 【详解】句意：我仍然记得你来看我的那一天。先行词是the day，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 7．【答案】whom 【详解】句意：这就是我人生中从他身上学到很多东西的那个人。man后为限制性定语从句，先行词是the man，指人，关系词在介词from之后作宾语，用whom。 8．【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：我们不知道在这场灾难中失去家园的人数。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。 9．【答案】that 【详解】句意：他是唯一能帮你摆脱困境的人。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词person前有the only修饰，在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导。 10．【答案】that 【详解】句意：他告诉我的一切都是真的。本句是定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，指物，且在从句中作动词told的宾语。英语语法规则规定，当先行词是everything这类不定代词时，定语从句的关系代词要用that，不用which，因此填that。 综合提升 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 01 【答案】 1．with 2．to connect 3．neighboring 4．the 5．motivation 6．who 7．fluently 8．was established 9．themselves 10．and 【导语】文章介绍了越来越多的阿富汗年轻人积极学习中文，将其视为连接文化、促进理解、获得就业与深造机会的重要桥梁。 【详解】 1．考查介词。句意：每天早晨，怀着坚定决心和对光明未来的希望，20岁的Bakhtiar Aryubzi走进阿富汗东部楠格哈尔大学的中文教室。结合空后的名词短语“firm determination and hope”可知，此处表示“怀着坚定的决心和希望”，应用介词with引出伴随的状态或方式。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：对他和越来越多的阿富汗年轻人来说，掌握中文不仅是一项实用技能，更是连接文化、促进理解、打开阿富汗与邻国中国之间交流大门的途径。结合后面的“foster”和“open”为动词原形可知，此处应用connect“连接”的不定式作后置定语，说明pathway“途径，路径”的功能。 3．考查形容词。句意：对他和越来越多的阿富汗年轻人来说，掌握中文不仅是一项实用技能，更是连接文化、促进理解、打开阿富汗与邻国中国之间交流大门的途径。空处作修饰China的定语，形容词neighboring符合题意，意为“邻近的”。 4．考查冠词。句意：学习中文的热潮不仅在首都日益高涨，在阿富汗东部地区也日渐兴起。此处的国家特指上文提到的阿富汗，country前应用定冠词the。 5．考查名词。句意：尽管工作机会和奖学金吸引了许多学生，但对许多人而言，更深层的动机在于文化交流，以及在拥抱中国传统、历史和价值观的同时分享阿富汗文化遗产的机会。空处作主语，被deeper修饰，名词motivation符合题意，意为“动机”，是不可数名词。 6．考查定语从句。句意：从偏远山区努里斯坦省跋涉数百公里来到楠格哈尔大学的Abdul Kabir Halimi，现已通过HSK 4级考试，并能流利地说中文。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Abdul Kabir Halimi作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who作引导词。 7．考查副词。句意：从偏远山区努里斯坦省跋涉数百公里来到楠格哈尔大学的Abdul Kabir Halimi，现已通过HSK 4级考试，并能流利地说中文。空处修饰动词speaks，结合“is now at his HSK 4 level”可知，副词fluently符合题意，意为“流利地”。 8．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在阿富汗孔子学院的框架下，楠格哈尔大学于2018年设立了中文课程。空处作句子的谓语，结合“in 2018”可知，时态应用一般过去时，establish“设立，创建”和主语a Chinese language course之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用was。 9．考查代词。句意：通过语言，像Aryubzi和Halimi这样的学生看到，他们不仅获得了经济机遇，更积极促进相互理解——翻译文本、分享传统，并建立中阿之间持久的人文联系。此处see这一动作的实施者和承受者相同，空处应用they的反身代词形式themselves，意为“他们自己”。 10．考查连词。句意：通过语言，像Aryubzi和Halimi这样的学生看到，他们不仅获得了经济机遇，更积极促进相互理解——翻译文本、分享传统，并建立中阿之间持久的人文联系。空后的building与前面的contributing、translating以及sharing构成并列关系，最后一项前需用并列连词and连接。 二、完形填空 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文讲述作者攻读博士初期屡屡受挫、萌生退意，一位体贴的同学出言开导，让作者重拾勇气、攻克语言难关，最终顺利完成博士学业、完成心态成长的故事。 1．考查名词。句意：我带着成为科学家的信念来到这个新城市。A. concern担忧；B. belief信念；C. doubt怀疑；D. sense感觉。根据后文“to become a scientist”以及下文作者努力克服困难坚持科研可知，作者带着成为科学家的信念来到新城市，a belief表示“一种信念”，符合语境。 2．考查动词短语。句意：我假装知道，然后溜到一个角落，看着一个高年级学生，直到我颤抖的双手能够模仿她的动作。A. pulled into拉进；B. fell into掉进；C. slipped into溜进；D. wandered into走进。根据前文“I pretended to know”以及后文“a corner”可知，作者假装知道怎么做，然后悄悄溜到角落看高年级学生操作，slip into a corner表示“溜进角落。 3．考查动词。句意：我假装知道，然后溜到一个角落，看着一个高年级学生，直到我颤抖的双手能够模仿她的动作。A. create创造；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. copy模仿。根据前文“watched a senior student”以及后文“her movements”可知，作者看高年级学生是为了模仿她的动作。 4．考查名词。句意：最重要的是，我努力克服语言障碍。A. language语言；B. skill技能；C. mind思想；D. task任务。根据下文“At lab meetings, the conversation ____ so fast that by the time I understood a question, another discussion had already moved on.”以及后文多次提到作者英语方面的问题可知，作者面临的是语言障碍。 5．考查动词。句意：在实验室会议上，对话进展得如此之快，以至于等我理解了一个问题，另一个讨论已经继续下去了。A. progressed进展；B. dragged拖；C. started开始；D. faded褪色。根据后文“so fast that by the time I understood a question, another discussion had already moved on”可知，对话进展得快。 6．考查形容词。