Unit 5 Period 2 Using language（分层作业）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 该同步练习通过A/B/C组分层与高考链接设计，构建从词汇到语篇的渐进式知识巩固路径，适配新授课教学，强化语言能力与思维品质培养。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|核心词汇（短语翻译、单词拼写）、基础语法（单句语法填空）|聚焦语言能力基础，通过机械练习夯实单元重点词汇与基础语法| |B组能力进阶|语法综合应用（完成句子、语法填空）|从单一知识点到情境化表达，提升句型转换与语法结构运用能力| |C组思维拔高|语篇理解（阅读理解、七选五）|以科普语篇为载体，培养分析推断等思维品质，强化信息筛选与逻辑衔接| |拓展链接高考|高考真题（阅读、七选五）|对接高考题型，提升应试策略与学习能力，实现课内外知识迁移|

分层作业 Unit 5 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.在（或往）……下面______________ 2.支流；分支____________________ 3.山洞，洞穴____________________ 4.数据库；资料库_________________ 5．费用；报酬__________________ 6.较远，更远；进一步_____________ 7．事件；冲突_________________ 8．钉子；指甲____________________ 9．结果；效果_________________ 10．简陋的；落后的_________________ 11.土壤，土地_________________ 12．跟踪，追踪 ____________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Before I came near the rabbit, it had_______(逃跑) in a hurry. 2．We had never __ (经历) this kind of holiday before and had no idea what to expect. 3．Don’t put all the ____ (指责) on him; poor team communication was the real cause of the failure. 4．The ________ (乌龟) replied: “You may be as fast as the wind, but I will beat you in a race!” 5．His mother didn’t know that he had____________ (失去) his life in the war. 6．Pollution has become a serious and ________(世界性的)problem. 7．________ (徒步) in the national park allows you to explore scenic trails and fresh air. 8．We can’t ________ (作弊) in the exam if we really want to learn something. 9．________ (翻译) a poem from Chinese to English is very difficult because of cultural 三、单句语法填空。 1．She claimed that she (read) plenty of reference materials relevant to the controversial social phenomenon. 2. I (hope) to participate in the seminar, but I was tied up with a series of urgent meetings. 3．By the end of last autumn, the conservation workers (restore) dozens of ancient architectural relics. 4．When the journalist rushed to the spot, the witnesses (leave), leaving few useful clues. 5．I (intend) to submit my application ahead of the deadline, yet an unexpected emergency ruined my plan. 6．By the end of last semester, the sociology group (conduct) more than 500 face‑to‑face interviews. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．— Most travelers __________ (还没有) reached the station before the heavy rain arrived. — No wonder many of them missed their scheduled trains that day. 1． ________________ (公交车刚开走) when they rushed to the stop. 2． He told me that _________________ (他以前从没到过这么遥远的村子). 4．The news ________________________________________________（我们学校赢得了篮球锦标赛）excited every student. 5．The fact ________________ (他从未读过这本经典小说) surprised all his classmates. 五、语法填空 One of the most 1 (amaze) plants in the world is the Venus flytrap (捕蝇草). It is a small meat-eating plant 2 lives in wet places in North and South Carolina, USA．Unlike most plants that get nutrition from soil, this special plant can catch and eat small insects 3 (quick). The plant has two parts on the end of its leaf, which work like a small trap. When an insect touches the small hairs on the inside of the trap twice, the trap 4 (close) by the plant 5 less than a second. This stops the small insect from running away. Then the plant 6 (produce) a kind of special juice to break down the insect’s body. This juice is very 7 (power) and can digest the whole insect in just a few days. Scientists say that this plant developed this special ability because the soil it grows in has very few 8 (nutrient). Many people don’t know that the trap won’t close 9 the insect is too small. This is because the plant needs to get enough energy from the insect to make the whole process meaningful. Instead, it will wait for 10 (big) insects that can provide it with enough nutrition. After finishing the digestion, the plant will open its trap again, ready to wait for its next meal. 六．阅读理解 In many parts of the world, autumn brings cooler weather and a beautiful change — leaves on some trees turn from green to bright shades of yellow, orange, and red. But those colors are short-lived before leaves fall off their trees. Have you ever wondered why this happens? Itˈs all part of how the plants prepare for winter. Trees spend much of the year turning sunshine into food through photosynthesis (光合作用). This process relies on a green pigment (色素) in leaves called chlorophyll (叶绿素). But as autumn approaches, days get shorter and nights get colder. Plants can no longer make enough chlorophyll to keep their leaves green. Instead, they break down chlorophyll into smaller parts and then take them in. This saves energy because plants donˈt have to make chlorophyll from the very beginning when spring comes. When chlorophyll dies away, other pigments in the leaves start to show. These pigments not only create beautiful colors but also protect leaves from being eaten by insects or damaged by sunlight. At the same time, these trees stop putting effort into holding on to their leaves. Getting rid of their leaves can help trees keep water in their bodies over winter. It also allows strong winds to blow more easily through treesˈ branches, putting less stress on them. However, not all trees let go of their autumn leaves so easily. For example, some willows(柳树)may hold on to their leaves all winter. This can help protect their branches from hungry animals. Conifer trees(针叶树)likewise keep their needles year-round. Needles can bear the cold more easily than leaves do. So it costs conifers less energy to hang on to their needles than to remove and regrow them yearly. Have a close look at the trees outside your own window when the leaves change in autumn and fall to the ground. By collecting data on your local biodiversity, you can contribute to citizen science projects. Plus, spending time with nature can cheer you up — something many of us need as the days grow darker and colder. 1．What contributes to the leaves of some trees changing colors in autumn? A．Insects eating up the green pigments in leaves. B．The sunlight being not strong enough in autumn. C．Trees needing more energy to make new green pigments. D．Chlorophyll disappearing and other pigments appearing. 2．What is the advantage for trees to remove leaves for winter? A．It helps trees take in more sunlight easily. B．It makes trees grow new leaves quickly in spring. C．It protects branches from being eaten by animals. D．It helps trees keep water and reduce stress from winds. 3．What can we learn about conifer trees from the passage? A．They lose needles every autumn like other trees. B．Their needles canˈt stand cold winter weather. C．They keep needles all year round for energy saving. D．Keeping needles needs more energy than regrowing them. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．We can only enjoy autumn leaves by watching them. B．Getting close to nature improves mental health in autumn. C．Autumn days are bright and warm for people to go out. D．Citizen science projects only need data on autumn leaves. B A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots, but some varieties appear to have lost some of that ability, according to a Stanford-led study. With climate change intensifying droughts, the findings are vital for developing corn varieties with stronger adaptability. An essay, published in the journal Science, notes how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. “Plants are wise in the way they ‘see’ where water is in soil, and the genes (基因) that are responsible for that play an important role in helping the plant create a root system that is enhanced for efficient water uptake,” said Jose Dinneny, the study’s senior author and a professor of biology in Stanford’s School of Humanities and Sciences. The Dinneny lab had previously revealed the fine sensitivity of corn roots for spotting water, and further studies showed that this sensitivity heavily depended on the specific variety of corn. For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots, making it possible to analyze the responses of 250 corn varieties that reflect the genetic pool present in modern corn reproducing. They discovered that corn varieties adapting to grow in tropical (热带的) or subtropical areas like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapting to temperate (温带的) regions of North America frequently grew roots in many directions without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. This work was made possible through an international cooperation of several research groups. “Researchers need to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-adaptive root systems, but the findings highlight the importance of studying these localized responses at root tips,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies, a postdoctoral scholar in Dinneny’s lab. 5．Which of the following drives the research on more adaptable corns? A．Worsened soils. B．More severe droughts. C．Poorer water quality. D．Greater demand for corn. 6．What does paragraph 2 focus on about the research? A．Its procedure. B．Its significance. C．Its theoretical basis. D．Its practical value. 7．What can be inferred about corn varieties from temperate regions? A．They exhibit stronger drought resistance. B．They tend to grow roots deeper into the soil. C．They are genetically superior in water absorption. D．They are less efficient in adapting to water distribution. 8．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Farm Innovation: Corn Grown in Localized Soil B．Genetic Differences in Corn Varieties’ Root Growth C．Corn Roots: Adaptability and Genetic Insights in Drought D．New Methods in Researching Corn Root Water-Sensitivity 七、七选五 Many people enjoy having plants inside their homes, especially when it is cold outside. But sometimes houseplants need a little help. 1 They show discolored leaves, and their stems droop (下垂) — or no longer stand strong or tall. And there will be little or no growth. A good way to help renew tired houseplants is by giving them a plant “haircut.” In the gardening world, cutting back plants is called “pruning.” 2 Diana Alfuth is a gardening expert at the University of Wisconsin. She says pruning helps with shaping, removing dead matter, and keeping the plants from drooping. Pruning is also a way to start new plants. You can take the cuttings from pruning and grow new plants. 3 So is the timing of when you give them fertilizers — nutrients for growth. “Houseplants should not be fertilized during winter when days are short,” Alfuth said. “Fertilize in late winter as days get longer and plants wake up and will need fertilizer to put on growth during spring.” Watering plants too much is a leading cause of losing houseplants. So, be careful not to overwater. “Plants lose oxygen when they get too much water,” Pettinelli said. 4 Check to see if your plants’ roots are overgrown in the bottom of the pot. 5 But be sure the pots have holes cut in the bottoms so that extra water can get out. A．Pruning serves many needs. B．A houseplant’s diet is important. C．Especially the roots — they’ll drown. D．And they will not flower if they are hot. E．Pruning then results in strong new growth. F．If they are struggling, they will let you know. G．That means you should re-pot the plant in a new, larger pot. （2025·全国二卷·高考真题） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 1．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 2．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A．They appeal more to students. B．They purify the environment. C．They raise the cortisol level. D．They enhance productivity. 3．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A．The necessity of social skills. B．The meaning of sustainability. C．The importance of repeated efforts. D．The value of professional opinions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home B （2017·全国二卷·高考真题）When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 5．What does a plant do when it is under attack? A．It makes noises. B．It gets help from other plants. C．It stands quietly D．It sends out certain chemicals. 6．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A．The attackers get attacked. B．The insects gather under the table. C．The plants get ready to fight back. D．The perfumes attract natural enemies. 7．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________. A．predict natural disasters B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D．help their neighbors when necessary 8．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The world is changing faster than ever. B．People have stronger senses than before C．The world is more complex than it seems D．People in Darwin’s time were imaginative. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.在（或往）……下面______________ 2.支流；分支____________________ 3.山洞，洞穴____________________ 4.数据库；资料库_________________ 5．费用；报酬__________________ 6.较远，更远；进一步_____________ 7．事件；冲突_________________ 8．钉子；指甲____________________ 9．结果；效果_________________ 10．简陋的；落后的_________________ 11.土壤，土地_________________ 12．跟踪，追踪 ____________________ 【答案】 1．beneath 2．branch 3．cave 4．database 5．fee 6．further 7．incident 8．nail 9．outcome 10．primitive 11．soil 12．track 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．Before I came near the rabbit, it had_______(逃跑) in a hurry. 2．We had never __ (经历) this kind of holiday before and had no idea what to expect. 3．Don’t put all the ____ (指责) on him; poor team communication was the real cause of the failure. 4．The ________ (乌龟) replied: “You may be as fast as the wind, but I will beat you in a race!” 5．His mother didn’t know that he had____________ (失去) his life in the war. 6．Pollution has become a serious and ________(世界性的)problem. 7．________ (徒步) in the national park allows you to explore scenic trails and fresh air. 8．We can’t ________ (作弊) in the exam if we really want to learn something. 9．________ (翻译) a poem from Chinese to English is very difficult because of cultural 【答案】 1． fled 2．experienced 3. blame 4．tortoise 5. lost 6.worldwide 7.hiking 8.cheat 9.translating 三、单句语法填空。 1．She claimed that she (read) plenty of reference materials relevant to the controversial social phenomenon. 2. I (hope) to participate in the seminar, but I was tied up with a series of urgent meetings. 3．By the end of last autumn, the conservation workers (restore) dozens of ancient architectural relics. 4．When the journalist rushed to the spot, the witnesses (leave), leaving few useful clues. 5．I (intend) to submit my application ahead of the deadline, yet an unexpected emergency ruined my plan. 6．By the end of last semester, the sociology group (conduct) more than 500 face‑to‑face interviews. 【答案】 1．had read 2．had hoped 3．had restored 4．had left 5．had intended 6．had conducted 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．— Most travelers __________ (还没有) reached the station before the heavy rain arrived. — No wonder many of them missed their scheduled trains that day. 2． ________________ (公交车刚开走) when they rushed to the stop. 3． He told me that _________________ (他以前从没到过这么遥远的村子). 4．The news ________________________________________________（我们学校赢得了篮球锦标赛）excited every student. 5．The fact ________________ (他从未读过这本经典小说) surprised all his classmates. 答案：1．had not/hadn’t 2．The bus had just left/Hardly had the bus left 3．he had never been to such a remote village before 4．that our school had won the basketball championship 5．that he had never read this classic novel 五、语法填空 One of the most 1 (amaze) plants in the world is the Venus flytrap (捕蝇草). It is a small meat-eating plant 2 lives in wet places in North and South Carolina, USA．Unlike most plants that get nutrition from soil, this special plant can catch and eat small insects 3 (quick). The plant has two parts on the end of its leaf, which work like a small trap. When an insect touches the small hairs on the inside of the trap twice, the trap 4 (close) by the plant 5 less than a second. This stops the small insect from running away. Then the plant 6 (produce) a kind of special juice to break down the insect’s body. This juice is very 7 (power) and can digest the whole insect in just a few days. Scientists say that this plant developed this special ability because the soil it grows in has very few 8 (nutrient). Many people don’t know that the trap won’t close 9 the insect is too small. This is because the plant needs to get enough energy from the insect to make the whole process meaningful. Instead, it will wait for 10 (big) insects that can provide it with enough nutrition. After finishing the digestion, the plant will open its trap again, ready to wait for its next meal. 1．amazing 2．which/that 3．quickly 4．is closed 5．in 6．produces 7．powerful 8．nutrients 9．if 10．bigger 【导语】主要介绍了捕蝇草这种食肉植物的生存环境、捕虫原理以及进化出捕虫能力的原因。 【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：世界上最令人惊奇的植物之一是捕蝇草。此处修饰名词plants，要用形容词，amaze的形容词形式amazing表示“令人惊奇的”，用来描述事物的特征。 2．考查定语从句。句意：它是一种小型食肉植物，生长在美国北卡罗来纳州和南卡罗来纳州的潮湿地区。此处为关系词引导定语从句，先行词是plant，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that。 3．考查副词。句意：与大多数从土壤中获取营养的植物不同，这种特殊的植物可以快速捕捉并吃掉小昆虫。此处修饰动词catch and eat，要用副词形式，quick的副词形式为quickly。 4．考查动词时态、语态。句意：当昆虫两次碰到捕虫夹内侧的细小绒毛时，捕虫夹会在不到一秒的时间内被这株植物合上。此处为句子的谓语动词，the trap和close之间是被动关系，全文为一般现在时，陈述客观事实，所以此处为一般现在时被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is closed。 5．考查介词。句意：当昆虫两次碰到捕虫夹内侧的细小绒毛时，捕虫夹会在不到一秒的时间内被这株植物合上。此处为固定搭配in less than a second，意为“在不到一秒的时间内”，所以此处为介词in。 6．考查动词时态。句意：然后这种植物会产生一种特殊的汁液来分解昆虫的躯体。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语the plant是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为produces。 7．考查形容词。句意：这种汁液威力很大，仅用几天就可以消化掉整只昆虫。此处作表语，要用形容词，power的形容词形式powerful意为“强大的，威力大的”。 8．考查名词复数。句意：科学家称，这种植物进化出这项特殊能力是因为它所生长的土壤中营养物质很少。few后接可数名词复数，nutrient为可数名词，复数形式为nutrients。 9．考查状语从句。句意：很多人不知道，如果昆虫太小，捕虫夹就不会合上。此处为连词引导条件状语从句，结合句意表示“如果”，所以用连词if。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：相反，它会等待体型更大、能够为它提供充足营养的昆虫。结合上下文，此处暗含和太小的昆虫作对比，要用形容词比较级，big的比较级为bigger。 六．阅读理解 In many parts of the world, autumn brings cooler weather and a beautiful change — leaves on some trees turn from green to bright shades of yellow, orange, and red. But those colors are short-lived before leaves fall off their trees. Have you ever wondered why this happens? Itˈs all part of how the plants prepare for winter. Trees spend much of the year turning sunshine into food through photosynthesis (光合作用). This process relies on a green pigment (色素) in leaves called chlorophyll (叶绿素). But as autumn approaches, days get shorter and nights get colder. Plants can no longer make enough chlorophyll to keep their leaves green. Instead, they break down chlorophyll into smaller parts and then take them in. This saves energy because plants donˈt have to make chlorophyll from the very beginning when spring comes. When chlorophyll dies away, other pigments in the leaves start to show. These pigments not only create beautiful colors but also protect leaves from being eaten by insects or damaged by sunlight. At the same time, these trees stop putting effort into holding on to their leaves. Getting rid of their leaves can help trees keep water in their bodies over winter. It also allows strong winds to blow more easily through treesˈ branches, putting less stress on them. However, not all trees let go of their autumn leaves so easily. For example, some willows(柳树)may hold on to their leaves all winter. This can help protect their branches from hungry animals. Conifer trees(针叶树)likewise keep their needles year-round. Needles can bear the cold more easily than leaves do. So it costs conifers less energy to hang on to their needles than to remove and regrow them yearly. Have a close look at the trees outside your own window when the leaves change in autumn and fall to the ground. By collecting data on your local biodiversity, you can contribute to citizen science projects. Plus, spending time with nature can cheer you up — something many of us need as the days grow darker and colder. 1．What contributes to the leaves of some trees changing colors in autumn? A．Insects eating up the green pigments in leaves. B．The sunlight being not strong enough in autumn. C．Trees needing more energy to make new green pigments. D．Chlorophyll disappearing and other pigments appearing. 2．What is the advantage for trees to remove leaves for winter? A．It helps trees take in more sunlight easily. B．It makes trees grow new leaves quickly in spring. C．It protects branches from being eaten by animals. D．It helps trees keep water and reduce stress from winds. 3．What can we learn about conifer trees from the passage? A．They lose needles every autumn like other trees. B．Their needles canˈt stand cold winter weather. C．They keep needles all year round for energy saving. D．Keeping needles needs more energy than regrowing them. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．We can only enjoy autumn leaves by watching them. B．Getting close to nature improves mental health in autumn. C．Autumn days are bright and warm for people to go out. D．Citizen science projects only need data on autumn leaves. B A corn plant knows how to find water in soil with the very tips of its roots, but some varieties appear to have lost some of that ability, according to a Stanford-led study. With climate change intensifying droughts, the findings are vital for developing corn varieties with stronger adaptability. An essay, published in the journal Science, notes how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. “Plants are wise in the way they ‘see’ where water is in soil, and the genes (基因) that are responsible for that play an important role in helping the plant create a root system that is enhanced for efficient water uptake,” said Jose Dinneny, the study’s senior author and a professor of biology in Stanford’s School of Humanities and Sciences. The Dinneny lab had previously revealed the fine sensitivity of corn roots for spotting water, and further studies showed that this sensitivity heavily depended on the specific variety of corn. For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots, making it possible to analyze the responses of 250 corn varieties that reflect the genetic pool present in modern corn reproducing. They discovered that corn varieties adapting to grow in tropical (热带的) or subtropical areas like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapting to temperate (温带的) regions of North America frequently grew roots in many directions without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. This work was made possible through an international cooperation of several research groups. “Researchers need to better understand the interaction of these genetic pathways before corn varieties can be developed with more drought-adaptive root systems, but the findings highlight the importance of studying these localized responses at root tips,” said lead author Johannes Scharwies, a postdoctoral scholar in Dinneny’s lab. 5．Which of the following drives the research on more adaptable corns? A．Worsened soils. B．More severe droughts. C．Poorer water quality. D．Greater demand for corn. 6．What does paragraph 2 focus on about the research? A．Its procedure. B．Its significance. C．Its theoretical basis. D．Its practical value. 7．What can be inferred about corn varieties from temperate regions? A．They exhibit stronger drought resistance. B．They tend to grow roots deeper into the soil. C．They are genetically superior in water absorption. D．They are less efficient in adapting to water distribution. 8．What is the suitable title for the text? A．Farm Innovation: Corn Grown in Localized Soil B．Genetic Differences in Corn Varieties’ Root Growth C．Corn Roots: Adaptability and Genetic Insights in Drought D．New Methods in Researching Corn Root Water-Sensitivity 答案1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了秋天树叶变色、落叶的原因，包括叶绿素分解导致其他色素显现、树木为保存水分和减少风压而落叶，以及部分树木（如柳树、针叶树）保留叶子的特殊策略，并鼓励人们亲近自然、参与公民科学项目。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Plants can no longer make enough chlorophyll to keep their leaves green. Instead, they break down chlorophyll into smaller parts and then take them in. This saves energy because plants donˈt have to make chlorophyll from the very beginning when spring comes. When chlorophyll dies away, other pigments in the leaves start to show. (植物无法再合成足够的叶绿素来保持叶片绿色。于是，它们将叶绿素分解成更小的成分，然后吸收利用。这样可以节省能量，因为当春天到来时，植物不必从头开始重新合成叶绿素。当叶绿素逐渐消失后，叶片中的其他色素便开始显现出来。)”可知，秋天树叶变色是因为叶绿素消失，其他色素显现出来。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Getting rid of their leaves can help trees keep water in their bodies over winter. It also allows strong winds to blow more easily through trees' branches, putting less stress on them. (落叶有助于树木在冬季保持体内水分。这也让强风更容易穿过树枝，减少对树枝的压力。)”可知，落叶的好处是帮助树木保存水分并减轻风带来的压力。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Conifer trees (针叶树) likewise keep their needles year-round. Needles can bear the cold more easily than leaves do. So it costs conifers less energy to hang on to their needles than to remove and regrow them yearly. (针叶树同样全年保留针叶。针叶比树叶更能抵御寒冷。因此，针叶树保留针叶比每年去除并重新生长所需的能量更少。)”可知，针叶树全年保留针叶是为了节省能量。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Plus, spending time with nature can cheer you up — something many of us need as the days grow darker and colder. (此外，花时间与大自然相处可以让你心情愉悦——这是我们许多人在日子变得更暗更冷时所需要的。)”可推断，亲近自然有助于改善秋季因天气变暗变冷而带来的低落情绪，即亲近自然有助于心理健康。 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 【导语】文章主要介绍研究发现不同玉米品种根系寻水能力存在基因差异，该研究助力培育耐旱玉米品种。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“With climate change intensifying droughts, the findings are vital for developing corn varieties with stronger adaptability. (随着气候变化加剧干旱，这些研究结果对于培育适应性更强的玉米品种至关重要。)”可知，日益严重的干旱推动了适应性更强的玉米相关研究。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“An essay, published in the journal Science, notes how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. “Plants are wise in the way they ‘see’ where water is in soil, and the genes (基因) that are responsible for that play an important role in helping the plant create a root system that is enhanced for efficient water uptake,” said Jose Dinneny, the study’s senior author and a professor of biology in Stanford’s School of Humanities and Sciences. (发表在《科学》期刊上的一篇论文阐释了植物根系如何朝着水源方向分支生长，并避开土壤中的干燥区域。该研究资深作者、斯坦福大学人文与科学学院生物学教授Jose Dinneny说道：“植物很聪明，它们能够‘感知’土壤中水的位置。调控这一能力的基因十分重要，可以帮助植物发育出根系，提升吸水效率。”)”可知，本段阐述植物根系寻水的原理以及相关基因的作用，也就是本次研究的理论依据。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots, making it possible to analyze the responses of 250 corn varieties that reflect the genetic pool present in modern corn reproducing. They discovered that corn varieties adapting to grow in tropical (热带的) or subtropical areas like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapting to temperate (温带的) regions of North America frequently grew roots in many directions without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. (在本次研究中，研究人员研发出一套简便的全新方法研究根系对水分的敏感度，得以分析250个玉米品种的反应，这些品种涵盖现代玉米育种所拥有的基因库。研究人员发现，适应墨西哥等热带、亚热带地区生长的玉米品种，很擅长朝着水源长出新根须，避开干旱区域。与之相反，适应北美温带地区的玉米品种，根系常常向四面八方生长，无法区分土壤的干燥区域与湿润区域。)”可推知，它们适应水分分布的效率更低。 8．主旨大意题。文章围绕玉米根系、干旱环境适应性展开，介绍相关研究及背后的基因原理。C选项“玉米根系：干旱环境下的适应性与基因研究”可以概括全文，最适合作为本文标题。 七、七选五 Many people enjoy having plants inside their homes, especially when it is cold outside. But sometimes houseplants need a little help. 1 They show discolored leaves, and their stems droop (下垂) — or no longer stand strong or tall. And there will be little or no growth. A good way to help renew tired houseplants is by giving them a plant “haircut.” In the gardening world, cutting back plants is called “pruning.” 2 Diana Alfuth is a gardening expert at the University of Wisconsin. She says pruning helps with shaping, removing dead matter, and keeping the plants from drooping. Pruning is also a way to start new plants. You can take the cuttings from pruning and grow new plants. 3 So is the timing of when you give them fertilizers — nutrients for growth. “Houseplants should not be fertilized during winter when days are short,” Alfuth said. “Fertilize in late winter as days get longer and plants wake up and will need fertilizer to put on growth during spring.” Watering plants too much is a leading cause of losing houseplants. So, be careful not to overwater. “Plants lose oxygen when they get too much water,” Pettinelli said. 4 Check to see if your plants’ roots are overgrown in the bottom of the pot. 5 But be sure the pots have holes cut in the bottoms so that extra water can get out. A．Pruning serves many needs. B．A houseplant’s diet is important. C．Especially the roots — they’ll drown. D．And they will not flower if they are hot. E．Pruning then results in strong new growth. F．If they are struggling, they will let you know. G．That means you should re-pot the plant in a new, larger pot. 1．F 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．G 【导语】文章介绍了室内盆栽的养护技巧，包括修剪、把握施肥时机、适度浇水以及根系过密时换盆，以此帮助盆栽健康生长。 【详解】1．后文“They show discolored leaves, and their stems droop (下垂) — or no longer stand strong or tall. And there will be little or no growth. (它们的叶片会变色，茎干下垂，不再挺拔高耸，并且几乎不再生长。)”描述植物叶片变色、茎下垂等异常状态，对应F选项“If they are struggling, they will let you know. (如果植物挣扎生存，它们会让你知道。)”，衔接自然。 2．后文“Diana Alfuth is a gardening expert at the University of Wisconsin. She says pruning helps with shaping, removing dead matter, and keeping the plants from drooping. Pruning is also a way to start new plants. You can take the cuttings from pruning and grow new plants. (戴安娜・阿尔富思是威斯康星大学的一名园艺专家。她表示修剪可以帮助修整株型、去除枯死部分，还能防止植物下垂倒伏。修剪也是培育新植株的一种方式，你可以利用修剪下来的枝条培育新的植物。)”介绍了修剪可塑形、去除枯死部分、防止倒伏、培育新植株等多种作用，对应A选项“Pruning serves many needs. (修剪可满足多种需求。)”，总领下文。 3．空处为本段的主题句，后文“So is the timing of when you give them fertilizers — nutrients for growth. ‘Houseplants should not be fertilized during winter when days are short,’ Alfuth said. ‘Fertilize in late winter as days get longer and plants wake up and will need fertilizer to put on growth during spring.’ (施肥的时机同样重要，肥料就是植物生长所需的养分。阿尔富思说：‘冬季白昼较短，不要给室内盆栽施肥。等到冬末白昼变长，植物苏醒过来，需要为春天的生长供给养分，这时再施肥。’)”围绕施肥的时机展开，施肥属于植物的养分供给，对应B选项“A houseplant’s diet is important. (室内盆栽的养分供给很重要。)”，契合段落主题。 4．前文“Watering plants too much is a leading cause of losing houseplants. So, be careful not to overwater. ‘Plants lose oxygen when they get too much water,’ Pettinelli said. (浇水过多是造成室内盆栽死亡的主要原因，所以切记不要过度浇水。佩蒂内利说：‘浇水过多时，植物会缺氧。’)”提及浇水过多会让植物缺氧，C选项“Especially the roots — they’ll drown. (尤其是根系，它们会被涝死。)”承接上文，进一步说明过度浇水的危害。 5．前文“Check to see if your plants’ roots are overgrown in the bottom of the pot. (查看花盆底部，看植物根系是否已经长得过于茂密。)”提到植物根系在花盆底部过度生长的情况，后文“But be sure the pots have holes cut in the bottoms so that extra water can get out. (但花盆底部务必留有排水孔，让多余的水可以流出去。)”说花盆需有排水孔，G选项“That means you should re-pot the plant in a new, larger pot.(这意味着你要将植物移栽到更大的新花盆中。)”承上启下，给出前文对应的解决办法，与后文的内容衔接自然，选项中的“That means”指代前文“根系过度生长”这件事。 （2025·全国二卷·高考真题） When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. In the past year, Detrinidad sent out more than 70,000 plants. Her success is just one example of increased time at home leading to an explosion in the houseplant industry. “Plants are in fashion right now,” says Dr. Melinda Knuth, a researcher from the University of Florida. “People who live in plant-rich environments report a higher life satisfaction rating, ” she says. “Adding more nature to our environment can change our mood and how we think.” Plants can improve our state of mind in a few ways but the biggest is by decreasing our level of cortisol, the stress hormone (激素) in our body. “Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.” If you’re among the groups of people who are enjoying the mental and physical health benefits of surrounding yourself with plants, don’t beat yourself up if one (or a few!) doesn’t make it. “Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. 1．How was Detrinidad’s business when it started? A．It faced tough competition. B．It suffered a great loss. C．It got lots of financial support. D．It went surprisingly well. 2．What is one of Knuth’s findings about plants? A．They appeal more to students. B．They purify the environment. C．They raise the cortisol level. D．They enhance productivity. 3．What does Detrinidad try to explain by mentioning doctors and lawyers? A．The necessity of social skills. B．The meaning of sustainability. C．The importance of repeated efforts. D．The value of professional opinions. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Time to Replace Houseplants B．Plants Boost Your Mood C．Tips on Choosing Houseplants D．Plants Brighten Your Home B （2017·全国二卷·高考真题）When a leafy plant is under attack, it doesn’t sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short. Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. It’s a plant’s way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbours react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch. In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors .The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do. Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists don’t know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasn’t a true, intentional back and forth. Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on. 5．What does a plant do when it is under attack? A．It makes noises. B．It gets help from other plants. C．It stands quietly D．It sends out certain chemicals. 6．What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3? A．The attackers get attacked. B．The insects gather under the table. C．The plants get ready to fight back. D．The perfumes attract natural enemies. 7．Scientists find from their studies that plants can ________. A．predict natural disasters B．protect themselves against insects C．talk to one another intentionally D．help their neighbors when necessary 8．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The world is changing faster than ever. B．People have stronger senses than before C．The world is more complex than it seems D．People in Darwin’s time were imaginative. 答案：1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当多叶植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，会发出挥发性有机化合物，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.”（早在1983年，两位科学家杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温就报告说，小枫树被昆虫咬后会散发出一种特殊的气味，邻近的植物也能闻到。这些化学物质来自植物受损的部分，似乎是一种警报。植物排出的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物(简称VOCs)的化学混合物。）可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D项。 6．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”（正在吃午餐的攻击者现在变成了植物的午餐）可推知，此处为一旦它们到达这里，局面就反转了然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐。故可猜测划线短语the tables are turned为“形势发生了逆转”的意思，即“攻击者受到攻击”。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.”（科学家们发现，所有种类的植物在受到攻击时都会释放出挥发性有机化合物。）以及第三段第一句“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”（有些植物会排出有气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。）可知，植物通过在受到攻击时释放有味的化学物质来让昆虫远离它，所以植物能保护自己不受昆虫攻击。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.”（150多年前，查尔斯·达尔文设想了一个比我们所能看到和听到的世界更繁忙、更嘈杂、更亲密的世界。我们的感官很弱。发生了很多事情。）可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。由此可推知，世界比看起来要复杂得多。故选C项。 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 5 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 【答案】 1．beneath 2．branch 3．cave 4．database 5．fee 6．further 7．incident 8．nail 9．outcome 10．primitive 11．soil 12．track 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 【答案】 1． fled 2．experienced 3. blame 4．tortoise 5. lost 6.worldwide 7.hiking 8.cheat 9.translating 三、单句语法填空。 【答案】 1．had read 2．had hoped 3．had restored 4．had left 5．had intended 6．had conducted 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 答案：1．had not/hadn’t 2．The bus had just left/Hardly had the bus left 3．he had never been to such a remote village before 4．that our school had won the basketball championship 5．that he had never read this classic novel 五、语法填空 1．amazing 2．which/that 3．quickly 4．is closed 5．in 6．produces 7．powerful 8．nutrients 9．if 10．bigger 【导语】主要介绍了捕蝇草这种食肉植物的生存环境、捕虫原理以及进化出捕虫能力的原因。 【详解】1．考查形容词。句意：世界上最令人惊奇的植物之一是捕蝇草。此处修饰名词plants，要用形容词，amaze的形容词形式amazing表示“令人惊奇的”，用来描述事物的特征。 2．考查定语从句。句意：它是一种小型食肉植物，生长在美国北卡罗来纳州和南卡罗来纳州的潮湿地区。此处为关系词引导定语从句，先行词是plant，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which/that。 3．考查副词。句意：与大多数从土壤中获取营养的植物不同，这种特殊的植物可以快速捕捉并吃掉小昆虫。此处修饰动词catch and eat，要用副词形式，quick的副词形式为quickly。 4．考查动词时态、语态。句意：当昆虫两次碰到捕虫夹内侧的细小绒毛时，捕虫夹会在不到一秒的时间内被这株植物合上。此处为句子的谓语动词，the trap和close之间是被动关系，全文为一般现在时，陈述客观事实，所以此处为一般现在时被动语态，其结构为“am/is/are+过去分词”，主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为is closed。 5．考查介词。句意：当昆虫两次碰到捕虫夹内侧的细小绒毛时，捕虫夹会在不到一秒的时间内被这株植物合上。此处为固定搭配in less than a second，意为“在不到一秒的时间内”，所以此处为介词in。 6．考查动词时态。句意：然后这种植物会产生一种特殊的汁液来分解昆虫的躯体。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语the plant是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为produces。 7．考查形容词。句意：这种汁液威力很大，仅用几天就可以消化掉整只昆虫。此处作表语，要用形容词，power的形容词形式powerful意为“强大的，威力大的”。 8．考查名词复数。句意：科学家称，这种植物进化出这项特殊能力是因为它所生长的土壤中营养物质很少。few后接可数名词复数，nutrient为可数名词，复数形式为nutrients。 9．考查状语从句。句意：很多人不知道，如果昆虫太小，捕虫夹就不会合上。此处为连词引导条件状语从句，结合句意表示“如果”，所以用连词if。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意：相反，它会等待体型更大、能够为它提供充足营养的昆虫。结合上下文，此处暗含和太小的昆虫作对比，要用形容词比较级，big的比较级为bigger。 六．阅读理解 答案1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了秋天树叶变色、落叶的原因，包括叶绿素分解导致其他色素显现、树木为保存水分和减少风压而落叶，以及部分树木（如柳树、针叶树）保留叶子的特殊策略，并鼓励人们亲近自然、参与公民科学项目。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Plants can no longer make enough chlorophyll to keep their leaves green. Instead, they break down chlorophyll into smaller parts and then take them in. This saves energy because plants donˈt have to make chlorophyll from the very beginning when spring comes. When chlorophyll dies away, other pigments in the leaves start to show. (植物无法再合成足够的叶绿素来保持叶片绿色。于是，它们将叶绿素分解成更小的成分，然后吸收利用。这样可以节省能量，因为当春天到来时，植物不必从头开始重新合成叶绿素。当叶绿素逐渐消失后，叶片中的其他色素便开始显现出来。)”可知，秋天树叶变色是因为叶绿素消失，其他色素显现出来。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Getting rid of their leaves can help trees keep water in their bodies over winter. It also allows strong winds to blow more easily through trees' branches, putting less stress on them. (落叶有助于树木在冬季保持体内水分。这也让强风更容易穿过树枝，减少对树枝的压力。)”可知，落叶的好处是帮助树木保存水分并减轻风带来的压力。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Conifer trees (针叶树) likewise keep their needles year-round. Needles can bear the cold more easily than leaves do. So it costs conifers less energy to hang on to their needles than to remove and regrow them yearly. (针叶树同样全年保留针叶。针叶比树叶更能抵御寒冷。因此，针叶树保留针叶比每年去除并重新生长所需的能量更少。)”可知，针叶树全年保留针叶是为了节省能量。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Plus, spending time with nature can cheer you up — something many of us need as the days grow darker and colder. (此外，花时间与大自然相处可以让你心情愉悦——这是我们许多人在日子变得更暗更冷时所需要的。)”可推断，亲近自然有助于改善秋季因天气变暗变冷而带来的低落情绪，即亲近自然有助于心理健康。 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．C 【导语】文章主要介绍研究发现不同玉米品种根系寻水能力存在基因差异，该研究助力培育耐旱玉米品种。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“With climate change intensifying droughts, the findings are vital for developing corn varieties with stronger adaptability. (随着气候变化加剧干旱，这些研究结果对于培育适应性更强的玉米品种至关重要。)”可知，日益严重的干旱推动了适应性更强的玉米相关研究。 6．主旨大意题。根据第二段“An essay, published in the journal Science, notes how plant roots branch toward water and avoid dry spaces in soil. “Plants are wise in the way they ‘see’ where water is in soil, and the genes (基因) that are responsible for that play an important role in helping the plant create a root system that is enhanced for efficient water uptake,” said Jose Dinneny, the study’s senior author and a professor of biology in Stanford’s School of Humanities and Sciences. (发表在《科学》期刊上的一篇论文阐释了植物根系如何朝着水源方向分支生长，并避开土壤中的干燥区域。该研究资深作者、斯坦福大学人文与科学学院生物学教授Jose Dinneny说道：“植物很聪明，它们能够‘感知’土壤中水的位置。调控这一能力的基因十分重要，可以帮助植物发育出根系，提升吸水效率。”)”可知，本段阐述植物根系寻水的原理以及相关基因的作用，也就是本次研究的理论依据。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“For this study, the researchers developed a new, simplified way to study water sensitivity in roots, making it possible to analyze the responses of 250 corn varieties that reflect the genetic pool present in modern corn reproducing. They discovered that corn varieties adapting to grow in tropical (热带的) or subtropical areas like Mexico were very good at making new root branches toward water and avoiding dry areas. In contrast, the varieties adapting to temperate (温带的) regions of North America frequently grew roots in many directions without distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the soil. (在本次研究中，研究人员研发出一套简便的全新方法研究根系对水分的敏感度，得以分析250个玉米品种的反应，这些品种涵盖现代玉米育种所拥有的基因库。研究人员发现，适应墨西哥等热带、亚热带地区生长的玉米品种，很擅长朝着水源长出新根须，避开干旱区域。与之相反，适应北美温带地区的玉米品种，根系常常向四面八方生长，无法区分土壤的干燥区域与湿润区域。)”可推知，它们适应水分分布的效率更低。 8．主旨大意题。文章围绕玉米根系、干旱环境适应性展开，介绍相关研究及背后的基因原理。C选项“玉米根系：干旱环境下的适应性与基因研究”可以概括全文，最适合作为本文标题。 七、七选五 1．F 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．G 【导语】文章介绍了室内盆栽的养护技巧，包括修剪、把握施肥时机、适度浇水以及根系过密时换盆，以此帮助盆栽健康生长。 【详解】1．后文“They show discolored leaves, and their stems droop (下垂) — or no longer stand strong or tall. And there will be little or no growth. (它们的叶片会变色，茎干下垂，不再挺拔高耸，并且几乎不再生长。)”描述植物叶片变色、茎下垂等异常状态，对应F选项“If they are struggling, they will let you know. (如果植物挣扎生存，它们会让你知道。)”，衔接自然。 2．后文“Diana Alfuth is a gardening expert at the University of Wisconsin. She says pruning helps with shaping, removing dead matter, and keeping the plants from drooping. Pruning is also a way to start new plants. You can take the cuttings from pruning and grow new plants. (戴安娜・阿尔富思是威斯康星大学的一名园艺专家。她表示修剪可以帮助修整株型、去除枯死部分，还能防止植物下垂倒伏。修剪也是培育新植株的一种方式，你可以利用修剪下来的枝条培育新的植物。)”介绍了修剪可塑形、去除枯死部分、防止倒伏、培育新植株等多种作用，对应A选项“Pruning serves many needs. (修剪可满足多种需求。)”，总领下文。 3．空处为本段的主题句，后文“So is the timing of when you give them fertilizers — nutrients for growth. ‘Houseplants should not be fertilized during winter when days are short,’ Alfuth said. ‘Fertilize in late winter as days get longer and plants wake up and will need fertilizer to put on growth during spring.’ (施肥的时机同样重要，肥料就是植物生长所需的养分。阿尔富思说：‘冬季白昼较短，不要给室内盆栽施肥。等到冬末白昼变长，植物苏醒过来，需要为春天的生长供给养分，这时再施肥。’)”围绕施肥的时机展开，施肥属于植物的养分供给，对应B选项“A houseplant’s diet is important. (室内盆栽的养分供给很重要。)”，契合段落主题。 4．前文“Watering plants too much is a leading cause of losing houseplants. So, be careful not to overwater. ‘Plants lose oxygen when they get too much water,’ Pettinelli said. (浇水过多是造成室内盆栽死亡的主要原因，所以切记不要过度浇水。佩蒂内利说：‘浇水过多时，植物会缺氧。’)”提及浇水过多会让植物缺氧，C选项“Especially the roots — they’ll drown. (尤其是根系，它们会被涝死。)”承接上文，进一步说明过度浇水的危害。 5．前文“Check to see if your plants’ roots are overgrown in the bottom of the pot. (查看花盆底部，看植物根系是否已经长得过于茂密。)”提到植物根系在花盆底部过度生长的情况，后文“But be sure the pots have holes cut in the bottoms so that extra water can get out. (但花盆底部务必留有排水孔，让多余的水可以流出去。)”说花盆需有排水孔，G选项“That means you should re-pot the plant in a new, larger pot.(这意味着你要将植物移栽到更大的新花盆中。)”承上启下，给出前文对应的解决办法，与后文的内容衔接自然，选项中的“That means”指代前文“根系过度生长”这件事。 答案：1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过Detrinidad的创业经历和专家研究，说明室内植物对人们心理健康和工作效率的积极影响，以及近年来居家趋势推动了室内植物产业的发展。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Sonja Detrinidad opened her online shop selling houseplants, she didn’t have high hopes for it. But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone. (当Sonja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Sonja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的““Students who are around plants perform better academically than students who are in a classroom without plants,” says Knuth. “This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults. Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.”(Knuth表示：“身处植物周围的学生，其学业表现比在没有植物的教室里的学生更出色。这种效率提升同样适用于成年人的工作场合。我们的研究显示，在植物丰富的工作环境中，人们的病假率降低了 30%。”)”可知，Knuth的研究发现，接触植物的学生学业表现更好，成年人在植物丰富的工作环境中生产率提高，病假率降低，因此，“植物能提升生产率”是她的发现之一。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的““Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant. Tending to plants is an exercise in patience and learning. Be invested in taking care of it, but if it dies, go get another one,” Detrinidad says. (Detrinidad说：“医生需要不断实践医术，律师需要持续精进法律实务，而养护植物同样需要给自己练习的机会。照料植物是一种培养耐心和学习的过程。要用心呵护它，但如果它枯萎了，就再养一株新的。”)”可知，Detrinidad通过类比医生和律师需要不断实践来强调“照顾植物需要反复尝试”。她认为养植物失败是正常的，重要的是持续努力。由此推断，她提到医生和律师是为了解释“重复努力的重要性”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章第一段以Detrinidad的成功为例引出室内植物行业的兴起，第二段至第三段通过Knuth的研究说明植物能通过降低皮质醇水平改善心情、提升生产率，第四段鼓励人们尝试养植物。全文核心围绕“植物对情绪和健康的积极影响”展开。选项B“Plants Boost Your Mood (植物改善你的情绪)”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章的标题。故选B。 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，当多叶植物受到攻击时，它们不会坐以待毙，会发出挥发性有机化合物，以此来保护自己或者与周围的植物通过化学物质进行交流。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.”（早在1983年，两位科学家杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温就报告说，小枫树被昆虫咬后会散发出一种特殊的气味，邻近的植物也能闻到。这些化学物质来自植物受损的部分，似乎是一种警报。植物排出的是一种被称为挥发性有机化合物(简称VOCs)的化学混合物。）可知，当植物受到伤害时，会分泌一种特殊的化学物质。故选D项。 6．词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”（正在吃午餐的攻击者现在变成了植物的午餐）可推知，此处为一旦它们到达这里，局面就反转了然后这些攻击者就会成为植物的午餐。故可猜测划线短语the tables are turned为“形势发生了逆转”的意思，即“攻击者受到攻击”。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked.”（科学家们发现，所有种类的植物在受到攻击时都会释放出挥发性有机化合物。）以及第三段第一句“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”（有些植物会排出有气味的化学物质来驱赶昆虫。）可知，植物通过在受到攻击时释放有味的化学物质来让昆虫远离它，所以植物能保护自己不受昆虫攻击。故选B项。 8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate(亲密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. There’s a whole lot going on.”（150多年前，查尔斯·达尔文设想了一个比我们所能看到和听到的世界更繁忙、更嘈杂、更亲密的世界。我们的感官很弱。发生了很多事情。）可知，这个世界远比我们看到或听到的更热闹、更亲密，我们认知能力有限，有很多事仍在继续发生，远比我们想象的要复杂。由此可推知，世界比看起来要复杂得多。故选C项。 试卷第1页（共3页） 试卷第1页（共3页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $