2027届高考英语一轮复习之阅读理解（说明文）15篇（浙江专用）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文阅读理解，覆盖15个跨学科主题，系统训练细节理解、推理判断等核心题型，强化语言能力与思维品质 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |主题分类|15篇|说明文阅读选择题（含细节、推理、主旨等）|主题关联社会热点（生态、科技等），题型对应高考高频考点，形成“主题-题型-能力”训练链条|

2027届高考英语一轮复习（浙江专用） 阅读理解说明文15篇 序号 核心内容总结 核心话题分类 1 一项长期追踪研究表明青少年时期良好的家庭关系，能够对成年后的社交能力产生积极长远影响。 家庭关系、社交成长 2 剖析塑料回收骗局，指出塑料回收无法根治塑料污染，想要彻底解决该问题，核心在于依靠政策管控、减少塑料源头生产。 生态治理、环保政策 3 介绍渔业副渔获（误捕海洋动物）的生态危害，对比多种减误捕方案的优劣，呼吁吸纳渔民参与解决方案制定，优化海洋渔业保护模式。 海洋生态、渔业保护 4 兰州大学科研团队研发eLUE模型，突破技术难点，实现陆地生态系统总初级生产力的精准遥感估算，为全球碳循环研究提供重要技术支撑。 科研创新、生态研究 5 全新基因研究颠覆人类单一起源传统观点，证实现代人类是由两支远古族群先分化、后融合演化形成，完善人类演化研究体系。 基因科研、人类演化 6 专项实验研究发现，推理能力越强的人工智能，在人机协作场景中越容易出现利己自私倾向，据此提出针对性的AI训练优化与监管改进方案。 人工智能、科技伦理 7 科研人员依托葡萄藤中的纤维素，研发出可快速降解、透明安全的新型环保包装薄膜，可有效替代一次性塑料，助力塑料污染治理。 材料创新、绿色环保 8 中国相关研究证实，使用塑料外卖容器盛放高温食物时，析出的有害化学物质会扰乱人体肠道菌群，损伤心肌，大幅增加心力衰竭的患病风险。 健康科普、生活安全 9 少年专项实验证实，蝴蝶幼虫阶段习得的记忆，可跨越变态发育过程保留，且能够遗传给下一代，刷新昆虫记忆遗传相关认知。 生物研究、自然规律 10 阐释人际交往规律，指出第一印象具有短暂易逝的特点，即便初次印象不佳，也可通过真诚沟通打造良好第二印象，有效改善人际关系。 人际交往、社会心理 11 详细介绍农业无人机的核心功能与独特全球推广路径，客观剖析其在现代农业应用中的优势、弊端及未来发展前景。 农业科技、智能应用 12 阐明社交联结对身心健康的积极作用，解读心理学“好感差距”阻碍新友谊建立的原理，提出简单真诚的行动方案助力搭建良好人际社交。 心理科普、社交健康 13 介绍森林地下由真菌菌丝构成的“树木万维网”，阐释树木借此互通信息、共享养分资源的生存模式，指出人类砍伐行为正在严重破坏这一地下生态网络。 森林生态、自然共生 14 指出现代农业过度耕作等高产生产方式，持续削弱土壤韧性、引发土壤退化问题，呼吁重视土壤长期健康，转变可持续的土地管理模式。 土壤保护、农业可持续 15 阐释企业内部文化冲突产生的三大核心成因，针对性给出冲突化解对策，论证合理管控的文化冲突可有效提升企业核心竞争力。 企业管理、文化建设 Passage 1 Researchers have long been interested in how humans and animals make decisions by focusing on trial-and-error behavior informed by recent information. However, the conventional frameworks for understanding these behaviors may overlook certain realities of decision-making because they assume we make the best decisions after taking into account our past experiences. One new study employs AI in innovative ways to better understand this process. By using tiny artificial neural networks, the researchers’ work illuminates in detail what drives an individual’s actual choices. “Instead of assuming how brains should learn in bettering our decisions, we developed an alternative approach to discover how individual brains actually learn to make decisions,” explains Mattar, a professor in New York University. “This approach functions like a detective, uncovering how decisions are actually made by animals and humans. By using tiny neural networks — small enough to be understood but powerful enough to catch complex behavior — we’ve discovered decision-making strategies that scientists have overlooked for decades.” “Large neural networks used in AI are very good at predicting things,” says Benna, a professor at UC San Diego’s School. “For example, they can predict which movie you would like to watch next. However, it is very challenging to describe simply what strategies these complex machine learning models employ to make their predictions — such as why they think you will like one movie more than another one. By training the simplest versions of these AI models to predict animals’ choices and analyzing their dynamics using methods from physics, we can throw light on their inner workings in more easily understandable terms.” Understanding how animals and humans learn from experience to make decisions is not only a primary goal in the sciences, but, more broadly, useful in the fields of business, government, and technology. However, existing models of this process, because they are aimed at describing optimal (最佳的) decision-making, often fail to get realistic behavior. “Just as studying individual differences in physical characteristics has revolutionized medicine, understanding individual differences in decision-making strategies could transform our approach to mental health and cognitive function,” concludes Mattar. 1．What can be inferred about traditional decision-making models? A．They are consistent with real-life decision behavior. B．They pay much attention to individual differences. C．They ignore choices that are not the best. D．They use AI-based methods. 2．What is special about the new study? A．Using tiny neural networks. B．Analyzing past experiences. C．Predicting movie preferences. D．Revisiting conventional frameworks. 3．What does Benna mean concerning large neural networks? A．They lack predictive accuracy. B．Their strategies are hard to interpret. C．They outperform tiny networks in research. D．They revolutionize decision-making studies. 4．What is Mattar’s attitude towards the new research? A．Cautiously skeptical. B．Indifferently neutral. C．Strongly supportive. D．Mildly critical. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 【导语】文章介绍了一项利用微小人工神经网络研究个体实际决策策略的新方法，该方法能揭示被忽视的决策机制，并对心理健康等领域具有潜在变革意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中“However, the conventional frameworks for understanding these behaviors may overlook certain realities of decision-making because they assume we make the best decisions after taking into account our past experiences. (然而，理解这些行为的传统框架可能忽略了决策的某些现实，因为它们假设我们在考虑过去经验后做出了最佳决策。)”以及第五段“However, existing models of this process, because they are aimed at describing optimal (最佳的) decision-making, often fail to get realistic behavior.(然而，现有的这类过程模型由于旨在描述最佳决策，往往无法反映真实的行为)”可推知，传统决策模型忽略了非最优的选择。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One new study employs AI in innovative ways to better understand this process. By using tiny artificial neural networks, the researchers’ work illuminates in detail what drives an individual’s actual choices. (一项新研究以创新方式运用人工智能来更好地理解这一过程.通过使用微小的人工神经网络，研究人员的工作详细揭示了驱动个体实际选择的具体因素。)”可知，新研究的特别之处在于使用微小的神经网络。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中Benna所说的话“However, it is very challenging to describe simply what strategies these complex machine learning models employ to make their predictions — such as why they think you will like one movie more than another one. (然而，要简单描述这些复杂的机器学习模型在做出预测时所采用的策略——例如它们为何认为你更喜欢某部电影而不是另一部电影——是非常困难的。)”可知，Benna认为大型神经网络的策略难以解释。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段Mattar所说的话“Just as studying individual differences in physical characteristics has revolutionized medicine, understanding individual differences in decision-making strategies could transform our approach to mental health and cognitive function (正如研究个体在身体特征上的差异已彻底改变了医学，理解个体在决策策略上的差异也可能彻底改变我们对心理健康和认知功能的应对方式)”可知，Mattar将新研究的发现与医学革命类比，认为其能“变革”心理健康领域，表现出强烈支持。 Passage 2 Recent studies in nutritional science emphasize that when we eat may be just as important as what we eat, particularly regarding our first meal of the day. The longstanding debate about breakfast timing has gained new scientific backing from research conducted at the University of California, San Francisco, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism in January 2024. The UCSF study defined “early breakfast” as eating within two hours of waking, and “late breakfast” as eating more than four hours after waking. Researchers tracked metabolic markers in two groups of participants over a 12-week period. The findings revealed significant differences in how the body processed nutrients based on breakfast timing. Early breakfast eaters demonstrated improved insulin sensitivity, better blood sugar regulation throughout the day, and reduced inflammation markers. They also reported feeling more energetic and experiencing fewer food cravings. Late breakfast eaters, conversely, showed higher levels of cortisol in the morning, more difficulty regulating appetite, and a tendency to consume more calories later in the day, particularly in the evening. Dr. Sarah Mitchell, a nutritionist based in Chicago, emphasizes that while the findings are compelling, breakfast timing must be adapted to individual circumstances. Shift workers, people with medical conditions, and those with irregular schedules need to find patterns that work for their specific situations rather than following rigid guidelines. Dr. Mitchell offers practical advice for those whose routines don’t accommodate an early breakfast. She recommends having a light snack soon after waking, followed by a proper breakfast later, rather than skipping breakfast entirely. This approach helps stabilize blood sugar and prevents overeating later. Additionally, paying attention to the composition of breakfast — prioritizing protein and fiber over simple carbohydrates — can significantly improve the metabolic response. The message is clear: the breakfast debate extends beyond nutrients to include timing. Healthy eating isn’t merely about counting calories but also about synchronizing our food intake with our body’s natural rhythms. 1．What did the UCSF study primarily investigate? A．The nutritional value of different breakfast foods. B．The effect of breakfast timing on metabolism. C．The health risks of skipping breakfast. D．The relationship between breakfast and weight loss. 2．What benefit might early breakfast eaters experience? A．Increased cortisol levels. B．More frequent food cravings. C．Lower inflammation markers. D．Higher calorie consumption at night. 3．What advice does Dr. Mitchell give to late breakfast eaters? A．Skip breakfast to reduce calorie intake. B．Eat a small snack soon after waking. C．Consume only protein for breakfast. D．Have breakfast exactly two hours after waking. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Breakfast: The Most Important Meal of the Day. B．How Breakfast Timing Affects Your Health. C．The Role of Nutrition in Modern Life. D．Why You Should Never Skip Breakfast. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这篇文章主要介绍了最新研究表明早餐进食时间影响人体代谢。早吃早餐益处多，晚吃则存在健康隐患。专家建议结合个人情况，醒后先吃小食，让饮食契合身体节律。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The UCSF study defined “early breakfast” as eating within two hours of waking, and “late breakfast” as eating more than four hours after waking. Researchers tracked metabolic markers in two groups of participants over a 12-week period. The findings revealed significant differences in how the body processed nutrients based on breakfast timing.(加州大学旧金山分校的这项研究将“早早餐”定义为醒来后两小时内进食，“晚早餐”定义为醒来后四小时以上进食。研究人员在12周的时间里追踪了两组参与者的代谢指标，研究结果显示，根据早餐时间的不同，身体处理营养物质的方式存在显著差异)”可知，UCSF 研究主要调查了早餐时间对新陈代谢的影响。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Early breakfast eaters demonstrated improved insulin sensitivity, better blood sugar regulation throughout the day, and reduced inflammation markers.(早吃早餐的人表现出更高的胰岛素敏感性、全天血糖调节能力更佳，以及炎症标志物水平更低。)”可知，早吃早餐的人群炎症标志物水平更低。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“She recommends having a light snack soon after waking, followed by a proper breakfast later, rather than skipping breakfast entirely.(她建议在醒来后不久吃一点零食，然后再吃一顿合适的早餐，而不是完全不吃早餐。)”可知，米切尔医生建议醒来后先吃少量清淡的小食，之后再吃正式早餐。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文开篇提出“进食时间和进食内容同样重要”的核心观点，随后通过加州大学旧金山分校的研究，论证早餐时间对代谢、血糖、食欲等健康指标的影响，最后给出适配个人作息的实用建议，核心主题是早餐时间对健康的作用。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“早餐时间如何影响你的健康”。 Passage 3 Traditionally, deep strategic analysis required extensive financial support and massive data teams, giving wealthy footballing nations a distinct advantage. Smaller countries with limited budgets could rarely afford dedicated data scientists or custom analytics software, creating an unfair gap in competitive preparation. This imbalance will be largely erased at the 2026 FIFA World Cup, thanks to a full set of artificial intelligence tools co-developed by FIFA and its official tech partner Lenovo. The core of this AI revolution is Football AI Pro, a generative AI platform open free of charge to all 48 competing teams across Canada, Mexico and the United States. Powered by Lenovo’s advanced AI technology and built on FIFA’s tailored Football Language model, the platform processes hundreds of millions of data points from every match. It turns complicated athletic statistics into easy-to-digest outputs: written strategic summaries, highlight video clips, interactive charts and dynamic 3D field visualizations. Supporting over 15 human languages, the AI assistant lets coaches type natural-language questions before kickoff to study opposing teams’ patterns, and after games to fix their own team’s weak spots. To protect independent human coaching judgment, FIFA has set a strict rule: Football AI Pro cannot be used during live match play. FIFA’s innovation team stresses that artificial intelligence acts only as an assistant, never a replacement for human skill, judgment or creativity. The software can process endless match data, but it cannot copy a coach’s intuition, a referee’s sense of fair play, or a player’s spontaneous in-game brilliance. Looking ahead, the 2026 World Cup serves as a global blueprint for how AI can make top sports more equal. For decades, cutting-edge sports technology was a luxury reserved for well-funded top leagues and wealthy national teams. This tournament proves that intelligent data tools can be shared universally, letting talent — not financial power — decide which teams advance in the world’s biggest football competition. 1．Why is the AI platform developed? A．To bridge the divide. B．To maximize profits. C．To encourage creativity. D．To gain global popularity. 2．What can be learned about Football AI Pro from paragraph 3? A．It dominates live matches. B．It sets limits on language. C．It simplifies complex data. D．It determines human judgement. 3．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Limitations of AI platforms. B．Application of intelligent data tools. C．Prospect of top football teams. D．Significance of AI-based sports tech. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Football AI Pro: A Game Controller B．FIFA World Cup: A Highly Anticipated Event C．Football AI Pro: A Capable Assistant D．Football Language Model: A Charged Service 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了国际足联与联想合作开发的免费AI平台Football AI Pro，它通过将复杂数据转化为易懂的战略分析，帮助各支球队平等竞争，体现了AI作为辅助工具在体育领域的公平化意义。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Smaller countries with limited budgets could rarely afford dedicated data scientists or custom analytics software, creating an unfair gap in competitive preparation. (预算有限的小国很少能负担得起专门的数据科学家或定制分析软件，这在赛前准备上造成了不公平的差距。)”以及第二段“This imbalance will be largely erased at the 2026 FIFA World Cup, thanks to a full set of artificial intelligence tools co-developed by FIFA and its official tech partner Lenovo. (这种不平衡将在2026年国际足联世界杯上被大幅消除，这要归功于国际足联与其官方技术合作伙伴联想共同开发的一套完整的人工智能工具。)”可知，开发该AI平台是为了消除强弱球队之间的数据技术差距，即弥合鸿沟。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“It turns complicated athletic statistics into easy-to-digest outputs: written strategic summaries, highlight video clips, interactive charts and dynamic 3D field visualizations. (它将复杂的运动统计数据转化为易于理解的产出：书面战略摘要、精彩视频片段、交互式图表和动态3D球场可视化。)”可知，该平台简化了复杂的数据。 3．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Looking ahead, the 2026 World Cup serves as a global blueprint for how AI can make top sports more equal. (展望未来，2026年世界杯作为一个全球蓝图，展示了AI如何使顶级体育赛事更加平等。)”以及“This tournament proves that intelligent data tools can be shared universally, letting talent — not financial power — decide which teams advance in the world’s biggest football competition. (这项赛事证明，智能数据工具可以被普遍共享，让才华——而非财力——来决定哪些球队能在全球最大的足球比赛中晋级。)”可知，最后一段重点阐述了基于AI的体育科技在促进公平竞争方面的深远意义。 4．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是第四段“FIFA’s innovation team stresses that artificial intelligence acts only as an assistant, never a replacement for human skill, judgment or creativity. (国际足联创新团队强调，人工智能仅充当助手，绝不会取代人类的技术、判断力或创造力。)”以及全文对Football AI Pro平台功能及其辅助作用的介绍可知，文章主要介绍了这款AI平台作为“得力助手”的角色，所以“足球AI Pro：一个有能力的助手”适合作为文章标题。 Passage 4 Summer comes, and mosquitoes constantly buzz and bite, leaving red marks and ruining our sleep. To fight them, DEET (避蚊胺) is assumed to be the gold standard for preventing mosquito bites. Most researchers agree that a key part of its effectiveness is unpleasantness — the bugs just hate to be around it. However, some mosquitoes seem capable of overcoming their revulsion, leading to the theory that the insects might be getting used to the chemical. Claudio Lazzari at the University of Tours set out to investigate, by running a version of the experiments made famous by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800s where dogs were conditioned to associate sounds with food. In those experiments, Pavlov routinely rang a signal bell and then immediately fed the dogs. Eventually, when he made the sounds but didn’t provide food, he found the animals still salivated (流口水), as they would before a meal. In his experiments, Dr Lazzari presented hungry mosquitoes with warm sheep’s blood while being exposed to a gentle breeze of ordinary air or of air blown past a piece of paper soaked in DEET. After many similar repeated experiments, the researchers then bravely presented their own hands to the insects. One hand was covered in DEET while the other was left untreated. To their frustration they watched as 60% of the mosquitoes that had been presented with blood while being exposed to DEET bit the hand coated in DEET. In contrast, all mosquitoes trained with ordinary air avoided it entirely. Dr Lazzari’s conditioning in the laboratory was important for the mosquitoes in developing their fondness for DEET. But the chances are good that a similar scene is taking place in the real world, where the effects of DEET typically weaken over time, especially when people are sweating or not applying enough of the stuff in the first place. In such circumstances, hungry mosquitoes are most likely to be able to tolerate the faint smell of DEET, bite a lightly protected person, begin connecting the smell with food and become more dangerous to those they encounter later in their lives. 1．What does the underlined word “revulsion” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Dislike. B．Fondness. C．Desire. D．Curiosity. 2．Why was Pavlov’s experiment mentioned? A．To prove DEET’s effect. B．To explain conditioning. C．To honor early biologists. D．To analyze animal behavior. 3．What can we learn about the research from paragraph 4? A．Sheep’s blood drove mosquitoes away. B．All mosquitoes weren’t thirsty for blood. C．Ordinary air fueled mosquitoes’ appetite. D．Most mosquitoes were conditioned to DEET. 4．Why does DEET sometimes fail to keep mosquitoes away? A．Sweat clears DEET completely. B．Mosquitoes associate it with food. C．Its smell grows stronger over time. D．Human blood weakens the chemical. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文围绕驱蚊产品避蚊胺（DEET）展开，借助巴甫洛夫条件反射对照专项科研，揭示部分蚊子可产生适应性、耐受避蚊胺气味，将驱蚊胺气味和食物建立关联，最终削弱避蚊胺驱蚊效力的科学原理，解释现实场景里避蚊胺驱蚊效果下降的成因。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Most researchers agree that a key part of its effectiveness is unpleasantness — the bugs just hate to be around it. However, some mosquitoes seem capable of overcoming their revulsion, leading to the theory that the insects might be getting used to the chemical.(大多数研究人员都认为，其有效的关键在于它的令人不愉快——虫子只是讨厌待在它周围。然而，一些蚊子似乎能够克服它们的revulsion，这导致了昆虫可能正在逐渐习惯这种化学物质)”可知，蚊子原本讨厌避蚊胺，后来克服的是这种厌恶感，故revulsion意为“厌恶，反感”，与Dislike意思最接近。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Claudio Lazzari at the University of Tours set out to investigate, by running a version of the experiments made famous by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800s where dogs were conditioned to associate sounds with food. (图尔大学的Claudio Lazzari着手进行研究，他进行了伊万·巴甫洛夫在19世纪末著名的实验的一个版本，在该实验中，狗被训练成将声音与食物联系起来)”以及第四段“After many similar repeated experiments, the researchers then bravely presented their own hands to the insects.(经过许多次类似的重复实验后，研究人员勇敢地将自己的手伸给这些昆虫)”可知，文章提到巴甫洛夫的实验是为了解释条件反射这一原理，并说明Lazzari是如何借鉴该原理来设计蚊子实验的。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“To their frustration they watched as 60% of the mosquitoes that had been presented with blood while being exposed to DEET bit the hand coated in DEET. In contrast, all mosquitoes trained with ordinary air avoided it entirely. (令他们沮丧的是，他们看到，在接触避蚊胺的同时被提供血液的蚊子中有60%叮咬了涂有避蚊胺的手。相比之下，所有用普通空气训练的蚊子都完全避开了它)”可知，经过反复将避蚊胺气味与血液（食物）配对后，大部分蚊子被训练得不再排斥避蚊胺，即大多数蚊子对避蚊胺形成了条件反射。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In such circumstances, hungry mosquitoes are most likely to be able to tolerate the faint smell of DEET, bite a lightly protected person, begin connecting the smell with food and become more dangerous to those they encounter later in their lives. (在这种情况下，饥饿的蚊子很可能能够忍受避蚊胺微弱的气味，叮咬防护薄弱的人，开始将这种气味与食物联系起来，并对它们以后遇到的其他人变得更加危险)”可知，避蚊胺失效的原因是蚊子将它的气味与食物建立了联系，从而克服了厌恶。 Passage 5 After 10 days in space, the crew of Artemis II described their bond as inseparable. Scientists overwintering in Antarctic research stations might greet such statements with a collective eye-roll and a suggestion that the astronauts try ten months together, as opposed to ten days. Research published this week in PNAS shows how a winter in Antarctica can reverse the normal benefits of social interaction. The study followed 12 hivernauts (越冬者) based at Concordia over the course of their ten-month mission. As the hivernauts ran experiments, fixed machinery and shared meals, sensors recorded their closeness to each other. They also completed questionnaires measuring loneliness, individual performance, team conflict and unity. Winter temperatures at Concordia can reach -80°C, making it impossible to go outside without specialized gear. The station spends around four months in total darkness and its nearest neighbour is 560km away. Hivernauts have private sleeping quarters, but share their research and social space. As the winter progressed, the hivernauts reported increasing levels of loneliness and paranoia (妄想症), and rated their individual performance lower. Social interaction with crew mates did not help — close-range interactions related to worse ratings of group conflict and more paranoia. In normal organizations, more contact with colleagues is usually good for well-being. “But it seems that in this restricted environment it is exactly the opposite,” explained Jan Schmutz, an author of the study. He suspects the difference may arise from a lack of privacy. “We humans are deeply social creatures, but also there are boundaries.” Though Antarctic researchers are psychologically screened before heading south, there are still examples of tensions boiling over. Earlier this year a South Korean researcher was evacuated from the Jang Bogo research station after threatening colleagues with a knife. In 2018 a Russian engineer at another Antarctic base attacked a colleague after he revealed the endings of several books. The latest study focused on a single crew over a single winter but its results will hold lessons for long-duration space missions. Dr Schmutz thinks that soft skills like teamwork and conflict management should form a larger part of pre-mission training. That way more researchers may return from their terms with the joyous fellowship of the Artemis crew. 1．What’s Antarctic scientists’ attitude to astronauts’ comments? A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Uninterested. 2．What is the key discovery of the Concordia-based study? A．Excessive closeness leads to the loss of privacy. B．Long-term close contact harms people’s mental state. C．Loneliness and paranoia remain in complete darkness. D．More interaction helps improve teamwork in cold areas. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Strict mental tests for Antarctic workers. B．Violent conflicts among polar researchers. C．Hidden causes of quarrels in isolated bases. D．Effective ways to stop fights at research stations. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To present the study value and practical advice. B．To prove short-term cooperation brings harmony. C．To compare the training of polar and space crews. D．To highlight the importance of pre-mission training. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一项发表在PNAS上的研究：科研人员以南极康科迪亚站的越冬工作人员为研究对象，发现在封闭隔绝的极端环境中，长期近距离的社交互动会反转正常社交的益处，加剧孤独、偏执等负面心理，该研究结论也能为长期太空任务的人员筹备提供参考。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists overwintering in Antarctic research stations might greet such statements with a collective eye-roll and a suggestion that the astronauts try ten months together, as opposed to ten days.(在南极科考站越冬的科学家们听到这类表述可能会集体翻白眼，并建议宇航员试试一起生活十个月，而非十天。)”可推知，南极科学家认为宇航员仅十天的相处经历得出的结论缺乏说服力，对其言论持怀疑态度。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“As the winter progressed, the hivernauts reported increasing levels of loneliness and paranoia (妄想症), and rated their individual performance lower. Social interaction with crew mates did not help — close-range interactions related to worse ratings of group conflict and more paranoia.(随着冬季推移，越冬者的孤独感与偏执感不断上升，对自身个人表现的评价也更低。与队友的社交互动并无助益——近距离接触反而对应着更严重的团队冲突评分与更强的偏执感)”可知，在极端受限的南极环境中，长期密切接触无法改善心理健康，还会加剧团队矛盾与偏执情绪，意在说明长期密切接触会损害人们的心理状态。 3．主旨大意题。第五段首句“Though Antarctic researchers are psychologically screened before heading south, there are still examples of tensions boiling over.(尽管南极科考人员前往南极前会接受心理筛查，但依然出现过矛盾爆发的事例。)”为该段主旨句，指出尽管有心理筛查，但冲突仍会发生；随后列举了韩国研究员持刀威胁同事以及俄罗斯工程师因被剧透书籍结局而攻击同事的事件。由此可知，整段旨在通过具体事例说明极地研究人员之间曾发生暴力冲突。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The latest study focused on a single crew over a single winter but its results will hold lessons for long-duration space missions. Dr Schmutz thinks that soft skills like teamwork and conflict management should form a larger part of pre-mission training.(这项最新研究虽然只关注了一个团队在一个冬季的情况，但其结果将为长期太空任务提供经验教训。施穆茨博士认为，团队合作和冲突管理等软技能应在任务前培训中占更大比重。)”可推知，本段的写作目的是点明该研究的应用价值，并给出对应的实践建议。 Passage 6 In a world that values speed, “Slow Reading” is becoming increasingly popular. Equipped with all kinds of digital devices, most of us get used to skimming online texts: we hunt for key words rapidly yet ignore the hidden meanings behind lines. Psychologists remind us that such reading habit damages our cognitive (认知的) patience, which refers to our capacity to analyze complicated thoughts for a long time. According to Dr. Wolf, our brains are not born to read. Unlike speech, reading is a skill the brain must learn. Digital reading encourages a “Fast-shaped” pattern, where we look for the main points and skip the rest. A recent study compared two groups of students. One group read a long story on an e-reader, while the second group read the same story in a printed book. The result was telling: those who read the physical book had a much better understanding of the plot’s timeline and emotional depth. It appears that the physical act of turning pages serves as a support for the memory. However, the modern environment is designed to disrupt this focus. Constant notifications (通知) and the ease of clicking a new link prevent the brain from entering a state of “deep reading”. This prevents the reader from making personal connections with the text, leaving them with only a surface-level understanding of the information. To rediscover the joy of reading, experts suggest a “digital diet”. This involves setting aside thirty minutes a day to read a physical book without any electronic distractions. By slowing down, we allow our brains to rebuild the neural pathways necessary for critical thinking and empathy. In the end, reading slowly is not about wasting time, but about reclaiming our minds. 1．What trouble does skimming online cause to readers? A．The reliance on digital devices. B．The decline of reading efficiency. C．The absence of cognitive capacity. D．The decrease of deep thinking ability. 2．What can we learn from the study? A．Long stories are unsuitable for e-readers. B．Digital devices can show a story’s emotions. C．Physical reading improves memory of stories. D．E-book readers have a clearer sense of time order. 3．What do experts suggest to improve our reading ability? A．Scanning pages for more key words. B．Reading on e-readers more frequently. C．Spending more time on physical reading. D．Setting up more digital links for information. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Slow Reading: Regain Control of Our Minds B．Skimming: A Popular Way of Digital Reading C．Screen Reading: Barriers to Deep Comprehension D．Digital Diet: A Method to Restore Reading Ability 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】文章主要说明了在追求速度的时代，网络快速浏览削弱人们深度思考能力。研究证实纸质阅读理解效果更佳，专家建议远离电子干扰进行慢阅读，以此重建思辨与共情能力，掌控自己的思维。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Psychologists remind us that such reading habit damages our cognitive (认知的) patience, which refers to our capacity to analyze complicated thoughts for a long time.(心理学家提醒我们，这种阅读习惯会损害我们的认知耐心，即长时间分析复杂思维的能力)”可知，在线浏览会导致读者深度思考能力的下降。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The result was telling: those who read the physical book had a much better understanding of the plot’s timeline and emotional depth. It appears that the physical act of turning pages serves as a support for the memory.(结果显而易见：阅读实体书的人对情节的时间线和情感深度理解得更加透彻。看来，翻页这一物理行为有助于记忆的巩固)”可知，实体阅读能提高对故事的记忆力。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“To rediscover the joy of reading, experts suggest a “digital diet”. This involves setting aside thirty minutes a day to read a physical book without any electronic distractions.(专家建议，要重新找回阅读的乐趣，可以采用一种“数字节食”，即每天抽出30分钟，专心阅读实体书本，避免任何电子干扰)”可知，专家建议我们增加进行有意识阅读的时间。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“To rediscover the joy of reading, experts suggest a “digital diet”. This involves setting aside thirty minutes a day to read a physical book without any electronic distractions. By slowing down, we allow our brains to rebuild the neural pathways necessary for critical thinking and empathy. In the end, reading slowly is not about wasting time, but about reclaiming our minds.(专家建议，要重新找回阅读的乐趣，可以采用一种“数字饮食”方式。这指的是每天抽出三十分钟，专心阅读实体书本，避免任何电子干扰。通过放慢节奏，我们让大脑重建出批判性思维和同理心所需的神经通路。归根结底，慢读并非浪费时间，而是重新掌控自己的思想)”结合文章主要说明了在追求速度的时代，网络快速浏览削弱人们深度思考能力。研究证实纸质阅读理解效果更佳，专家建议远离电子干扰进行慢阅读，以此重建思辨与共情能力，掌控自己的思维。可知，A选项“慢速阅读：重新掌控我们的思维”最符合文章标题。 Passage 7 Digital technology, ranging from smartphones and laptops to learning apps and AI tools, can effectively assist students’ studies and daily lives. However, uncontrolled use produces numerous negative impacts. It distracts students’ attention, shortens sleep time, reduces physical activity and weakens independent learning skills. Importantly, these problems stem from improper usage rather than the technology itself. Unregulated technology use greatly lowers students’ learning efficiency and quality. Classroom distraction stands out as the most common issue. According to OECD’s PISA research, 30 percent of students get distracted by digital devices during most math lessons, which leads to poorer academic performance. To make matters worse, many students depend heavily on online search results and AI answers. They abandon key steps for deep learning, including careful reading, independent thinking, problem analysis and mistake correction. As a result, although their homework appears finished, they fail to build solid, in-depth knowledge. According to a 2025 CDC (疾控中心) report, excessive screen time does great harm to teenagers’ physical and mental health. Late-night gaming and social media use can seriously affect teenagers’ sleep. Meanwhile, prolonged screen use takes up time for outdoor sports, walking and daily exercise, leaving students in poor physical condition. In addition, social media exposes teenagers to peer comparison and the fear of missing out, causing invisible mental pressure. A 2025 CDC analysis also proves that too much non-school screen time is closely associated with teenagers’ poor sleep, lack of exercise and negative mental states. Thankfully, students can avoid these risks by developing scientific daily routines. Before studying, they need to keep phones away from desks, turn off distracting notifications and use only essential digital tools. Before bedtime, they should quit all online entertainment by a fixed time and charge their phones outside the bedroom. It is also advisable to finish exercise and housework before enjoying screen time. Instead of rejecting technology completely, proper management enables technology to better support students’ learning and healthy growth. 1．What does the word “unregulated” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Unprotected. B．Unfinished. C．Uncontrolled. D．Unchanged. 2．What can we infer from the 2025 CDC analysis? A．Social media use reduces teenagers’ mental stress. B．Outdoor exercise removes screen-caused harms. C．Staying up late mainly leads to poor health. D．Off-school screen time brings about health problems. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards digital technology? A．Objective. B．Supporting. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Long screen time harms teens’ bodies and minds. B．Proper digital use brings teens great benefits. C．Digital tools are widely used in teens’ study. D．Digital technology brings harm yet solutions exist. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文主要讲的是数字技术有益于学生，但不加管控地使用会严重影响学业与身心健康，我们可以通过科学规划日常作息、规范使用电子设备，让科技发挥正面作用。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Digital technology, ranging from smartphones and laptops to learning apps and AI tools, can effectively assist students’ studies and daily lives. However, uncontrolled use produces numerous negative impacts.(数字技术涵盖智能手机、笔记本电脑、学习软件以及人工智能工具等，能够切实助力学生的学习与日常生活。但不加节制地使用，会产生诸多负面影响。)”可知，不加节制地使用数字技术会产生诸多负面影响，因此推断划线词所在句子表达的是“不加管控地使用电子产品，会大幅降低学生的学习效率与学习质量”，Unregulated的意思是“未受控制的，无管理的”，和Uncontrolled意思相近。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“A 2025 CDC analysis also proves that too much non-school screen time is closely associated with teenagers’ poor sleep, lack of exercise and negative mental states.(2025年CDC的一项分析还证实，过多的非学校屏幕时间与青少年睡眠质量差、缺乏锻炼以及负面心理状态密切相关。)”可知，从2025年疾控中心的分析中我们可以得出的结论是课外屏幕时间会导致健康问题。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Digital technology, ranging from smartphones and laptops to learning apps and AI tools, can effectively assist students’ studies and daily lives. However, uncontrolled use produces numerous negative impacts. It distracts students’ attention, shortens sleep time, reduces physical activity and weakens independent learning skills.(数字技术涵盖智能手机、笔记本电脑、学习应用程序以及人工智能工具，能够高效辅助学生的学习与日常生活。然而，毫无节制地使用数字设备会带来诸多负面影响：分散学生注意力、压缩睡眠时间、减少体育锻炼，还会削弱自主学习能力。)”可知，作者客观描述数字技术的好处和坏处，因此态度是客观的。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“However, uncontrolled use produces numerous negative impacts. It distracts students’ attention, shortens sleep time, reduces physical activity and weakens independent learning skills.(然而，毫无节制地使用数字设备会带来诸多负面影响：分散学生注意力、压缩睡眠时间、减少体育锻炼，还会削弱自主学习能力。)”和最后一段“Thankfully, students can avoid these risks by developing scientific daily routines. Before studying, they need to keep phones away from desks, turn off distracting notifications and use only essential digital tools. Before bedtime, they should quit all online entertainment by a fixed time and charge their phones outside the bedroom. It is also advisable to finish exercise and housework before enjoying screen time. Instead of rejecting technology completely, proper management enables technology to better support students’ learning and healthy growth.(所幸，学生们可以通过养成科学的日常作息来规避这些隐患。学习前，要将手机远离书桌，关闭容易让人分心的消息推送，只使用必不可少的数码工具。睡前，应当在固定时间停止一切线上娱乐活动，并把手机放到卧室外充电。另外，建议先完成运动和家务，再使用电子设备。我们不必彻底排斥数字技术，合理管控才能让它更好地助力学生学习与身心健康成长。)”可知，本文主要讲的是数字技术有益于学生，但不加管控地使用会严重影响学业与身心健康，我们可以通过科学规划日常作息、规范使用电子设备，让科技发挥正面作用，因此主旨是D选项“Digital technology brings harm yet solutions exist.(数字技术虽带来危害，但已有解决方案。)”。 Passage 8 New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called a TQ, or technology quotient. Think of it like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and assimilate technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 1．What is TQ according to the text? A．Ability to apply new technologies. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Speed of learning new languages. 2．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who often uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 3．What does the underlined word “assimilate” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Rely on. B．Take in. C．Benefit from. D．Learn about. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? B．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? C．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? D．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了科技商数（TQ）的概念、现实应用场景，阐述了在科技无处不在的新时代，TQ正逐步和IQ、EQ结合，成为影响人们生活、工作与学习的重要能力指标。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段内容“Think of it like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet.(想象一下，这就像一种超能力，能让你轻松理解那些曾被我们的曾祖父母觉得根本不可能实现的最新科技。拥有高TQ意味着你特别擅长使用那些尚未为大众所知的酷炫新事物。)”以及第三段内容“TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations.(科技商数（TQ）旨在量化我们合理运用现有技术，以及快速适应、接纳并利用未来创新成果的能力。)”可知，拥有TQ的人能轻松理解并擅长使用新事物，这样的人能快速适应，接纳并利用未来创新成果，即TQ指的是运用新技术的能力。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段内容“And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan.(对于临床工作者而言，它可能是人工智能辅助CT扫描分析的相关应用。)”可知，借助人工智能辅助分析CT扫描的医生符合高TQ的特征。 3．词义猜测题。根据第四段内容画线单词所在句“The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and assimilate technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future.(随着我们快速走向未来，孩子和老师理解、接纳并assimilate技术的能力将是他们生活的一个决定性方面。)”可知，“understand (理解)”“embrace (接纳)”与“assimilate”为并列关系；结合语境和常识可推知，对于新技术的学习和使用过程应是“理解→接纳→吸收、内化运用”；故猜测“assimilate”应表示“吸收、掌握”，选项B“take in”有“吸收、理解”之意，与之意思相近。 4．主旨大意题。文章第二段内容“Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called a TQ, or technology quotient.(有些人特别擅长使用各种层出不穷的酷炫新工具，他们有一种叫做“技术智商”（TQ）的能力。)”提出了文章的核心话题“技术商数（TQ）”，同时通过阅读文章内容可知，文章围绕TQ的定义、现实价值展开，介绍了TQ作为和IQ、EQ并列的新能力指标的重要性，核心是阐释TQ成为新的智力衡量维度的原因。C项“What Makes TQ the New Intelligence?(为何科技商数（TQ）会成为一种新型智力衡量指标？)”贴合主题。 Passage 9 Have you ever been surfing the Internet only to come across content that seems engineered to make you angry? If so, you may have fallen victim to “rage bait (愤怒诱饵),” a term named as Oxford’s word of the year. The word “rage bait” saw its usage increased sharply throughout 2025. For social media influencers, posting content intended to annoy people is not wise, yet it often boosts engagement and income. Algorithms (算法) are also used to tailor the content we see to what we are likely to interact with, which isn’t necessarily something pleasant. “If we see a cat, we’re like ‘Oh, that’s cute’ and that’s all,” marketing podcaster Andréa Jones explained, “But if we see someone doing something annoying, we may type in ‘This is terrible,’ and that sort of comment is seen as a high-quality engagement by the algorithm.” Why is rage bait so effective? For one thing, we tend to pay more attention to a situation that has caused anger than one that has created happiness since action needs to be taken to resolve an issue, while happiness suggests that everything is OK. For another, typically, we used to have some breaks from anything, or anyone, that caused us a feeling of rage. This would give us an opportunity to calm down and reflect on what had happened. However, with the popularity of social media, we can post content and immediately get a reply, non-stop 24 hours a day so that it can feel like we no longer have that escape. Then, how can we cope with rage bait? An awareness of the motivations behind these posts is a good place to start. Knowing that many posts are designed to drive engagement helps us reclaim our power over those interactions. In addition, we can influence and shape social media through both what we choose to engage with, or not engage with. The more we avoid engaging with any content that causes rage in us, the less it will be presented to us. 1．Which of the following might be “rage bait”? A．A news report about a local festival. B．A photo of a snow-capped mountain. C．A video featuring famous musicians’ performance. D．A post claiming simple exercises cure all diseases. 2．What can be inferred from Andréa Jones’s remarks? A．Influencers usually avoid annoying content. B．Rage bait is replacing all positive content. C．Positive posts are never interacted with. D．Algorithms may reward rage bait. 3．What do the underlined words “that escape” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The emergence of rage bait. B．The chance to reply immediately. C．A break from anger-causing content. D．Continuous exposure to social media. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Happiness: A Forgotten Online Feeling B．Algorithms: The Hidden Rules of the Internet C．Rage Bait: Why It Works and How to Resist It D．Engineered Anger: How Word of the Year Appeared 【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文探讨了“愤怒诱饵”这一现象背后的算法机制、心理成因及应对策略。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever been surfing the Internet only to come across content that seems engineered to make you angry? If so, you may have fallen victim to “rage bait (愤怒诱饵),” a term named as Oxford’s word of the year.(你是否曾在网上冲浪时偶遇那些似乎刻意激怒你的内容？如果是，你可能遭遇了“愤怒诱饵”，这个词被称作牛津年度词汇。)”可知，“愤怒诱饵”是指那些为了激起人们愤怒而设计的内容。选项D“一篇声称简单运动能治愈所有疾病的帖子”属于虚假或荒谬的言论，容易引发读者的愤怒和争议，符合“愤怒诱饵”的特征。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段中Andréa Jones解释的“‘But if we see someone doing something annoying, we may type in ‘This is terrible,’ and that sort of comment is seen as a high-quality engagement by the algorithm.’(但如果我们看到有人做恼人的事，我们可能会评论‘这太糟糕了’，而这种评论被算法视为高质量互动)”可知，引发愤怒的内容会促使人们发表评论，而算法会将这些互动判定为高质量互动，从而增加此类内容的推送。由此可推断出算法机制在变相奖励那些引发愤怒的内容。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“For another, typically, we used to have some breaks from anything, or anyone, that caused us a feeling of rage. This would give us an opportunity to calm down and reflect on what had happened.(另一方面，通常情况下，我们过去会从引起愤怒的任何事情或任何人那里休息一下。这将给我们一个机会冷静下来，反思发生了什么。)”和画线词前的“we can post content and immediately get a reply, non-stop 24 hours a day(我们可以发布内容并立即得到回复，一天24小时不间断)”可知，现在我们发布内容能够得到不间断的即时回应，那就不可能有休息和反思的机会，由此可推知，that escape指的是从引发愤怒的人或事物中暂时抽离休息的机会。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章首先引入“愤怒诱饵”的话题，接着在第二段分析了其有效的算法原因，第三段从心理学角度分析了其生效的心理原因，最后一段提出了应对“愤怒诱饵”的方法。C选项“Rage Bait: Why It Works and How to Resist It(愤怒诱饵：为何有效及如何抵御)”最适合作本文标题。 Passage 10 Forests across the world are breaking into smaller pieces because of farming, cities, roads, and dams. These small patches are called forest remnants (残余). For many years, scientists believed that only large forests could support many species. Smaller patches were seen as weak and unable to support much life. This idea came from the “island theory”. Scientists treated each forest patch like an island. Bigger patches could support more species, while smaller and separated patches could not. This view focused only on size and distance. But this idea ignored what surrounds these forest patches. Birds and animals do not live separately. They move, search for food, and interact with the landscape around them. This means the area outside the forest also plays a key role. The land around a forest patch is called the matrix (基质). This can include farms, grasslands, water, or scattered trees. Birds must travel through this space to move between forest areas. The quality of this land affects how easily they can survive. If the matrix has trees and vegetation, birds can move safely and find food. If the area is open or filled with water, movement becomes risky. This can lead to fewer species surviving in those patches. A new study shows that the matrix plays a much bigger role than scientists once thought. Improving the surrounding land can help even small forest patches support many bird species. Forest patches surrounded by trees supported more bird species than those surrounded by open areas. Even a small increase in tree cover made a big difference. This finding is important because it shows that people can improve biodiversity without increasing forest size. By adding trees and improving nearby land, even small forests can become rich habitats. “I hope the finding will inform more effective land-use policy and encourage governments and landowners to invest in wildlife-friendly farming practices that support both biodiversity and agricultural productivity,” noted Dr. Chase Mendenhall from Slippery Rock University. 1．What can we learn about the traditional “island theory” in paragraph 2? A．It overestimated small patches. B．It valued the harmony of nature. C．It focused on land quality over size. D．It overlooked the impact of settings. 2．What can be inferred about the matrix in paragraph 3? A．It blocks birds’ movement. B．It limits birds’ food sources. C．It is related to species’ survival. D．It mainly provides water for forests. 3．What conclusion can be drawn from the new study in paragraph 4? A．Better surroundings boost biodiversity. B．Small patches are helpless for bird species. C．Forest size matters most for biodiversity. D．Open areas are better than tree-covered ones. 4．What is Dr. Chase Mendenhall’s attitude towards the new finding? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Conservative. D．Critical. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文介绍传统岛屿理论对森林斑块的认知局限，探究森林周边基质环境对物种存活的影响，阐述新研究成果及其生态保护价值。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But this idea ignored what surrounds these forest patches.(但这一观点忽视了森林斑块周边的环境。)”可知，传统的“岛屿理论”忽略了森林所处的外部环境的影响。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The land around a forest patch is called the matrix (基质).(森林斑块周围的土地被称为基质。)以及“The quality of this land affects how easily they can survive.(这片土地的质量影响动物的存活难易程度。)”可知，基质环境和物种生存息息相关。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Improving the surrounding land can help even small forest patches support many bird species.(改善周边环境能够让小型森林斑块孕育更多鸟类物种。)”可知，优良的周边环境能够提升生物多样性。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中Dr. Chase Mendenhall的话““I hope the finding will inform more effective land-use policy and encourage governments and landowners to invest in wildlife-friendly farming practices that support both biodiversity and agricultural productivity,”(我希望这一研究成果能助力制定更完善的土地利用政策，推动政府与土地所有者推行利于野生动物的耕作模式，兼顾生物多样性与农业产能。)”可知，博士对该研究发现持乐观态度。 Passage 11 A new study from Tel Aviv University (TAU) has found that the smartphones we all carry in our pockets could help collect weather data from the public to provide early warnings for wildfires and other extreme weather conditions. Professor Colin Price from TAU used data collected from the global public via the WeatherSignal app to develop a methodology for assessing wildfire risk. All smartphones are equipped with multiple micro-sensors capable of collecting important environmental data, such as temperature, humidity (湿度), light, location, and more. These data can warn us when the battery overheats or the device absorbs moisture (水分) — all in real time. Today, millions or even billions of data points are collected worldwide every day by our smartphones. Early warning systems in remote forested areas typically lack data due to the absence of weather stations in remote locations. The public, however, take their smartphones everywhere, with each phone containing micro-sensors that operate continuously in the background. One key factor determining the likelihood of a wildfire is the moisture content in vegetation (植被), which, in turn, is determined by the temperature and relative humidity of the surrounding air. Both of them can be easily obtained from the public’s smartphones. But smartphone data do contain errors. The temperature might be influenced by the air-conditioners, while the humidity sensor might identify moisture when the user is taking a shower. Fortunately, researchers say the huge amount of data collected from smartphones allow us to remove abnormal data, and this procedure turned out to be relatively straightforward. The researchers analyzed two major wildfire events: fires in Israel in November 2016 and the massive fire in Portugal in July 2013. The results were surprising, with smartphone data showing significant abnormal signs before and during these major fires. “Given the rapid increase in the number of smartphones worldwide, we propose making efficient use of this data source to provide better early warnings to the public and disaster managers about natural disasters,” Professor Price concludes. 1．What can the smartphone data be used for according to the study? A．Finding a solution to climate change. B．Identifying where the fire has occurred. C．Supporting early warnings for water crisis. D．Forecasting wildfire and weather disasters. 2．What can be inferred about the smartphone data from paragraph 3? A．It is difficult to be used globally. B．It can be applied to a broader range. C．It is unavailable in remote areas. D．It is more accurate than weather report. 3．Why are there errors in the collected data? A．It is easily affected by the environment. B．The electronic data itself is unstable. C．The technical procedure is too complicated. D．It is influenced by the people around. 4．Why does the author mention “the massive fire in Portugal”? A．To show the frequency of abnormal signs. B．To introduce a severe wildfire. C．To prove the usefulness of smartphone data. D．To explain the cause of the fire. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】文章主要介绍一项新研究，智能手机内置传感器可收集环境气象数据，能够助力野火与极端天气预警，同时数据存在误差但可修正，实例也证实该数据具备实用价值。 1．细节理解题。根据原文第一段“A new study from Tel Aviv University (TAU) has found that the smartphones we all carry in our pockets could help collect weather data from the public to provide early warnings for wildfires and other extreme weather conditions.(特拉维夫大学的一项新研究发现，我们随身携带的智能手机有助于收集公众气象数据，为野火以及其他极端天气灾害提供预警。)”可知，手机数据可以预测野火与气象灾害。 2．推理判断题。根据原文第三段“Today, millions or even billions of data points are collected worldwide every day by our smartphones.(如今，全球范围内每天都会通过手机收集数以百万乃至数十亿条数据信息。)”可知，手机数据能够被大范围运用。 3．细节理解题。根据原文第四段“The temperature might be influenced by the air-conditioners, while the humidity sensor might identify moisture when the user is taking a shower.(温度数值可能会受到空调影响，用户洗澡时湿度传感器也会检测到水汽。)”可知，收集的数据容易受到外界环境干扰，进而产生误差。 4．推理判断题。根据原文第五段“The researchers analyzed two major wildfire events: fires in Israel in November 2016 and the massive fire in Portugal in July 2013. The results were surprising, with smartphone data showing significant abnormal signs before and during these major fires.(研究人员分析了两起重大野火事件：2016年11月以色列的火灾，以及2013年7月葡萄牙的特大火灾。研究结果令人意外，手机数据在两场重大火灾发生前夕以及火灾期间都显现出明显异常迹象。)”可知，列举葡萄牙大火案例是为了佐证手机数据具备实际效用。 Passage 12 Nature possesses an extraordinary healing (治愈的) power that ought not to be underestimated. The “20-minute in the park” theory points out that simply devoting 20 minutes to staying in a park can effectively refresh people’s exhausted minds after long hours of study or work. But have you ever wondered what qualifications are required to become a nature therapist (疗愈师)? Li Jing, a 55-year-old professional, is a typical practitioner in this emerging yet meaningful occupation. In 2019, Li accidentally came across online courses on forest therapy. Fueled by her profound passion for nature and psychology, she signed up without hesitation. After over half a year of professional theoretical study and practical training, she obtained a certificate issued by the Chinese Society of Forestry (CSF) and launched her career as a nature therapist in 2021. This occupation was officially included in the national occupational classification system in 2022. Unlike casual, aimless walks, forest therapy provides a carefully structured and systematic experience, making it far more effective at reducing stress. Li specializes in forest bathing — a traditional practice that engages all five senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. This method helps individuals escape daily pressure and attain profound relaxation. She usually surveys the forest at least three times beforehand to ensure a quiet environment free from urban noise, with diverse trees that ease mental tiredness and boost their mood. Furthermore, she makes individualized healing plans to meet people’s unique needs. Li once worked with a young woman troubled by overthinking and excessive self-criticism, leaving her anxious. During the therapy session, Li asked her to cover her eyes, keep silent and walk through the forest. “It was magical,” she recalled. “As I walked quietly, touching tree trunks and embracing nature’s beauty, I gradually calmed down.” Inspired by the positive feedback from her clients, Li has relocated to Yunnan Province, aiming to explore more primitive forests and develop innovative therapy courses in the near future. 1．What can we learn from the “20-minute in the park” theory? A．Nature contributes to reducing mental pressure. B．Short breaks improve work efficiency greatly. C．People rely heavily on nature to cure diseases. D．Outdoor activities benefit physical health most. 2．What motivated Li to take up forest therapy training? A．The timely encouragement from the CSF. B．Her enthusiasm for nature and psychology. C．The official recognition of the occupation. D．Her former academic training in psychology. 3．What advantage does forest therapy have over ordinary walks? A．Its strict inspection and safety guarantee. B．Its peaceful natural environment free of noise. C．Its systematic design and full use of five senses. D．Its combination of physical exercise and relaxation. 4．What is a characteristic of Li’s job? A．Boosting creative thinking. B．Offering personalized plans. C．Prioritizing physical recovery. D．Spreading psychology knowledge. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 【导语】文章主要说明了自然有强大治愈力，李静因热爱投身森林疗愈师行业，该职业已成正式工种，她依托系统化疗法并定制方案助人减压，还计划赴云南研发新课程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“The “20-minute in the park” theory points out that simply devoting 20 minutes to staying in a park can effectively refresh people’s exhausted minds after long hours of study or work.(“在公园停留20分钟”这一理论指出，只需将20分钟用于在公园内停留，就能有效缓解人们长时间学习或工作后疲惫的大脑状态)”可知，“在公园散步20分钟”这一理论告诉我们自然环境有助于减轻精神压力。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Fueled by her profound passion for nature and psychology, she signed up without hesitation.(由于她对自然和心理学有着深厚的热情，所以她毫不犹豫地报名参加了)”可知，促使李参加森林疗法培训的原因是她对自然和心理学的热爱。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Unlike casual, aimless walks, forest therapy provides a carefully structured and systematic experience, making it far more effective at reducing stress.(与随意漫无目的地散步不同，森林疗法提供的是一个精心规划且系统化的体验，因此在减轻压力方面效果要好得多)”可知，森林疗法因为其有系统的规划，并充分调动了人的五种感官。 4．细节理解题。根据第五段“Furthermore, she makes individualized healing plans to meet people’s unique needs.(此外，她会根据每个人的具体情况制定个性化的康复计划，以满足他们的特殊需求)”可知，李的工作提供个性化方案。 Passage 13 I remember the day when I decided to spring-clean children’s old artwork. I dropped their misshapen pottery into the trash can. But the crash that followed stirred up complex feelings, including guilt. Even if you’re not a total saver, sentimental clutter — those objects loaded with emotional memories — can really get a hold on you. “It’s not the stuff that we love; it’s the people attached to it,” explains Matt Paxton, a professional decluttering expert. This insight, simple yet meaningful, helps explain why we struggle to part with seemingly useless items. The psychological burden of letting go often originates from a fear of losing the very memories we treasured. The hardest belongings to release are those inherited from late family and friends. Paxton recommends creating a “legacy (遗产) list” of your five most important sentimental possessions and sharing their stories. “Once you lean in to stories, the item isn’t as important anymore because you’ve celebrated that person,” he argues. A client who had kept her grandfather’s fishing tool for decades finally let it go, after telling her family the story of patience, laughter and the afternoon spent fishing. The good silverware is never used. The leather-bound Shakespeare editions collect dust. “Aspirational clutter reflects the life we imagine we should be living rather than the one we’re actually living,” says Seung-McFarland, a consultant in the psychology of design. Think about: Does this object support your priorities, goals and tastes? You may decide the crystal candlesticks used only at occasions actually do matter, but the silver plates taking up space don’t. Photographing anything special before donating or trashing it is much easier to let go while keeping feelings it contains. And you might give each family member a private “treasure box” for their own keepsakes (纪念品), or upcycle the hand-me-downs into something that fits your style. Streamlining without tears isn’t about forgetting, but making room for what truly counts now. Memories actually live within us, not within the objects. 1．Why does the author mention her experience of dropping her kids’ pottery? A．To set the stage for sentimental clutter. B．To show the necessity of spring-cleaning. C．To illustrate improper disposal of old artwork. D．To argue the difficulty of keeping children’s old artwork. 2．What is the benefit of making a “legacy list” and sharing the stories? A．Raising old items’ value. B．Memorizing more adventures. C．Enriching daily communication. D．Getting rid of keepsakes more easily. 3．The underlined words “aspirational clutter” in paragraph 4 refer to objects that ________. A．hold the strongest emotional memories B．are quite invaluable but take up much space C．represent an ideal lifestyle but are rarely used D．are handed down from relatives who are no longer alive 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How to Let Go of Sentimental Old Items B．How to Lead a Relaxing Life with Simple Habits C．How to Keep Sweet Memories Hidden in Old Items D．How to Reuse Old Belongings in Creative New Ways 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．A 【导语】主要说明了人们难舍饱含回忆的旧物，根源是害怕遗失美好记忆，文中给出梳理清单、拍照留存、改造利用等方法，教人释怀断舍离，明白回忆存于内心而非物品。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“I remember the day when I decided to spring-clean children’s old artwork. I dropped their misshapen pottery into the trash can. But the crash that followed stirred up complex feelings, including guilt. Even if you’re not a total saver, sentimental clutter — those objects loaded with emotional memories — can really get a hold on you.(我记得那一次，我决定把孩子们的旧作品清理一番。我把那些形状不规则的陶器扔进了垃圾桶。随之而来的碰撞声却引发了复杂的情感，其中包括内疚感。即便你并非一个极度爱惜物品的人，那些承载着情感记忆的物品也会深深地吸引住你)”可知，作者提及清理孩子制作陶艺的经历以此来营造一种充满情感的杂乱氛围。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The hardest belongings to release are those inherited from late family and friends. Paxton recommends creating a “legacy (遗产) list” of your five most important sentimental possessions and sharing their stories. “Once you lean in to stories, the item isn’t as important anymore because you’ve celebrated that person,” he argues. A client who had kept her grandfather’s fishing tool for decades finally let it go, after telling her family the story of patience, laughter and the afternoon spent fishing.(最难舍弃的物品往往是那些从已故亲友那里继承来的物件。帕克斯顿建议制定一份“遗产清单”，列出你认为最重要的五件具有情感价值的物品，并讲述它们的故事。他指出：“一旦你沉浸于这些故事之中，那么这些物品就不再那么重要了，因为你已经纪念了那个人。”有一位客户将祖父的钓鱼工具保存了数十年，但在向家人讲述耐心、欢笑以及那个钓鱼的下午的故事后，最终还是把它送人了)”可知，创建“遗物清单”并分享相关故事更容易地处理掉这些纪念品。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The good silverware is never used. The leather-bound Shakespeare editions collect dust.(那些精美的银质餐具从不使用。那套皮面装订的莎士比亚作品集也一直积满灰尘)”可知，“Aspirational clutter”指的是那些象征着理想生活方式但很少使用的物品。 4．主旨大意题。根据第二段““It’s not the stuff that we love; it’s the people attached to it,” explains Matt Paxton, a professional decluttering expert. This insight, simple yet meaningful, helps explain why we struggle to part with seemingly useless items. The psychological burden of letting go often originates from a fear of losing the very memories we treasured.(“我们舍不得的并非物品本身，而是与之相关的那些人。”专业整理专家马特·帕克斯顿这样解释道。这一见解虽简单却意义深远，它有助于解释为何我们难以舍弃那些看似毫无用处的物品。放手所带来的心理压力往往源于一种对失去那些我们珍视的回忆的恐惧)”结合文章主要说明了人们难舍饱含回忆的旧物，根源是害怕遗失美好记忆，文中给出梳理清单、拍照留存、改造利用等方法，教人释怀断舍离，明白回忆存于内心而非物品。可知，A选项“如何摆脱那些充满感情色彩的旧物件”最符合文章标题。 Passage 14 Buildings today consume about 40% of all energy produced worldwide. And over a quarter of a building’s energy is lost through today’s glass windows. In the winter they let heat out, while in the summer they let the sun’s heat in. “To block heat exchange, you can put a lot of insulation (隔热材料) in your walls, but windows need to be transparent (透明的),” said Ivan I. Smalyukh, a professor of physics at CU Boulder. “Finding insulators that are transparent is really challenging.” Researchers have made smart windows that change their features to offer energy efficiency. To keep things transparent, some teams have made clear window coatings from beer waste and by layering many thin films made of common materials. Smalyukh and his colleagues, meanwhile, have in the past made clear gel films from wood cellulose nanofibers. Those aerogels contained randomly spread air pockets that block heat. Their latest material, reported in the journal Science, is a silicone-based gel. The material, which they call Mesoporous Optically Clear Heat Insulator, or MOCHI, contains precisely arranged pockets of air that are much thinner than a human hair. The researchers make it by mixing surfactants (表面活性剂) in a liquid silicone solution. The surfactants join to each other to form a complicated pipelike network, and the silicone sticks to the outside of these structures. Then the researchers wash away the surfactant and water, and replace them with air. MOCHI is 90% air, and it allows more than 99% of light falling on it to pass through. Its thermal transmittance-which measures how much heat is lost through a window for every degree of temperature difference between the inside and outside-beats conventional windows by a large amount. While the best commercial windows have a transmittance of 0.2 W/(m²·K), the new material has 0.01 W/(m²·K). The materials used to make MOCHI are relatively low-cost, but transforming them into the final material in the lab is far from efficient. Smalyukh reflects that the gap between a promising material and a practical one often lies not in what it is made of, but in how it is made. When asked about the next steps, he said simply, “We’re still asking the right questions.” 1．What does the problem mentioned by Smalyukh in Paragraph 1 suggest? A．Walls need more insulation to save energy. B．Transparent heat blockers are hard to develop. C．Glass windows cause 40% of global energy loss. D．Smart windows have solved the energy problem. 2．Why are surfactants used in MOCHI? A．To fill the network with 90% air quickly. B．To form a basic structure for attachment. C．To help the film stick to the window surface. D．To make the material thinner than human hair. 3．What does the new material’s thermal transmittance show? A．Strong heat blocking. B．Great transparency.C．High content of air. D．Light weight. 4．What would the researchers work on next? A．Marketing MOCHI to residents. B．Testing MOCHI in real buildings soon. C．Replacing cheaper materials for MOCHI. D．Improving MOCHI’s producing methods. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】文章主要说明了建筑窗户能耗损耗严重，科研人员研发出新型透明隔热材料 MOCHI，透光强、隔热效果极佳，原料成本低，但制作效率不足，团队后续将优化生产工艺。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Finding insulators that are transparent is really challenging. (找到透明的绝缘体确实是一项极具挑战性的任务。)”可知，第1段中斯马柳克所提到的问题暗示了透明的隔热材料难以研发出来。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The surfactants join to each other to form a complicated pipelike network, and the silicone sticks to the outside of these structures. (表面活性剂相互结合，形成一个复杂的管状网络结构，而硅酮则附着在这些结构的外部。)”可知，在MOCHI中使用表面活性剂是为了形成用于附着的基础结构。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“MOCHI is 90% air, and it allows more than 99% of light falling on it to pass through. Its thermal transmittance-which measures how much heat is lost through a window for every degree of temperature difference between the inside and outside-beats conventional windows by a large amount. While the best commercial windows have a transmittance of 0.2 W/(m²·K), the new material has 0.01 W/(m²·K). (这种MOCHI材料九成成分为空气，能透过99%以上的入射光线。其传热系数用于衡量室内外每相差一度时窗户散失的热量，隔热性能远超传统窗户。市面上最优商用窗户热传导系数为0.2瓦/(平方米·开尔文)，而这款新材料仅为0.01瓦/(平方米·开尔文)。)”可知，这种新材料有强大的隔热效果。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The materials used to make MOCHI are relatively low-cost, but transforming them into the final material in the lab is far from efficient. (制作MOCHI所用的材料成本相对较低，但将其在实验室中转化为最终成品的过程却远非高效。)”可知，研究人员接下来会优化MOCHI的生产方法。 Passage 15 Currently, scientists have to dig lots of holes to study the soil. This process is time-consuming and damages its structure, making results less accurate. To solve this problem, a team of soil experts created the Earth Rover programme. They use seismology — a technology typically used to study earthquakes — to gauge soil for the first time. This means they can get precise information about soil conditions without digging. They call their method “soilsmology”. Scientists place a piece of metal on the ground, strike it with a hammer (锤子) and analyze the waves that travel through the soil. These waves bounce back from hard surfaces like rocks or compacted (压实的) earth. They also travel through spaces made by earthworms (蚯蚓) and microorganisms. This creates a detailed map of what lies beneath the surface. The waves are also affected by how dry the soil is, so the method can detect when crops need more water or when organic matter is needed. “Soil is one of our most precious resources”, says soil scientist Prof Simon Jeffery. “Nearly all the food we eat comes from soil.” Yet poor farming practices, together with climate change, have damaged soils worldwide. Crop yields in some regions are expected to drop by 50%. One major problem is that farmers lack detailed information about their land. Soil conditions can change from meter to meter within the same field, but these differences are invisible from the surface. As a result, farmers often treat whole fields the same way, which harms wildlife and wastes money. Peter Mosongo, a soil scientist in Kenya, says this new technology could be life-changing. He recalls a farmer near Mount Kenya who had never tested his soil because labs were too far away. With soilsmology, farmers can learn exactly what their soil needs, increase crop yields, and reduce flood risk. Soil forms very slowly — it can take 500 years to build just one centimeter. Yet that same soil can wash away in a single afternoon. If we run out of soil, we run out of food. 1．What does the underlined word “gauge” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Replace. B．Measure. C．Compare. D．Record. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The origin of the soilsmology. B．The role of waves in detection. C．The mechanism of soilsmology. D．The limitation of traditional methods. 3．Why is lacking detailed soil information a problem for farmers? A．They cannot afford soil testing labs. B．They have to travel far for soil tests. C．They are unaware of how to treat fields. D．They miss hidden differences in their land. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Soil damage cannot be predicted. B．Soil forms faster in warmer climates. C．Soil protection is essential for survival. D．Soil loss is a slow and natural process. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种名为“soilsmology（土壤震测学）”的新技术，该技术利用地震学原理来探测土壤，无需挖掘即可获取精确的土壤信息，对农业生产和土壤保护具有重要意义。 1．词句猜测题。 根据第一段中的“This process is time-consuming and damages its structure, making results less accurate. To solve this problem, a team of soil experts created the Earth Rover programme. They use seismology — a technology typically used to study earthquakes — to gauge soil for the first time. This means they can get precise information about soil conditions without digging.(这个过程耗时且破坏结构，导致结果不够准确。为了解决这个问题，一组土壤专家创建了‘地球漫游者’项目。他们利用通常用于研究地震的地震学技术，首次对土壤进行gauge。这意味着他们无需挖掘就能获得关于土壤状况的精确信息。)”可知，新方法是为了解决旧方法（挖掘）的弊端，并能获取精确的土壤信息，因此“gauge”在此处意为“测量”。 2．主旨大意题。 根据第二段“Scientists place a piece of metal on the ground, strike it with a hammer (锤子) and analyze the waves that travel through the soil. These waves bounce back from hard surfaces like rocks or compacted (压实的) earth. They also travel through spaces made by earthworms (蚯蚓) and microorganisms. This creates a detailed map of what lies beneath the surface. The waves are also affected by how dry the soil is, so the method can detect when crops need more water or when organic matter is needed.(科学家们将一块金属板放置在地面上，用锤子敲击它，并分析穿过土壤的波。这些波会从岩石或压实的土壤等坚硬表面反弹回来。它们也会穿过由蚯蚓和微生物创造的空隙。这就创建了一张地下情况的详细地图。波还会受到土壤干燥程度的影响，因此该方法可以检测出作物何时需要更多的水分或何时需要有机物。)”可知，整段都在解释这项新技术是如何运作的。 3．细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“Soil conditions can change from meter to meter within the same field, but these differences are invisible from the surface. As a result, farmers often treat whole fields the same way, which harms wildlife and wastes money.(在同一块田地中，土壤状况每隔几米就可能发生变化，但这些差异从地表是看不见的。因此，农民往往以同样的方式对待整块田地，这既伤害了野生动物，又浪费了金钱。)”可知，缺乏详细信息导致农民无法察觉土地内部的细微差异，从而进行不合理的统一管理。 4．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“Soil forms very slowly — it can take 500 years to build just one centimeter. Yet that same soil can wash away in a single afternoon. If we run out of soil, we run out of food.(土壤形成得非常缓慢——形成一厘米可能需要500年。然而，同样的土壤可能在短短一个下午就被冲走。如果我们耗尽了土壤，我们就耗尽了食物。)”可知，土壤形成极慢但流失极快，且是人类食物的基础，因此保护土壤对生存至关重要。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2027届高考英语一轮复习（浙江专用） 阅读理解说明文15篇 序号 核心内容总结 核心话题分类 1 一项长期追踪研究表明青少年时期良好的家庭关系，能够对成年后的社交能力产生积极长远影响。 家庭关系、社交成长 2 剖析塑料回收骗局，指出塑料回收无法根治塑料污染，想要彻底解决该问题，核心在于依靠政策管控、减少塑料源头生产。 生态治理、环保政策 3 介绍渔业副渔获（误捕海洋动物）的生态危害，对比多种减误捕方案的优劣，呼吁吸纳渔民参与解决方案制定，优化海洋渔业保护模式。 海洋生态、渔业保护 4 兰州大学科研团队研发eLUE模型，突破技术难点，实现陆地生态系统总初级生产力的精准遥感估算，为全球碳循环研究提供重要技术支撑。 科研创新、生态研究 5 全新基因研究颠覆人类单一起源传统观点，证实现代人类是由两支远古族群先分化、后融合演化形成，完善人类演化研究体系。 基因科研、人类演化 6 专项实验研究发现，推理能力越强的人工智能，在人机协作场景中越容易出现利己自私倾向，据此提出针对性的AI训练优化与监管改进方案。 人工智能、科技伦理 7 科研人员依托葡萄藤中的纤维素，研发出可快速降解、透明安全的新型环保包装薄膜，可有效替代一次性塑料，助力塑料污染治理。 材料创新、绿色环保 8 中国相关研究证实，使用塑料外卖容器盛放高温食物时，析出的有害化学物质会扰乱人体肠道菌群，损伤心肌，大幅增加心力衰竭的患病风险。 健康科普、生活安全 9 少年专项实验证实，蝴蝶幼虫阶段习得的记忆，可跨越变态发育过程保留，且能够遗传给下一代，刷新昆虫记忆遗传相关认知。 生物研究、自然规律 10 阐释人际交往规律，指出第一印象具有短暂易逝的特点，即便初次印象不佳，也可通过真诚沟通打造良好第二印象，有效改善人际关系。 人际交往、社会心理 11 详细介绍农业无人机的核心功能与独特全球推广路径，客观剖析其在现代农业应用中的优势、弊端及未来发展前景。 农业科技、智能应用 12 阐明社交联结对身心健康的积极作用，解读心理学“好感差距”阻碍新友谊建立的原理，提出简单真诚的行动方案助力搭建良好人际社交。 心理科普、社交健康 13 介绍森林地下由真菌菌丝构成的“树木万维网”，阐释树木借此互通信息、共享养分资源的生存模式，指出人类砍伐行为正在严重破坏这一地下生态网络。 森林生态、自然共生 14 指出现代农业过度耕作等高产生产方式，持续削弱土壤韧性、引发土壤退化问题，呼吁重视土壤长期健康，转变可持续的土地管理模式。 土壤保护、农业可持续 15 阐释企业内部文化冲突产生的三大核心成因，针对性给出冲突化解对策，论证合理管控的文化冲突可有效提升企业核心竞争力。 企业管理、文化建设 Passage 1 Researchers have long been interested in how humans and animals make decisions by focusing on trial-and-error behavior informed by recent information. However, the conventional frameworks for understanding these behaviors may overlook certain realities of decision-making because they assume we make the best decisions after taking into account our past experiences. One new study employs AI in innovative ways to better understand this process. By using tiny artificial neural networks, the researchers’ work illuminates in detail what drives an individual’s actual choices. “Instead of assuming how brains should learn in bettering our decisions, we developed an alternative approach to discover how individual brains actually learn to make decisions,” explains Mattar, a professor in New York University. “This approach functions like a detective, uncovering how decisions are actually made by animals and humans. By using tiny neural networks — small enough to be understood but powerful enough to catch complex behavior — we’ve discovered decision-making strategies that scientists have overlooked for decades.” “Large neural networks used in AI are very good at predicting things,” says Benna, a professor at UC San Diego’s School. “For example, they can predict which movie you would like to watch next. However, it is very challenging to describe simply what strategies these complex machine learning models employ to make their predictions — such as why they think you will like one movie more than another one. By training the simplest versions of these AI models to predict animals’ choices and analyzing their dynamics using methods from physics, we can throw light on their inner workings in more easily understandable terms.” Understanding how animals and humans learn from experience to make decisions is not only a primary goal in the sciences, but, more broadly, useful in the fields of business, government, and technology. However, existing models of this process, because they are aimed at describing optimal (最佳的) decision-making, often fail to get realistic behavior. “Just as studying individual differences in physical characteristics has revolutionized medicine, understanding individual differences in decision-making strategies could transform our approach to mental health and cognitive function,” concludes Mattar. 1．What can be inferred about traditional decision-making models? A．They are consistent with real-life decision behavior. B．They pay much attention to individual differences. C．They ignore choices that are not the best. D．They use AI-based methods. 2．What is special about the new study? A．Using tiny neural networks. B．Analyzing past experiences. C．Predicting movie preferences. D．Revisiting conventional frameworks. 3．What does Benna mean concerning large neural networks? A．They lack predictive accuracy. B．Their strategies are hard to interpret. C．They outperform tiny networks in research. D．They revolutionize decision-making studies. 4．What is Mattar’s attitude towards the new research? A．Cautiously skeptical. B．Indifferently neutral. C．Strongly supportive. D．Mildly critical. Passage 2 Recent studies in nutritional science emphasize that when we eat may be just as important as what we eat, particularly regarding our first meal of the day. The longstanding debate about breakfast timing has gained new scientific backing from research conducted at the University of California, San Francisco, published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism in January 2024. The UCSF study defined “early breakfast” as eating within two hours of waking, and “late breakfast” as eating more than four hours after waking. Researchers tracked metabolic markers in two groups of participants over a 12-week period. The findings revealed significant differences in how the body processed nutrients based on breakfast timing. Early breakfast eaters demonstrated improved insulin sensitivity, better blood sugar regulation throughout the day, and reduced inflammation markers. They also reported feeling more energetic and experiencing fewer food cravings. Late breakfast eaters, conversely, showed higher levels of cortisol in the morning, more difficulty regulating appetite, and a tendency to consume more calories later in the day, particularly in the evening. Dr. Sarah Mitchell, a nutritionist based in Chicago, emphasizes that while the findings are compelling, breakfast timing must be adapted to individual circumstances. Shift workers, people with medical conditions, and those with irregular schedules need to find patterns that work for their specific situations rather than following rigid guidelines. Dr. Mitchell offers practical advice for those whose routines don’t accommodate an early breakfast. She recommends having a light snack soon after waking, followed by a proper breakfast later, rather than skipping breakfast entirely. This approach helps stabilize blood sugar and prevents overeating later. Additionally, paying attention to the composition of breakfast — prioritizing protein and fiber over simple carbohydrates — can significantly improve the metabolic response. The message is clear: the breakfast debate extends beyond nutrients to include timing. Healthy eating isn’t merely about counting calories but also about synchronizing our food intake with our body’s natural rhythms. 1．What did the UCSF study primarily investigate? A．The nutritional value of different breakfast foods. B．The effect of breakfast timing on metabolism. C．The health risks of skipping breakfast. D．The relationship between breakfast and weight loss. 2．What benefit might early breakfast eaters experience? A．Increased cortisol levels. B．More frequent food cravings. C．Lower inflammation markers. D．Higher calorie consumption at night. 3．What advice does Dr. Mitchell give to late breakfast eaters? A．Skip breakfast to reduce calorie intake. B．Eat a small snack soon after waking. C．Consume only protein for breakfast. D．Have breakfast exactly two hours after waking. 4．What is the best title for this passage? A．Breakfast: The Most Important Meal of the Day. B．How Breakfast Timing Affects Your Health. C．The Role of Nutrition in Modern Life. D．Why You Should Never Skip Breakfast. Passage 3 Traditionally, deep strategic analysis required extensive financial support and massive data teams, giving wealthy footballing nations a distinct advantage. Smaller countries with limited budgets could rarely afford dedicated data scientists or custom analytics software, creating an unfair gap in competitive preparation. This imbalance will be largely erased at the 2026 FIFA World Cup, thanks to a full set of artificial intelligence tools co-developed by FIFA and its official tech partner Lenovo. The core of this AI revolution is Football AI Pro, a generative AI platform open free of charge to all 48 competing teams across Canada, Mexico and the United States. Powered by Lenovo’s advanced AI technology and built on FIFA’s tailored Football Language model, the platform processes hundreds of millions of data points from every match. It turns complicated athletic statistics into easy-to-digest outputs: written strategic summaries, highlight video clips, interactive charts and dynamic 3D field visualizations. Supporting over 15 human languages, the AI assistant lets coaches type natural-language questions before kickoff to study opposing teams’ patterns, and after games to fix their own team’s weak spots. To protect independent human coaching judgment, FIFA has set a strict rule: Football AI Pro cannot be used during live match play. FIFA’s innovation team stresses that artificial intelligence acts only as an assistant, never a replacement for human skill, judgment or creativity. The software can process endless match data, but it cannot copy a coach’s intuition, a referee’s sense of fair play, or a player’s spontaneous in-game brilliance. Looking ahead, the 2026 World Cup serves as a global blueprint for how AI can make top sports more equal. For decades, cutting-edge sports technology was a luxury reserved for well-funded top leagues and wealthy national teams. This tournament proves that intelligent data tools can be shared universally, letting talent — not financial power — decide which teams advance in the world’s biggest football competition. 1．Why is the AI platform developed? A．To bridge the divide. B．To maximize profits. C．To encourage creativity. D．To gain global popularity. 2．What can be learned about Football AI Pro from paragraph 3? A．It dominates live matches. B．It sets limits on language. C．It simplifies complex data. D．It determines human judgement. 3．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Limitations of AI platforms. B．Application of intelligent data tools. C．Prospect of top football teams. D．Significance of AI-based sports tech. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Football AI Pro: A Game Controller B．FIFA World Cup: A Highly Anticipated Event C．Football AI Pro: A Capable Assistant D．Football Language Model: A Charged Service Passage 4 Summer comes, and mosquitoes constantly buzz and bite, leaving red marks and ruining our sleep. To fight them, DEET (避蚊胺) is assumed to be the gold standard for preventing mosquito bites. Most researchers agree that a key part of its effectiveness is unpleasantness — the bugs just hate to be around it. However, some mosquitoes seem capable of overcoming their revulsion, leading to the theory that the insects might be getting used to the chemical. Claudio Lazzari at the University of Tours set out to investigate, by running a version of the experiments made famous by Ivan Pavlov in the late 1800s where dogs were conditioned to associate sounds with food. In those experiments, Pavlov routinely rang a signal bell and then immediately fed the dogs. Eventually, when he made the sounds but didn’t provide food, he found the animals still salivated (流口水), as they would before a meal. In his experiments, Dr Lazzari presented hungry mosquitoes with warm sheep’s blood while being exposed to a gentle breeze of ordinary air or of air blown past a piece of paper soaked in DEET. After many similar repeated experiments, the researchers then bravely presented their own hands to the insects. One hand was covered in DEET while the other was left untreated. To their frustration they watched as 60% of the mosquitoes that had been presented with blood while being exposed to DEET bit the hand coated in DEET. In contrast, all mosquitoes trained with ordinary air avoided it entirely. Dr Lazzari’s conditioning in the laboratory was important for the mosquitoes in developing their fondness for DEET. But the chances are good that a similar scene is taking place in the real world, where the effects of DEET typically weaken over time, especially when people are sweating or not applying enough of the stuff in the first place. In such circumstances, hungry mosquitoes are most likely to be able to tolerate the faint smell of DEET, bite a lightly protected person, begin connecting the smell with food and become more dangerous to those they encounter later in their lives. 1．What does the underlined word “revulsion” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Dislike. B．Fondness. C．Desire. D．Curiosity. 2．Why was Pavlov’s experiment mentioned? A．To prove DEET’s effect. B．To explain conditioning. C．To honor early biologists. D．To analyze animal behavior. 3．What can we learn about the research from paragraph 4? A．Sheep’s blood drove mosquitoes away. B．All mosquitoes weren’t thirsty for blood. C．Ordinary air fueled mosquitoes’ appetite. D．Most mosquitoes were conditioned to DEET. 4．Why does DEET sometimes fail to keep mosquitoes away? A．Sweat clears DEET completely. B．Mosquitoes associate it with food. C．Its smell grows stronger over time. D．Human blood weakens the chemical. Passage 5 After 10 days in space, the crew of Artemis II described their bond as inseparable. Scientists overwintering in Antarctic research stations might greet such statements with a collective eye-roll and a suggestion that the astronauts try ten months together, as opposed to ten days. Research published this week in PNAS shows how a winter in Antarctica can reverse the normal benefits of social interaction. The study followed 12 hivernauts (越冬者) based at Concordia over the course of their ten-month mission. As the hivernauts ran experiments, fixed machinery and shared meals, sensors recorded their closeness to each other. They also completed questionnaires measuring loneliness, individual performance, team conflict and unity. Winter temperatures at Concordia can reach -80°C, making it impossible to go outside without specialized gear. The station spends around four months in total darkness and its nearest neighbour is 560km away. Hivernauts have private sleeping quarters, but share their research and social space. As the winter progressed, the hivernauts reported increasing levels of loneliness and paranoia (妄想症), and rated their individual performance lower. Social interaction with crew mates did not help — close-range interactions related to worse ratings of group conflict and more paranoia. In normal organizations, more contact with colleagues is usually good for well-being. “But it seems that in this restricted environment it is exactly the opposite,” explained Jan Schmutz, an author of the study. He suspects the difference may arise from a lack of privacy. “We humans are deeply social creatures, but also there are boundaries.” Though Antarctic researchers are psychologically screened before heading south, there are still examples of tensions boiling over. Earlier this year a South Korean researcher was evacuated from the Jang Bogo research station after threatening colleagues with a knife. In 2018 a Russian engineer at another Antarctic base attacked a colleague after he revealed the endings of several books. The latest study focused on a single crew over a single winter but its results will hold lessons for long-duration space missions. Dr Schmutz thinks that soft skills like teamwork and conflict management should form a larger part of pre-mission training. That way more researchers may return from their terms with the joyous fellowship of the Artemis crew. 1．What’s Antarctic scientists’ attitude to astronauts’ comments? A．Tolerant. B．Doubtful. C．Approving. D．Uninterested. 2．What is the key discovery of the Concordia-based study? A．Excessive closeness leads to the loss of privacy. B．Long-term close contact harms people’s mental state. C．Loneliness and paranoia remain in complete darkness. D．More interaction helps improve teamwork in cold areas. 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Strict mental tests for Antarctic workers. B．Violent conflicts among polar researchers. C．Hidden causes of quarrels in isolated bases. D．Effective ways to stop fights at research stations. 4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph? A．To present the study value and practical advice. B．To prove short-term cooperation brings harmony. C．To compare the training of polar and space crews. D．To highlight the importance of pre-mission training. Passage 6 In a world that values speed, “Slow Reading” is becoming increasingly popular. Equipped with all kinds of digital devices, most of us get used to skimming online texts: we hunt for key words rapidly yet ignore the hidden meanings behind lines. Psychologists remind us that such reading habit damages our cognitive (认知的) patience, which refers to our capacity to analyze complicated thoughts for a long time. According to Dr. Wolf, our brains are not born to read. Unlike speech, reading is a skill the brain must learn. Digital reading encourages a “Fast-shaped” pattern, where we look for the main points and skip the rest. A recent study compared two groups of students. One group read a long story on an e-reader, while the second group read the same story in a printed book. The result was telling: those who read the physical book had a much better understanding of the plot’s timeline and emotional depth. It appears that the physical act of turning pages serves as a support for the memory. However, the modern environment is designed to disrupt this focus. Constant notifications (通知) and the ease of clicking a new link prevent the brain from entering a state of “deep reading”. This prevents the reader from making personal connections with the text, leaving them with only a surface-level understanding of the information. To rediscover the joy of reading, experts suggest a “digital diet”. This involves setting aside thirty minutes a day to read a physical book without any electronic distractions. By slowing down, we allow our brains to rebuild the neural pathways necessary for critical thinking and empathy. In the end, reading slowly is not about wasting time, but about reclaiming our minds. 1．What trouble does skimming online cause to readers? A．The reliance on digital devices. B．The decline of reading efficiency. C．The absence of cognitive capacity. D．The decrease of deep thinking ability. 2．What can we learn from the study? A．Long stories are unsuitable for e-readers. B．Digital devices can show a story’s emotions. C．Physical reading improves memory of stories. D．E-book readers have a clearer sense of time order. 3．What do experts suggest to improve our reading ability? A．Scanning pages for more key words. B．Reading on e-readers more frequently. C．Spending more time on physical reading. D．Setting up more digital links for information. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Slow Reading: Regain Control of Our Minds B．Skimming: A Popular Way of Digital Reading C．Screen Reading: Barriers to Deep Comprehension D．Digital Diet: A Method to Restore Reading Ability Passage 7 Digital technology, ranging from smartphones and laptops to learning apps and AI tools, can effectively assist students’ studies and daily lives. However, uncontrolled use produces numerous negative impacts. It distracts students’ attention, shortens sleep time, reduces physical activity and weakens independent learning skills. Importantly, these problems stem from improper usage rather than the technology itself. Unregulated technology use greatly lowers students’ learning efficiency and quality. Classroom distraction stands out as the most common issue. According to OECD’s PISA research, 30 percent of students get distracted by digital devices during most math lessons, which leads to poorer academic performance. To make matters worse, many students depend heavily on online search results and AI answers. They abandon key steps for deep learning, including careful reading, independent thinking, problem analysis and mistake correction. As a result, although their homework appears finished, they fail to build solid, in-depth knowledge. According to a 2025 CDC (疾控中心) report, excessive screen time does great harm to teenagers’ physical and mental health. Late-night gaming and social media use can seriously affect teenagers’ sleep. Meanwhile, prolonged screen use takes up time for outdoor sports, walking and daily exercise, leaving students in poor physical condition. In addition, social media exposes teenagers to peer comparison and the fear of missing out, causing invisible mental pressure. A 2025 CDC analysis also proves that too much non-school screen time is closely associated with teenagers’ poor sleep, lack of exercise and negative mental states. Thankfully, students can avoid these risks by developing scientific daily routines. Before studying, they need to keep phones away from desks, turn off distracting notifications and use only essential digital tools. Before bedtime, they should quit all online entertainment by a fixed time and charge their phones outside the bedroom. It is also advisable to finish exercise and housework before enjoying screen time. Instead of rejecting technology completely, proper management enables technology to better support students’ learning and healthy growth. 1．What does the word “unregulated” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Unprotected. B．Unfinished. C．Uncontrolled. D．Unchanged. 2．What can we infer from the 2025 CDC analysis? A．Social media use reduces teenagers’ mental stress. B．Outdoor exercise removes screen-caused harms. C．Staying up late mainly leads to poor health. D．Off-school screen time brings about health problems. 3．What is the author’s attitude towards digital technology? A．Objective. B．Supporting. C．Critical. D．Doubtful. 4．What is the main idea of the text? A．Long screen time harms teens’ bodies and minds. B．Proper digital use brings teens great benefits. C．Digital tools are widely used in teens’ study. D．Digital technology brings harm yet solutions exist. Passage 8 New era requires a new vocabulary. Will we still talk about the “mobile” phone when all phones are mobile, or when they are implanted within us? Technology is everywhere nowadays, especially at work. Some people are really good at using all the cool new tools that keep popping up. They have something called a TQ, or technology quotient. Think of it like a superpower for understanding the latest tech stuff that our great-grandparents would have found really impossible. Having a high TQ means you’re awesome at using all the cool new things that not everyone knows about yet. The examples are common and becoming more and more frequent. For the parent it might be a home-school video class. For the brand manager it might be search engine boosting. And for the clinician, it might be the role of artificial intelligence in supporting the analysis of a CT scan. TQ attempts to quantify our ability to make sensible use of current technologies and to quickly adapt, embrace and capitalize on future creations. This adoption is critical from a variety of perspectives, from social to business. One trip into the world of ChatGPT and we can see how the dynamics of AI and search are changing for just about everyone. Any Mom or Dad can understand the value of IQ and EQ in projecting the potential for a child’s success. But what about technology? The ability for the child and the teacher to understand, embrace and assimilate technology will be a defining aspect of their lives as we speed into the future. We are increasingly defined by technology and our active participation in everything from smart phones to Facebook. It might just be time for the basic human needs of food, water and shelter to incorporate technology too. And when that happens, it just might be a good idea to measure it. While this shift brings challenges, it’s unstoppable. As TQ rises, it will combine with IQ and EQ, reshaping how we live, work, and learn — turning adaptability with tech into a measurable edge. 1．What is TQ according to the text? A．Ability to apply new technologies. B．Skill of fixing high-tech products. C．Talent to follow modern changes. D．Speed of learning new languages. 2．Which of the following people has a high TQ? A．A manager who often uses modern search engines. B．A doctor who analyzes CT scans with AI assistance. C．A grandparent who finds new tech devices awkward. D．A mom who watches videos of her child’s school life. 3．What does the underlined word “assimilate” in the fourth paragraph mean? A．Rely on. B．Take in. C．Benefit from. D．Learn about. 4．What might be the best title for the passage? A．Why Are IQ and EQ Important for TQ? B．How Has TQ Changed in the Modern Era? C．What Makes TQ the New Intelligence? D．Where to Start Adapting to TQ Changes? Passage 9 Have you ever been surfing the Internet only to come across content that seems engineered to make you angry? If so, you may have fallen victim to “rage bait (愤怒诱饵),” a term named as Oxford’s word of the year. The word “rage bait” saw its usage increased sharply throughout 2025. For social media influencers, posting content intended to annoy people is not wise, yet it often boosts engagement and income. Algorithms (算法) are also used to tailor the content we see to what we are likely to interact with, which isn’t necessarily something pleasant. “If we see a cat, we’re like ‘Oh, that’s cute’ and that’s all,” marketing podcaster Andréa Jones explained, “But if we see someone doing something annoying, we may type in ‘This is terrible,’ and that sort of comment is seen as a high-quality engagement by the algorithm.” Why is rage bait so effective? For one thing, we tend to pay more attention to a situation that has caused anger than one that has created happiness since action needs to be taken to resolve an issue, while happiness suggests that everything is OK. For another, typically, we used to have some breaks from anything, or anyone, that caused us a feeling of rage. This would give us an opportunity to calm down and reflect on what had happened. However, with the popularity of social media, we can post content and immediately get a reply, non-stop 24 hours a day so that it can feel like we no longer have that escape. Then, how can we cope with rage bait? An awareness of the motivations behind these posts is a good place to start. Knowing that many posts are designed to drive engagement helps us reclaim our power over those interactions. In addition, we can influence and shape social media through both what we choose to engage with, or not engage with. The more we avoid engaging with any content that causes rage in us, the less it will be presented to us. 1．Which of the following might be “rage bait”? A．A news report about a local festival. B．A photo of a snow-capped mountain. C．A video featuring famous musicians’ performance. D．A post claiming simple exercises cure all diseases. 2．What can be inferred from Andréa Jones’s remarks? A．Influencers usually avoid annoying content. B．Rage bait is replacing all positive content. C．Positive posts are never interacted with. D．Algorithms may reward rage bait. 3．What do the underlined words “that escape” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The emergence of rage bait. B．The chance to reply immediately. C．A break from anger-causing content. D．Continuous exposure to social media. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．Happiness: A Forgotten Online Feeling B．Algorithms: The Hidden Rules of the Internet C．Rage Bait: Why It Works and How to Resist It D．Engineered Anger: How Word of the Year Appeared Passage 10 Forests across the world are breaking into smaller pieces because of farming, cities, roads, and dams. These small patches are called forest remnants (残余). For many years, scientists believed that only large forests could support many species. Smaller patches were seen as weak and unable to support much life. This idea came from the “island theory”. Scientists treated each forest patch like an island. Bigger patches could support more species, while smaller and separated patches could not. This view focused only on size and distance. But this idea ignored what surrounds these forest patches. Birds and animals do not live separately. They move, search for food, and interact with the landscape around them. This means the area outside the forest also plays a key role. The land around a forest patch is called the matrix (基质). This can include farms, grasslands, water, or scattered trees. Birds must travel through this space to move between forest areas. The quality of this land affects how easily they can survive. If the matrix has trees and vegetation, birds can move safely and find food. If the area is open or filled with water, movement becomes risky. This can lead to fewer species surviving in those patches. A new study shows that the matrix plays a much bigger role than scientists once thought. Improving the surrounding land can help even small forest patches support many bird species. Forest patches surrounded by trees supported more bird species than those surrounded by open areas. Even a small increase in tree cover made a big difference. This finding is important because it shows that people can improve biodiversity without increasing forest size. By adding trees and improving nearby land, even small forests can become rich habitats. “I hope the finding will inform more effective land-use policy and encourage governments and landowners to invest in wildlife-friendly farming practices that support both biodiversity and agricultural productivity,” noted Dr. Chase Mendenhall from Slippery Rock University. 1．What can we learn about the traditional “island theory” in paragraph 2? A．It overestimated small patches. B．It valued the harmony of nature. C．It focused on land quality over size. D．It overlooked the impact of settings. 2．What can be inferred about the matrix in paragraph 3? A．It blocks birds’ movement. B．It limits birds’ food sources. C．It is related to species’ survival. D．It mainly provides water for forests. 3．What conclusion can be drawn from the new study in paragraph 4? A．Better surroundings boost biodiversity. B．Small patches are helpless for bird species. C．Forest size matters most for biodiversity. D．Open areas are better than tree-covered ones. 4．What is Dr. Chase Mendenhall’s attitude towards the new finding? A．Skeptical. B．Optimistic. C．Conservative. D．Critical. Passage 11 A new study from Tel Aviv University (TAU) has found that the smartphones we all carry in our pockets could help collect weather data from the public to provide early warnings for wildfires and other extreme weather conditions. Professor Colin Price from TAU used data collected from the global public via the WeatherSignal app to develop a methodology for assessing wildfire risk. All smartphones are equipped with multiple micro-sensors capable of collecting important environmental data, such as temperature, humidity (湿度), light, location, and more. These data can warn us when the battery overheats or the device absorbs moisture (水分) — all in real time. Today, millions or even billions of data points are collected worldwide every day by our smartphones. Early warning systems in remote forested areas typically lack data due to the absence of weather stations in remote locations. The public, however, take their smartphones everywhere, with each phone containing micro-sensors that operate continuously in the background. One key factor determining the likelihood of a wildfire is the moisture content in vegetation (植被), which, in turn, is determined by the temperature and relative humidity of the surrounding air. Both of them can be easily obtained from the public’s smartphones. But smartphone data do contain errors. The temperature might be influenced by the air-conditioners, while the humidity sensor might identify moisture when the user is taking a shower. Fortunately, researchers say the huge amount of data collected from smartphones allow us to remove abnormal data, and this procedure turned out to be relatively straightforward. The researchers analyzed two major wildfire events: fires in Israel in November 2016 and the massive fire in Portugal in July 2013. The results were surprising, with smartphone data showing significant abnormal signs before and during these major fires. “Given the rapid increase in the number of smartphones worldwide, we propose making efficient use of this data source to provide better early warnings to the public and disaster managers about natural disasters,” Professor Price concludes. 1．What can the smartphone data be used for according to the study? A．Finding a solution to climate change. B．Identifying where the fire has occurred. C．Supporting early warnings for water crisis. D．Forecasting wildfire and weather disasters. 2．What can be inferred about the smartphone data from paragraph 3? A．It is difficult to be used globally. B．It can be applied to a broader range. C．It is unavailable in remote areas. D．It is more accurate than weather report. 3．Why are there errors in the collected data? A．It is easily affected by the environment. B．The electronic data itself is unstable. C．The technical procedure is too complicated. D．It is influenced by the people around. 4．Why does the author mention “the massive fire in Portugal”? A．To show the frequency of abnormal signs. B．To introduce a severe wildfire. C．To prove the usefulness of smartphone data. D．To explain the cause of the fire. Passage 12 Nature possesses an extraordinary healing (治愈的) power that ought not to be underestimated. The “20-minute in the park” theory points out that simply devoting 20 minutes to staying in a park can effectively refresh people’s exhausted minds after long hours of study or work. But have you ever wondered what qualifications are required to become a nature therapist (疗愈师)? Li Jing, a 55-year-old professional, is a typical practitioner in this emerging yet meaningful occupation. In 2019, Li accidentally came across online courses on forest therapy. Fueled by her profound passion for nature and psychology, she signed up without hesitation. After over half a year of professional theoretical study and practical training, she obtained a certificate issued by the Chinese Society of Forestry (CSF) and launched her career as a nature therapist in 2021. This occupation was officially included in the national occupational classification system in 2022. Unlike casual, aimless walks, forest therapy provides a carefully structured and systematic experience, making it far more effective at reducing stress. Li specializes in forest bathing — a traditional practice that engages all five senses: sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. This method helps individuals escape daily pressure and attain profound relaxation. She usually surveys the forest at least three times beforehand to ensure a quiet environment free from urban noise, with diverse trees that ease mental tiredness and boost their mood. Furthermore, she makes individualized healing plans to meet people’s unique needs. Li once worked with a young woman troubled by overthinking and excessive self-criticism, leaving her anxious. During the therapy session, Li asked her to cover her eyes, keep silent and walk through the forest. “It was magical,” she recalled. “As I walked quietly, touching tree trunks and embracing nature’s beauty, I gradually calmed down.” Inspired by the positive feedback from her clients, Li has relocated to Yunnan Province, aiming to explore more primitive forests and develop innovative therapy courses in the near future. 1．What can we learn from the “20-minute in the park” theory? A．Nature contributes to reducing mental pressure. B．Short breaks improve work efficiency greatly. C．People rely heavily on nature to cure diseases. D．Outdoor activities benefit physical health most. 2．What motivated Li to take up forest therapy training? A．The timely encouragement from the CSF. B．Her enthusiasm for nature and psychology. C．The official recognition of the occupation. D．Her former academic training in psychology. 3．What advantage does forest therapy have over ordinary walks? A．Its strict inspection and safety guarantee. B．Its peaceful natural environment free of noise. C．Its systematic design and full use of five senses. D．Its combination of physical exercise and relaxation. 4．What is a characteristic of Li’s job? A．Boosting creative thinking. B．Offering personalized plans. C．Prioritizing physical recovery. D．Spreading psychology knowledge. Passage 13 I remember the day when I decided to spring-clean children’s old artwork. I dropped their misshapen pottery into the trash can. But the crash that followed stirred up complex feelings, including guilt. Even if you’re not a total saver, sentimental clutter — those objects loaded with emotional memories — can really get a hold on you. “It’s not the stuff that we love; it’s the people attached to it,” explains Matt Paxton, a professional decluttering expert. This insight, simple yet meaningful, helps explain why we struggle to part with seemingly useless items. The psychological burden of letting go often originates from a fear of losing the very memories we treasured. The hardest belongings to release are those inherited from late family and friends. Paxton recommends creating a “legacy (遗产) list” of your five most important sentimental possessions and sharing their stories. “Once you lean in to stories, the item isn’t as important anymore because you’ve celebrated that person,” he argues. A client who had kept her grandfather’s fishing tool for decades finally let it go, after telling her family the story of patience, laughter and the afternoon spent fishing. The good silverware is never used. The leather-bound Shakespeare editions collect dust. “Aspirational clutter reflects the life we imagine we should be living rather than the one we’re actually living,” says Seung-McFarland, a consultant in the psychology of design. Think about: Does this object support your priorities, goals and tastes? You may decide the crystal candlesticks used only at occasions actually do matter, but the silver plates taking up space don’t. Photographing anything special before donating or trashing it is much easier to let go while keeping feelings it contains. And you might give each family member a private “treasure box” for their own keepsakes (纪念品), or upcycle the hand-me-downs into something that fits your style. Streamlining without tears isn’t about forgetting, but making room for what truly counts now. Memories actually live within us, not within the objects. 1．Why does the author mention her experience of dropping her kids’ pottery? A．To set the stage for sentimental clutter. B．To show the necessity of spring-cleaning. C．To illustrate improper disposal of old artwork. D．To argue the difficulty of keeping children’s old artwork. 2．What is the benefit of making a “legacy list” and sharing the stories? A．Raising old items’ value. B．Memorizing more adventures. C．Enriching daily communication. D．Getting rid of keepsakes more easily. 3．The underlined words “aspirational clutter” in paragraph 4 refer to objects that ________. A．hold the strongest emotional memories B．are quite invaluable but take up much space C．represent an ideal lifestyle but are rarely used D．are handed down from relatives who are no longer alive 4．Which of the following is the best title for the text? A．How to Let Go of Sentimental Old Items B．How to Lead a Relaxing Life with Simple Habits C．How to Keep Sweet Memories Hidden in Old Items D．How to Reuse Old Belongings in Creative New Ways Passage 14 Buildings today consume about 40% of all energy produced worldwide. And over a quarter of a building’s energy is lost through today’s glass windows. In the winter they let heat out, while in the summer they let the sun’s heat in. “To block heat exchange, you can put a lot of insulation (隔热材料) in your walls, but windows need to be transparent (透明的),” said Ivan I. Smalyukh, a professor of physics at CU Boulder. “Finding insulators that are transparent is really challenging.” Researchers have made smart windows that change their features to offer energy efficiency. To keep things transparent, some teams have made clear window coatings from beer waste and by layering many thin films made of common materials. Smalyukh and his colleagues, meanwhile, have in the past made clear gel films from wood cellulose nanofibers. Those aerogels contained randomly spread air pockets that block heat. Their latest material, reported in the journal Science, is a silicone-based gel. The material, which they call Mesoporous Optically Clear Heat Insulator, or MOCHI, contains precisely arranged pockets of air that are much thinner than a human hair. The researchers make it by mixing surfactants (表面活性剂) in a liquid silicone solution. The surfactants join to each other to form a complicated pipelike network, and the silicone sticks to the outside of these structures. Then the researchers wash away the surfactant and water, and replace them with air. MOCHI is 90% air, and it allows more than 99% of light falling on it to pass through. Its thermal transmittance-which measures how much heat is lost through a window for every degree of temperature difference between the inside and outside-beats conventional windows by a large amount. While the best commercial windows have a transmittance of 0.2 W/(m²·K), the new material has 0.01 W/(m²·K). The materials used to make MOCHI are relatively low-cost, but transforming them into the final material in the lab is far from efficient. Smalyukh reflects that the gap between a promising material and a practical one often lies not in what it is made of, but in how it is made. When asked about the next steps, he said simply, “We’re still asking the right questions.” 1．What does the problem mentioned by Smalyukh in Paragraph 1 suggest? A．Walls need more insulation to save energy. B．Transparent heat blockers are hard to develop. C．Glass windows cause 40% of global energy loss. D．Smart windows have solved the energy problem. 2．Why are surfactants used in MOCHI? A．To fill the network with 90% air quickly. B．To form a basic structure for attachment. C．To help the film stick to the window surface. D．To make the material thinner than human hair. 3．What does the new material’s thermal transmittance show? A．Strong heat blocking. B．Great transparency.C．High content of air. D．Light weight. 4．What would the researchers work on next? A．Marketing MOCHI to residents. B．Testing MOCHI in real buildings soon. C．Replacing cheaper materials for MOCHI. D．Improving MOCHI’s producing methods. Passage 15 Currently, scientists have to dig lots of holes to study the soil. This process is time-consuming and damages its structure, making results less accurate. To solve this problem, a team of soil experts created the Earth Rover programme. They use seismology — a technology typically used to study earthquakes — to gauge soil for the first time. This means they can get precise information about soil conditions without digging. They call their method “soilsmology”. Scientists place a piece of metal on the ground, strike it with a hammer (锤子) and analyze the waves that travel through the soil. These waves bounce back from hard surfaces like rocks or compacted (压实的) earth. They also travel through spaces made by earthworms (蚯蚓) and microorganisms. This creates a detailed map of what lies beneath the surface. The waves are also affected by how dry the soil is, so the method can detect when crops need more water or when organic matter is needed. “Soil is one of our most precious resources”, says soil scientist Prof Simon Jeffery. “Nearly all the food we eat comes from soil.” Yet poor farming practices, together with climate change, have damaged soils worldwide. Crop yields in some regions are expected to drop by 50%. One major problem is that farmers lack detailed information about their land. Soil conditions can change from meter to meter within the same field, but these differences are invisible from the surface. As a result, farmers often treat whole fields the same way, which harms wildlife and wastes money. Peter Mosongo, a soil scientist in Kenya, says this new technology could be life-changing. He recalls a farmer near Mount Kenya who had never tested his soil because labs were too far away. With soilsmology, farmers can learn exactly what their soil needs, increase crop yields, and reduce flood risk. Soil forms very slowly — it can take 500 years to build just one centimeter. Yet that same soil can wash away in a single afternoon. If we run out of soil, we run out of food. 1．What does the underlined word “gauge” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Replace. B．Measure. C．Compare. D．Record. 2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The origin of the soilsmology. B．The role of waves in detection. C．The mechanism of soilsmology. D．The limitation of traditional methods. 3．Why is lacking detailed soil information a problem for farmers? A．They cannot afford soil testing labs. B．They have to travel far for soil tests. C．They are unaware of how to treat fields. D．They miss hidden differences in their land. 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Soil damage cannot be predicted. B．Soil forms faster in warmer climates. C．Soil protection is essential for survival. D．Soil loss is a slow and natural process. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $