内容正文:
一、单词精讲
1.fitness /ˈfɪtnəs/ n. 健康;健壮
派生词:fit adj. 健康的 v. 适合 fitter adj. 更健康的
例句:Swimming is a good way to improve your fitness.
游泳是增进健康的好方法。
【用法搭配】
physical fitness 身体健康
a fitness centre 健身中心
▲fit adj. 健康的;适合的
keep fit 保持健康=keep healthy
be fit for/to do sth. 适合做某事/胜任做某事
fit in with 与……相适应;与……合得来
【语境应用】单句语法填空
2. event n. 比赛项目;大事;公开活动
【用法搭配】
a sports event 体育赛事
a historical event历史事件
例句:The new book was the cultural event of the year.
这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。
3.come along 跟随;到达;进步;赶快
【用法搭配】
[1] come across偶然遇见;偶然发现
[2] come out出现;出版;结果是
[3] come up with提出;想出
[4] when it comes to (doing) sth.当谈到/提及……
例句:There is a big party tonight. Would you like to come along? 跟随
When the right opportunity comes along, you must take it.到达
Your English has come along a lot recently.进步
Come along or we will miss the train.赶快
4. host vt.主办;支持 n. 主人;东道主;节目主持人
hostess n. 女主人 guest n. 客人
【用法搭配】
host city /family/ country/team 主办城市/寄宿家庭/主办国/主队
a host of 许多,一大群;众多,大量
例句:Our city will host an important sports competition next year.
我市明年将主办一场重要的体育赛事。
5. track n. 跑道;足迹;铁路轨道vt. 追踪;跟踪
[同根词] track and field 田径
例句:The athletes are running fast on the track.
运动员们在跑道上飞速奔跑。
He takes part in track and field every sports meeting.
每届运动会他都参加田径项目。
6.work out 锻炼,计算出,解决
例句:Working out for an hour every day contributes to our mental state.
每天锻炼一小时有益于我们的精神状态。
turn out 结果是 break out 爆发
carry out 执行;实施 make out 理解;弄清楚
give out 分发;用完 run out 用完,耗尽
point out 指出;指明 set out 动身;启程;开始
7. sweat /swet/ vi. 出汗 n. 汗水
派生词:sweaty adj. 出汗的;汗湿的
【用法搭配】
sweat a lot 大量出汗
in a sweat 出着汗
例句:After the race he was dripping with sweat.
赛跑之后他大汗淋漓。
8. make it 获得成功;准时到达
例句:With continuous efforts, he finally made it to the national contest.
凭借不懈努力,他终于成功进入全国大赛。
9. athlete[ˈæθliːt] n.运动员;运动健儿
派生词:athletic[æθ'letɪk] adj 健壮的,运动的athletics n.田径运动
例句:She will make a very good athlete.她将来会成为一名很好的运动员。
She is a natural athlete. 她是个天生的运动健将。
*10.master /ˈmɑ:stə(r)/ n. 高手; 主人 vt. 精通;掌握
例句:They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.他们必须是所在运动项目上的大师,并且是他人学习的楷模。
11.honour /ˈɒnə/ n. 荣誉 vt. 给…以荣誉
派生词:honourable adj. 可敬的 honoured adj. 感到荣幸的
【用法搭配】
in honour of 为纪念
have the honour to do 荣幸地做
It's one's honour to do sth. 做某事是某人的荣幸
(2) =feel honoured to do sth. 做某事感到荣幸
honoured adj. 受尊敬的;感到荣幸的
例句:It was a great honour to play for the national team. 能为国家队效力是莫大的荣誉。
12. glory /ˈɡlɔːri/ n. 光荣;荣耀
派生词:glorious adj. 光荣的;辉煌的
【用法搭配】
win glory 赢得荣耀
the glory of …的荣耀
例句:The team brought glory to their school. 这支队伍为学校带来了荣耀。
13. medal /ˈmedl/ n. 奖牌;勋章
派生词:medallist n. 奖牌获得者
【用法搭配】
win a medal 赢得奖牌
a gold / silver medal 金牌/银牌
例句:She won a gold medal in the swimming final. 她在游泳决赛中赢得了一枚金牌。
14.championship /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ n. 锦标赛; 冠军赛;冠军称号
派生词:champion /ˈtʃæmpiən/ n. 冠军; 优胜者
例句:She seems set fair to win the championship.她似乎具备夺冠的条件。
15.determination [dɪˌtɜː(r)mɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n] n. 决心;决定
派生词:determine [dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪn] v. 决定; 确定; 下决心
determined[dɪˈtɜː(r)mɪnd] adj. 有决心的
【用法搭配】
1. determine to do sth. 下定决心做(瞬间动作,不接时间段)
2. be determined to do sth. 决心做(表持续状态,写作高频)
3. determine on/upon sth. 就某事做出决定
4. with determination 坚决地
例句:He is determined to compete in the national match regardless of all kinds of difficulties. 尽管困难重重,他决心参加全国比赛。
16. injure vt. 使受伤;损害
派生词:injured adj . 受伤的;有伤的
injury n. 伤害,损伤
【用法搭配】
1. suffer an injury 受伤
2. do sb. an injury = do an injury to sb. 伤害某人
3. the injured 伤员(the + adj.表一类人,谓语用复数)
例句:Several players got injured in the fierce match and the injured were sent to hospital at once. 几名选手在激烈比赛中受伤,伤员被立刻送往医院。
🔍易混辨析
injure:意外、运动事故受伤;可引申伤害名誉/自尊
hurt:肉体轻微疼痛;情感受伤害
wound:刀、枪、战争造成伤口
harm:抽象损害健康、利益
17. lose heart 丧失信心;泄气
lose one's heart to 倾心于……; 爱上……
put one's heart into 专心于……
heart and soul 全心全意; 完全地
learn… by heart 记忆; 背诵
例句:Never lose heart when you meet failures.
遭遇失败的时候千万不要丧失信心。
*18.strength n. 力量; 体力; 强项; 优势
派生词:strengthen v. 加强 strong adj. 强壮的 strongly adv. 坚定地
【用法搭配】
build up one's strength 增强体质
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
build up one’s strength/body 强身健体
have the strength to do sth. 有做某事的力气
例句:Regular exercise builds up your strength. 经常锻炼能增强你的体力。
19. failure n. 失败; 失败的人 (或事物)
语法提示:failure表抽象“失败”不可数;指具体失败者/失败事件可数
派生词:fail v. 失败
fail to do sth. 未能做成某事
【用法搭配】
end in failure 以失败而告终
heart failure 心脏衰竭
例句:Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。
20. give up 放弃; 投降
give in 屈服; 投降
give back 归还; 恢复
give off 放出, 散发 (光、热、烟、气味等)
give away 赠送; 捐赠; 泄露
例句:You shouldn’t give up even if you have met many difficulties.
就算遇到重重困难,你也不该放弃。
21.compete[kəmˈpiːt] v. 竞争; 对抗
派生词:competition n. 竞争;竞赛 competitor n. 竞争者
competitive adj. 有竞争力的
【用法搭配】
compete with / against 与…竞争
compete for 为…竞争
例句:Hundreds of runners competed in the race. 数百名跑步者参加了比赛
22.pretend /prɪˈtend/ vt. 假装
派生词:pretence n. 假装 pretended adj. 假装的
【用法搭配】
pretend to do 假装做
pretend that... 假装…
例句:He shouldn’t pretend to have finished the training task when he actually hasn’t.
明明没完成训练任务,他不该假装已经做完。
23.make sense 有道理; 合乎情理; 表述清楚
make sense of 理解; 明白
make no sense 没道理; 没意义
There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没道理
=it makes(no)sense to do sth 做某事(没)有道理/意义
例句:What he said makes sense to us students.
他所说的话对我们学生来讲很有道理
24.even if / though 即使;虽然
例句:Even if you fail, you will gain valuable experience.
即使你失败,你也会收获宝贵经验。
25.millions of 数百万的
[同根词] thousands of 成千上万的 hundreds of 数以百计的
dozens of 许多;数打 scores of 许多;大量
billion 十亿 millionaire 百万富翁
26. cheat vi/vt.作弊;舞弊;欺骗;n.欺骗手段;骗子
【用法搭配】
cheat sb. into doing sth. 骗某人做某事
cheat sb out of sth 骗某人某物
例句:It is shameful to cheat in any competition. 在任何比赛中作弊都是可耻的。
27. audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ n. 观众;听众
【用法搭配】
a large audience 众多观众 in front of the audience 在观众面前
例句:The whole audience stood up and applauded. 全体观众起立鼓掌。
28. positive /ˈpɒzətɪv/ adj. 积极的;正面的
派生词:positively adv. 积极地;肯定地 反义词:negative adj.消极的;负面的
【用法搭配】
a positive attitude 积极的态度 be positive about 对…有信心
例句: A positive attitude helps you overcome difficulties.
积极的态度有助于你克服困难。
Be positive about your future. 要积极面对未来。
29. slim /slɪm/ adj. 苗条的;微小的
派生词:slimmer adj. 更苗条的 slimming n. 减肥
【用法搭配】
stay slim 保持苗条
a slim chance 渺茫的机会
例句:Doing sports keeps you fit and slim. 做运动能让你保持健康苗条。
30.diet n. 规定饮食;日常饮食 vi.节食
【用法搭配】
be on a diet 节食
go on a diet 节食
a balanced/healthy diet 均衡的/健康的饮食
例句:He is on a diet to reduce some weight. 他正在节食以减轻体重。
31. make a difference 有作用或影响
【用法搭配】
[1] make a difference to…对……有作用/影响
[2] make no difference to…对……没有作用/影响
毫无疑问,每件小事都能产生巨大的影响。
There is no doubt that every small thing can make a big difference.
*32.stress n. 压力; 紧张; 重音 v. 强调; 重读; (使) 焦虑不安
派生词:stressful adj. 产生压力的; 紧张的
stressed adj. 感到压力的
【用法搭配】
under stress 在压力之下
stress the importance of… 强调……的重要性
例句:Teachers stress the importance of regular physical exercise.
老师们强调规律体育锻炼的重要性。
二、单元重点短语
come 系列
1. come along 跟随;进展;赶快;出现2. come up with 想出;提出(主意、计划)
3. come across 偶遇;偶然发现 4. come out 出版;开花;结果显露
5. When it comes to… 当谈及……(写作万能句型)
work 系列
1. work out 锻炼;算出;解决;进展顺利;制定
*熟词生义:①锻炼 ②计算 ③解决问题 ④进展 ⑤制定计划
2. work on 从事;致力于
3. at / out of work 在上班 / 失业
make 高频短语
1. make a difference 起作用;产生影响
拓展:make some difference to 对……有点影响;make no/little difference 无关紧要
2. make it 成功;准时赶到;渡过难关 3. make use of 利用
example 短语
1. set an example (for sb.) 为某人树立榜样 2. follow sb.’s example 效仿某人
fall 系列
1. fall apart 崩溃;破碎;身心垮掉 2. fall behind 落后
3. fall over 绊倒;摔倒 4. fall into 养成(坏习惯);陷入
heart 易混(高考易错)
1. lose heart 灰心;丧失信心(无物主代词)2. lose one’s heart to sb. 爱上某人
give 系列
1. give up doing sth. 放弃/戒掉做某事 2. give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服;让步;上交
3. give out 分发;(体力)耗尽;用光
make sense 相关
1. make sense 有道理;讲得通 2. make sense of 弄懂,理解
3. There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事毫无意义
4. in no sense 绝不(置于句首,句子部分倒装)
rather than
1. rather than do sth. 而不是(平行结构前后形式保持一致)
2. would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A不愿做B
3. would rather +从句虚拟:现在/将来用一般过去时;过去用had done
cut 系列
1. cut out 戒掉;剪下;停止做 2. cut down 砍倒;缩减(开支/时间)
3. cut off 切断(水电、联系);中断
单元体育主题短语
1. warm up 热身运动 2. take exercise 锻炼身体
3. keep fit / stay healthy 保持健康 4. build up one’s strength 增强体质
5. now and then = at times = occasionally 偶尔,有时
三、重点句型
句型1 It’s up to sb. to do sth. 做某事由某人决定
up to拓展:①up to +数字:多达;②be up to (doing) sth.胜任;正在做;③up to now 到目前为止(主句现在完成时)
句型2 when / while / as引导时间状语从句
1. when:延续/短暂动词均可;动作可同时可先后
2. while:只能接延续性动词,多用进行时,表对比
3. as:一边……一边;随着
✅高考特殊when句型
① be doing…when… 正在做,这时突然……
② be about to do…when…正要做,突然……
③ had hardly done…when…刚做完,就……
句型3 even if / even though 引导让步状语从句 虽然,尽管
⚠️不能和but连用,但可以和yet / still连用
句型4 once 引导时间状语从句:一旦……就……
省略规则:主从句主语一致且含有be动词,可省略主语+be
四、本单元高频语法易错点
1. ‑ed /‑ing形容词区分
人感受用‑ed;事物属性用‑ing
2. pretend类动词非谓语分层:to do/to be doing/to have done(表将来/进行/完成)
3. 介词to后面接doing短语(陷阱)
give up doing;look forward to doing;be used to doing;devote oneself to doing
4. would rather从句虚拟语气
- 对现在/将来虚拟:从句用一般过去时
- 对过去虚拟:从句用had done
5. 否定词置于句首部分倒装:in no sense、never、little、seldom等放句首,助动词提前。
6. 名词单复数易错
strength:力量不可数;长处、优点可数strengths
failure:抽象失败不可数;失败者/一件失败的事可数
7. compete介词搭配:compete in赛事;compete for奖项;compete with对手
五、单元主题满分写作金句
1. It’s a great honour to take part in the sports competition and fight for our class.
参加体育比赛、为班级拼搏是莫大的荣幸。
2. We should be determined to overcome all difficulties and never lose heart.
我们应当下定决心克服一切困难,永不灰心。
3. Regular working out and a balanced diet can strengthen our body and improve our strength.
规律锻炼加上均衡膳食能够强身健体,提升体能。
4. Even if we fail the match, we shouldn’t regard it as a total failure.
即便比赛失利,我们也不该将其视作彻底的失败。
5. What matters most is the determination rather than the final score.
最重要的是坚定的毅力,而非最终的分数。
6. We should set an example to classmates by sticking to daily exercise.
我们应当坚持日常锻炼,为同学们树立榜样。
7. When it comes to sports, perseverance plays an important role.
谈及体育运动,毅力发挥着至关重要的作用。
小练习(语法填空)
用括号内单词适当形式填空
1. Now that you have made the __________(determine), you should stick to your goal.
2. One of his ________(strength) is that he never loses heart in face of failure.
3. Many ________(athlete) attach great importance to a balanced diet.
4. The team members were deeply ________(honour) to receive the award.
5. He got ________(injure) when competing in the track‑and‑field event.
参考答案:1.determination 2.strengths 3.athletes 4.honoured 5.injured
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