句意：但在我挣扎的时候，一位体贴的同学说了一些话，这将塑造我对科学的态度。A. humorous幽默的；B. modest谦虚的；C. daring大胆的；D. caring体贴的。根据后文“At that time, he pulled me aside.”以及他说的话鼓励了作者可知，这位同学是体贴的。 7．考查动词。句意：但在我挣扎的时候，一位体贴的同学说了一些话，这将塑造我对科学的态度。A. follow跟随；B. shape塑造；C. simplify简化；D. support支持。根据后文“I started to carry a tape recorder every day, replaying presentations late at night”以及作者最终获得博士学位可知，同学的话塑造了作者对科学的态度。 8．考查形容词。句意：在一次让我尴尬的展示之后，我考虑放弃科学。A. moved感动的；B. alarmed惊慌的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“I considered quitting science”可知，展示让作者尴尬所以想放弃。 9．考查动词。句意：“你来这里不是因为你的英语，”他提醒我，“你来这里是因为你能思考。”A. showed展示；B. answered回答；C. reminded提醒；D. warned警告。根据前文“At that time, he pulled me aside.”以及他说的话可知，同学是在提醒作者。 10．考查名词。句意：他的话给了我继续下去的勇气。A. curiosity好奇心；B. chance机会；C. faith信念；D. courage勇气。根据后文“to continue”以及作者最终坚持下来获得博士学位可知，同学的话给了作者勇气。 11．考查名词。句意：我开始每天带着一台录音机，深夜重放展示内容以填补空白。A. letters信件；B. gaps空白；C. forms形式；D. applications应用。根据前文作者有语言障碍以及“replaying presentations late at night”可知，重放展示内容是为了填补自己没听懂的部分，即空白。 12．考查动词。句意：到我获得博士学位时，我已经能够清楚地表达自己的想法。A. secured获得；B. pursued追求；C. rejected拒绝；D. demanded要求。根据后文“my Ph. D.”可知，是获得博士学位。 13．考查副词。句意：到我获得博士学位时，我已经能够清楚地表达自己的想法。A. briefly简要地；B. quickly快速地；C. clearly清楚地；D. privately私下地。根据前文作者努力克服语言障碍以及“My English progress was slow but steady.”可知，作者最终能够清楚地表达想法。 14．考查名词。句意：我开始不再把我的语言看作是一种障碍，而是看作我的身份。A. mistake错误；B. failure失败；C. burden负担；D. barrier障碍。根据前文“I struggled with the ____ barrier”原词复现可知，语言曾是困扰作者的最大障碍。 15．考查名词。句意：他的话也是一个简单的信息，将我的恐惧转化为勇气，将我的挣扎转化为成功。A. experience经历；B. message信息；C. record记录；D. method方法。根据前文同学说的话以及后文“that turned my fear into courage and my struggle into success”可知，同学的话是一个简单的信息。 四、阅读理解七选五 （25-26高一下·湖北武汉·期末） 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．E 4．D 5．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了提升自信的四种实用方法，分别是保持谦逊好学、多进行眼神交流、练习开放肢体语言、不过分在意他人评价。 【详解】 1．由上文“For most of us, self-confidence isn’t just something that falls out of the sky.(对我们大多数人来说，自信不会凭空而来)”以及下文“Fortunately, by following specific habits and practicing certain beliefs, you can improve your self-esteem and go through life with higher self-confidence.(幸运的是，通过养成特定习惯、践行特定信念，你就能提升自尊，以更强的自信度过人生)”可知，空格承接上文自信难以凭空获得，引出后文提高自信的办法。C选项“Lack of confidence influences many aspects of our daily life.(缺乏自信会影响我们日常生活的方方面面)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中“Lack of confidence”与上文“self-confidence”、与下文“higher self-confidence”相呼应，“many aspects of our daily life”与下文“go through life”相呼应，逻辑通顺。 2．由下文“Truly confident people never pretend to be the wisest person around them. Instead of showing off their knowledge to impress others, they keep curious, ask questions actively and keep learning all the time.(真正自信的人从不会装作身边最博学的人。他们不会卖弄学识来博取他人好感，而是始终保有好奇心、主动发问，坚持不断学习)”可知，本段讲述的是真正自信的人从不炫耀，始终保持谦逊、求知、持续学习。B选项“Stop forcing yourself to be perfectly right.(不要强求自己事事完美正确)”能概括本段谦逊不自满的主旨，作为本段小标题贴合段落内容；该选项中“Stop forcing yourself to be perfectly right”与下文“never pretend to be the wisest person”、“keep curious”、“ask questions”、“keep learning”形成呼应。 3．由上文“People with low self-esteem often avoid continuous eye contact during communication.(自卑的人交流时常回避持续的眼神接触)”以及下文“Proper eye contact shows one’s sincerity and concentration, creates effective emotional communication, and greatly strengthens interpersonal trust between people.(恰当的眼神交流能够展现一个人的真诚与专注，促成高效的情感沟通，还能极大增进人与人之间的信任)”可知，空格对比自卑人群，讲述自信者的眼神习惯。E选项“Instead, confident people usually keep looking at you while talking.(相反，自信的人交谈时通常会直视对方。)”中Instead形成正反对比，“keep looking at you”与上下文“eye contact”精准呼应，能承上启下，符合题意。 4．由上文“Simple practice of open gestures can greatly help people rebuild inner confidence gradually.(练习舒展的肢体动作能逐步重塑内心自信)”可知，前文讲舒展肢体语言的好处。D选项“But improper behaviors will slowly damage your confidence.(但不当行为会慢慢损害你的自信)”转折说明不当肢体动作的负面影响，能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中“improper behaviors”与上文“open gestures”形成正反对照。 5．由下文“It is from being afraid of others’ thought. We care too much about other people’s opinions.(根源是害怕他人的看法，我们过度在意别人评价)”可知，后文解释不自信的真正成因，空格提出观点：自卑的主要原因并非自我否定。F选项“Low confidence is not mainly because we think poorly of ourselves.(缺乏自信，主要并非因为自我否定)”能引出下文解释原因的内容，符合题意，该选项中“Low confidence”与下文“care too much about other people’s opinions”构成逻辑呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Languages Around the World 核心语法精练 目录 1 二、考点夯基 4 一、单项选择 4 二、单句语法填空 11 三、综合提升 14 一、语法填空 14 二、完形填空........................................................................................................................ 三、阅读理解七选五 18 定语从句 1、 语法核心定义 1. 限制性定语从句：先行词+关系词+定语从句，无逗号分隔，对先行词进行必要限定， 不可删除，否则句意不完整。 例：The floods which happened last week destroyed many houses. 上周发生的洪水摧毁了许多房屋。 2. 非限制性定语从句：先行词/主句整句+ ，+关系词+定语从句， 有逗号分隔，仅作补充说明，删除不影响主句核心句意。 例：The earthquake struck at midnight, which caused great losses. 地震在午夜发生，造成了巨大损失。 二、必考分类考点 考点一：定语从句关系词用法 1. 关系代词：who（指人，主格）、whom（指人，宾格）、which（指物）、 that（指人/物）、whose（表所属，人/物均可） 2. 关系副词：when（表时间）、where（表地点）、why（表原因） 总规则：关系副词在从句中不作主宾，只作状语，从句主干完整不缺成分 （1）where（地点状语） ✅ 先行词：表地点（place, school, city, classroom, factory, village） ✅ 从句状态：主语、宾语齐全，缺地点状语（在这个地方） ✅ 例句：This is the school where I studied for three years. ✅ 等价转换：where = in which （2） when（时间状语） ✅ 先行词：表时间（time, day, year, month, moment） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺时间状语（在这个时间） ✅ 例句：I still remember the day when we first met. ✅ 等价转换：when = on/in/at which （3） why（原因状语） ✅ 唯一固定先行词：the reason（仅此一个） ✅ 从句状态：主干完整，缺原因状语（因为这个原因） ✅ 例句：This is the reason why he was late for school. ✅ 等价转换：why = for which 三、关系代词和关系副词精准辨析 （一）看从句缺不缺成分 1. 从句缺主语/缺宾语 → 必须用【关系代词：who/which/that】 2. 从句主谓宾齐全、语义完整 → 必须用【关系副词：when/where/why】 （二）经典必考对比例句 ① This is the factory where I work.（work是不及物动词，从句完整→地点状语→where） ② This is the factory that/which I visited.（visit缺宾语→代词） ③ I remember the day when I joined the club.（句子完整→时间状语） ④ I remember the day that/which we spent together.（spent缺宾语→代词） 3. 特殊规则： （1）限制性定语从句中，先行词被最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰时，只用that； （2）非限制性定语从句绝对不用that。 4. 特殊固定句型） （1）The reason why...is that... ……的原因是…… 例：The reason why he failed is that he didn’t work hard. （2） The time when... ……的时刻/时间 （3）The place where... ……的地方 考点二：介词+关系代词结构 介词根据从句固定搭配、先行词搭配确定，常用结构：in/on/for/of + which/whom。 介词+关系代词 1. 结构：介词 + which / whom（绝对不接that/who） 2. 介词选择依据：看从句固定搭配/看先行词搭配 ✅ 例句：This is the person to whom I spoke just now.（speak to 固定搭配） ✅ 例句：This is the room in which I live.（live in 固定搭配） 考点三：非限制性定语从句代指整句 which/as 可指代前面整句话内容，which 多用于句末， as 可置于句首/句中，意为“正如、正如……一样”。 四、【定语从句】小结： 1. 先行词是人、从句缺主语 → who / that 2. 先行词是人、从句缺宾语 → whom / that（可省） 3. 先行词是物、从句缺主宾 → which / that 4. 表“……的”（人/物通用）→ whose 5. 先行词地点、从句完整 → where 6. 先行词时间、从句完整 → when 7. 先行词reason、从句完整 → why 8. 介词后 → 只能用which / whom 9. 最高级、序数词、不定代词修饰 → 只用that 一、单项选择 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The boy ________ won the first prize comes from a small village. A．which B．whom C．who D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：赢得一等奖的这个男孩来自一个小村庄。空处引导定语从句，先行词the boy，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Is this the factory ________ your father worked in ten years ago? A．where B．which C．that D．the one 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是你父亲十年前工作的那家工厂吗？分析句子成分和句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句；分析从句句子成分可知，谓语worked in后缺宾语，所以要用关系代词；先行词the factory指物，可用which或that，本题为单选题，that和which在此处均可，但标准答案通常优先选that，因为先行词被the修饰，且无逗号隔开，that 常用，选C. that。 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The pen _________ I write notes works very well. A．by which B．with which C．for which D．at which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我用来记笔记的这支钢笔很好用。表示“用某种工具”用介词with，write with the pen，故选with which。 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The hotel _________ we stayed during the trip was clean and comfortable. A．at which B．on which C．for which D．with which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们旅行期间入住的那家酒店干净又舒适。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the hotel，固定搭配stay at the hotel表示“住在酒店”，介词at提前，后接关系代词which，因此填at which。 5．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The woman _________ you spoke just now is our new head teacher. A．to whom B．for whom C．in whom D．on whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你刚才和她说话的那位女士是我们的新班主任。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词the woman指人，固定搭配 speak to sb. 意为“和某人交谈”，介词to提前，后接关系代词whom，因此填to whom。 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The reason _________ he refused the invitation is unknown to us. A．in which B．on which C．for which D．with which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他拒绝邀请的原因我们无从知晓。设空处引导限制性定语从句，从句中不缺少成分，表示“…… 的原因”，应用why引导，相当于for which。 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is the factory _________ my father worked ten years ago. A．in which B．for which C．with which D．to which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这就是我父亲十年前工作过的那家工厂。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰名词the factory，固定搭配work in the factory意为“在工厂工作”，所以用in+关系代词引导从句，先行词为事物，用which指代，因此填in which。 8．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The stage ________ we are standing now is famous for animal migration shows. A．which B．where C．why D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们现在所在的这个舞台，因动物迁徙表演而闻名。空处到now为定语从句，先行词为the stage，从句中缺少地点状语，此时应用关系副词where引导定语从句。 9．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）There was a moment ________ all the animals stopped their annual movement suddenly. A．when B．where C．which D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：曾有一刻，所有动物突然停止了它们一年一度的迁徙。此处为限制性定语从句，先行词a moment表时间，从句需要时间状语，用关系副词when引导。 10．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Please tell me the reason ________ you were late for school. A．which B．who C．why D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请告诉我你上学迟到的原因。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the reason，且关系词在从句中作原因状语，因此应用关系副词why引导。 二、语法填空 1．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）It shocked the athlete that the medal he won in the championship was lost. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：让这位运动员震惊的是，他在锦标赛中赢得的那枚奖章弄丢了。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 the medal（奖章，指事物），且关系词在从句中作won的宾语，因此用关系代词that或which都符合语法规则。 2．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The girl I gave my notebook is Lily.  (用适当的词 填空) 【答案】to 【详解】句意：我把笔记本给她的那个女孩是莉莉。设空处引导定语从句，固定搭配give sth. to sb. 表示“把某物给某人”，先行词the girl指人，可以用whom，介词to提前，关系代词在从句中作介词to的宾语，可以省略，因此处空格处填写介词to。 3．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Professor Jeff is to give the students a talk on all he saw and heard in China. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】句意：杰夫教授将给学生们做一个关于他在中国的所见所闻的报告。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词all，指代“所有事物”，关系词只能用that引导，代替先行词在从句中作saw和heard的宾语。 4．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）The boy I played basketball is my deskmate. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】with whom 【详解】句意：和我一起打篮球的男孩是我的同桌。空处引导定语从句，修饰指人的先行词The boy。play basketball with sb.意为“和某人一起打篮球”，为固定搭配，此处介词with提前至关系代词前，指代人时只能用关系代词whom，因此空格应填入 with whom。 5．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is the reason she was angry. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】why 【详解】句意：这就是她生气的原因。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。 6．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）I still remember the day you came to see me.  (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：我仍然记得你来看我的那一天。先行词是the day，在定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导定语从句。 7．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）This is the man from I learned a lot in my life. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：这就是我人生中从他身上学到很多东西的那个人。man后为限制性定语从句，先行词是the man，指人，关系词在介词from之后作宾语，用whom。 8．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）We don’t know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：我们不知道在这场灾难中失去家园的人数。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。 9．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）He is the only person can help you out of trouble. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他是唯一能帮你摆脱困境的人。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词person前有the only修饰，在从句中作主语，只能用关系代词that引导。 10．（26-27高一·全国·暑假作业）Everything he told me is true. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】句意：他告诉我的一切都是真的。本句是定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，指物，且在从句中作动词told的宾语。英语语法规则规定，当先行词是everything这类不定代词时，定语从句的关系代词要用that，不用which，因此填that。 一、语法填空 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Passage 01 （2026·湖南·模拟预测）Every morning, 1 firm determination and hope for a bright future, 20-year-old Bakhtiar Aryubzi walks into the Chinese-language classroom at Nangarhar University in eastern Afghanistan. For him and a growing number of young Afghans, mastering Chinese is more than a practical skill; it is a pathway 2 (connect) cultures, foster understanding, and open doors between Afghanistan and 3 (neighbor) China. The interest in learning Chinese is surging not only in the capital but also day by day across the east of 4 country. Although job opportunities and scholarships draw many students, the deeper 5 (motivate) for many lies in cultural exchange, and the chance to share Afghan heritage while they are embracing Chinese traditions, history, and values. Abdul Kabir Halimi, 6 journeyed hundreds of kilometers from the remote and mountainous province of Nuristan to Nangarhar University, is now at his HSK 4 level and already speaks Chinese 7 (fluent). “I am interested in learning Chinese. Our province is remote, and there are no educational opportunities, so I came here,” he said. He is witnessing the rewards of his year-long efforts and envisions even greater possibilities ahead. Under the framework of Afghanistan’s Confucius Institute, a Chinese language course 8 (establish) at Nangarhar University in 2018. Since then, it has provided opportunities for more than 130 Afghan youths to learn Chinese. Through language, students like Aryubzi and Halimi see 9 (they) not only gaining economic opportunities but actively contributing to mutual understanding, translating texts, sharing traditions, 10 building lasting people-to-people connections between Afghanistan and China. 【答案】 1．with 2．to connect 3．neighboring 4．the 5．motivation 6．who 7．fluently 8．was established 9．themselves 10．and 【导语】文章介绍了越来越多的阿富汗年轻人积极学习中文，将其视为连接文化、促进理解、获得就业与深造机会的重要桥梁。 【详解】 1．考查介词。句意：每天早晨，怀着坚定决心和对光明未来的希望，20岁的Bakhtiar Aryubzi走进阿富汗东部楠格哈尔大学的中文教室。结合空后的名词短语“firm determination and hope”可知，此处表示“怀着坚定的决心和希望”，应用介词with引出伴随的状态或方式。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：对他和越来越多的阿富汗年轻人来说，掌握中文不仅是一项实用技能，更是连接文化、促进理解、打开阿富汗与邻国中国之间交流大门的途径。结合后面的“foster”和“open”为动词原形可知，此处应用connect“连接”的不定式作后置定语，说明pathway“途径，路径”的功能。 3．考查形容词。句意：对他和越来越多的阿富汗年轻人来说，掌握中文不仅是一项实用技能，更是连接文化、促进理解、打开阿富汗与邻国中国之间交流大门的途径。空处作修饰China的定语，形容词neighboring符合题意，意为“邻近的”。 4．考查冠词。句意：学习中文的热潮不仅在首都日益高涨，在阿富汗东部地区也日渐兴起。此处的国家特指上文提到的阿富汗，country前应用定冠词the。 5．考查名词。句意：尽管工作机会和奖学金吸引了许多学生，但对许多人而言，更深层的动机在于文化交流，以及在拥抱中国传统、历史和价值观的同时分享阿富汗文化遗产的机会。空处作主语，被deeper修饰，名词motivation符合题意，意为“动机”，是不可数名词。 6．考查定语从句。句意：从偏远山区努里斯坦省跋涉数百公里来到楠格哈尔大学的Abdul Kabir Halimi，现已通过HSK 4级考试，并能流利地说中文。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Abdul Kabir Halimi作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who作引导词。 7．考查副词。句意：从偏远山区努里斯坦省跋涉数百公里来到楠格哈尔大学的Abdul Kabir Halimi，现已通过HSK 4级考试，并能流利地说中文。空处修饰动词speaks，结合“is now at his HSK 4 level”可知，副词fluently符合题意，意为“流利地”。 8．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在阿富汗孔子学院的框架下，楠格哈尔大学于2018年设立了中文课程。空处作句子的谓语，结合“in 2018”可知，时态应用一般过去时，establish“设立，创建”和主语a Chinese language course之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用was。 9．考查代词。句意：通过语言，像Aryubzi和Halimi这样的学生看到，他们不仅获得了经济机遇，更积极促进相互理解——翻译文本、分享传统，并建立中阿之间持久的人文联系。此处see这一动作的实施者和承受者相同，空处应用they的反身代词形式themselves，意为“他们自己”。 10．考查连词。句意：通过语言，像Aryubzi和Halimi这样的学生看到，他们不仅获得了经济机遇，更积极促进相互理解——翻译文本、分享传统，并建立中阿之间持久的人文联系。空后的building与前面的contributing、translating以及sharing构成并列关系，最后一项前需用并列连词and连接。 二、完形填空 （25-26高二下·浙江·期中）Just 2 months into my Ph. D．, I was about to quit. I came to the new city with a 1 : to become a scientist. The instruments in the lab were new to me. On my first day, my teacher tasked me to set up a reaction. I pretended to know, then 2 a corner and watched a senior student until my shaky hands could 3 her movements. Most of all, I struggled with the 4 barrier. At lab meetings, the conversation 5 so fast that by the time I understood a question, another discussion had already moved on. But during my struggles, a 6 classmate said something that would 7 my attitude to science. After one presentation left me 8 , I considered quitting science. At that time, he pulled me aside. “You are not here because of your English,” he 9 me, “You are here because you could think.” His words gave me the 10 to continue. I started to carry a tape recorder every day, replaying presentations late at night to fill in the 11 . My English progress was slow but steady. By the time I 12 my Ph. D．, I could express my ideas 13 . I came to see my language not as a 14 , but as my identity. His words were also a simple 15 that turned my fear into courage and my struggle into success. 1．A．concern B．belief C．doubt D．sense 2．A．pulled into B．fell into C．slipped into D．wandered into 3．A．create B．control C．replace D．copy 4．A．language B．skill C．mind D．task 5．A．progressed B．dragged C．started D．faded 6．A．humorous B．modest C．daring D．caring 7．A．follow B．shape C．simplify D．support 8．A．moved B．alarmed C．embarrassed D．delighted 9．A．showed B．answered C．reminded D．warned 10．A．curiosity B．chance C．faith D．courage 11．A．letters B．gaps C．forms D．applications 12．A．secured B．pursued C．rejected D．demanded 13．A．briefly B．quickly C．clearly D．privately 14．A．mistake B．failure C．burden D．barrier 15．A．experience B．message C．record D．method 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．D 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．D 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．D 15．B 【导语】本文讲述作者攻读博士初期屡屡受挫、萌生退意，一位体贴的同学出言开导，让作者重拾勇气、攻克语言难关，最终顺利完成博士学业、完成心态成长的故事。 1．考查名词。句意：我带着成为科学家的信念来到这个新城市。A. concern担忧；B. belief信念；C. doubt怀疑；D. sense感觉。根据后文“to become a scientist”以及下文作者努力克服困难坚持科研可知，作者带着成为科学家的信念来到新城市，a belief表示“一种信念”，符合语境。 2．考查动词短语。句意：我假装知道，然后溜到一个角落，看着一个高年级学生，直到我颤抖的双手能够模仿她的动作。A. pulled into拉进；B. fell into掉进；C. slipped into溜进；D. wandered into走进。根据前文“I pretended to know”以及后文“a corner”可知，作者假装知道怎么做，然后悄悄溜到角落看高年级学生操作，slip into a corner表示“溜进角落。 3．考查动词。句意：我假装知道，然后溜到一个角落，看着一个高年级学生，直到我颤抖的双手能够模仿她的动作。A. create创造；B. control控制；C. replace代替；D. copy模仿。根据前文“watched a senior student”以及后文“her movements”可知，作者看高年级学生是为了模仿她的动作。 4．考查名词。句意：最重要的是，我努力克服语言障碍。A. language语言；B. skill技能；C. mind思想；D. task任务。根据下文“At lab meetings, the conversation ____ so fast that by the time I understood a question, another discussion had already moved on.”以及后文多次提到作者英语方面的问题可知，作者面临的是语言障碍。 5．考查动词。句意：在实验室会议上，对话进展得如此之快，以至于等我理解了一个问题，另一个讨论已经继续下去了。A. progressed进展；B. dragged拖；C. started开始；D. faded褪色。根据后文“so fast that by the time I understood a question, another discussion had already moved on”可知，对话进展得快。 6．考查形容词。句意：但在我挣扎的时候，一位体贴的同学说了一些话，这将塑造我对科学的态度。A. humorous幽默的；B. modest谦虚的；C. daring大胆的；D. caring体贴的。根据后文“At that time, he pulled me aside.”以及他说的话鼓励了作者可知，这位同学是体贴的。 7．考查动词。句意：但在我挣扎的时候，一位体贴的同学说了一些话，这将塑造我对科学的态度。A. follow跟随；B. shape塑造；C. simplify简化；D. support支持。根据后文“I started to carry a tape recorder every day, replaying presentations late at night”以及作者最终获得博士学位可知，同学的话塑造了作者对科学的态度。 8．考查形容词。句意：在一次让我尴尬的展示之后，我考虑放弃科学。A. moved感动的；B. alarmed惊慌的；C. embarrassed尴尬的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“I considered quitting science”可知，展示让作者尴尬所以想放弃。 9．考查动词。句意：“你来这里不是因为你的英语，”他提醒我，“你来这里是因为你能思考。”A. showed展示；B. answered回答；C. reminded提醒；D. warned警告。根据前文“At that time, he pulled me aside.”以及他说的话可知，同学是在提醒作者。 10．考查名词。句意：他的话给了我继续下去的勇气。A. curiosity好奇心；B. chance机会；C. faith信念；D. courage勇气。根据后文“to continue”以及作者最终坚持下来获得博士学位可知，同学的话给了作者勇气。 11．考查名词。句意：我开始每天带着一台录音机，深夜重放展示内容以填补空白。A. letters信件；B. gaps空白；C. forms形式；D. applications应用。根据前文作者有语言障碍以及“replaying presentations late at night”可知，重放展示内容是为了填补自己没听懂的部分，即空白。 12．考查动词。句意：到我获得博士学位时，我已经能够清楚地表达自己的想法。A. secured获得；B. pursued追求；C. rejected拒绝；D. demanded要求。根据后文“my Ph. D.”可知，是获得博士学位。 13．考查副词。句意：到我获得博士学位时，我已经能够清楚地表达自己的想法。A. briefly简要地；B. quickly快速地；C. clearly清楚地；D. privately私下地。根据前文作者努力克服语言障碍以及“My English progress was slow but steady.”可知，作者最终能够清楚地表达想法。 14．考查名词。句意：我开始不再把我的语言看作是一种障碍，而是看作我的身份。A. mistake错误；B. failure失败；C. burden负担；D. barrier障碍。根据前文“I struggled with the ____ barrier”原词复现可知，语言曾是困扰作者的最大障碍。 15．考查名词。句意：他的话也是一个简单的信息，将我的恐惧转化为勇气，将我的挣扎转化为成功。A. experience经历；B. message信息；C. record记录；D. method方法。根据前文同学说的话以及后文“that turned my fear into courage and my struggle into success”可知，同学的话是一个简单的信息。 四、阅读理解七选五 （25-26高一下·湖北武汉·期末）How to Become Confident For most of us, self-confidence isn’t just something that falls out of the sky. 1 46 Fortunately, by following specific habits and practicing certain beliefs, you can improve your self-esteem and go through life with higher self-confidence. ● 2 Truly confident people never pretend to be the wisest person around them. Instead of showing off their knowledge to impress others, they keep curious, ask questions actively and keep learning all the time. This humble attitude makes them more popular and helps them become wiser in the process of communication and study. ●Make more eye contact A scientific study has proved the close link between self-confidence and eye contact. People with low self-esteem often avoid continuous eye contact during communication. 3 Proper eye contact shows one’s sincerity and concentration, creates effective emotional communication, and greatly strengthens interpersonal trust between people. ●Practice open body language Body language is a direct and obvious reflection of one’s inner confidence. Confident people always keep open and relaxed body gestures, while insecure people tend to make themselves look small and reserved. Body language and confidence influence each other mutually. Simple practice of open gestures can greatly help people rebuild inner confidence gradually. 4 ●Don’t care much about other people’s opinions 5 It is from being afraid of others’ thought. We care too much about other people’s opinions. Highly confident people, on the other hand, don’t care much about the opinions of others. They aren’t bothered with trying to impress others. They don’t care much if someone thinks what they wear, say, or do is stupid. A．Try to bravely bring out the best in you. B．Stop forcing yourself to be perfectly right. C．Lack of confidence influences many aspects of our daily life. D．But improper behaviors will slowly damage your confidence. E．Instead, confident people usually keep looking at you while talking. F．Low confidence is not mainly because we think poorly of ourselves. G．However, active communication is the key to building personal confidence. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．E 4．D 5．F 【导语】文章主要介绍了提升自信的四种实用方法，分别是保持谦逊好学、多进行眼神交流、练习开放肢体语言、不过分在意他人评价。 【详解】 1．由上文“For most of us, self-confidence isn’t just something that falls out of the sky.(对我们大多数人来说，自信不会凭空而来)”以及下文“Fortunately, by following specific habits and practicing certain beliefs, you can improve your self-esteem and go through life with higher self-confidence.(幸运的是，通过养成特定习惯、践行特定信念，你就能提升自尊，以更强的自信度过人生)”可知，空格承接上文自信难以凭空获得，引出后文提高自信的办法。C选项“Lack of confidence influences many aspects of our daily life.(缺乏自信会影响我们日常生活的方方面面)”能承上启下，符合题意，该选项中“Lack of confidence”与上文“self-confidence”、与下文“higher self-confidence”相呼应，“many aspects of our daily life”与下文“go through life”相呼应，逻辑通顺。 2．由下文“Truly confident people never pretend to be the wisest person around them. Instead of showing off their knowledge to impress others, they keep curious, ask questions actively and keep learning all the time.(真正自信的人从不会装作身边最博学的人。他们不会卖弄学识来博取他人好感，而是始终保有好奇心、主动发问，坚持不断学习)”可知，本段讲述的是真正自信的人从不炫耀，始终保持谦逊、求知、持续学习。B选项“Stop forcing yourself to be perfectly right.(不要强求自己事事完美正确)”能概括本段谦逊不自满的主旨，作为本段小标题贴合段落内容；该选项中“Stop forcing yourself to be perfectly right”与下文“never pretend to be the wisest person”、“keep curious”、“ask questions”、“keep learning”形成呼应。 3．由上文“People with low self-esteem often avoid continuous eye contact during communication.(自卑的人交流时常回避持续的眼神接触)”以及下文“Proper eye contact shows one’s sincerity and concentration, creates effective emotional communication, and greatly strengthens interpersonal trust between people.(恰当的眼神交流能够展现一个人的真诚与专注，促成高效的情感沟通，还能极大增进人与人之间的信任)”可知，空格对比自卑人群，讲述自信者的眼神习惯。E选项“Instead, confident people usually keep looking at you while talking.(相反，自信的人交谈时通常会直视对方。)”中Instead形成正反对比，“keep looking at you”与上下文“eye contact”精准呼应，能承上启下，符合题意。 4．由上文“Simple practice of open gestures can greatly help people rebuild inner confidence gradually.(练习舒展的肢体动作能逐步重塑内心自信)”可知，前文讲舒展肢体语言的好处。D选项“But improper behaviors will slowly damage your confidence.(但不当行为会慢慢损害你的自信)”转折说明不当肢体动作的负面影响，能承接上文，符合题意，该选项中“improper behaviors”与上文“open gestures”形成正反对照。 5．由下文“It is from being afraid of others’ thought. We care too much about other people’s opinions.(根源是害怕他人的看法，我们过度在意别人评价)”可知，后文解释不自信的真正成因，空格提出观点：自卑的主要原因并非自我否定。F选项“Low confidence is not mainly because we think poorly of ourselves.(缺乏自信，主要并非因为自我否定)”能引出下文解释原因的内容，符合题意，该选项中“Low confidence”与下文“care too much about other people’s opinions”构成逻辑呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $