Unit 3 Period 2 Using language（分层作业）英语外研版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 分层设计清晰，从词汇基础到语篇应用梯度递进，适配新授课差异化巩固需求，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A组巩固过关|词汇与基础语法|短语翻译、单词拼写，夯实语言能力基础| |B组能力进阶|句型应用与语法综合|完成句子、语法填空，衔接单一到综合知识点| |C组思维拔高|语篇分析与逻辑推理|阅读理解、七选五，培养分析推断等思维品质| |拓展链接高考|高考题型综合应用|真题阅读与语法填空，对接高考测评要求|

分层作业 Unit 3 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.令人钦佩的；极其出色的____________ 2．不寻常的；显著的；非凡的_____________ 3．创造性地；有创造力地会议____________ 4．建立，设立__________________ 5．大有希望的____________ 6．知识，学问；智慧___________________ 7．令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的__________ 8．认识；意识____________________ 9．很严重的__________ 10．参加，参与____________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman made the ________ (不寻常的) discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money. 2．Sometimes _______ （放弃）what you cannot get can make you feel relaxed. 3．________ (流播) online videos has become a popular way of entertainment. 4．The great ______ (不利) to living near a main road is noise. 5．_______(承认) that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. 6．________ (润色) our writing after drafting is an essential step to promote our writing 7．________ (徒步) in the national park allows you to explore scenic trails and fresh air. 8．We can’t ________ (作弊) in the exam if we really want to learn something. 9．________ (翻译) a poem from Chinese to English is very difficult because of cultural 三、单句语法填空。 1．It is no use (cry) over spilt milk in our daily life and study. 2． (combine) city life, nature, and wetlands makes the park a popular destination both for tourists and local residents. 3． (expose) to the sun for a long time is harmful to your skin. 4．What he did was really (remark) and he won wide praise. 5． (pronounce) the words correctly is very important in spoken English. 6． (reflect) on past mistakes helps us take better protective measures now. 7．His not (get) to the station on time made everyone worried last night. 8．In class, (discuss) actively with your partners will help you think differently. 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. ________ (早睡早起) is a good living habit. 2．当我想到我们作为中国公民最值得骄傲的事情时，帮助他人排在首位。 When I think of all the things that we as Chinese citizens can be most proud of,_____________. 3．As a whole, ________________ (拥有丰富的词汇) is important for English learners. 4．加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。 __________ a club is a good way to make __________. 5．________________ (提升生态意识) among young people is crucial for building a future generation that values and protects the natural world. 6．改变不良习惯从来都不容易，即使经过多次尝试。 __________ __________ bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. 五、语法填空 In the complex realm of competitive sports, every athlete is a warrior, part of an 8 (associate) that binds them with a shared purpose. Each shot they take, each bump and bounce they endure, 9 (be) a testament to their commitment. A single footstep on the court can signify the start of an arduous journey towards victory or a struggle against defeat. These athletes live by a philosophy that emphasizes 10 (integrate). They understand 11 to cheat is to undermine not only the game but also their own self-worth. Their daily routine involves 12 (constant) sharpening their skills, as they face tough opponents who are also vying for the top. The net that separates the two sides of the court is not just a physical barrier but a symbol of the challenge they must overcome. During the intense heat of the game, they might face setbacks. A 13 (miss) shot or a misstep can lead to a sense of defeat. However, it is in these moments that their self-relief mechanisms kick in. They draw on their inner 14 (strong), their steely nerve, to bounce back. Their 15 (remark) ability to seize the moment and turn the situation around is what sets them apart. Cooperation within the team is crucial. Each member is assigned a role, and they must work in harmony like the gears of a well-oiled machine. In the face of an opponent’s 16 (aggression) strategy, they burst through with a united front. The tournament becomes a stage where their true selves are revealed, and every action is under the microscope of expectation. Whether it’s a surgical strike of a well-executed play or a defensive stand against the opponent’s onslaught, these warriors of the sport continue to fight, 17 (know) that their journey is filled with both triumphs and trials, and that every effort contributes to the beautiful tapestry of the game. 六．阅读理解 In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 2．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 4．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 5．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 6．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 7．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 8．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. 七、七选五 The most important lesson that sports of all kinds teach us is the sense of discipline. A good sportsman must always learn to obey the rules of the games and the orders of the captain. Lawlessness has ruined many a promising career. The sportsman is never lawless. 1 He knows the value of the proverb — “He who knows how to obey will know how to command.” Discipline goes hand in hand with duty. On the playground, each individual has his own duty to perform. 2 It is his duty to help in winning games by obeying his captain. Discipline, duty, obedience are the great moral triangle that contributes to a strong character. Another great virtue which sports help us acquire is the will to win. Life is a struggle, a constant fight against difficulties and disappointments. A sportsman takes defeats and disappointments as true parts of a game. 3 Today he is defeated, but he knows that tomorrow he may win. 4 Look at the rowers in a boat: how harmonious are their strokes (划桨动作)! If one of them misses his rhythm the harmony will be destroyed. It is the same in the football field; the same everywhere. Unity of action is a great lesson which we can learn from sports. 5 The lessons learned on the playground will make us better soldiers in the battlefield of life. A．He knows how to obey. B．He has to carry out his share. C．Health means a sound mind in a sound body. D．He is not disheartened but prepares for a further effort. E．The true sportsman knows also the value of team spirit. F．They will inspire him to nerve himself to make greater efforts, to have stronger determination. G．So sports are good for not only the body, but the mind and the character. （2026·全国一卷·高考真题） SoFi Stadium Events This Month SoFi Stadium is the go-to destination in the heart of Los Angeles for sports fans. Its calendar is always packed with headline-grabbing events. Upcoming Football Events Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9    4:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v New Orleans Saints Sunday, August 10    5:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16    4:00 PM Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24    1:25 PM Nearby Hotels When attending an event at SoFi Stadium, you’re just a short walk or ride from several comfortable and classy hotels. Right across the street, Sonder Lüm Hotel offers spacious rooms and a rooftop pool. A mile away, the H Hotel Los Angeles, with its stylish design, is ideal for a nice stay between events. For those seeking both comfort and convenience, the Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel is just a short drive away. If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. Parking SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network. Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. Upon entering the correct zone, parking staff will guide you directly to a space. For those wishing to park near friends, all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together — spaces cannot be saved. 1．Which team will play the most games at the stadium this month? A．Dallas Cowboys. B．Los Angeles Rams. C．Los Angeles Chargers. D．New Orleans Saints. 2．Which hotel is nearest to the stadium? A．Sonder Lüm Hotel. B．The Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles. C．The H Hotel Los Angeles. D．The Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel. 3．What do you need to do if you want to park at the stadium? A．Call the parking staff. B．Prepay the parking fee. C．Obtain a parking pass. D．Choose a parking zone. （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 4．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 5．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 6．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 7．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 8．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 9．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 10．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 11．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 3 Period 2 Using language 目 录 A组 巩固过关 B组 能力进阶 C组 思维拔高 拓展 链接高考 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1.令人钦佩的；极其出色的____________ 2．不寻常的；显著的；非凡的_____________ 3．创造性地；有创造力地会议____________ 4．建立，设立__________________ 5．大有希望的____________ 6．知识，学问；智慧___________________ 7．令人钦佩的，给人印象深刻的__________ 8．认识；意识____________________ 9．很严重的__________ 10．参加，参与____________________ 【答案】 1．admirable 2．remarkable 3．creatively 4．establish 5．promising 6．wisdom 7．impressive 8．awareness 9．severe 10．engage 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman made the ________ (不寻常的) discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money. 2．Sometimes _______ （放弃）what you cannot get can make you feel relaxed. 3．________ (流播) online videos has become a popular way of entertainment. 4．The great ______ (不利) to living near a main road is noise. 5．_______(承认) that you can’t remember someone’s name can actually make people relaxed. 6．________ (润色) our writing after drafting is an essential step to promote our writing 7．________ (徒步) in the national park allows you to explore scenic trails and fresh air. 8．We can’t ________ (作弊) in the exam if we really want to learn something. 9．________ (翻译) a poem from Chinese to English is very difficult because of cultural 【答案】 1．remarkable 2．quitting 3. Streaming 4. disadvantage 5．Admitting 6．Polishing 7．Hiking 8．cheat 9．Translating 三、单句语法填空。 1．It is no use (cry) over spilt milk in our daily life and study. 2． (combine) city life, nature, and wetlands makes the park a popular destination both for tourists and local residents. 3． (expose) to the sun for a long time is harmful to your skin. 4．What he did was really (remark) and he won wide praise. 5． (pronounce) the words correctly is very important in spoken English. 6． (reflect) on past mistakes helps us take better protective measures now. 7．His not (get) to the station on time made everyone worried last night. 8．In class, (discuss) actively with your partners will help you think differently. 答案：1．crying 2．Combining 3．Being exposed 4．remarkable 5．Pronouncing 6．Reflecting 7．getting 8．discussing 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. ________ (早睡早起) is a good living habit. 2．当我想到我们作为中国公民最值得骄傲的事情时，帮助他人排在首位。 When I think of all the things that we as Chinese citizens can be most proud of,_____________. 3．As a whole, ________________ (拥有丰富的词汇) is important for English learners. 4．加入社团是一个很好的交友方式。 __________ a club is a good way to make __________. 5．________________ (提升生态意识) among young people is crucial for building a future generation that values and protects the natural world. 6．改变不良习惯从来都不容易，即使经过多次尝试。 __________ __________ bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. 【答案】 1．Going to bed early and getting up early 2．helping others comes at the top of this list 3．having a rich vocabulary 4．Joining friends 5．Raising ecological awareness 6. Giving up 五、语法填空 In the complex realm of competitive sports, every athlete is a warrior, part of an 8 (associate) that binds them with a shared purpose. Each shot they take, each bump and bounce they endure, 9 (be) a testament to their commitment. A single footstep on the court can signify the start of an arduous journey towards victory or a struggle against defeat. These athletes live by a philosophy that emphasizes 10 (integrate). They understand 11 to cheat is to undermine not only the game but also their own self-worth. Their daily routine involves 12 (constant) sharpening their skills, as they face tough opponents who are also vying for the top. The net that separates the two sides of the court is not just a physical barrier but a symbol of the challenge they must overcome. During the intense heat of the game, they might face setbacks. A 13 (miss) shot or a misstep can lead to a sense of defeat. However, it is in these moments that their self-relief mechanisms kick in. They draw on their inner 14 (strong), their steely nerve, to bounce back. Their 15 (remark) ability to seize the moment and turn the situation around is what sets them apart. Cooperation within the team is crucial. Each member is assigned a role, and they must work in harmony like the gears of a well-oiled machine. In the face of an opponent’s 16 (aggression) strategy, they burst through with a united front. The tournament becomes a stage where their true selves are revealed, and every action is under the microscope of expectation. Whether it’s a surgical strike of a well-executed play or a defensive stand against the opponent’s onslaught, these warriors of the sport continue to fight, 17 (know) that their journey is filled with both triumphs and trials, and that every effort contributes to the beautiful tapestry of the game. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了竞技体育领域中运动员的情况，一方面强调运动员秉持诚信的理念，不断磨炼技能应对对手，另一方面阐述运动员在比赛受挫时依靠自我排解机制恢复，团队合作至关重要，比赛是展现运动员自我的舞台，充满了挑战与机遇。 【详解】8．考查名词。句意：在竞技体育这个复杂的领域中，每位运动员都是勇士，是将他们与共同目标联系在一起的团队的一部分。此处为名词作宾语，associate是动词 “使联合；使有联系” 等意思，其名词association表示“协会；社团”，且空前有不定冠词an，所以此处使用名词单数。故填 association。 9．考查谓语动词。句意：他们所打出的每一次击球，所承受的每一次碰撞和弹跳，都是他们投入的证明。此处为谓语动词，主语为“Each shot they take, each bump and bounce they endure”，两个或多个“each+单数名词”结构并列作主语时，谓语用单数；且这里描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is。 10．考查名词。句意：这些运动员所秉持的理念强调正直。此处为名词作emphasizes的宾语，integrate是动词，意为“使结合；使一体化”，其名词形式为 integrity 意为“正直；诚实；完整”，且为不可数名词。故填integrity。 11．考查宾语从句。句意：他们明白作弊不仅会破坏比赛，还会损害自己的自我价值。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作understand的宾语，从句中不缺任何句子成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填that。 12．考查副词。句意：他们的日常训练包括不断地磨砺自己的技能，因为他们要面对同样在争夺冠军的强劲对手。此处为副词来修饰动词sharpening，constant的副词形式constantly表示“不断地”。故填constantly。 13．考查过去分词。句意：一次没打中（失误）的击球或者一次失误的脚步移动都可能导致失败感。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词shot，miss是动词“错过；未击中” 的意思，与名词shot之间为动宾关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式表被动。故填missed。 14．考查名词。句意：他们依靠自己内心的力量，钢铁般的意志，来重新振作。此处为名词作draw on的宾语，strong的名词strength“力量”符合句意。故填strength。 15．考查形容词。句意：他们抓住时机扭转局势的非凡能力使他们与众不同。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词ability，remark的形容词为remarkable，表示“非凡的；显著的”符合句意。故填remarkable。 16．考查形容词。句意：面对对手的激进（攻击性）策略，他们团结一心突破困境。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词strategy，aggression的形容词形式为aggressive，表示“侵略性的，攻击性的”，符合句意。故填aggressive。 17．考查现在分词。句意：这些体育健儿们继续战斗，他们知道自己的征程充满了胜利与考验，并且每一次努力都为这场比赛这幅美丽的画卷添彩。此处为非谓语动词作状语，know的逻辑主语是these warriors of the sport之间是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式knowing。故填knowing。 六．阅读理解 In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 1．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 2．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 3．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 4．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is. In the study, 187 people were invited to visit Kettle’s Yard gallery during an exhibition of handmade clay objects. Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself. All participants were then tested on how they process information, and whether it’s in a more practical or abstract way. Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking. While they were told the study was about cognitive processes, participants were asked about interests, with around half saying they had an artistic hobby. Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group. Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience. “We usually think in very concrete terms when doing something on a screen,” said Simone Schnall, senior author of the study. “It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.” 5．What was the beauty group asked to do with the clay objects? A．Draw their outlines. B．Give each piece a rating. C．Compare their prices. D．Make a copy of each piece. 6．Which participants got the highest score on average in the test? A．Beauty group, with an artistic hobby. B．Beauty group, without an artistic hobby. C．Control group, with an artistic hobby. D．Control group, without an artistic hobby. 7．Why were the participants’ emotional states measured? A．To discover their attitudes towards art. B．To identify their specific thinking patterns. C．To examine the difficulty of the tasks. D．To determine factors behind the test results. 8．What is the major finding of the study regarding the appreciation of art? A．It enhances emotional ties. B．It needs critical thinking skills. C．It creates positive feelings. D．It encourages abstract thinking. 答案1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive ( 认知的 ) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 七、七选五 The most important lesson that sports of all kinds teach us is the sense of discipline. A good sportsman must always learn to obey the rules of the games and the orders of the captain. Lawlessness has ruined many a promising career. The sportsman is never lawless. 1 He knows the value of the proverb — “He who knows how to obey will know how to command.” Discipline goes hand in hand with duty. On the playground, each individual has his own duty to perform. 2 It is his duty to help in winning games by obeying his captain. Discipline, duty, obedience are the great moral triangle that contributes to a strong character. Another great virtue which sports help us acquire is the will to win. Life is a struggle, a constant fight against difficulties and disappointments. A sportsman takes defeats and disappointments as true parts of a game. 3 Today he is defeated, but he knows that tomorrow he may win. 4 Look at the rowers in a boat: how harmonious are their strokes (划桨动作)! If one of them misses his rhythm the harmony will be destroyed. It is the same in the football field; the same everywhere. Unity of action is a great lesson which we can learn from sports. 5 The lessons learned on the playground will make us better soldiers in the battlefield of life. A．He knows how to obey. B．He has to carry out his share. C．Health means a sound mind in a sound body. D．He is not disheartened but prepares for a further effort. E．The true sportsman knows also the value of team spirit. F．They will inspire him to nerve himself to make greater efforts, to have stronger determination. G．So sports are good for not only the body, but the mind and the character. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了为什么一个好的运动员必须学会遵守纪律和服从命令。 【详解】1．由上文“The sportsman is never lawless. (运动员从不违法)”和下文“He knows the value of the proverb — “He who knows how to obey will know how to command.”(他知道这句谚语的价值——“懂得服从的人就会懂得指挥。”)”可知，运动员需要遵守纪律，空处内容应说明运动员知道如何去服从命令，A选项“他知道如何服从。”切合语境。故选A项。 2．由上文“On the playground, each individual has his own duty to perform. (在操场上，每个人都有自己的职责)”和下文“It is his duty to help in winning games by obeying his captain. (他有责任服从队长，帮助赢得比赛)”可知，空处内容应与运动员要履行自己的职责有关，B选项“他必须履行他的职责。”切合语境。故选B项。 3．由上文“A sportsman takes defeats and disappointments as true parts of a game. (运动员把失败和失望视为比赛的真实部分)”和下文“Today he is defeated, but he knows that tomorrow he may win. (今天他输了，但他知道明天他可能会赢)”可知，空处内容应与失败和失望对运动员的影响有关，且选项F中的代词They指代上文中的 defeats and disappointments，F选项“它们将激励他鼓起勇气，做出更大的努力，下更大的决心。”切合语境。故选F项。 4．由下文“Look at the rowers in a boat: how harmonious are their strokes (划桨动作)! If one of them misses his rhythm the harmony will be destroyed. (看看船上的划手：他们的划水多么和谐啊！如果其中一个错过了他的节奏，和谐就会被破坏)”和“Unity of action is a great lesson which we can learn from sports. (行动的统一是我们可以从体育运动中学到的一个很好的教训)”可知，划船者有团队精神，才能划得和谐，行动的统一是合作精神的体现，空处内容应讲述真正的运动员明白团队精神的重要性，E选项“真正的运动员也知道团队精神的价值。”切合语境。故选E项。 5．由下文“The lessons learned on the playground will make us better soldiers in the battlefield of life. (在操场上学到的教训将使我们成为生活战场上更好的士兵)”可知，运动场上学到的教训对我们的生活有好处，G选项“因此，运动不仅有益于身体，而且有益于精神和性格。”切合语境。故选G项。 （2026·全国一卷·高考真题） SoFi Stadium Events This Month SoFi Stadium is the go-to destination in the heart of Los Angeles for sports fans. Its calendar is always packed with headline-grabbing events. Upcoming Football Events Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9    4:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v New Orleans Saints Sunday, August 10    5:00 PM Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16    4:00 PM Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24    1:25 PM Nearby Hotels When attending an event at SoFi Stadium, you’re just a short walk or ride from several comfortable and classy hotels. Right across the street, Sonder Lüm Hotel offers spacious rooms and a rooftop pool. A mile away, the H Hotel Los Angeles, with its stylish design, is ideal for a nice stay between events. For those seeking both comfort and convenience, the Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel is just a short drive away. If you’re willing to drive a little further, the Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles promises luxurious rooms and extensive leisure facilities — perfect for turning a game day into a great weekend escape. Parking SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass. If you enter through the wrong access point, you’ll be turned around and redirected — so plan ahead. Each parking zone consists of multiple lots, designed to efficiently manage traffic across the venue’s network. Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival. Upon entering the correct zone, parking staff will guide you directly to a space. For those wishing to park near friends, all vehicles must have passes for the same zone and arrive together — spaces cannot be saved. 1．Which team will play the most games at the stadium this month? A．Dallas Cowboys. B．Los Angeles Rams. C．Los Angeles Chargers. D．New Orleans Saints. 2．Which hotel is nearest to the stadium? A．Sonder Lüm Hotel. B．The Ritz-Carlton Los Angeles. C．The H Hotel Los Angeles. D．The Renaissance Los Angeles Airport Hotel. 3．What do you need to do if you want to park at the stadium? A．Call the parking staff. B．Prepay the parking fee. C．Obtain a parking pass. D．Choose a parking zone. （2026·全国一卷·高考真题）Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary. I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” After a while, he looked at me and asked, “Do you know all these words, Mom?” I smiled. “I definitely do not know all these words,” I said. “But that’s why this is one of my favorite books.” I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. Kevin wanted to see the dictionary. I felt a small pain in my chest. The dictionary was stolen at the end of my freshman year of college. “That’s so sad,” he said, “but you still know all those words, even without the book.” I realized that this was true. I still made it through the next three years of college, even without the book. And it wasn’t, ultimately, the dictionary that got me there — not really. Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. 4．What does Kevin usually do to get the meaning of a word? A．Use electronic devices. B．Consult a paper dictionary. C．Guess from the context. D．Turn to his English teacher. 5．How did Kevin feel while looking up the word in the dictionary? A．Annoyed. B．Disappointed. C．Encouraged. D．Astonished. 6．What can we learn about the author’s first dictionary? A．It helped her through college. B．It was given to Kevin as a gift. C．It bore witness to her efforts. D．It was a valuable limited edition. 7．What has the author come to realize about learning? A．It is never too late to start. B．Motivation is what really matters. C．Children need role models. D．Dictionaries are still a useful tool. In line with longstanding initiatives to expand its green spaces, New York City is planting tens of thousands of trees each year. They provide shade, lower surface temperatures, absorb a surprising amount of airborne carbon, remove tiny pollutants, and provide wildlife habitat along with just plain beauty. Something could go wrong, though, according to a new study. Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. The research, carried out by scientists at the Columbia Climate School and other institutions, found that if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. “We’re all for planting more trees. They bring so many good things,” said study coauthor Róisín Commane. “But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse.” The Parks Department is not oblivious to the issue. A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. “We didn’t make a big deal of that,” said Novem Auyeung, a Parks Department senior scientist. She said trees should not be viewed as the enemy. “We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle,” she said. “We’re not going to go cutting down any big old oaks,” and neither will the department completely stop planting new ones, said Auyeung. “You have to think about what you would lose if you do that.” Oaks are keystone species, she pointed out, providing food and habitat for native insects, birds and other animals. 8．What does the new study imply regarding oaks and sweetgums? A．They affect the growth of other trees. B．They absorb less carbon than expected. C．They harm people’s health indirectly. D．They raise the local temperature slowly. 9．Which of the following may Commane suggest based on their study? A．Cutting down the isoprene-producing trees. B．Suspending tree-planting for a few decades. C．Changing the species of trees in new plantings. D．Removing isoprene released by existing trees. 10．What does the underlined phrase “oblivious to” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Honest about. B．Unaware of. C．Related to. D．Optimistic about. 11．What would Auyeung probably advocate? A．Reducing car use in daily life. B．Providing animals with new habitats. C．Controlling population growth. D．Doing more research on the problem. 答案：1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】主要介绍索菲体育场本月足球赛事安排、周边配套酒店以及入场停车的各项具体规则要求。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Upcoming Football Events表格中的“Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9 4:00 PM；Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16  4:00 PM；Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24 1:25 PM (洛杉矶公羊队对阵达拉斯牛仔队，8月9日周六下午4点；洛杉矶闪电队对阵洛杉矶公羊队，8月16日周六下午4点；洛杉矶公羊队对阵休斯顿德州人队，8月24日周日下午1点25分)”可知，洛杉矶公羊队一共有三场比赛，参赛场次最多。 2．细节理解题。根据Nearby Hotels部分中的“Right across the street, Sonder Lüm Hotel offers spacious rooms and a rooftop pool.(就在马路对面，桑德吕姆酒店配有宽敞客房和屋顶泳池。)”可知，该酒店就在体育场街对面，距离最近。 3．细节理解题。根据Parking部分中的“SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass.(索菲体育场要求车辆必须停在指定区域，访客必须凭借彩色数字停车券上标注的对应大门入场。)”以及“Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival.(抵达前务必将停车券下载到手机中。)”可知，想要在体育场停车必须提前获取停车券。4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者回忆自己通过纸质词典学习单词的经历，并与儿子使用电子设备查询单词的方式形成对比，最终意识到学习的本质在于好奇心与求知欲。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. (不久前，我上五年级的儿子Kevin问我一本小说里某个词的意思。“查字典，”我回答。“但是我的屏幕使用时间已经用完了，”他说。我刻意地看向放着至少三本字典的书架，Kevin夸张地叹了口气。“你就不能用你的手机查吗？”他问道。)”可知，作者提示Kevin用纸质词典查单词，但他想用手机，说明Kevin通常使用电子设备来获取单词的意思。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” (我取下一本字典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后我把它递给了他。他试了好几次才找到那个词。在翻阅书页时，他睁大眼睛不停地说：“怎么会有这么多单词?”)”可知，Kevin查字典才发现有那么多单词，他感到很惊讶。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. (我的第一本字典是我13岁生日时的礼物。我决定要尽可能多地学习单词，并开始用铅笔在我查过的每个词条旁做标记来衡量自己的进步。我持续做这些铅笔标记多年，上大学时，我把那本字典装进了行李箱)”可知，作者的第一本字典见证了她进入大学之前的整个努力过程。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. (现在我明白了，虽然我的儿子可能以不同的方式学习，但他仍在学习。重要的不是单词本身或我们如何学习它们，而是想知道它们的欲望、好奇心和求知欲)”可知，作者意识到学习的真正关键在于动机和好奇心。 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 4 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 分层作业 Unit 3 Period 2 Using language 1、 将下列短语翻译为英文。 1．admirable 2．remarkable 3．creatively 4．establish 5．promising 6．wisdom 7．impressive 8．awareness 9．severe 10．engage 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1．remarkable 2．quitting 3. Streaming 4. disadvantage 5．Admitting 6．Polishing 7．Hiking 8．cheat 9．Translating 三、单句语法填空。 答案：1．crying 2．Combining 3．Being exposed 4．remarkable 5．Pronouncing 6．Reflecting 7．getting 8．discussing 四、根据汉语意思完成句子 1．Going to bed early and getting up early 2．helping others comes at the top of this list 3．having a rich vocabulary 4．Joining friends 5．Raising ecological awareness 6. Giving up 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了竞技体育领域中运动员的情况，一方面强调运动员秉持诚信的理念，不断磨炼技能应对对手，另一方面阐述运动员在比赛受挫时依靠自我排解机制恢复，团队合作至关重要，比赛是展现运动员自我的舞台，充满了挑战与机遇。 【详解】8．考查名词。句意：在竞技体育这个复杂的领域中，每位运动员都是勇士，是将他们与共同目标联系在一起的团队的一部分。此处为名词作宾语，associate是动词 “使联合；使有联系” 等意思，其名词association表示“协会；社团”，且空前有不定冠词an，所以此处使用名词单数。故填 association。 9．考查谓语动词。句意：他们所打出的每一次击球，所承受的每一次碰撞和弹跳，都是他们投入的证明。此处为谓语动词，主语为“Each shot they take, each bump and bounce they endure”，两个或多个“each+单数名词”结构并列作主语时，谓语用单数；且这里描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is。 10．考查名词。句意：这些运动员所秉持的理念强调正直。此处为名词作emphasizes的宾语，integrate是动词，意为“使结合；使一体化”，其名词形式为 integrity 意为“正直；诚实；完整”，且为不可数名词。故填integrity。 11．考查宾语从句。句意：他们明白作弊不仅会破坏比赛，还会损害自己的自我价值。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作understand的宾语，从句中不缺任何句子成分，且句意完整，所以此处使用连接词that。故填that。 12．考查副词。句意：他们的日常训练包括不断地磨砺自己的技能，因为他们要面对同样在争夺冠军的强劲对手。此处为副词来修饰动词sharpening，constant的副词形式constantly表示“不断地”。故填constantly。 13．考查过去分词。句意：一次没打中（失误）的击球或者一次失误的脚步移动都可能导致失败感。此处为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词shot，miss是动词“错过；未击中” 的意思，与名词shot之间为动宾关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式表被动。故填missed。 14．考查名词。句意：他们依靠自己内心的力量，钢铁般的意志，来重新振作。此处为名词作draw on的宾语，strong的名词strength“力量”符合句意。故填strength。 15．考查形容词。句意：他们抓住时机扭转局势的非凡能力使他们与众不同。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词ability，remark的形容词为remarkable，表示“非凡的；显著的”符合句意。故填remarkable。 16．考查形容词。句意：面对对手的激进（攻击性）策略，他们团结一心突破困境。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词strategy，aggression的形容词形式为aggressive，表示“侵略性的，攻击性的”，符合句意。故填aggressive。 17．考查现在分词。句意：这些体育健儿们继续战斗，他们知道自己的征程充满了胜利与考验，并且每一次努力都为这场比赛这幅美丽的画卷添彩。此处为非谓语动词作状语，know的逻辑主语是these warriors of the sport之间是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词形式knowing。故填knowing。 六、阅读理解 答案1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 3．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 5．B 6．A 7．D 8．D 【导语】主要介绍剑桥心理学家开展对照实验，对比单纯观赏艺术品和主动评判美感分别带来的认知影响，并解读实验结论：主动欣赏艺术之美能够促进抽象思维，让人跳出具体、狭隘的思维方式。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Participants were randomly divided into two groups: the “beauty” group was asked to actively consider and then rate the beauty of each object they viewed, while the control group just matched a line drawing of the object with the artwork itself.(参与者被随机分成两组：“美感组”被要求主动思考，然后为他们所观看的每一件物品的美感打分，而对照组只是把物品的线条图和这件艺术品实物进行配对。)”可知，美感组要为每件作品打分评级。 6．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Among those, the effect was greater: those with an artistic hobby in the beauty group scored over 25% higher on average for abstract thinking than those with an artistic hobby in the control group.(在那些人当中，效果更加显著：美感组中有艺术爱好的受试者，其抽象思维平均分比对照组中有艺术爱好的受试者高出25%以上。)”以及第四段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group.(在所有受试者中，审美组受试者所报告的 “蜕变感与自我超越感”（诸如感动、豁然开朗、备受鼓舞这类情绪）平均水平，比对照组高出23%。)”可知，拥有艺术爱好的美感组成员测试平均分最高。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Emotional states of participants were also measured by asking about their feelings while completing the gallery task. Across all participants, those in the beauty group reported an average of 23% higher levels of “transformative and self-transcendent feelings” — such as feeling moved, enlightened and inspired — than the control group. Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.(研究人员还通过询问受试者在参观美术馆任务过程中的内心感受，测评了他们的情绪状态。在全部受试者里，美感组汇报的“蜕变感与自我超越感”（例如心生触动、豁然开悟、备受鼓舞等感受）平均分值，比对照组高出23%。但关键的一点是，美感组并未表示自己比对照组更快乐。这就说明，是对美的感知体验影响了抽象思维能力，而非这段经历带来的整体积极情绪在起作用。)”可知，研究者通过检测情绪，排除了积极情绪干扰，找到了造成两组测试分数差距的真实原因，也就是确定测试结果背后的影响因素。 8．推理判断题。根据第一段的“A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive ( 认知的 ) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.(剑桥大学的一组心理学家进行了一项实验，旨在比较仅仅观看艺术作品与主动评判其美感所产生的认知效应。)”；第三段中的“Across all participants, those in the beauty group scored almost 14% higher on average than the control group in abstract thinking.(在所有参与者中，美感组的抽象思维平均分比对照组高出近 14%。)”以及第五段中的“Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.(欣赏艺术之美或许是启动抽象认知过程的理想途径。)”可知，实验全程数据都体现出主动品鉴艺术美感可以提升抽象思维得分，研究者最终也证实欣赏艺术能够启动抽象认知过程，因此推断欣赏艺术之美促进抽象思维。 七、七选五 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．F 4．E 5．G 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了了为什么一个好的运动员必须学会遵守纪律和服从命令。 【详解】1．由上文“The sportsman is never lawless. (运动员从不违法)”和下文“He knows the value of the proverb — “He who knows how to obey will know how to command.”(他知道这句谚语的价值——“懂得服从的人就会懂得指挥。”)”可知，运动员需要遵守纪律，空处内容应说明运动员知道如何去服从命令，A选项“他知道如何服从。”切合语境。故选A项。 2．由上文“On the playground, each individual has his own duty to perform. (在操场上，每个人都有自己的职责)”和下文“It is his duty to help in winning games by obeying his captain. (他有责任服从队长，帮助赢得比赛)”可知，空处内容应与运动员要履行自己的职责有关，B选项“他必须履行他的职责。”切合语境。故选B项。 3．由上文“A sportsman takes defeats and disappointments as true parts of a game. (运动员把失败和失望视为比赛的真实部分)”和下文“Today he is defeated, but he knows that tomorrow he may win. (今天他输了，但他知道明天他可能会赢)”可知，空处内容应与失败和失望对运动员的影响有关，且选项F中的代词They指代上文中的 defeats and disappointments，F选项“它们将激励他鼓起勇气，做出更大的努力，下更大的决心。”切合语境。故选F项。 4．由下文“Look at the rowers in a boat: how harmonious are their strokes (划桨动作)! If one of them misses his rhythm the harmony will be destroyed. (看看船上的划手：他们的划水多么和谐啊！如果其中一个错过了他的节奏，和谐就会被破坏)”和“Unity of action is a great lesson which we can learn from sports. (行动的统一是我们可以从体育运动中学到的一个很好的教训)”可知，划船者有团队精神，才能划得和谐，行动的统一是合作精神的体现，空处内容应讲述真正的运动员明白团队精神的重要性，E选项“真正的运动员也知道团队精神的价值。”切合语境。故选E项。 5．由下文“The lessons learned on the playground will make us better soldiers in the battlefield of life. (在操场上学到的教训将使我们成为生活战场上更好的士兵)”可知，运动场上学到的教训对我们的生活有好处，G选项“因此，运动不仅有益于身体，而且有益于精神和性格。”切合语境。故选G项。 答案：1．B 2．A 3．C 【导语】主要介绍索菲体育场本月足球赛事安排、周边配套酒店以及入场停车的各项具体规则要求。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Upcoming Football Events表格中的“Los Angeles Rams v Dallas Cowboys Saturday, August 9 4:00 PM；Los Angeles Chargers v Los Angeles Rams Saturday, August 16  4:00 PM；Los Angeles Rams v Houston Texans Sunday, August 24 1:25 PM (洛杉矶公羊队对阵达拉斯牛仔队，8月9日周六下午4点；洛杉矶闪电队对阵洛杉矶公羊队，8月16日周六下午4点；洛杉矶公羊队对阵休斯顿德州人队，8月24日周日下午1点25分)”可知，洛杉矶公羊队一共有三场比赛，参赛场次最多。 2．细节理解题。根据Nearby Hotels部分中的“Right across the street, Sonder Lüm Hotel offers spacious rooms and a rooftop pool.(就在马路对面，桑德吕姆酒店配有宽敞客房和屋顶泳池。)”可知，该酒店就在体育场街对面，距离最近。 3．细节理解题。根据Parking部分中的“SoFi Stadium requires you to park strictly in your assigned zone, and guests must enter through the exact gate indicated on their color-coded digital parking pass.(索菲体育场要求车辆必须停在指定区域，访客必须凭借彩色数字停车券上标注的对应大门入场。)”以及“Make sure to download your parking pass to your smartphone before arrival.(抵达前务必将停车券下载到手机中。)”可知，想要在体育场停车必须提前获取停车券。4．A 5．D 6．C 7．B 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者回忆自己通过纸质词典学习单词的经历，并与儿子使用电子设备查询单词的方式形成对比，最终意识到学习的本质在于好奇心与求知欲。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Not long ago, my fifth-grade son Kevin asked me about the meaning of a word in a novel. “Look it up,” I responded. “But my screen time is off,” he said. I looked pointedly at the bookshelf that held at least three dictionaries, and Kevin sighed (叹气) dramatically. “Can’t you just use your phone?” he asked. (不久前，我上五年级的儿子Kevin问我一本小说里某个词的意思。“查字典，”我回答。“但是我的屏幕使用时间已经用完了，”他说。我刻意地看向放着至少三本字典的书架，Kevin夸张地叹了口气。“你就不能用你的手机查吗？”他问道。)”可知，作者提示Kevin用纸质词典查单词，但他想用手机，说明Kevin通常使用电子设备来获取单词的意思。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“I took down one of the dictionaries, and we read it together for a few minutes before I handed it to him. It took him a few tries to find the word in question. While going through the pages, he kept saying, wide-eyed: “How can there be this many words?” (我取下一本字典，我们一起读了几分钟，然后我把它递给了他。他试了好几次才找到那个词。在翻阅书页时，他睁大眼睛不停地说：“怎么会有这么多单词?”)”可知，Kevin查字典才发现有那么多单词，他感到很惊讶。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段“I had my first dictionary as a gift for my 13th birthday. I decided that I wanted to learn as many words as I could and started marking every entry I looked up with a pencil to measure my progress. I continued to make these pencil marks for years, and when I went off to college, I packed that dictionary in my suitcase. (我的第一本字典是我13岁生日时的礼物。我决定要尽可能多地学习单词，并开始用铅笔在我查过的每个词条旁做标记来衡量自己的进步。我持续做这些铅笔标记多年，上大学时，我把那本字典装进了行李箱)”可知，作者的第一本字典见证了她进入大学之前的整个努力过程。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Now I understand that although my son may be learning differently, he is still learning. It’s not about the words themselves or how we learn them, but the wanting to know them, the curiosity and the appetite. (现在我明白了，虽然我的儿子可能以不同的方式学习，但他仍在学习。重要的不是单词本身或我们如何学习它们，而是想知道它们的欲望、好奇心和求知欲)”可知，作者意识到学习的真正关键在于动机和好奇心。 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 【导语】本文介绍纽约市大力植树改善城市环境，但研究发现当地主流树种橡树和枫香树会释放异戊二烯，间接加剧臭氧污染、影响空气质量，相关部门也对此问题给出了应对态度与看法。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第二段“Oaks and sweetgums, which currently account for a majority of the city’s trees, produce huge amounts of a chemical substance called isoprene. Harmless by itself, isoprene interacts rapidly with polluting nitrogen oxides released by vehicles, buildings and industry to form ground-level ozone (臭氧) — a major factor in many breathing problems. (橡树和枫香树目前占该市树木的大多数，它们会产生大量名为异戊二烯的化学物质。异戊二烯本身无害，但会迅速与车辆、建筑和工业排放的污染性氮氧化物发生反应，形成地面臭氧——这是许多呼吸问题的主要因素。)”可知，橡树和枫香树释放的化学物质和污染物结合形成地面臭氧，而臭氧是引发多种呼吸疾病的主要因素，由此可知这类树木会间接危害人体健康。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“if the city maintains past species patterns in new plantings, isoprene production in Manhattan in coming decades will go up by about 140%, and resulting summer ozone levels as much as 30%. (如果该市在新种植的植物中保持以往的物种分布模式，未来几十年曼哈顿的异戊二烯产量将增加约140%，由此导致的夏季臭氧水平将上升多达30%。)”可知，Commane认为如果继续沿用以往的树种种植模式，未来异戊二烯和臭氧含量会大幅上升，再结合第四段Commane所说“But if we’re not careful, we could make air quality worse. (但如果我们不够谨慎，可能会使空气质量变得更差。)”可推断，她会建议更换新种植树木的品种。 10．词句猜测题。根据划线短语后文“A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene. (几年前，该局的一些研究人员进行的一项研究得出结论，城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。)”可知，公园部门并非没有意识到城市树木会释放异戊二烯这个问题。从而推知，画划线短语“oblivious to”意为“未觉察、不注意”，与B项“Unaware of”意思一致。 11．推理判断题。根据第五段Auyeung的话“We could plant any trees we want to, if we just rethink our car-centric lifestyle (只要我们反思以汽车为中心的生活方式，就可以随意种植树木)”可推知，她会提倡日常生活中减少汽车使用。 2 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $