Unit 7 Feel the rhythm.语法讲练 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦人教版九上Unit 7定语从句，以掌握关系词选择与运用为目标，通过“定义与先行词—关系代词—关系副词—特殊情况—省略”五大板块系统精讲，结合对比表格、典型例题与分层演练，构建从理论到应用的完整学习路径。 亮点在于典型例题精讲与易错点警示结合，通过单项选择、句型转换等题型培养语言理解与表达能力，分层演练设计促进思维品质提升，答案与解析附后支持自学检测，为教师实施单元语法复习提供针对性强的教学支持。

人教版九上 Unit 7 Feel the rhythm.语法精讲精练 —— 定语从句(关系从句) —— 使用说明 定语从句(又称关系从句)是初中英语语法的重点和难点,也是中考必考考点。本讲义围绕「定义与先行词—关系代词—关系副词—只用that不用which的特殊情况—关系词的省略」五大板块展开系统精讲,配套对比表格、典型例题与分层演练,帮助学习者准确掌握关系词的选择与运用。练习题涵盖单项选择、关系词填空、句型转换、完成句子四大题型,答案与解析统一附于文末,便于自学与检测。 第一讲 知识精讲 一、定义与先行词 定语从句(关系从句)是由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出的修饰名词或代词的分句结构。定语从句通常置于它修饰的名词或代词之后,被修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词。 The girl who is standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我妹妹。(先行词 the girl,关系词 who) This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的书。(先行词 the book,关系词 that) 【注】定语从句的结构:先行词 + 关系词 + 从句(主语 + 谓语 + 其他)。关系词在从句中充当一定的句子成分。 二、关系代词 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或定语,常见的有 that, which, who, whom, whose。 关系代词 指代对象 从句中成分 例句 that 指人或物 主语 / 宾语 The man that is talking is my teacher. / The book that I bought is interesting. which 指物 主语 / 宾语 The car which is red belongs to Tom. / The pen which I lost was new. who 指人 主语 / 宾语 The boy who is playing football is my brother. whom 指人 宾语 The man whom you met just now is my uncle. whose 指人或物 定语(所属关系) The girl whose mother is a doctor studies hard. / The tree whose leaves are yellow is old. (一)that 的用法 that 既可指人也可指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时在非正式文体中常可省略。 The girl that is singing is my classmate. (that 指人,作主语) 正在唱歌的女孩是我同学。 The movie that we saw last night was wonderful. (that 指物,作宾语,可省略) 我们昨晚看的电影很精彩。 (二)which 的用法 which 只能指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可省略。 The house which stands on the hill is mine. (which 指物,作主语) 坐落在山上的房子是我的。 The letter which I received yesterday was from my pen pal. (which 指物,作宾语) 我昨天收到的信来自我的笔友。 (三)who 与 whom 的用法 who 指人,在从句中作主语或宾语(口语中可代替 whom 作宾语);whom 指人,在从句中只能作宾语,前面可带介词。 The man who is wearing a hat is a doctor. (who 指人,作主语) 戴帽子的那个人是医生。 The woman whom/who you saw at the meeting is our principal. (whom/who 指人,作宾语) 你在会上见到的那位女士是我们校长。 (四)whose 的用法 whose 指人或物,在从句中作定语,表示所属关系,意为「……的」。 I know the boy whose father is a policeman. (whose 指人,作定语) 我认识那个父亲是警察的男孩。 This is the house whose window was broken. (whose 指物,作定语) 这就是那扇窗户被打破的房子。 三、关系副词 关系副词在定语从句中充当状语,常见的有 where, when, why。 关系副词 先行词 从句中成分 相当于 例句 where 地点名词 地点状语 in/at/on + which This is the school where I studied. = This is the school in which I studied. when 时间名词 时间状语 in/on/at + which I still remember the day when we first met. = I still remember the day on which we first met. why reason 原因状语 for which Tell me the reason why you were late. = Tell me the reason for which you were late. (一)where 的用法 where 引导定语从句,先行词为地点名词,在从句中作地点状语。 This is the factory where my father works. 这是我父亲工作的工厂。 The hotel where we stayed was very comfortable. 我们住的酒店很舒适。 【易错警示】先行词是地点名词时,不一定都用 where。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,仍用 which/that。如:This is the factory which/that we visited yesterday.(visit 后缺宾语,用 which/that,不用 where) (二)when 的用法 when 引导定语从句,先行词为时间名词,在从句中作时间状语。 I will never forget the day when I joined the army. 我永远不会忘记我参军的那一天。 The time when we studied together is unforgettable. 我们一起学习的时光令人难忘。 (三)why 的用法 why 引导定语从句,先行词通常是 reason,在从句中作原因状语。 Tell me the reason why you were absent. 告诉我你缺席的原因。 I don't know the reason why he didn't come. 我不知道他没来的原因。 四、只用 that 不用 which 的特殊情况 当先行词是物时,that 和 which 通常可互换,但在以下特殊情况中只能用 that,不能用 which: 序号 特殊情况 例句 1 先行词为 all, everything, nothing, little, much 等不定代词时 Everything that he said is true. 2 先行词被 every, no, some, any, little, much 等修饰时 There is no person that is perfect. 3 先行词被 the only, the very, the last 等修饰时 This is the very book that I want. 4 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时 This is the best film that I have ever seen. 5 先行词既包括人又包括物时 The man and his dog that passed here were strange. 6 主句是以 which 或 who 开头的特殊疑问句时 Which is the book that you bought yesterday? 五、关系词的省略 在非正式文体中,关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词作主语时不可省略;关系副词 why 在口语中也可省略。 The book (that/which) I bought yesterday is interesting. (作宾语,可省略) 我昨天买的书很有趣。 The man (who/whom/that) you met just now is my teacher. (作宾语,可省略) 你刚才遇到的那个人是我老师。 The reason (why) he was late is unknown. (why 可省略) 他迟到的原因不明。 【易错警示】关系代词在从句中作主语时绝对不能省略!如:*The girl is standing there is my sister. 错误,必须加 who/that。 六、典型例题精讲 【例1】The man is talking to our teacher is my father. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 the man 指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who。which 指物,whom 作宾语,whose 作定语,均不符合,故选 B。 【例2】This is the best film I have ever seen. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 film 被最高级 the best 修饰,只能用 that 不能用 which,故选 C。 【例3】This is the school I studied ten years ago. A. which B. that C. where D. when 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 the school 是地点名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语(I studied in the school),用 where。which/that 在从句中需作主语或宾语,而从句不缺主宾,故选 C。 【例4】Do you know the girl mother is a doctor? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 the girl 指人,关系词在从句中作定语修饰 mother,表示所属关系,用 whose,故选 C。 【例5】All we need is enough time. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 all 是不定代词,只能用 that 不能用 which,故选 B。 七、易错点警示 【易错警示】先行词是地点名词时,用 where 还是 which/that 取决于关系词在从句中的成分:作状语用 where,作主/宾用 which/that。 【易错警示】先行词被最高级、序数词、the only/the very 修饰,或先行词是不定代词时,只能用 that,不能用 which。 【易错警示】关系代词作宾语时可省略,作主语时不可省略。判断是否作宾语的方法:去掉关系词后从句是否完整,完整则作宾语可省,不完整则作主语不可省。 【易错警示】whose 既可指人也可指物,表示所属关系,不要与 who's(who is 的缩写)混淆。 【易错警示】whom 在从句中只能作宾语,前面可带介词(如 with whom);口语中常用 who 代替 whom,但介词后只能用 whom。 第二讲 综合演练 一、单项选择(每小题1分,共15分) 1. The girl is singing on the stage is my cousin. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 2. This is the book I bought yesterday. A. who B. whom C. whose D. / 3. The house stands on the hill is very old. A. who B. which C. whom D. whose 4. Do you know the man son is a doctor? A. who B. whom C. whose D. which 5. This is the factory my father works. A. which B. that C. where D. when 6. I will never forget the day we first met. A. which B. that C. where D. when 7. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 8. Everything he said is true. A. Which B. that C. what D. who 9. The man you met at the station is my uncle. A. which B. whose C. whom D. what 10. This is the only answer is right. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 11. The school we visited last week is very famous. A. where B. which C. when D. whose 12. Tell me the reason you were late. A. which B. that C. why D. when 13. The woman is wearing a red dress is our new teacher. A. which B. who C. whom D. whose 14. The tree leaves are yellow is very tall. A. which B. that C. whose D. who 15. Who is the man is standing over there? A. which B. who C. that D. whom 二、用适当的关系词填空(每小题1分,共10分) 1. The boy is playing basketball is my brother. 2. The book I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 3. This is the school I studied when I was young. 4. The man car was broken called a policeman. 5. I still remember the day I first came to this city. 6. This is the best movie I have ever seen. 7. The girl you saw at the party is my sister. 8. Tell me the reason you didn't finish your homework. 9. All glitters is not gold. 10. The house window is broken belongs to Mr. Smith. 三、句型转换(合并为含定语从句的复合句,每小题2分,共10分) 1. The girl is my sister. She is standing under the tree. The girl standing under the tree is my sister. 2. I bought a book yesterday. The book is very interesting. The book I yesterday is very interesting. 3. This is the factory. My father works in the factory. This is the factory my father . 4. The man is a doctor. His daughter is my classmate. The man is my classmate is a doctor. 5. I will never forget the day. I joined the club on that day. I will never forget the day I the club. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子(每小题2分,共10分) 1. 正在跑步的那个男孩是我弟弟。 The boy running is my brother. 2. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。 This is the book I yesterday. 3. 我认识那个父亲是老师的女孩。 I know the girl is a teacher. 4. 这就是我工作过的工厂。 This is the factory I . 5. 他告诉我的一切都是真的。 that he told me is true. 第三讲 答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 the girl 指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who。 2. 【答案】D 【解析】先行词 the book 指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,可省略(that/which 均可,此处用 / 表示省略)。 3. 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 the house 指物,关系词在从句中作主语,用 which。 4. 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 the man 指人,关系词在从句中作定语修饰 son,表所属关系,用 whose。 5. 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 the factory 是地点名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用 where。 6. 【答案】D 【解析】先行词 the day 是时间名词,关系词在从句中作时间状语,用 when。 7. 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 book 被最高级 the most interesting 修饰,只能用 that。 8. 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 everything 是不定代词,只能用 that。 9. 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 the man 指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,用 whom(口语中也可用 who/that)。 10. 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 answer 被 the only 修饰,只能用 that。 11. 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 the school 是地点名词,但关系词在从句中作 visited 的宾语,用 which/that,不用 where。 12. 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 the reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语,用 why。 13. 【答案】B 【解析】先行词 the woman 指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who。 14. 【答案】C 【解析】先行词 the tree 指物,关系词在从句中作定语修饰 leaves,表所属关系,用 whose。 15. 【答案】C 【解析】主句是以 who 开头的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,关系代词用 that 不用 who。 二、用适当的关系词填空 1. 【答案】who/that 【解析】先行词 the boy 指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who/that。 2. 【答案】that/which/不填 【解析】先行词 the book 指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,用 that/which,可省略。 3. 【答案】where 【解析】先行词 the school 是地点名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用 where。 4. 【答案】whose 【解析】先行词 the man 指人,关系词在从句中作定语修饰 car,用 whose。 5. 【答案】when 【解析】先行词 the day 是时间名词,关系词在从句中作时间状语,用 when。 6. 【答案】that 【解析】先行词 movie 被最高级 the best 修饰,只能用 that。 7. 【答案】whom/who/that/不填 【解析】先行词 the girl 指人,关系词在从句中作宾语,用 whom/who/that,可省略。 8. 【答案】why 【解析】先行词 the reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语,用 why。 9. 【答案】that 【解析】先行词 all 是不定代词,只能用 that。 10. 【答案】whose 【解析】先行词 the house 指物,关系词在从句中作定语修饰 window,用 whose。 三、句型转换 1. 【答案】who/that is 【解析】合并为定语从句,先行词 the girl 指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who/that,谓语用 is。 2. 【答案】that/which; bought 【解析】合并为定语从句,先行词 the book 指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,用 that/which,时态用一般过去时 bought。 3. 【答案】where; works 【解析】合并为定语从句,先行词 the factory 是地点名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用 where,谓语用一般现在时 works。 4. 【答案】whose daughter 【解析】合并为定语从句,先行词 the man 指人,关系词在从句中作定语修饰 daughter,用 whose。 5. 【答案】when; joined 【解析】合并为定语从句,先行词 the day 是时间名词,关系词在从句中作时间状语,用 when,时态用一般过去时 joined。 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 【答案】who/that is 【解析】先行词 the boy 指人,关系词在从句中作主语,用 who/that,谓语用 is。 2. 【答案】that/which; bought 【解析】先行词 the book 指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,用 that/which,时态用一般过去时 bought。 3. 【答案】whose father 【解析】先行词 the girl 指人,关系词在从句中作定语修饰 father,用 whose。 4. 【答案】where; worked 【解析】先行词 the factory 是地点名词,关系词在从句中作地点状语,用 where,时态用一般过去时 worked。 5. 【答案】Everything 【解析】先行词为不定代词 everything,只能用 that 引导(that 已给出),句首用 Everything。 第 1 页 共 12 页 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $