内容正文:
Unit 3 Arts enrich our life(复习讲义)
复习要点
1.话题 (Topic):Art。围绕戏剧 play、calligraphy、paintings、movies 等艺术形式,了解中外 artists 与 artworks,理解 art carries feelings 与 cultural inheritance。
2.功能表达 (Functions):谈论 art forms;表达 personal preferences;introduce artists and works;retell plots;make suggestions 用 could。
3.语法 (Grammar)
现在完成时被动语态:have/has been done
限制性定语从句(that /which 引导)
读懂并分析复合句,区分不同句式结构。
4.阅读技能 (Reading skills):掌握 dialogue、biography、play script 等多文体阅读;抓取 facts、background、opinions;梳理文本逻辑。
5.输出能力 (Production):口头简单 introduce art works;书面描述 art forms,write personal opinions about art。
6.文化意识 (Culture):对比 Chinese & western art;体会 traditional art 的 value,理解 art represents culture。
复习重难点
重点 (Key points)
1.读懂不同体裁 art 主题语篇,获取信息,把握 opinions & attitudes。
2.have/has been done 结构识别与运用;识别 that/which 引导的 attributive clauses,拆解长句。
3.使用目标语言 talk about art hobbies,give brief introductions to artists。
难点 (Difficult points)
1.辨析have/has been done与一般时态被动语态,在写作语境正确选用。
2.分析长难复合句,理清 attributive clause 的修饰对象。
3.读 play script 与 biography,挖掘文本隐含 emotion 和 cultural meaning。
4.书面表达:结合 cultural background,连贯表达对 art 的 personal views。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:His plays have been translated into many languages around the world.他的戏剧已经被翻译成世界上许多种语言。(教材P34)
①现在完成时被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。
主动:People have translated his plays.
被动:His plays have been translated… 强调 “剧本被翻译”,主语是动作承受者。
②translate…into… 固定搭配:把…… 翻译成……。
③around the world = all over the world 全世界。
【即时小练】
Many ancient Chinese works ____ into different foreign languages so far.
A. translated B. were translated C. have been translated D. are translating
【答案】:C
【解析】:翻译:到目前为止,许多中国古代作品已经被翻译成不同的外语。
so far(到目前为止)是现在完成时标志;主语 works 和 translate 是被动关系,故用现在完成时被动have been translated。A 主动过去式;B 一般过去时被动;D 现在进行时主动,均错误。
知识点2:There are so many different forms of art, such as paintings, literature, music, and calligraphy.有如此多种多样的艺术形式,例如绘画、文学、音乐以及书法。(教材P34)
①there be 句型:某地有……;
be 动词的形式由后面紧跟的名词决定(就近原则)
There is + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词
There are + 可数名词复数
例句:There is a form of traditional art in our school.我们学校有一种传统艺术形式。
There are many different forms of art.有许多不同种类的艺术形式。
特别提醒:就近原则(高频考点):
be 动词看离它最近的那个名词,不看后面全部名词。
There is a painting and two calligraphy works on the wall.墙上有一幅画和两幅书法作品。
解析:离 be 最近a painting单数 → 用 is。
There are two calligraphy works and a painting on the wall.墙上有两幅书法作品和一幅画。
解析:离 be 最近two calligraphy works复数 → 用 are。
②different forms of … …… 的不同形式。
③such as 用来列举部分例子,后面接名词 / 名词短语;区分 for example,后面接完整句子,前后用逗号隔开。
辨析such as & for example
辨析项
such as
for example
含义
例如,比如
例如,举例来说
功能
列举部分同类人 / 事物,不能列举全部
用来举例说明某一个论点、情况,举一个例子
后接内容
接名词 / 名词短语,不接完整句子
接完整句子;不能直接接名词
标点
不用逗号隔开
前后一般加逗号隔开
位置
放在被列举名词之后,不能置于句首
句首、句中、句末都可以
数量
可列举 1 个或多个例子
通常只举1 个例子
示例
Many art forms, such as paintings and calligraphy, are popular.许多艺术形式,例如绘画和书法,都很受欢迎。
Many traditional art forms are beautiful. For example, papercutting is loved by people.许多传统艺术形式很美。例如,剪纸深受人们喜爱。
【即时小练】
Some traditional art forms, ____ paper‑cutting and clay art, are popular in China.
A. for example B. such as C. that is D. so as
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:一些传统艺术形式,例如剪纸和泥塑艺术,在中国很受欢迎。
such as 用于列举名词短语;for example 后面要接句子,且需要逗号隔开;that is 也就是;so as 搭配错误。
知识点3:When I was a kid, I watched my grandpa write Chinese characters.当我还是个孩子的时候,我看爷爷写汉字。(教材P36)
when 引导时间状语从句,主从句时态:一般过去时,描述过去经历。
watch sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(全过程、经常性动作);对比 watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(正在发生)。
拓展延申
结构
含义
用法要点
例句+翻译
watch sb. do sth.
看见某人做了 / 经常做某事(看到全过程、经常性动作)
宾补用动词原形;强调动作发生的整个过程或习惯性行为
I watched grandpa write Chinese characters.我看爷爷写汉字。(看完整过程 / 经常看)
watch sb. doing sth.
看见某人正在做某事
宾补用doing 现在分词;强调动作此时此刻正在进行
I watched grandpa writing Chinese characters when I came in.我进来的时候,看见爷爷正在写汉字。
watch sth.
观看……(电视、比赛、戏剧等)
watch 及物动词,后接名词作宾语;侧重动态画面
We will watch Teahouse in the tea house.我们要去茶馆看《茶馆》。
【即时小练】
I often watched my grandma ____ paper‑cutting when I was young.
A. do B. doing C. does D. did
【答案】:A
【解析】:翻译:小时候,我经常看奶奶做剪纸。
often 表示经常性动作,watch sb. do sth. 表示看见某人做某事(全过程 / 经常),用动词原形。
知识点4:He directed me to take a brush and immerse it with enough ink.他指导我拿起毛笔,蘸上足量墨水。(教材P36)
direct sb. to do sth. 指导 / 指示某人做某事;to do 作宾语补足语。
and 连接并列不定式:to take and (to) immerse,第二个 to 可以省略。
【即时小练】
The teacher directed us ____ more about traditional Chinese art.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:老师指导我们更多地去了解中国传统艺术。
固定搭配 direct sb. to do sth.“指导某人做某事”,不定式 to do 作宾补。
知识点5:It lies in its balance, harmony, and rhythm.它(书法之美)在于它的平衡、和谐与韵律。(教材P36)
lie in 固定短语:在于(表示原因、本质);注意 lie 不同词义变形:lie‑lay‑lain 躺;lie‑lied‑lied 说谎。
并列名词 balance, harmony, rhythm 作介词 in 的宾语。
特别提醒:lie(躺 / 位于)、lie(说谎)、lay(放置;下蛋) 三个词原形极易混淆,考试常考变形
中文含义
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
短语/例句+翻译
vi. 躺;卧;位于
lie
lay
lain
lying
lie in bed 躺在床上The town lies by the river. 这座小镇坐落在河边。
vi. 说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
lie to sb. 对某人说谎Don’t lie to me. 不要对我撒谎。
vt. 放置;搁;下 (蛋)
lay
laid
laid
laying
lay down the brush 放下毛笔The hen lays eggs. 母鸡下蛋。
记忆口诀:
躺 (lie)‑lay‑lain 不规则;说谎 (lie) 全规则 lied‑lied;
放置 / 下蛋 (lay)‑laid‑laid,有点怪。
拓展延申
lie in 在于(抽象,课文原句)
lie on 位于…… 之上;依靠
lie to sb. 对某人说谎
lay out 摆开;布置
【即时小练】
The magic of this traditional art ____ its special lines and shapes.
A. lies in B. lays in C. lies on D. lays on
【答案】:A
【解析】:翻译:这种传统艺术的魅力在于它独特的线条和形态。
lie in 固定短语 “在于”;lay 是 “放置;下蛋”,语义不符;lie on 位于…… 之上。
知识点6:But like the internet or other similar inventions, movies have had such a big effect on us.但是就像互联网或者其他类似发明一样,电影对我们产生了如此巨大的影响。(教材P38)
have a big effect on… 固定短语:对…… 产生巨大影响。
such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数;区分 so+adj.+a/an + 名词。
辨析项目
such
so
核心结构
such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数such a beautiful painting
so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数so beautiful a painting
修饰对象
修饰名词短语,重心在名词
修饰形容词,重心在形容词
复数名词 / 不可数名词
such + adj. + 复数名词 / 不可数名词such wonderful workssuch fine ink
❗so 不能直接修饰复数 / 不可数名词❌so wonderful works
搭配 many /much/few /little
❌such many
✅so + many/much/few/little + 名词(固定特例)so many art forms 如此多的艺术形式
例句 & 翻译
It is such a great play.翻译:这是一部如此棒的戏剧。
It is so great a play.翻译:这是一部如此棒的戏剧。
句型:如此…… 以至于……
such … that …It was such a moving play that many people cried.翻译:这是一部如此感人的戏剧,很多人都哭了。
so … that …It was so moving a play that many people cried.翻译:这是一部如此感人的戏剧,很多人都哭了。
特别提醒单数可数名词:such a/an +adj.+n. = so +adj.+a/an +n.,二者可以互换。
such an interesting story = so interesting a story 如此有趣的故事
复数、不可数名词,只能用 such,不能用 so
✅such old paintings 如此古老的画作
❌so old paintings
特例:many / much / few / little 前面只用 so,不用 such
✅so little time 如此少的时间
✅so few artists 如此少的艺术家
❌such little time
注意 little 两层含义:
little “少的”→ so little + 名词
little “小的”→ such little + 名词
such little children 这么小的孩子
【即时小练】
Films have ____ great effect ____ people’s daily life.
A. so; in B. such a; on C. such; to D. so a; for
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:电影对人们的日常生活有着巨大的影响。
固定搭配 have an effect on sb./sth. 对…… 有影响;such a +adj.+ 可数名词单数
知识点7:Besides actors, actresses, or directors, thousands of people can be involved in making a movie.除了男演员、女演员以及导演之外,成千上万的人可以参与电影制作。(教材P38)
①besides 介词:除…… 之外(包含后面提到对象);区分 except(除…… 之外,不包含)。
辨析项
besides
except
中文含义
除…… 之外(包含在内,累加)
除…… 之外(排除在外,减去)
逻辑关系
把 besides 后面人 / 物算进去,“除了… 还有”
把 except 后面人 / 物排除掉,“除去… 之外”
后接成分
名词 / 代词 / 动名词
名词 / 代词 / 介词短语
位置
句首、句中
多放在句中;可放句末
本单元例句
Besides actors, thousands of people take part in making movies.除了演员之外,还有成千上万的人参与电影制作。(演员也包含在内)
All artists went to the show except him.除了他以外,所有艺术家都去看展览了。(他没去,不包含)
简单判断小技巧
加上 besides 后面的对象,总数变多
去掉 except 后面的对象,剩下才是主语范围
②be involved in:参与;卷入。
③thousands of 成千上万,模糊数量;thousand 前面有具体数字不加 s。
【即时小练】
____ the main actors, lots of workers are involved ____ making a movie.
A. Except; in B. Besides; in C. Except; for D. Besides; for
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:除了主演之外,大量工作人员参与电影制作。
besides“除…… 之外(包含在内)”;be involved in 固定搭配 “参与”。except 表示排除,不符合本句逻辑。
知识点8:I prefer science fiction. I learn a lot of interesting things from science fiction movies.我更喜欢科幻片。我从科幻电影中学到很多有趣的东西。(教材P38)
prefer 动词:更喜欢;过去式 / 过去分词:preferred,现在分词:preferring(双写 r)learn … from… 从…… 学到……。
结构
含义
例句+翻译
prefer A to B
比起 B,更喜欢 A(A、B 为名词 / 代词)
I prefer cartoons to war movies.翻译:比起战争片,我更喜欢卡通片。
prefer doing A to doing B
比起做 B 这件事,更喜欢做 A
to 是介词,后面接 doing
He prefers reading to watching movies.翻译:比起看电影,他更喜欢阅读。
prefer to do sth.
宁愿 / 更喜欢做某事(一次性、具体行为)
I prefer to watch the play this evening.翻译:今晚我更想去看这部戏剧。
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿做…… 而不愿做……rather than 后接动词原形
She prefers to enjoy calligraphy rather than watch TV.翻译:她宁愿欣赏书法也不愿看电视。
prefer sb. to do sth.
宁愿某人做某事
I prefer you to come to the art show.翻译:我希望你来参加艺术展。
特别提醒
prefer A to B 和 prefer doing A to doing B 中 to 是介词,后面接名词或者 doing,不能接动词原形。
❌prefer read to write
✅prefer reading to writing
prefer to do … rather than do …:rather than 后面用动词原形,不要 to。
❌prefer to do rather than to do
✅prefer to do rather than do
没有 prefer … than … 搭配!❌prefer cartoons than movies
【即时小练】
My sister prefers cartoons ____ war movies.
A. than B. to C. for D. with
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:比起战争片,我妹妹更喜欢卡通片。
固定搭配 prefer A to B,“比起 B 更喜欢 A”。
知识点9:In traditional Chinese art, painting is not only about painting itself, but also a way for the artist to express their emotions and thoughts.在中国传统艺术中,绘画不仅仅关乎绘画本身,也是艺术家表达情感与思想的一种方式。(教材P40)
not only…but (also)… 不但…… 而且……,并列结构,连接两个表语。
a way for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的一种方式,不定式作后置定语。
itself 反身代词,作同位语,强调 “绘画本身”。
【即时小练】
Art is ____ for fun, ____ a way to show people’s feelings.
A. not only; but also B. neither; or C. either; but D. both; or
【答案】:A
【解析】:翻译:艺术不仅是为了娱乐,也是表达人们情感的一种方式。
not only…but also… “不但…… 而且……”,固定并列结构。
知识点10:Among his works, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is the most well‑known.
在他的作品当中,《富春山居图》是最为出名的。(教材P40)
①among 在…… 之中(三者及以上);区分 between 两者之间。
辨析项目
between
among
含义
在…… 两者之间
在…… 三者或三者以上之中
数量范围
两者之间
三者及以上
位置关系
可以指空间位置;也可指两者之间的关系、对比
多用来指在一群人 / 事物内部当中
后接名词
常接两个名词;复数名词(强调个体两两之间)
接复数名词 / 集合名词(一群,整体)
本单元例句
There is a difference between the two art forms.这两种艺术形式之间存在区别。
Among his works, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is the most wellknown.在他所有作品当中,《富春山居图》是最出名的。
特殊考点
between 后接三个及以上复数名词时,侧重每两者之间
不能用于两者;among 一般不用于明确两两
②the most well‑known 多音节形容词最高级:the most + adj.。
【即时小练】
___ all these paintings, this one is ____ most famous.
A. Between; the B. Among; the C. Between; / D. Among; /
【答案】B
【解析】:翻译:在所有这些绘画作品之中,这一幅是最有名的。
among 用于三者及以上 “在…… 之中”;形容词最高级前面要加定冠词 the。
知识点11:Huang Gongwang’s contributions to Chinese art and culture are significant.
黄公望对中国艺术和文化的贡献意义重大。(教材P40)
contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献;促成作用;投稿;复数:contributions
contribution to sth. 对…… 的贡献,to 为介词,后面接名词。
拓展延申
常用结构
含义
例句 + 翻译
make a contribution to sth.
make contributions to sth.
对…… 做出贡献to 是介词!后面接名词 / 代词 /doing,不能接动词原形
The artist made great contributions to Chinese painting.这位艺术家为中国画做出了巨大贡献。
contribution to sth.
…… 对…… 的贡献;促成因素
Huang Gongwang’s contributions to art and culture are significant.黄公望对艺术与文化的贡献意义重大。
contribution towards sth.
对某事的捐助、出力(多用于金钱、物资)
We made a contribution towards the art project.我们为这个艺术项目出了一份力。
significant 形容词,重要的,意义重大的。
【即时小练】
The artist made great contributions ____ Chinese painting.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:这位艺术家为中国画做出了巨大贡献。
固定搭配 make contributions to sth.“对…… 做出贡献”,to 是介词。
知识点12:I asked for nothing and let it go.我什么都没有索要,就放它离开了。(教材P42)
①ask for sth. 索要,请求得到某物;区分 ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物。
拓展延申
常用结构
含义
例句+翻译
ask sb. sth.
问某人某事(双宾语)
He asked me a question about calligraphy.他问了我一个关于书法的问题。
ask sb. about sth.
向某人询问关于某事
I asked grandpa about the traditional art.我向爷爷询问关于这项传统艺术的事。
ask for sth.
索要;请求得到某物
The fisherman asked for a new house.渔夫索要一栋新房子。
ask sb. for sth.
向某人索要某物
She asked her teacher for more books.她向老师索要更多书籍。
ask (sb.) to do sth.
要求 / 请求(某人)做某事
He asked me to enjoy the painting with him.他邀请我和他一起欣赏这幅画。
ask sb. not to do sth.
要求某人不要做某事
Mom asked me not to draw on the wall.妈妈要求我不要在墙上画画。
ask + 宾语从句
询问……
He asked what the art form was.他询问这是什么艺术形式。
②let sb./sth. do sth. 让…… 做某事,let 后接不带 to 不定式。
【即时小练】
The little boy asked ____ nothing and let the bird ____ away.
A. for; fly B. /; to fly C. to; fly D. for; to fly
【答案】:A
【解析】:翻译:小男孩什么都没要,就放走了小鸟。
ask for nothing 什么都不要;let sth. do,let 后接动词原形 fly。
知识点13:Why didn’t you ask for a new house?你为什么不索要一栋新房子呢?(教材P42)
Why didn’t you do…? 句式:你为什么不做……?可用于提出责备,也可用于提建议。
ask for + 名词,请求得到某物。
【即时小练】
— ____ ask for a better chance?
— I didn’t think it was possible.
A. Why not you B. Why didn’t you C. Why you not D. Why didn’t
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:—— 你为什么不去争取一个更好的机会?—— 我当时认为那不可能。
Why didn’t you do sth. 你为什么不做某事;Why not + 动词原形(无主语 you),所以 A 结构错误。
知识点14:Qi Baishi is one of China’s most celebrated painters.齐白石是中国最负盛名的画家之一。(教材P44)
①one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数:最…… 之一;谓语动词用单数。
项目
说明
例句 + 翻译
结构公式
one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数
Qi Baishi is one of the most celebrated painters.翻译:齐白石是最负盛名的画家之一。
名词要求
必须用复数名词,表示群体当中的一员
one of the greatest artists
冠词要求
最高级前面the 不能省略
one of the most famous works
谓语动词(核心考点)
主语是one,所以谓语动词用单数
One of the paintings is by Huang Gongwang.其中一幅画出自黄公望之手。
定语从句考点
先行词是:one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词定语从句修饰后面的复数名词,从句谓语用复数
He is one of the artists who are good at calligraphy.他是擅长书法的艺术家之一。
特殊:the only one of …
先行词:the only one of + 最高级 + 复数名词从句修饰 the only one,从句谓语用单数
He is the only one of the artists who is good at calligraphy.他是这些艺术家中唯一一个擅长书法的。
②celebrated 形容词,著名的,闻名的。
【即时小练】
Huang Gongwang is one of ____ greatest Chinese ____.
A. the; painter B. /; painters C. the; painters D. /; painter
【答案】:C
【解析】:翻译:黄公望是中国最伟大的画家之一。
one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数,最高级前必须加 the,名词要用复数 painters。
知识点15:It doesn’t matter if you paint, draw, sculpt, or write.无论你是绘画、素描、雕塑还是写作,都没关系。(教材P44)
It doesn’t matter if… …… 是没关系的;it 作形式主语,if 引导真正主语从句。
项目
解析
例句 & 翻译
句型公式
It doesn’t matter if + 陈述句语序从句
It doesn’t matter if you like modern art or traditional art.你喜欢现代艺术还是传统艺术都没关系。
if 含义
此处 if = whether,意为 “是否”,不是 “如果”
It doesn’t matter if he comes to the art show.他来不来艺术展都无所谓。
否定变化
It doesn’t matter if…(否定在主句,not 放在 matter 前)
It doesn’t matter if you don’t come.你不来也没关系。
拓展同义句型
It doesn’t matter whether … (or …)whether 可以接 or;if 引导主语从句放在句首不可以,用 it 形式主语时 if/whether 大多互换
It doesn’t matter whether you agree or not.翻译:你同不同意都没关系。
②or 用于否定、疑问句中并列列举。
【即时小练】
____ doesn’t matter ____ you like painting or music. Art is for everyone.
A. It; if B. That; whether C. This; if D. It; what
【答案】:A
【解析】:翻译:无论你喜欢绘画还是音乐都没关系,艺术属于每一个人。
It doesn’t matter if… 固定句型,it 作形式主语,if 引导主语从句。
单元语法:被动语态
一、基本概念
主动语态:主语是动作的发出者(执行者)
Many artists create great works.许多艺术家创作伟大的作品。(artists 发出 create 动作)
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,即主语 “被……”。
Great works are created by many artists.伟大的作品被许多艺术家创作出来。(works 承受 create 动作)
被动语态结构通用公式:
be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done)
be 动词体现时态、人称、数;过去分词永远不变。
特别提醒
不及物动词(happen, appear, take place, rise 等)没有被动语态。
二、初中必考 8 种时态被动语态表格
时态
主动结构
被动结构
例句 & 翻译
一般现在时
do / does
am / is / are + done
Many plays are translated into other languages.翻译:许多戏剧被翻译成其他语言。
一般过去时
did
was / were + done
This painting was finished in 1350.翻译:这幅画作于 1350 年完成。
一般将来时
will do / be going to do
will be + donebe going to be + done
The art show will be held next month.翻译:这场艺术展将于下个月举办。
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being + done
The old house is being protected now.翻译:这座老房子正在被保护。
过去进行时
was/were doing
was/were being + done
The play was being shown at 8 o’clock yesterday.翻译:昨天八点这部戏剧正在上演。
现在完成时(本单元重点)
have/has done
have / has been + done
His plays have been translated into many languages.翻译:他的戏剧已经被翻译成多国语言。
过去完成时
had done
had been + done
All the tickets had been sold out before we arrived.翻译:我们到达之前票已经卖光。
情态动词
情态动词 + do
情态动词 + be + done
Traditional culture should be respected.翻译:传统文化应当被尊重。
三、被动语态句式变换(以一般现在时为例)
主动:People love paper‑cutting. 人们喜爱剪纸。
被动:Paper‑cutting is loved by people. 剪纸被人们喜爱。
否定句:be + not + done:Paper‑cutting is not loved by few people. 剪纸不被少数人喜爱。
一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + done …?
—Is paper‑cutting loved by people?
—Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
剪纸被人们喜爱吗?是的。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + be + 主语 + done …?
Where is the old painting kept?这幅古画被保存在哪里?
四、by 的用法
by +动作执行者,表示 “被……”
当执行者不重要、不知道是谁时,by 短语可以省略(考试高频)
Many ancient works were kept.(省略 by people)
The famous artist is remembered not just for his works…(课文句子,无 by)
这位著名艺术家不仅仅因为他的作品被铭记。
五、特殊考点(初中重难点)
1. 感官动词 & 使役动词被动还原 to
感官动词:see, watch, hear, notice
使役动词:make
主动:watch sb. do sth.(不带 to)
被动:sb. be watched to do sth.(被动必须还原 to!)
主动:We watched him act. 我们看他表演。
被动:He was watched to act. 有人看见他表演。
make:
主动:make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
被动:sb. be made to do sth.
2. 无被动语态动词(必背)
不及物动词没有被动:
happen(发生)、take place(发生)、appear、disappear、rise、come out
❌The accident was happened.
✅The accident happened. 事故发生了。
3. 主动形式表达被动含义
sell well 卖得好;wash well 好洗;read well 读起来不错
This book sells well. 这本书很畅销。(不用 is sold well)
4. 双宾语变被动
主动:give sb. sth.
两种被动:
① sb. be given sth.
② sth. be given to sb.
He gave me a brush.
→ I was given a brush.
→ A brush was given to me.
特别提醒
六、做题步骤(做被动语态题四步法)
判断主语和动词:主语是动作承受者 → 用被动;主语是执行者 → 主动。
判断时间标志,确定时态。
写出对应被动结构 be + done。
注意 be 动词人称、单复数;感官动词被动还原 to;不及物动词无被动。
【即时小练】
1. Many ancient Chinese art works ____ into many foreign languages so far.1.
A. translated
B. were translated
C. have been translated
D. are translating
【答案】:C
【解析】:翻译:到目前为止,许多中国古代艺术作品已经被翻译成多种外语。
so far 到目前为止,现在完成时标志;主语 works 和 translate 是被动关系,用现在完成时被动have been translated;A 主动过去式;B 一般过去被动;D 现在进行主动。
2.Traditional art forms ____ by more young people.
A. should respect
B. should be respected
C. must respect
D. are respecting
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:传统艺术形式应当被更多年轻人尊重。
主语 art forms 承受 respect 动作,情态动词被动:情态动词 + be+done。
3. The boy was watched ____ Beijing opera on the stage.
A. perform
B. to perform
C. performing
D. performed
【答案】:B
【解析】:翻译:有人看见这个男孩在舞台上表演京剧。
watch 主动 watch sb. do;被动语态必须还原不定式 to,be watched to do。
(时间:建议30分钟)
1、 单词拼写
1.The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, ________ (build) for the 2008 Olympic Games.
【答案】was built
【详解】句意:北京国家体育场,也被叫作鸟巢,是为2008年奥运会建造的。主语The Beijing National Stadium和动词build是被动关系;时间2008 Olympic Games表示过去,要用一般过去时的被动语态;be动词用was,build的过去分词是built,故填was built。
2.The young ________ (direct) won the Best Screenplay Award at the International Film Festival.
【答案】director
【详解】句意:这位年轻的导演在国际电影节上斩获最佳编剧奖。句中形容词young修饰名词, 谓语是won(赢得),说明主语是人,结合电影节、编剧奖的语境,空格处的含义是“导演”。括号内direct是动词,其表示“导演”的名词形式为director。the表示特指这个导演,用名词单数即可。
3.The differences between Chinese and Western art are ________ (significance).
【答案】significant
【详解】句意:中西方艺术之间的差异是显著的。be动词“are”后接形容词significant“显著的,重要的”作表语,说明主语“The differences between Chinese and Western art”的特点。
4.Taking part in more social activities can ________ (rich) our life experiences.
【答案】enrich
【详解】句意:参加更多的社会活动能够丰富我们的生活阅历。 情态动词can后面需要接动词原形。 rich是形容词,意为 “富有的;丰富的”;它的动词形式是enrich,含义为“使丰富,充实”。
5.Look! This lithe spider can make a web by ________ (it).
【答案】itself
【详解】句意:看!这只灵活的蜘蛛可以自己织网。固定短语by oneself意为“独自;靠自己”;句中指蜘蛛靠自己结网,根据括号内的提示词it,可知此处应填it对应的反身代词itself。
6.Whoever makes mistakes will pay the price and you are no ________ (except) .
【答案】exception
【详解】句意:谁犯错谁就要付出代价,你也不例外。except是介词,意为“除了”,此处需要名词作表语。exception意为“例外”,no exception为固定搭配,意为“也不例外”。
7.He has made an important ________ (contribute) to the company’s success.
【答案】contribution
【详解】句意:他为公司的成功作出了重要贡献。contribute意为“贡献”,是动词;不定冠词“an”后接单数名词contribution,表示“贡献”,固定搭配make a contribution to表示“对……作出贡献”。
8.The ________ (legend) basketball player came and gave us some tips on playing better.
【答案】legendary
【详解】句意:这位传奇的篮球运动员来了,给了我们一些打好球的建议。 空格后面是名词basketball player,需要用形容词修饰名词。 legend名词,传奇;legendary形容词,传奇的。
9.Taste and smell are ________ (close) connected.
【答案】closely
【详解】句意:味觉和嗅觉紧密相关。connected为过去分词作形容词。空格修饰形容词,要用副词。close是形容词,其副词形式为closely,意为“紧密地”。
10.The painting makes people feel ________ (peace).
【答案】peaceful
【详解】句意:这幅画让人感到平静。peace“和平、宁静”,句中感官系动词“feel”后需接形容词作表语,peace的形容词形式是peaceful,意为“平静的;安宁的”。
2、 单项选择
单项选择
1.Nowadays, AI technology ________ to help more people to solve problems.
A.uses B.is used C.is using
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如今,人工智能技术被用来帮助更多人解决问题。
主语AI technology与动词use之间是被动关系,需用被动语态,结构为be+done。Nowadays表示时态为一般现在时,主语是单数,be动词用is。
2.I am really ________ Chinese calligraphy now.
A.into B.onto C.out of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我现在真的对中国书法很感兴趣。
into进入;onto到……上面;out of从……出来。根据“I am really…Chinese calligraphy now.”可知,此处表示对中国书法感兴趣,固定搭配be into意为“对……感兴趣/热衷”。应填into。
3.—Some students _______ some housework at home on weekends by their parents.
—I think it is necessary to do so. It is really a useful living skill for the young.
A.are made do B.are made to do C.make do
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——有些学生周末被父母要求在家里做一些家务。——我认为这样做是必要的。这对年轻人来说真的是一项有用的生活技能。
根据句末“by their parents”可知句子需用被动语态。使役动词make在主动语态中接不带to的不定式(make sb. do sth.),但在被动语态中必须还原to,结构为be made to do sth.。
4.Hangzhou ________ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A.knows B.is known C.was known
【答案】B
【详解】句意:杭州作为“丝绸之城”而闻名。游客们喜欢在那里购买丝绸。
主语“Hangzhou”与动词“know”之间是被动关系,描述客观事实,使用一般现在时的被动语态;be known as是固定搭配,意为“作为……而闻名”。
5.—Many DIY cards ________ to mothers on Mother’s Day every year.
—How creative!
A.is sending B.are sending C.are sent
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——每年母亲节都会给妈妈们寄很多DIY卡片。——真有创意啊!
主语“Many DIY cards”是复数,且与动词“send”之间是被动关系,应用被动语态be done结构;时间状语“every year”表明是一般现在时,be动词用are。因此,应填are sent。
6.Last week, students ________ by the schools not to ride electric bikes without helmets.
A.warned B.are warned C.were warned
【答案】C
【详解】句意:上周,学生们被警告不要骑电动车不戴头盔。
根据时间状语“Last week”可知句子时态为一般过去时;主语students与动词warn之间是被动关系,且有标志词“by”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态were warned。故选C。
7.The 21st Sports Meeting of Fujian Province ________ in Zhangzhou in 2025.
A.holds B.held C.was held
【答案】C
【详解】句意:福建省第二十一届运动会于2025年在漳州举行。
主语“The 21st Sports Meeting”与动词hold之间为被动关系,且时间“in 2025”为过去,应用一般过去时的被动语态,was held符合语境。
8.The great Dujiangyan Irrigation (灌溉) System in China ________ over 2,200 years ago to water farmland without building a dam.
A.built B.was built C.is built
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中国伟大的都江堰灌溉系统工程始建于2200多年前,无需修筑水坝即可灌溉农田。
主语The great Dujiangyan Irrigation System是动作build的承受者,需用被动语态;时间状语over 2,200 years ago表明动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时。was built符合一般过去时被动语态结构。
9.—How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
—Yes. It ________ every day.
A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你的卧室多么干净整洁啊!——是的。它每天都被打扫。
主语It指代卧室,与动词clean之间是被动关系,且时间状语every day表示习惯性动作,故用一般现在时的被动语态is cleaned。
10.—It was reported that the bridge ________ of steel ________ during the heavy rain.
—So it was. We need to rebuild it soon.
A.made; was washed away B.was made; washed away C.was made; was washed away
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——据报道,那座由钢制成的桥在大雨期间被冲走了。——确实如此。我们需要很快重建它。
第一空修饰名词“bridge”,需用过去分词作后置定语,表示“由……制成”;第二空是主语从句的谓语动词,主语“the bridge”和谓语动词“wash away”是被动关系,且动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时的被动语态(was done)。
3、 完成句子
1.艺术的形式多种多样,比如绘画、文学和音乐。
There are so many different forms of art, ________ ________ paintings, literature and music.
【答案】 such as
【详解】原句中 “比如” 是关键词,表示 “比如” 的短语是such as。本句用来列举事物,such as后直接接列举的名词。故填such;as。
2.张艺谋拍了一部叫《第二十条》的新片。我认为它很值得观看。
Zhang Yimou made a new movie named Article 20 and I think it ________ ________ ________ watching.
【答案】 is well worth
【详解】原句关键词是“很值得”,对应搭配be well worth doing sth.,句子主语“it”指代前面提到的电影,是单数,此处描述的是当下的评价,使用一般现在时,be动词用is。
3.突然,我们看到远处的小屋冒出浓烟。
Suddenly, we saw thick smoke rising from a small house ________ ________ ________.
【答案】 in the distance
【详解】原句关键词“远处”对应介词短语in the distance,作定语,修饰“house”。
4.渔夫的妻子,头发花白,正坐在桌旁。
The fisherman’s wife, ________ has grey hair, is sitting at the table.
【答案】who
【详解】句中两个逗号之间的部分是对主语The fisherman’s wife的补充说明,属于非限制性定语从句,先行词The fisherman’s wife是人,从句中缺少主语,指代人且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词who。
5.齐白石是中国最著名的画家之一。
Qi Baishi is one of China’s ________ ________ painters.
【答案】 most celebrated
【详解】“著名的”英文为形容词celebrated;“one of + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数” 结构,意为“最……之一”,所以空格需要填形容词最高级形式,多音节形容词前加 most。故填most;celebrated。
6.电影对我们产生了如此大的影响。
Movies have had ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ us.
【答案】 such a big effect on
【详解】原句中“对……产生了如此大的影响”是关键词,“对……产生影响”常用固定搭配have an effect on ...,“如此大的”修饰名词“影响”,应用such引导的名词短语结构,即“such+a/an+adj.+n.”,“大的”可用形容词big,不定冠词用a。
7.当电影最初被创造出来时,它们是没有颜色的。
When movies were first created, they ________ ________ in colour.
【答案】 were not
【详解】原句中“是没有”是关键词,“它们是没有颜色的”表示否定状态,需用be动词后加not,从句When movies were first created是一般过去时,主句也应用一般过去时,主句主语是they,be动词的过去式应选用were,后接not表否定。
8.渔夫在海岸附近,朝大海望去。
The fisherman is near the coast, ________ out towards the sea.
【答案】looking
【详解】原句中“望”是关键词,“望”即“看”,用动词look;句中已有谓语动词is,且逗号后没有连词,因此空处不能填谓语动词,需用作非谓语,动词look与主语The fisherman之间是主动关系,即渔夫主动发出“望”的动作,表示主动或伴随发生的动作,应用现在分词形式作伴随状语,look的现在分词为looking。
9.这幅画太美了,让人感到平静。
The painting is ________ beautiful ________ it makes people feel peaceful.
【答案】 so that
【详解】原句中“太美了,让人感到平静”是核心逻辑,对应英语中“so...that...”的固定结果状语结构,so后接形容词beautiful,that引导结果状语从句,符合句意和语法搭配要求。
10.想象一下你的艺术作品如何能产生影响。
________ how your artwork could make a difference.
【答案】Imagine
【详解】原句中关键词是“想象”,对应的单词是imagine,本句是祈使句,表示建议,动词用原形。
4、 完形填空
A fisherman caught a magic goldfish. The goldfish said, “Please let me go, and I will 1 you whatever you want.” The fisherman was kind and let it go. When he told his wife, she was very 2 . “Why didn’t you ask for a new house?” she shouted. So the fisherman went back and 3 the goldfish. The goldfish granted his wish. The wife was happy, 4 soon she wanted more. She asked to be a queen, then a ruler of the sea. The goldfish became 5 with her greed and took everything back. In the end, they had 6 but their old hut. The story tells us that 7 leads to loss. We should be 8 with what we have. The fisherman’s wife was never 9 , so she lost everything. If she had been satisfied, they could have had a 10 life.
1.A.give B.buy C.sell D.lend
2.A.happy B.angry C.excited D.calm
3.A.caught B.killed C.called D.forgot
4.A.and B.or C.but D.so
5.A.pleased B.satisfied C.angry D.bored
6.A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing
7.A.kindness B.greed C.courage D.wisdom
8.A.content B.sorry C.tired D.familiar
9.A.generous B.selfish C.satisfied D.polite
10.A.poor B.comfortable C.hard D.lonely
【答案】
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.C 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.C 10.B
【导语】本文讲述了一个渔夫放生金鱼后,妻子因贪婪不断索取,最终失去一切的故事,告诫人们要知足常乐。
【详解】1.句意:请放我走,我会给你任何你想要的东西。
前文提到这是一条有魔法的金鱼,金鱼请求渔夫放了它,承诺会给予渔夫想要的任何东西,give符合语境。buy“买”、sell“卖”、lend“借”都不符合金鱼报恩的逻辑。
2.句意:当他告诉妻子时,她非常生气。
渔夫直接放走了金鱼,没索要任何东西,从后文妻子大喊“你为什么不要一栋新房子?”能看出妻子是很生气的,angry符合语境。happy“开心的”、excited“兴奋的”、calm“冷静的”和她的反应不符。
3.句意:因此渔夫回去呼唤金鱼。
渔夫已经把金鱼放走了,结合后文许愿的情节,他回到海边应该是呼唤金鱼来实现愿望,call符合情节逻辑。caught“抓住”、killed“杀死”、forgot“忘记”不符合放生后许愿的逻辑。
4.句意:妻子很高兴,但很快她想要更多。
前半句说“妻子一开始很开心”,后半句说“很快她想要更多东西”,前后是转折关系,用but(但是)。and表并列、or表选择/否则、so表因果,都不适用。
5.句意:金鱼对她的贪婪变得生气并收回了所有东西。
根据“took everything back”,可知金鱼惩罚了她。根据语境,收回礼物是因为愤怒,angry符合情节逻辑。pleased“高兴的”、satisfied“满意的”、bored“无聊的”与收回礼物的行为不符。
6.句意:最后,他们除了旧小屋外一无所有。
金鱼把所有东西都收回去了,最后他们除了旧小屋什么都没有,nothing but是固定搭配,意为“除了……什么都没有”,应用nothing。其他选项无法构成该固定搭配。
7.句意:故事告诉我们贪婪导致失去。
整个故事的核心就是妻子的贪婪最后让她失去了一切,所以道理是贪婪会导致失去,greed符合语境。kindness“善良”、courage“勇气”、wisdom“智慧”和故事主旨相反。
8.句意:我们应该对拥有的感到满足。
根据“what we have”可知是建议知足,be content with是固定搭配,意为“对……满足”,符合故事传递的价值观。sorry“抱歉”、tired“累的”、familiar“熟悉的”不符合劝诫语境。
9.句意:渔夫的妻子从不满足,所以她失去了一切。
整个故事的核心就是妻子的贪婪最后让她失去了一切,可知原因是她不知足。根据语境,never satisfied对应前文的贪婪。generous“慷慨的”、selfish“自私的”、polite“礼貌的”不是导致失去的直接原因。
10.句意:如果她知足,他们本可以过上舒适的生活。
根据“If she had been satisfied”可知假设结果是好的,根据语境,知足常乐对应美好生活,应用comfortable。poor“贫穷的”、hard“艰难的”、lonely“孤独的”与假设的积极结果不符。
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Unit 3 Arts enrich our life(复习讲义)
复习要点
1.话题 (Topic):Art。围绕戏剧 play、calligraphy、paintings、movies 等艺术形式,了解中外 artists 与 artworks,理解 art carries feelings 与 cultural inheritance。
2.功能表达 (Functions):谈论 art forms;表达 personal preferences;introduce artists and works;retell plots;make suggestions 用 could。
3.语法 (Grammar)
现在完成时被动语态:have/has been done
限制性定语从句(that /which 引导)
读懂并分析复合句,区分不同句式结构。
4.阅读技能 (Reading skills):掌握 dialogue、biography、play script 等多文体阅读;抓取 facts、background、opinions;梳理文本逻辑。
5.输出能力 (Production):口头简单 introduce art works;书面描述 art forms,write personal opinions about art。
6.文化意识 (Culture):对比 Chinese & western art;体会 traditional art 的 value,理解 art represents culture。
复习重难点
重点 (Key points)
1.读懂不同体裁 art 主题语篇,获取信息,把握 opinions & attitudes。
2.have/has been done 结构识别与运用;识别 that/which 引导的 attributive clauses,拆解长句。
3.使用目标语言 talk about art hobbies,give brief introductions to artists。
难点 (Difficult points)
1.辨析have/has been done与一般时态被动语态,在写作语境正确选用。
2.分析长难复合句,理清 attributive clause 的修饰对象。
3.读 play script 与 biography,挖掘文本隐含 emotion 和 cultural meaning。
4.书面表达:结合 cultural background,连贯表达对 art 的 personal views。
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
知识点1:His plays have been translated into many languages around the world.他的戏剧已经被翻译成世界上许多种语言。(教材P34)
①现在完成时被动语态:have/has been + 过去分词。
主动:People have translated his plays.
被动:His plays have been translated… 强调 “剧本被翻译”,主语是动作承受者。
②translate…into… 固定搭配:把…… 翻译成……。
③around the world = all over the world 全世界。
【即时小练】
Many ancient Chinese works ____ into different foreign languages so far.
A. translated B. were translated C. have been translated D. are translating
知识点2:There are so many different forms of art, such as paintings, literature, music, and calligraphy.有如此多种多样的艺术形式,例如绘画、文学、音乐以及书法。(教材P34)
①there be 句型:某地有……;
be 动词的形式由后面紧跟的名词决定(就近原则)
There is + 单数可数名词 / 不可数名词
There are + 可数名词复数
例句:There is a form of traditional art in our school.我们学校有一种传统艺术形式。
There are many different forms of art.有许多不同种类的艺术形式。
特别提醒:就近原则(高频考点):
be 动词看离它最近的那个名词,不看后面全部名词。
There is a painting and two calligraphy works on the wall.墙上有一幅画和两幅书法作品。
解析:离 be 最近a painting单数 → 用 is。
There are two calligraphy works and a painting on the wall.墙上有两幅书法作品和一幅画。
解析:离 be 最近two calligraphy works复数 → 用 are。
②different forms of … …… 的不同形式。
③such as 用来列举部分例子,后面接名词 / 名词短语;区分 for example,后面接完整句子,前后用逗号隔开。
辨析such as & for example
辨析项
such as
for example
含义
例如,比如
例如,举例来说
功能
列举部分同类人 / 事物,不能列举全部
用来举例说明某一个论点、情况,举一个例子
后接内容
接名词 / 名词短语,不接完整句子
接完整句子;不能直接接名词
标点
不用逗号隔开
前后一般加逗号隔开
位置
放在被列举名词之后,不能置于句首
句首、句中、句末都可以
数量
可列举 1 个或多个例子
通常只举1 个例子
示例
Many art forms, such as paintings and calligraphy, are popular.许多艺术形式,例如绘画和书法,都很受欢迎。
Many traditional art forms are beautiful. For example, papercutting is loved by people.许多传统艺术形式很美。例如,剪纸深受人们喜爱。
【即时小练】
Some traditional art forms, ____ paper‑cutting and clay art, are popular in China.
A. for example B. such as C. that is D. so as
知识点3:When I was a kid, I watched my grandpa write Chinese characters.当我还是个孩子的时候,我看爷爷写汉字。(教材P36)
when 引导时间状语从句,主从句时态:一般过去时,描述过去经历。
watch sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事(全过程、经常性动作);对比 watch sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事(正在发生)。
拓展延申
结构
含义
用法要点
例句+翻译
watch sb. do sth.
看见某人做了 / 经常做某事(看到全过程、经常性动作)
宾补用动词原形;强调动作发生的整个过程或习惯性行为
I watched grandpa write Chinese characters.我看爷爷写汉字。(看完整过程 / 经常看)
watch sb. doing sth.
看见某人正在做某事
宾补用doing 现在分词;强调动作此时此刻正在进行
I watched grandpa writing Chinese characters when I came in.我进来的时候,看见爷爷正在写汉字。
watch sth.
观看……(电视、比赛、戏剧等)
watch 及物动词,后接名词作宾语;侧重动态画面
We will watch Teahouse in the tea house.我们要去茶馆看《茶馆》。
【即时小练】
I often watched my grandma ____ paper‑cutting when I was young.
A. do B. doing C. does D. did
知识点4:He directed me to take a brush and immerse it with enough ink.他指导我拿起毛笔,蘸上足量墨水。(教材P36)
direct sb. to do sth. 指导 / 指示某人做某事;to do 作宾语补足语。
and 连接并列不定式:to take and (to) immerse,第二个 to 可以省略。
【即时小练】
The teacher directed us ____ more about traditional Chinese art.
A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned
知识点5:It lies in its balance, harmony, and rhythm.它(书法之美)在于它的平衡、和谐与韵律。(教材P36)
lie in 固定短语:在于(表示原因、本质);注意 lie 不同词义变形:lie‑lay‑lain 躺;lie‑lied‑lied 说谎。
并列名词 balance, harmony, rhythm 作介词 in 的宾语。
特别提醒:lie(躺 / 位于)、lie(说谎)、lay(放置;下蛋) 三个词原形极易混淆,考试常考变形
中文含义
原形
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
短语/例句+翻译
vi. 躺;卧;位于
lie
lay
lain
lying
lie in bed 躺在床上The town lies by the river. 这座小镇坐落在河边。
vi. 说谎
lie
lied
lied
lying
lie to sb. 对某人说谎Don’t lie to me. 不要对我撒谎。
vt. 放置;搁;下 (蛋)
lay
laid
laid
laying
lay down the brush 放下毛笔The hen lays eggs. 母鸡下蛋。
记忆口诀:
躺 (lie)‑lay‑lain 不规则;说谎 (lie) 全规则 lied‑lied;
放置 / 下蛋 (lay)‑laid‑laid,有点怪。
拓展延申
lie in 在于(抽象,课文原句)
lie on 位于…… 之上;依靠
lie to sb. 对某人说谎
lay out 摆开;布置
【即时小练】
The magic of this traditional art ____ its special lines and shapes.
A. lies in B. lays in C. lies on D. lays on
知识点6:But like the internet or other similar inventions, movies have had such a big effect on us.但是就像互联网或者其他类似发明一样,电影对我们产生了如此巨大的影响。(教材P38)
have a big effect on… 固定短语:对…… 产生巨大影响。
such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数;区分 so+adj.+a/an + 名词。
辨析项目
such
so
核心结构
such + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数such a beautiful painting
so + 形容词 + a/an + 可数名词单数so beautiful a painting
修饰对象
修饰名词短语,重心在名词
修饰形容词,重心在形容词
复数名词 / 不可数名词
such + adj. + 复数名词 / 不可数名词such wonderful workssuch fine ink
❗so 不能直接修饰复数 / 不可数名词❌so wonderful works
搭配 many /much/few /little
❌such many
✅so + many/much/few/little + 名词(固定特例)so many art forms 如此多的艺术形式
例句 & 翻译
It is such a great play.翻译:这是一部如此棒的戏剧。
It is so great a play.翻译:这是一部如此棒的戏剧。
句型:如此…… 以至于……
such … that …It was such a moving play that many people cried.翻译:这是一部如此感人的戏剧,很多人都哭了。
so … that …It was so moving a play that many people cried.翻译:这是一部如此感人的戏剧,很多人都哭了。
特别提醒单数可数名词:such a/an +adj.+n. = so +adj.+a/an +n.,二者可以互换。
such an interesting story = so interesting a story 如此有趣的故事
复数、不可数名词,只能用 such,不能用 so
✅such old paintings 如此古老的画作
❌so old paintings
特例:many / much / few / little 前面只用 so,不用 such
✅so little time 如此少的时间
✅so few artists 如此少的艺术家
❌such little time
注意 little 两层含义:
little “少的”→ so little + 名词
little “小的”→ such little + 名词
such little children 这么小的孩子
【即时小练】
Films have ____ great effect ____ people’s daily life.
A. so; in B. such a; on C. such; to D. so a; for
知识点7:Besides actors, actresses, or directors, thousands of people can be involved in making a movie.除了男演员、女演员以及导演之外,成千上万的人可以参与电影制作。(教材P38)
①besides 介词:除…… 之外(包含后面提到对象);区分 except(除…… 之外,不包含)。
辨析项
besides
except
中文含义
除…… 之外(包含在内,累加)
除…… 之外(排除在外,减去)
逻辑关系
把 besides 后面人 / 物算进去,“除了… 还有”
把 except 后面人 / 物排除掉,“除去… 之外”
后接成分
名词 / 代词 / 动名词
名词 / 代词 / 介词短语
位置
句首、句中
多放在句中;可放句末
本单元例句
Besides actors, thousands of people take part in making movies.除了演员之外,还有成千上万的人参与电影制作。(演员也包含在内)
All artists went to the show except him.除了他以外,所有艺术家都去看展览了。(他没去,不包含)
简单判断小技巧
加上 besides 后面的对象,总数变多
去掉 except 后面的对象,剩下才是主语范围
②be involved in:参与;卷入。
③thousands of 成千上万,模糊数量;thousand 前面有具体数字不加 s。
【即时小练】
____ the main actors, lots of workers are involved ____ making a movie.
A. Except; in B. Besides; in C. Except; for D. Besides; for
知识点8:I prefer science fiction. I learn a lot of interesting things from science fiction movies.我更喜欢科幻片。我从科幻电影中学到很多有趣的东西。(教材P38)
prefer 动词:更喜欢;过去式 / 过去分词:preferred,现在分词:preferring(双写 r)learn … from… 从…… 学到……。
结构
含义
例句+翻译
prefer A to B
比起 B,更喜欢 A(A、B 为名词 / 代词)
I prefer cartoons to war movies.翻译:比起战争片,我更喜欢卡通片。
prefer doing A to doing B
比起做 B 这件事,更喜欢做 A
to 是介词,后面接 doing
He prefers reading to watching movies.翻译:比起看电影,他更喜欢阅读。
prefer to do sth.
宁愿 / 更喜欢做某事(一次性、具体行为)
I prefer to watch the play this evening.翻译:今晚我更想去看这部戏剧。
prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
宁愿做…… 而不愿做……rather than 后接动词原形
She prefers to enjoy calligraphy rather than watch TV.翻译:她宁愿欣赏书法也不愿看电视。
prefer sb. to do sth.
宁愿某人做某事
I prefer you to come to the art show.翻译:我希望你来参加艺术展。
特别提醒
prefer A to B 和 prefer doing A to doing B 中 to 是介词,后面接名词或者 doing,不能接动词原形。
❌prefer read to write
✅prefer reading to writing
prefer to do … rather than do …:rather than 后面用动词原形,不要 to。
❌prefer to do rather than to do
✅prefer to do rather than do
没有 prefer … than … 搭配!❌prefer cartoons than movies
【即时小练】
My sister prefers cartoons ____ war movies.
A. than B. to C. for D. with
知识点9:In traditional Chinese art, painting is not only about painting itself, but also a way for the artist to express their emotions and thoughts.在中国传统艺术中,绘画不仅仅关乎绘画本身,也是艺术家表达情感与思想的一种方式。(教材P40)
not only…but (also)… 不但…… 而且……,并列结构,连接两个表语。
a way for sb. to do sth. 某人做某事的一种方式,不定式作后置定语。
itself 反身代词,作同位语,强调 “绘画本身”。
【即时小练】
Art is ____ for fun, ____ a way to show people’s feelings.
A. not only; but also B. neither; or C. either; but D. both; or
知识点10:Among his works, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is the most well‑known.
在他的作品当中,《富春山居图》是最为出名的。(教材P40)
①among 在…… 之中(三者及以上);区分 between 两者之间。
辨析项目
between
among
含义
在…… 两者之间
在…… 三者或三者以上之中
数量范围
两者之间
三者及以上
位置关系
可以指空间位置;也可指两者之间的关系、对比
多用来指在一群人 / 事物内部当中
后接名词
常接两个名词;复数名词(强调个体两两之间)
接复数名词 / 集合名词(一群,整体)
本单元例句
There is a difference between the two art forms.这两种艺术形式之间存在区别。
Among his works, Dwelling in the Fuchun Mountains is the most wellknown.在他所有作品当中,《富春山居图》是最出名的。
特殊考点
between 后接三个及以上复数名词时,侧重每两者之间
不能用于两者;among 一般不用于明确两两
②the most well‑known 多音节形容词最高级:the most + adj.。
【即时小练】
___ all these paintings, this one is ____ most famous.
A. Between; the B. Among; the C. Between; / D. Among; /
知识点11:Huang Gongwang’s contributions to Chinese art and culture are significant.
黄公望对中国艺术和文化的贡献意义重大。(教材P40)
contribution /ˌkɒntrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 贡献;促成作用;投稿;复数:contributions
contribution to sth. 对…… 的贡献,to 为介词,后面接名词。
拓展延申
常用结构
含义
例句 + 翻译
make a contribution to sth.
make contributions to sth.
对…… 做出贡献to 是介词!后面接名词 / 代词 /doing,不能接动词原形
The artist made great contributions to Chinese painting.这位艺术家为中国画做出了巨大贡献。
contribution to sth.
…… 对…… 的贡献;促成因素
Huang Gongwang’s contributions to art and culture are significant.黄公望对艺术与文化的贡献意义重大。
contribution towards sth.
对某事的捐助、出力(多用于金钱、物资)
We made a contribution towards the art project.我们为这个艺术项目出了一份力。
significant 形容词,重要的,意义重大的。
【即时小练】
The artist made great contributions ____ Chinese painting.
A. for B. to C. with D. on
知识点12:I asked for nothing and let it go.我什么都没有索要,就放它离开了。(教材P42)
①ask for sth. 索要,请求得到某物;区分 ask sb. for sth. 向某人索要某物。
拓展延申
常用结构
含义
例句+翻译
ask sb. sth.
问某人某事(双宾语)
He asked me a question about calligraphy.他问了我一个关于书法的问题。
ask sb. about sth.
向某人询问关于某事
I asked grandpa about the traditional art.我向爷爷询问关于这项传统艺术的事。
ask for sth.
索要;请求得到某物
The fisherman asked for a new house.渔夫索要一栋新房子。
ask sb. for sth.
向某人索要某物
She asked her teacher for more books.她向老师索要更多书籍。
ask (sb.) to do sth.
要求 / 请求(某人)做某事
He asked me to enjoy the painting with him.他邀请我和他一起欣赏这幅画。
ask sb. not to do sth.
要求某人不要做某事
Mom asked me not to draw on the wall.妈妈要求我不要在墙上画画。
ask + 宾语从句
询问……
He asked what the art form was.他询问这是什么艺术形式。
②let sb./sth. do sth. 让…… 做某事,let 后接不带 to 不定式。
【即时小练】
The little boy asked ____ nothing and let the bird ____ away.
A. for; fly B. /; to fly C. to; fly D. for; to fly
知识点13:Why didn’t you ask for a new house?你为什么不索要一栋新房子呢?(教材P42)
Why didn’t you do…? 句式:你为什么不做……?可用于提出责备,也可用于提建议。
ask for + 名词,请求得到某物。
【即时小练】
— ____ ask for a better chance?
— I didn’t think it was possible.
A. Why not you B. Why didn’t you C. Why you not D. Why didn’t
知识点14:Qi Baishi is one of China’s most celebrated painters.齐白石是中国最负盛名的画家之一。(教材P44)
①one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数:最…… 之一;谓语动词用单数。
项目
说明
例句 + 翻译
结构公式
one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数
Qi Baishi is one of the most celebrated painters.翻译:齐白石是最负盛名的画家之一。
名词要求
必须用复数名词,表示群体当中的一员
one of the greatest artists
冠词要求
最高级前面the 不能省略
one of the most famous works
谓语动词(核心考点)
主语是one,所以谓语动词用单数
One of the paintings is by Huang Gongwang.其中一幅画出自黄公望之手。
定语从句考点
先行词是:one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词定语从句修饰后面的复数名词,从句谓语用复数
He is one of the artists who are good at calligraphy.他是擅长书法的艺术家之一。
特殊:the only one of …
先行词:the only one of + 最高级 + 复数名词从句修饰 the only one,从句谓语用单数
He is the only one of the artists who is good at calligraphy.他是这些艺术家中唯一一个擅长书法的。
②celebrated 形容词,著名的,闻名的。
【即时小练】
Huang Gongwang is one of ____ greatest Chinese ____.
A. the; painter B. /; painters C. the; painters D. /; painter
知识点15:It doesn’t matter if you paint, draw, sculpt, or write.无论你是绘画、素描、雕塑还是写作,都没关系。(教材P44)
It doesn’t matter if… …… 是没关系的;it 作形式主语,if 引导真正主语从句。
项目
解析
例句 & 翻译
句型公式
It doesn’t matter if + 陈述句语序从句
It doesn’t matter if you like modern art or traditional art.你喜欢现代艺术还是传统艺术都没关系。
if 含义
此处 if = whether,意为 “是否”,不是 “如果”
It doesn’t matter if he comes to the art show.他来不来艺术展都无所谓。
否定变化
It doesn’t matter if…(否定在主句,not 放在 matter 前)
It doesn’t matter if you don’t come.你不来也没关系。
拓展同义句型
It doesn’t matter whether … (or …)whether 可以接 or;if 引导主语从句放在句首不可以,用 it 形式主语时 if/whether 大多互换
It doesn’t matter whether you agree or not.翻译:你同不同意都没关系。
②or 用于否定、疑问句中并列列举。
【即时小练】
____ doesn’t matter ____ you like painting or music. Art is for everyone.
A. It; if B. That; whether C. This; if D. It; what
单元语法:被动语态
一、基本概念
主动语态:主语是动作的发出者(执行者)
Many artists create great works.许多艺术家创作伟大的作品。(artists 发出 create 动作)
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者,即主语 “被……”。
Great works are created by many artists.伟大的作品被许多艺术家创作出来。(works 承受 create 动作)
被动语态结构通用公式:
be + 及物动词的过去分词 (done)
be 动词体现时态、人称、数;过去分词永远不变。
特别提醒
不及物动词(happen, appear, take place, rise 等)没有被动语态。
二、初中必考 8 种时态被动语态表格
时态
主动结构
被动结构
例句 & 翻译
一般现在时
do / does
am / is / are + done
Many plays are translated into other languages.翻译:许多戏剧被翻译成其他语言。
一般过去时
did
was / were + done
This painting was finished in 1350.翻译:这幅画作于 1350 年完成。
一般将来时
will do / be going to do
will be + donebe going to be + done
The art show will be held next month.翻译:这场艺术展将于下个月举办。
现在进行时
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being + done
The old house is being protected now.翻译:这座老房子正在被保护。
过去进行时
was/were doing
was/were being + done
The play was being shown at 8 o’clock yesterday.翻译:昨天八点这部戏剧正在上演。
现在完成时(本单元重点)
have/has done
have / has been + done
His plays have been translated into many languages.翻译:他的戏剧已经被翻译成多国语言。
过去完成时
had done
had been + done
All the tickets had been sold out before we arrived.翻译:我们到达之前票已经卖光。
情态动词
情态动词 + do
情态动词 + be + done
Traditional culture should be respected.翻译:传统文化应当被尊重。
三、被动语态句式变换(以一般现在时为例)
主动:People love paper‑cutting. 人们喜爱剪纸。
被动:Paper‑cutting is loved by people. 剪纸被人们喜爱。
否定句:be + not + done:Paper‑cutting is not loved by few people. 剪纸不被少数人喜爱。
一般疑问句:Be + 主语 + done …?
—Is paper‑cutting loved by people?
—Yes, it is. / No, it isn’t.
剪纸被人们喜爱吗?是的。
特殊疑问句:疑问词 + be + 主语 + done …?
Where is the old painting kept?这幅古画被保存在哪里?
四、by 的用法
by +动作执行者,表示 “被……”
当执行者不重要、不知道是谁时,by 短语可以省略(考试高频)
Many ancient works were kept.(省略 by people)
The famous artist is remembered not just for his works…(课文句子,无 by)
这位著名艺术家不仅仅因为他的作品被铭记。
五、特殊考点(初中重难点)
1. 感官动词 & 使役动词被动还原 to
感官动词:see, watch, hear, notice
使役动词:make
主动:watch sb. do sth.(不带 to)
被动:sb. be watched to do sth.(被动必须还原 to!)
主动:We watched him act. 我们看他表演。
被动:He was watched to act. 有人看见他表演。
make:
主动:make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
被动:sb. be made to do sth.
2. 无被动语态动词(必背)
不及物动词没有被动:
happen(发生)、take place(发生)、appear、disappear、rise、come out
❌The accident was happened.
✅The accident happened. 事故发生了。
3. 主动形式表达被动含义
sell well 卖得好;wash well 好洗;read well 读起来不错
This book sells well. 这本书很畅销。(不用 is sold well)
4. 双宾语变被动
主动:give sb. sth.
两种被动:
① sb. be given sth.
② sth. be given to sb.
He gave me a brush.
→ I was given a brush.
→ A brush was given to me.
特别提醒
六、做题步骤(做被动语态题四步法)
判断主语和动词:主语是动作承受者 → 用被动;主语是执行者 → 主动。
判断时间标志,确定时态。
写出对应被动结构 be + done。
注意 be 动词人称、单复数;感官动词被动还原 to;不及物动词无被动。
【即时小练】
1. Many ancient Chinese art works ____ into many foreign languages so far.1.
A. translated
B. were translated
C. have been translated
D. are translating
2.Traditional art forms ____ by more young people.
A. should respect
B. should be respected
C. must respect
D. are respecting
3. The boy was watched ____ Beijing opera on the stage.
A. perform
B. to perform
C. performing
D. performed
(时间:建议30分钟)
1、 单词拼写
1.The Beijing National Stadium, also known as the Bird’s Nest, ________ (build) for the 2008 Olympic Games.
2.The young ________ (direct) won the Best Screenplay Award at the International Film Festival.
3.The differences between Chinese and Western art are ________ (significance).
4.Taking part in more social activities can ________ (rich) our life experiences.
5.Look! This lithe spider can make a web by ________ (it).
6.Whoever makes mistakes will pay the price and you are no ________ (except) .
7.He has made an important ________ (contribute) to the company’s success.
8.The ________ (legend) basketball player came and gave us some tips on playing better.
9.Taste and smell are ________ (close) connected.
10.The painting makes people feel ________ (peace).
2、 单项选择
单项选择
1.Nowadays, AI technology ________ to help more people to solve problems.
A.uses B.is used C.is using
2.I am really ________ Chinese calligraphy now.
A.into B.onto C.out of
3.—Some students _______ some housework at home on weekends by their parents.
—I think it is necessary to do so. It is really a useful living skill for the young.
A.are made do B.are made to do C.make do
4.Hangzhou ________ as the City of Silk. Tourists like shopping for silk there.
A.knows B.is known C.was known
5.—Many DIY cards ________ to mothers on Mother’s Day every year.
—How creative!
A.is sending B.are sending C.are sent
6.Last week, students ________ by the schools not to ride electric bikes without helmets.
A.warned B.are warned C.were warned
7.The 21st Sports Meeting of Fujian Province ________ in Zhangzhou in 2025.
A.holds B.held C.was held
8.The great Dujiangyan Irrigation (灌溉) System in China ________ over 2,200 years ago to water farmland without building a dam.
A.built B.was built C.is built
9.—How clean and tidy your bedroom is!
—Yes. It ________ every day.
A.cleans B.is cleaning C.is cleaned
10.—It was reported that the bridge ________ of steel ________ during the heavy rain.
—So it was. We need to rebuild it soon.
A.made; was washed away B.was made; washed away C.was made; was washed away
3、 完成句子
1.艺术的形式多种多样,比如绘画、文学和音乐。
There are so many different forms of art, ________ ________ paintings, literature and music.
2.张艺谋拍了一部叫《第二十条》的新片。我认为它很值得观看。
Zhang Yimou made a new movie named Article 20 and I think it ________ ________ ________ watching.
3.突然,我们看到远处的小屋冒出浓烟。
Suddenly, we saw thick smoke rising from a small house ________ ________ ________.
4.渔夫的妻子,头发花白,正坐在桌旁。
The fisherman’s wife, ________ has grey hair, is sitting at the table.
5.齐白石是中国最著名的画家之一。
Qi Baishi is one of China’s ________ ________ painters.
6.电影对我们产生了如此大的影响。
Movies have had ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ us.
7.当电影最初被创造出来时,它们是没有颜色的。
When movies were first created, they ________ ________ in colour.
8.渔夫在海岸附近,朝大海望去。
The fisherman is near the coast, ________ out towards the sea.
9.这幅画太美了,让人感到平静。
The painting is ________ beautiful ________ it makes people feel peaceful.
10.想象一下你的艺术作品如何能产生影响。
________ how your artwork could make a difference.
4、 完形填空
A fisherman caught a magic goldfish. The goldfish said, “Please let me go, and I will 1 you whatever you want.” The fisherman was kind and let it go. When he told his wife, she was very 2 . “Why didn’t you ask for a new house?” she shouted. So the fisherman went back and 3 the goldfish. The goldfish granted his wish. The wife was happy, 4 soon she wanted more. She asked to be a queen, then a ruler of the sea. The goldfish became 5 with her greed and took everything back. In the end, they had 6 but their old hut. The story tells us that 7 leads to loss. We should be 8 with what we have. The fisherman’s wife was never 9 , so she lost everything. If she had been satisfied, they could have had a 10 life.
1.A.give B.buy C.sell D.lend
2.A.happy B.angry C.excited D.calm
3.A.caught B.killed C.called D.forgot
4.A.and B.or C.but D.so
5.A.pleased B.satisfied C.angry D.bored
6.A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing
7.A.kindness B.greed C.courage D.wisdom
8.A.content B.sorry C.tired D.familiar
9.A.generous B.selfish C.satisfied D.polite
10.A.poor B.comfortable C.hard D.lonely
6
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