Unit 5 Section Ⅲ Using language-【新课程能力培养】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第一册练习手册（外研版）

Unit5 I Reve Section I Starting out 一、单词拼写 1.generate 2.evolved 3.ancestors 4.seeds 5.geologist 6.evolution 二、短语英汉互译 1.very likely 2.in the late 18th century 3.date back to 4.relatively unchanged 5.living fossil 6. 兽7.检查保存好的尸体8.已发现的最古老的化石 9.扩大范围10.母株/亲本植物 三、句子英汉互译 1.We always encounter pressure in this way or an- other in our daily life. 2.It will take years to judge the impact of these thoughts. 3.The history of hockey can date back to thousands of years 4.It is usually considered as a living fossil. 5.18世纪末，对保存下来的鸭嘴兽尸体进行检查的 第一批科学家们判定它是假的。 Section ll Understanding ideas 基础巩固 一、词性转化 1.distance2.geology3.evolution;进化的，演变 4.grace 5.generation 6.suspicious 7.character 8.prediction;predictable 二、单句语法填空 1.dating 2.convincing 3.suspected 4.adaptation 5.crowded 6.with/by 7.to 8.a 9.distance 10.existence 三、短语英汉互译 1.date back to 2.answer the call 3.be a disgrace 4.lead to 5.of all time 6.over time 7.be crowded with8.形成，产生9.适应10.各种各样的11.被 怀疑是12.被认为是13.使某人相信某事14.被 迷住 四、句子英汉互译 1.A distant relative of mine will cover a distance of 50 miles to see me next week. 2.It took him a while to adapt himself in his new sur- 参考答案。 ealing nature roundings. 3.He was suspected of robbing a bank,which made us surprised. 4.He was blamed for the accident,but he blamed it on others. 5.She declined to have lunch with her friend,saying that she wasn't feeling well. 6.Nowadays,cycling,along with jogging and swim- ming,is regarded as one of the best all-round forms of ex- ercise. 7.他们的房子和我们的相似，但我们的花园更大。 8.法国的大量电力是由核反应堆产生的。 五、句式转换 1.What's more,he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be "a disgrace to your- self and all your family". 2.Darwin saw a variety of new species,but it was the birds that interested him the most. 3.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm. 4.But his scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory. 拓展训练 阅读理解 1~4 DCBD Section ll Using language 基础巩固 一、词性转化 L.character;是…的特征，以…为典型 2.primitively 3.organism 二、单句语法填空 1.had got 2.had worked 3.had known 4.had been 5.arrived 6.had given 7.had started 8.had in- tended 9.to blame 10.in 三、短语英汉互译 1.be made up of 2.break down 3.by contrast 4.unique physical characteristics 5.life form 6.share a common ancestor7.源于.…，原产于8.因…而责 怪9.对…有伤害10.对抗，驱走11.是…的家 园12.充当，担任 95 高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版） 拓展训练 5.The Caribbean Sea is well known for its lakes,vol- I,阅读理解 canoes,and beaches. A:1~4 BDCD B:1~4 BBDC 五、句式转换 Ⅱ.完形填空 1.Alexander the Great and Marco Polo were said to 1~5 DDBAB 6~10 AABCA 11~15 DABDC have visited such a tree in India Section IV Developing ideas 2.With us long believing that talking plants are fanta- sy,new research has revealed something amazing:it ap- 基础巩固 pears that plants can communicate after all. 一、词性转化 3.This happens when a plant,say a bean plant,gets 1.mystical 2.legendary 3.detective;detector attacked by insects. 4.metre;millimetre 5.fungal 6.revealing 拓展训练 二、单句语法填空 I,语法填空 1.herself 2.are to blame 3.off 4.to finish 1.discovery 2.stopping 3.placed 4.to 5.it 5.has declined 6.to 7.convinced 8.to identify 6.sent 7.stresses 8.louder 9.whether 10.naturally 9.admitting;to blame Ⅱ.阅读理解 三、短语英汉互译 A:1-4 ADAC B:1~3 DDB 1.do research on 2.in the end 3.blame sth.on... 4.in isolation 5.in particular 6.fight off 7. Section V Presenting ideas …的，原产于…8.是…的栖息地/家乡9.相 基础巩固 比之下；与之相比10.又，和，也11.赶跑，使离去 一、词性转化 12.更令人吃惊的是 1.prevention 2.container 四、句子英汉互译 二、单句语法填空 1.据说他已经失去了生存的意志。 1.have gone 2.reported 3.that/in which 4.that/ 2.别怪他打碎了那个花瓶，他毕竞是个孩子。 in which 3.如果敌军胆敢进入我国，我们就和他们战斗 三、短语英汉互译 到底。 1.grow up 2.grow into 3.as time goes on 4. 4.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play 花5.挖掘6.把……做成 with computer simulations. Unit 6 Nurturing nature 们继续保护它们并把它们传给子孙后代。 Section I Starting out Section ll Understanding 一、词性转化 ideas 1.existence 2.endangered;dangerous 3.mixed; mixture 基础巩固 二、短语英汉互译 一、词性转化 1.have sth.in common 2.be in existence 3.sources 1.steadily 2.mass 3.delicately 4.splendidly of inspiration4.belong to5.世界遗产6.联合国教 二、单句语法填空 科文组织 1.at 2.steadily 3.winding 4.To help 5.before 三、句子英汉互译 6.on 7.will be overcome 8.environmental 9.giv- 1.The natural beauty and the rich culture of the ing 10.has been teaching mountain have been sources of inspiration for writers and 三、短语英汉互译 artists over the centuries 1.overcome the challenges 2.at one's leisure 2.只有更多意识到并欣赏世界遗产，才能够确保我 3.catch one's eye 4.prevent damage to...5.thousands 96高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版） SectionⅢ Using language traffic accident. 基础巩固 10.Industry in Britain has been 一、词性转化 decline since the 1970s. l.characteristic(n.)特征，特性→ 三、短语英汉互译 (n.)品质，性格，特点→characterize(u.) 1.由…组成 2.消除，分解 2.primitive(ad.)原始的，低等的→ 3.相比之下 (ad.)最初地 4.独特的身体特征 3.organic(ad.)有机的；生物的；自然的； 5.生命形式 (n.)有机体；生物体；微生物 6.有共同的祖先 二、单句语法填空 7.be native to 1.By nine o'clock last night,we 8.be blamed on (get)200 pictures from the spaceship. 9.be harmful to 2.He said he (work)in that factory 10.fight off since 1949. 11.be home to 3.Until then he (know)nothing 12.serve as about it yet. 拓展训练 4.It was the third time that he (be) out of work that year. I.阅读理解 5.They (arrive)at the station at A(2023年全国新高考I卷)》 ten yesterday. On March 7,1907,the English statistician 6.I had no difficulty finding Ann's house be- Francis Galton published a paper which cause she (give)us clear direc- illustrated what has come to be known as the tions before. “wisdom of crowds”effect.The experiment 7.I found the lecture hard to follow because it of estimation he conducted showed that in (start)when I arrived. some cases,the average of a large number of 8.I (intend)to send Peter a gift to independent estimates could be quite accurate. congratulate him on his marriage,but I This effect capitalizes on the fact that couldn't manage it. when people make errors,those errors aren't 9.The driver was not (blame)for the always the same.Some people will tend to 66)练 Unit 5 Revealing nature overestimate.and some to underestimate. these arguments and reasoning resulted in a When enough of these errors are averaged to- global reduction in error.Although the studies gether,they cancel each other out,resulting in led by Navajas have limitations and many a more accurate estimate.If people are similar questions remain,the potential implications for and tend to make the same errors.then their group discussion and decision-making are errors won't cancel each other out.In more enormous. technical terms,the wisdom of crowds re-()1.What is Paragraph 2 of the text quires that people's estimates be independent. mainly about? If for whatever reasons,people's errors be- A.The methods of estimation. come correlated or dependent,the accuracy of B.The underlying logic of the effect. the estimate will go down. C.The causes of people's errors. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas D.The design of Galton's experi- offered an interesting twist(转折)on this ment. classic phenomenon.The key finding of the )2.Navajas'study found that the ave- study was that when crowds were further di- rage accuracy could increase even if vided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these A.the crowds were relatively small groups were more accurate than those from an B.there were occasional underesti- equal number of independent individuals.For mates instance,the average obtained from the esti- C.individuals did not communicate mates of four discussion groups of five was D.estimates were not fully inde- significantly more accurate than the average pendent obtained from 20 independent individuals )3.What did the follow-up study focus In a follow-up study with 100 university on? students,the researchers tried to get a better A.The size of the groups. sense of what the group members actually did B.The dominant members. in their discussion.Did they tend to go with C.The discussion process. those most confident about their estimates? D.The individual estimates. Did they follow those least willing to change )4.What is the author's attitude toward their minds?This happened some of the time, Navajas'studies? but it wasn't the dominant response.Most fre- A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. quently,the groups reported that they "shared C.Doubtful. D.Approving. arguments and reasoned together".Somehow, 67 高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版） B by developing a brain-machine interface Close your eyes and picture yourself run- 机界面)that rewarded rats for navigating their ning an errand(跑腿)across town.You can surroundings using only their thoughts probably imagine the turns you'd need to take First,the researchers designed a miniature and the landmarks you'd encounter.This abili- virtual reality area and displayed it on a screen ty to play out such scenarios in our minds is surrounding a round treadmill ()Rats thought to be crucial to humans'capacity to could move through this area by running on plan ahead. the treadmill,and if the animals navigated to But it may not be uniquely human.Rats particular objects in the area,they'd receive a also seem to be able to "imagine"moving sugary reward.Throughout the rats'wander- through mental environments,researchers re-ings,the team measured brain activity in the port in Science.The animals trained to navi-animals'hippocampus. gate within a virtual area could,in return for a Next,the team disconnected the treadmill reward,activate the same neural(t神经的）so that the rats could still see the virtual reali. patterns they'd shown while navigating-even ty area,but their running had no impact.In- when they were standing still. stead,the team hooked up(接通)the display Researchers think animals'mental maps to real-time readings of the rats'brain activity. are encoded (in the hippocampus,a By reproducing the brain activity they'd brain region involved in memory.As we move shown during the previous training sessions, through an environment,cells in this region the rats could navigate to reward locations us- fire in particular patterns depending on our ing just their thoughts.Some ran on the tread- location.When we later revisit-or simply mill as they did before,but others remained think about visiting-those locations,the same still. hippocampal signatures are activated. The work could help researchers learn Rats also encode spatial information in much more about hippocampus function, the hippocampus.But it's been impossible to Shayna Rosenbaum,a cognitive neuroscientist, establish whether they have a similar capacity adds.It would be interesting to see what other for voluntary mental navigation because of the regions might be involved in mental naviga- practical challenges of getting a rat to think tion about a particular place on cue,says Chongxi ()1.What is the second paragraph main- Lai,an author of the study. ly about? However,in a new study,Lai and other A.Rats can revisit a place mental- colleagues found a way around this problem ly. (68)练 Unit 5 Revealing nature B.Rats are similar to humans in captured(捕g获)and kept in small pools,1 navigation. for people,especially children.These dolphins C.Humans are not the only crea- are fed fish instead of having to hunt for them ture that can think. As a result,they start spending most of their D.Humans can imagine moving time near the 2 rather than underwater. through mental environments. They get out of shape and can no longer 3 ()2.What does the underlined word long distances.It affects their lifestyle greatly, “establish'”mean in Paragraph4？ and has proved to have 4 consequences. A.Wonder. B.Prove. Thus comes the question,"Should captive C.Stress. D.Doubt. dolphins be 5 ? ()3.Which of the following best de- Jeff Foster,a 55-year-old expert,decided scribes the function of the treadmill to help two captive dolphins,Tom and Misha, in the study? to reach their top physical condition.Every A.It measures the brain activity of day,he used to train the two dolphins to 6 rats. their wild homes again.Twenty months later, B.It records the running routes of Tom and Misha began to act like 7 rats. dolphins and they were released(放走)back C.It compares different states of into the sea. brain activity. Although Tom and Misha lived in capti- D.It connects the virtual reality area vity for 4~5 years,they were able to adapt to with rats. the wild.It was8 what Foster had hoped ()4.What can we infer from the last for.His dreams for the dolphins had finally paragraph? come true and he knew that the dolphins A.Rosenbaum is involved in the would 9 in the wild. study. This programme was a big challenge,but B.The study makes a contribution there have been others that failed.For to rats'evolution. example,another dolphin,Keiko,was released C.More research will be done on into the ocean in 2002,but 10a year later mental navigation because of all the misery(不幸)heIl D.The main function of the hip- The sudden environment change did not 12 pocampus is to navigate. him well. Ⅱ.完形填空 If people want to 13 these accidents, Every year,many dolphins worldwide are we must go to great lengths and put in the 练(69 N 高中英语选择性必修第一册（外研版） 14 to ensure it doesn't happen ever again. (）7.A.wild B.clever In fact,with virtual reality technology picking C.helpless D.harmless up,there can still be great ways to 15 kids ）8.A.hardly B.exactly with sea animals without having to capture C.possibly D.awfully dolphins ）9.A.train B.search (）l.A.waiting B.fighting C.survive D.produce C.competing D.performing ( )10.A.died B.escaped (）2.A.rock B.pool C.regretted D.challenged C.ocean D.surface ()11.A.led to B.brought up ()3.A.see B.dive C.looked into D.suffered from C.jump D.hear (）12.A.suit B.serve (）4.A.terrible B.potential C.defend D.prepare C.unexpected D.indirect ( ）13.A.forget B.avoid (）5.A.disturbed B.set free C.accept D.witness C.protected D.kept secret ()14.A.tank B.time (）6.A.get used to C.water D.effort B.get interested in (）15.A.inspire B.treat C.take care of C.entertain D.change D.make use of (70)练