Unit 2 Sports and Fitness (复习讲义) 英语北师大版必修第一册

该高中英语复习讲义以“人与社会”主题语境为核心，通过表格梳理、分类归纳构建Unit 2 Sports and Fitness的知识体系。核心词汇部分用“词族拓展+固定搭配+易混辨析”框架呈现，语法模块以关系代词用法表、不定代词分类表清晰展示重难点，话题词汇按“运动项目-健康习惯-体育精神”分层罗列，形成连贯知识脉络。 讲义亮点在于“基础-能力-应用”三级练习设计，如核心词汇配备单句语法填空与微写作（如用balance描述权衡利弊场景），语法部分结合即时检测与句式转换，书面表达提供“审题谋篇-句式升级”分步指导，培养语言能力与思维品质。分层练习满足不同学生需求，知识框架图与易错辨析表助力自主复习，为教师精准教学提供系统支持。

北师大版必修第一册Unit 2 Sports and Fitness（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境“人与社会”，涵盖“社会服务与人际沟通”与“文学艺术与体育” 2.重点掌握语境"运动"和"健康"两大主题内容，认识运动项目、理解体育精神，到学习科学健身等相关词汇和短语 3语法掌握关系代词的用法；不定代词的用法； 4.掌握记叙文写法。 复习重难点 重点：关系代词的用法，不定代词的用法。 难点：how to write a true story 单元词汇 知识点1：核心词汇 1、 track n．轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道 vt.&vi.(tracked, tracked, tracking) 追踪 词族拓展 tracker n. 追踪者→ tracking n. 追踪 【固定搭配】 keep track of 记录…… keep to the track 顺着道儿走 on the track of 跟踪，追赶，尾随 lose track of 不了解，与…… 失去联系 be on the right/wrong track 思路正确 / 错误；在正确 / 错误的轨道上 track and field 田径运动 track down 追踪到 track through 穿过去 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① We followed his ________ (track) through the snow. ② The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics ________ (be) the 50­kilometre race walk. ③ Previous methods for ________ (track) the population of polar bears haven't been employed. ④ Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays ________ (make) sure nothing slips by you. 【能力提升・微写作】 ⑤ 他们穿过森林的泥泞小路。 They passed a muddy ________ through the forest. 【语料积累】 You are not the answer but you are on the right ________. —— 答案虽不是这个，但你的思路方向是对的。 Thousands of miles of railway ________ have been built across the country. —— 全国修建了数千英里铁路轨道。 【易混辨析】 track 侧重小径、跑道、人 / 动物留下的踪迹； path 多指乡间小路； road 指通车的大路。 2、balance | n. [C] pl. balances 均衡；天平；余额 [U] 均衡 vt.(balanced, balanced, balancing) 权衡；平衡 adj. 均衡的 (balanced) 词族拓展 | balanced adj. 均衡的→balance n. 平衡 【固定搭配】 keep/lose one's balance 保持 / 失去平衡 keep a balance between... and... 保持…… 与…… 的平衡 a sense of balance 平衡感 balance A against B 权衡 / 斟酌 / 比较 A 和 B 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① You must balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages before making the final decision. ② It would be a good idea if you could keep a ________ (balance) diet to keep physically healthy. ③ A good sense of ________ (balance) is always useful when you are sailing. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 权衡利弊之后，大卫擦掉眼泪，挣扎着站起来，向起跑线走去，嘴角露出轻松的微笑。 After ________ the advantages against the disadvantages，David wiped away the tears，struggled to his feet and made his way to the starting line，a relaxed smile appearing at the corners of his mouth.（读后续写） 【语料积累】 We should keep a balance between study and relaxation. —— 我们应当平衡学习与休息。 He lost his balance and fell off the bike. —— 他失去平衡，从自行车上摔了下来。 【易混辨析】 balance 侧重平衡状态； equilibrium 多用于科学术语平衡。 3、 replace | vt. (replaced, replaced, replacing) 代替；取代；把…… 放回原处 n. 替换 (replacement) 词族拓展 | replacement n．替换的人 (物) 【固定搭配】 replace... with/by... 用…… 替换…… replace... as... 取代…… 而成为…… take the place of sb＝take sb's place 代替某人 in place of 代替 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① In spring, the snow was ________ (replace) by mud over ice. ② Talking online is no ________ (replace) for face­to­face communication. ③ After reading the magazine, be sure ________ (replace) it on the bookshelf. 【能力提升・句式转换】 ④ Talking online is no replacement for face­to­face communication.（改为主动句） Talking online cannot ________ face­to­face communication. 【语料积累】 Coal will not be replaced by clean energy in a short time. —— 煤炭短期内不会被清洁能源取代。 I will take your place to attend the meeting.＝I will replace you to attend the meeting. —— 我将代替你参会。 【易混辨析】 replace 侧重 “取代旧的、坏掉的事物”；substitute 侧重临时替代。 4、 desire | n．[C，U] 渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. (desired, desired, desiring) 希望得到；想要 词族拓展 | desirable adj. 令人向往的；值得拥有的 【固定搭配】 desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth 渴望…… 做某事 have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事 / 急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth 不想做某事 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① Bangkok is a highly ________ (desire) destination for food lovers. ② He desired that measures (should) ________ (take) to stop pollution. ③ Tom desired her ________ (lead) a simple life with him. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 阅读是我生活中重要的一部分，阅读满足了我不断学习的愿望。 Reading is a vital part of my life, which satisfies my desire ________ learning. 【语料积累】 She has a strong desire for knowledge. —— 她求知若渴。 We desire that everyone (should) take part in the activity. —— 我们希望所有人参与活动。 【易混辨析】 desire 正式，内心强烈渴望；want 普通用词；wish 多指难以实现的愿望。 5、crowd | n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.(crowded, crowded, crowding) 挤满；使…… 拥挤 vi. 涌进；蜂拥而至 词族拓展 | crowded adj. 拥挤的 【固定搭配】 a crowd of/crowds of 一大群；很多 crowd in (on) sb (想法、问题等) 涌上某人心头 crowd into 涌入 be crowded with 挤满 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① When we finally arrived, we sat in a ________ (crowd) waiting room. ② Thousands of people have crowded ________ the small town. ③ Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding ________ him. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 广场上挤满了游客。 The square ________ tourists. 【语料积累】 Memories crowded in on me the moment I saw the photo. —— 看到照片，回忆涌上心头。 Crowds of visitors come to the scenic spot every year. —— 每年大批游客来到景区。 【易混辨析】 crowd 指无秩序人群 group 有组织的一群人。 6、defend | vt.(defended, defended, defending) 防守；保护；辩护 n. 防守 (defence) 词族拓展 | defence n．防守；防御→defensive adj. 防御性的 【固定搭配】 in defence of 为了保卫 defend... from/against 保护…… 免受…… 伤害 defend sb with... 用…… 保护某人 in one's defence 为某人辩护 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① “Small does not mean weak, sir，”she defended ________ (she). ② White blood cells help defend the body ________ infection. ③ We looked at all the ________ (defend) equipment on the wall. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 狼紧紧追在他后面，他下了自行车，拿起一根棍子保护自己。 With the wolf running closely after him, he got off his bike and took up a stick ________ himself. 【语料积累】 Many soldiers died in defence of our country. —— 许多战士为保卫祖国牺牲。 She tried her best to defend her opinions against doubts. —— 她竭力捍卫自己的观点，反驳质疑。 【易混辨析】 defend 防御、保卫；protect 通用 “保护”；guard 侧重警戒看守。 7、 remind | v．(reminded, reminded, reminding) 提醒，使…… 想起 词族拓展 | reminder n. 提示物；提醒人的事物 【固定搭配】 remind sb of (doing) sth 提醒某人 / 使某人想起某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 remind (sb) that... 提醒 (某人)…… 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① The phone boxes remind people ________ a historical period. ② It acted as a ________ (remind) of the importance of table manners. ③ We are reminded not ________ (waste) food. 【能力提升・句式升级】 ④ As we are reminded not to waste food and to clean our plates, we students have developed the habit of thrift.（非谓语作状语） ________ not to waste food and to clean our plates, we students have developed the habit of thrift. 【语料积累】 This song reminds me of my childhood. —— 这首歌让我想起童年。 Please remind me to hand in the report tomorrow. —— 记得提醒我明天交报告。 【易混辨析】 remind“使想起、提醒” recall 主动回忆 8、 amaze | vt.(amazed, amazed, amazing) 使大为吃惊，使惊奇 词族拓展 | amazed adj.(人) 感到惊奇的→amazing adj. 令人惊奇的→amazement n. 惊奇 →amazingly adv. 惊人地 【固定搭配】 be amazed at/by... 对…… 感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 in amazement 惊讶地 to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① The whole experience was ________ (amaze). ② ________ (amaze) at my classmates' fluent English, I made up my mind to practise hard. ③ What ________ (amaze) me is her courage. 【能力提升・句式升级】 ④ The poor boy also donated some coins to the project. It made us amazed.（主语从句） ________ was that the poor boy also donated some coins to the project. 【语料积累】 To my amazement, he passed the exam. —— 令我惊讶的是，他考试及格了。 We stared at the stranger in amazement. —— 我们惊讶地盯着陌生人。 【易混辨析】 amaze 侧重难以相信的惊奇 surprise 普通惊喜 / 意外。 9、 occupy | vt. (occupied, occupied, occupying) 占用；占领；占据 词族拓展 | occupied adj. 忙碌的→occupation n. 职业；占用 【固定搭配】 occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth 忙于 (做) 某事 be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事 keep sb/oneself occupied 使某人 / 自己忙碌 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① She is occupied in ________ (put) up family photos on the wall. ② With education ________ (occupy) her mind, she cares little about other things. ③ She keeps herself ________ (occupy) by preparing supper. 【能力提升・句式升级】 ④ She is fully occupied with her work, so she spares no time for a holiday.（分词作状语） ________ with her work, she spares no time for a holiday. 【语料积累】 He occupies himself with reading every weekend. —— 他周末专心看书。 The room is occupied by a young couple. —— 这间屋子住着一对年轻夫妻。 【易混辨析】 occupy 占据时间 / 空间、使人忙碌；take up 同义，更口语。 10、 relieve | vt.(relieved, relieved, relieving) 减轻，缓解；解除 词族拓展 | relief n. 宽慰；减轻；救济→relieved adj. 感到宽慰的 【固定搭配】 relieve sb of... 解除某人…… 方面的负担 to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 with relief 宽慰地 in relief 如释重负；松了口气 breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① With a lot of difficult problems settled, he smiled ________ relief. ② To their ________ (relieve), they finished the task successfully. ③ The medicine greatly ________ (relieve) him of his headache. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 看到他们回来我很欣慰。 I ________ see them back. 【语料积累】 What a relief! Everything is solved. —— 太好了！一切解决了。 The pills helped relieve my pain. —— 药片缓解了我的疼痛。 【易混辨析】 relieve 减轻痛苦、压力 reduce 侧重数量减少。 11、strengthen | v．(strengthened, strengthened, strengthening) 加强 词族拓展 | strong adj. 强壮的→strength n. 力量；优势 【固定搭配】 build up one's strength/body 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 with all one's strength 用尽全力 have the strength to do sth 有力气 / 勇气做某事 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① You can practise yoga to ________ (strong) the immune system. ② ________ (strength) the connection with young people, the activity held many online events. ③ He didn't have the ________ (strong) to climb any further. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 尽管我没有力气再爬，但是我最终用尽全力爬上山顶。 Though I didn't have the strength to climb any further, I finally made it to the top of the mountain ________. 【语料积累】 We should strengthen our friendship. —— 我们应当加深友谊。 Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. —— 每个人都有优缺点。 【易混辨析】 strengthen（动词）加强 strength（名词）力量 strong（形容词）强壮的。 12、 particular | adj. 特定的；挑剔的 n. 细节 词族拓展 | particularly adv. 尤其；特别 【固定搭配】 be particular about/over 对…… 讲究 / 挑剔 be particular to do sth 特地做某事 in particular 尤其；特别 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① In India, ________ (particular) outside cities, young women move to live with husband's family. ② She's very particular ________ what she wears. 【能力提升・微写作】 ③ 你有什么特别想说的吗？ Is there anything ________ you'd like to say? 【语料积累】 I like all sports, running in particular. —— 我喜欢所有运动，尤其是跑步。 My mother is particular about food. —— 我妈妈对饮食很挑剔。 【易混辨析】 in particular = especially，放在名词后 particularly/especially 多放句首或动词前。 13、 benefit | n. [C](pl. benefits)&[U] 好处；利益；优势 vt.&vi.(benefited, benefiting) 有益于；受益 词族拓展 | beneficial adj. 有益的 【固定搭配】 benefit from/by... 从…… 中受益 benefit sb 对某人有益 be of (great) benefit to...＝be (very) beneficial to... 对…… 有益 for the benefit of... 为了…… 的利益 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① The brochure about trees ________ (benefit) me a lot. ② Exercise is of great benefit ________ your health. 【能力提升・句式转换】 ③ Sharing your feelings greatly benefits your mental health.（改为 beneficial） Sharing your feelings is ________ your mental health. 【语料积累】 We can benefit a lot from reading.＝Reading is beneficial to us. —— 我们能从阅读中获益良多。 The policy is for the benefit of local residents. —— 这项政策是为当地居民谋福利。 【易混辨析】 benefit 侧重带来好处 advantage 侧重竞争优势。 14、 capable | adj. 有能力的 词族拓展 | capacity n. 能力；容量 【固定搭配】 be capable of (doing)... 有 (做)…… 的能力 a capacity to do/of (doing)... 有做某事的能力 have a capacity of 有…… 容积 / 容量 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① I am perfectly capable of ________ (look) after myself. ② The fuel tank has a ________ (capable) of 40 litres. 【能力提升・微写作】 ③ 我能说一口流利的英语，与外国游客交流没有困难。（形容词作状语） ________ fluent English, I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors. 【语料积累】 He is capable of finishing the task on time. —— 他能够按时完成任务。 The hall has a seating capacity of 500 people. —— 这座大厅可容纳 500 人。 【易混辨析】 be capable of 侧重具备某种潜在能力 be able to 侧重能够成功完成某事。 15、 prevent | v．(prevented, prevented, preventing) 阻挡，防止 词族拓展 | prevention n. 预防；阻止 【固定搭配】 prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① We should prevent these animals from ________ (die) out. ② Measures must be taken to stop the environment being ________ (pollute). ③ I was forbidden from ________ (meet) my net friends. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 我们必须竭尽全力阻止历史遗迹消失。 We must do our best to prevent these historic sites from ________. 【语料积累】 Nothing can prevent him from realizing his dream. —— 没有什么能阻止他实现梦想。 We should prevent children from staying up late. —— 我们应当防止孩子熬夜。 【易混辨析】 主动语态 stop/prevent from 可省略 from；keep sb from doing 中 from 不可省略。 16、 amount | n．数量；数额 v．(amounted, amounting) 总计；相当于 【固定搭配】 a large/small amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语 large/small amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语 amount to 等于；总计；意味着 in amount 在数量上 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① A small amount of time ________ (be) spent preparing for the exam. ② Small amounts of caffeine ________ (seem) safe for most people. ③ The total cost amounts ________ more than one million yuan. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 去年在这栋楼上花了大量资金。 Large amounts of money ________ on this building last year. 【语料积累】 The damage amounts to billions of dollars. —— 损失高达数十亿美元。 A large amount of water is wasted every day. —— 每天大量水资源被浪费。 【易混辨析】 amount 修饰不可数名词；number 修饰可数名词复数。 17、sight | n. 视野；视力；景象 词族拓展 | sightsee v. 观光→sightseeing n. 观光 【固定搭配】 catch sight of 望见；看到 lose sight of 看不见；忽视 come into sight 进入视野 at first sight 乍一看 at the sight of 看到 out of sight 看不到 in/within sight 在视野内 【基础检测・短语填空】 ① I watched the car until it was ________. ② ________ my coming, he didn't stop laughing. ③ The theory is not so simple as you think ________. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。 Only a short­sighted man will ________ the importance of education. 【语料积累】 The ship came into sight at dawn. —— 黎明时分轮船映入眼帘。 We caught sight of a lovely deer in the forest. —— 我们在森林里看见了一头可爱的小鹿。 【易混辨析】 sight 侧重视野、看见 view 侧重从某处看到的风景。 18、 respond | v. 回答，回应；作出反应 词族拓展 | response n．回答；答复 【固定搭配】 in response to 作为对…… 的答复 / 反应 make/give a response to 对…… 作出回应 make/give no response 没有回应 respond to 回答，回复；对…… 作出反应 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① Habits are performed ________ response to a deep-rooted urge. ② They made no ________ (respond) to our request. 【能力提升・微写作】 ③ 我写这封信是为了回应你的广告。 I am writing ________ your advertisement. 【语料积累】 He failed to respond to my email. —— 他没有回复我的邮件。 Many people acted in response to the government's call. —— 许多人响应政府号召行动起来。 【易混辨析】 respond 侧重口头 / 行动回应 reply 侧重书面答复。 知识点2：易错辨析 1. 【辨析】deal with / do with 易混短语 区别 例子 deal with 作“处理，解决”讲时，常与 how 连用。 The new teacher is so inexperienced that she doesn’t know how to deal with these naughty boys. do with 作“处理，解决”讲时，常与 what 连用。 Since stress can make us sick, we have to learn what to do with it. 【即使训练】用 how 或 what 填空（deal with / do with） (1)The manager didn’t tell us _______ to do with the defective products. (2)Could you show me _______ to deal with angry customers politely? 2. 【辨析】in case / in case of 易混短语 区别 例子 in case 连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“以防万一”。 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. in case of 介词短语，后接名词或代词，意为“如果发生……；以防……”。 In case of fire, please use the stairs. 【即使训练】用 in case 或 in case of 填空 (1)_______ emergency, press the red button immediately. (2)I’ll leave my phone number with you _______ you need any help. 3. 【辨析】rather than / other than 易混短语 区别 例子 rather than 表示“而不是”，连接并列成分，表达取舍关系。 I prefer to jog in the morning rather than in the evening. other than 表示“除了……之外”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。 I have no choice other than to accept his advice. 【即使训练】用 rather than 或 other than 填空 (1)She chose to resign _______ than accept the unfair transfer. (2)There is no one here _______ than the security guard at night. 4. 【辨析】be capable of / be able to 易混短语 区别 例子 be capable of 强调具备做某事的能力或潜质，后接名词或动名词，可指人或物。 She is capable of finishing the task on her own. be able to 强调通过努力或技能做到某事，后接动词原形，多用于人。 He was able to solve the problem with the help of his coach. 【即使训练】用 be capable of 或 be able to 的适当形式填空 (1)This robot _______ lifting heavy boxes, but it _______ not move up stairs yet. (2)After months of practice, the little boy _______ swim across the pool. 5. 【辨析】take advantage of / make use of 易混短语 区别 例子 take advantage of 常指“利用”机会、优势或他人的好意，有时含贬义。 You should take advantage of this chance to improve your English. make use of 强调“利用”资源、时间、工具等，中性表达。 We should make use of every minute to prepare for the exam. 【即使训练】用 take advantage of 或 make use of 的适当形式填空 (1)We should _______ every sunny day to dry the grains. (2)She _______ her boss’s absence to leave work early. 6. 【辨析】prevent / protect / defend 易混词 区别 例子 prevent 强调“阻止、防止”某事发生，常用搭配：prevent sb/sth from doing sth。 Regular exercise can prevent us from getting sick. protect 强调“保护”某人或某物免受伤害或损失，常用搭配：protect sb/sth from/against sth。 Wearing a mask can protect us from the virus. defend 强调“保卫、防御”以抵御攻击或危险，常用搭配：defend...against/from...。 Keeping a balanced diet helps defend ourselves against infection. 【即使训练】用 prevent / protect / defend 的适当形式填空（注意介词） (1)Sunscreen can _______ our skin _______ harmful UV rays. (2)Washing hands frequently _______ the spread of germs. (3)The army stood ready to _______ the country _______ any invasion. 7. 【辨析】amount / number / quantity 易混词 区别 例子 amount 修饰不可数名词，常用搭配：a large/small amount of + 不可数名词。 A large amount of time was wasted. number 修饰可数名词复数，常用搭配：a large/small number of + 可数名词复数。 A large number of students like running. 【即使训练】用 amount / number / quantity 填空（注意单复数） (1)A large _______ of furniture was damaged in the flood. (2)A growing _______ of researchers are studying this disease. 8. 【辨析】sight / view / scene 易混词 区别 例子 sight 指“视野、视力”或“看见的事物”，强调“看”的行为或结果。 At the sight of the gift, she felt moved. view 指从某个位置看到的“风景、景色”，强调视野中的景象。 From the top of the hill, we had a wonderful view. scene 指“场景、场面”，包括人物活动和环境，常带有动态感。 The firefighters arrived quickly at the scene. 【即使训练】用 sight / view / scene 填空 (1)The _______ of the sunset over the lake took our breath away. (2)The police arrived at the _______ of the accident within five minutes. (3)She turned away at the _______ of the dead animal. 9. 【辨析】gather / collect 易混词 区别 例子 gather 强调“聚集、集合”人或物，侧重于分散后集中到一处。 The team gathered around, looking worried. collect 强调“收集、搜集”同类物品，侧重于有计划、有目的地整理。 He likes to collect stamps in his spare time. 【即使训练】用 gather 或 collect 的适当形式填空 (1)The teacher _______ all the homework papers and put them in her bag. (2)A crowd _______ in the square to watch the performance. 10. 【辨析】earn / win / gain 易混词 区别 例子 earn 强调因付出努力、劳动或表现而“赢得、博得”，常指应得之物。 He earned his place on the team through hard work. win 强调在比赛、竞争或战斗中“获胜、赢得”，后接比赛、奖牌、荣誉等。 She won the gold medal in the French Open. gain 强调通过努力逐渐“获得、得到”，后接知识、经验、力量等抽象名词。 Regular exercise helps you gain strength and confidence. 【即使训练】用 earn / win / gain 的适当形式填空 (1)He _______ the respect of his colleagues by always being honest. (2)She _______ first prize in the speech contest last month. (3)Reading widely can help you _______ a deeper understanding of history. 知识点3：话题词汇拓展 一、运动项目与日常锻炼 1 take up a sport / take up sports 开始从事一项运动 2 work out regularly 定期锻炼 3 go jogging / swimming / cycling 去慢跑/游泳/骑自行车 4 do strength training 做力量训练 5 warm up before exercise 运动前热身 6 cool down after exercise 运动后放松/冷身 二、健康习惯与身体状态 7 maintain a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食 8 get enough sleep 获得充足睡眠 9 build up one's strength 增强体力/力量 10 improve flexibility and endurance 提高柔韧性和耐力 11 keep fit / stay in shape 保持健康/保持体型 12 recover from an injury 从伤病中恢复 三、运动中的态度与精神 13 push one's limits 挑战/突破自己的极限 14 show great determination 表现出极大的决心 15 never give up in the face of difficulty 在困难面前永不放弃 16 cooperate with teammates 与队友合作 17 respect opponents 尊重对手 18 win with grace and lose with dignity 赢得体面，输得有尊严 四、运动与身体形象（Body Image） 19 feel confident about one's body 对自己的身体感到自信 20 avoid extreme dieting 避免极端节食 21 accept one's body type 接受自己的体型 22 focus on health rather than appearance 关注健康而非外表 五、运动带来的成长与收获 23 develop a sense of teamwork 培养团队合作意识 24 build self-discipline 建立自律 25 relieve stress and anxiety 缓解压力和焦虑 26 boost one's energy and mood 提升精力和情绪 27 gain a sense of achievement 获得成就感 佳文欣赏 Since I entered senior high, I have made up my mind to take up a sport to keep fit. I choose to go jogging every morning before class. At first, it was hard to get up early, but I showed great determination and pushed my limits. To avoid injury, I always warm up first and cool down after running. I also try to maintain a balanced diet and get enough sleep to build up my strength. Besides physical benefits, sports have helped me relieve stress from heavy schoolwork. I joined the school basketball team, where I learned to cooperate with teammates and respect opponents. Winning is not everything — I believe we should win with grace and lose with dignity. More importantly, I feel confident about my body and no longer worry about my shape. Sports have taught me to focus on health rather than appearance. Now, I have gained a sense of achievement and truly enjoy my active lifestyle. 单元语法：关系代词（定语从句），V-ing形式和V-ed形式的形容词的用法 定语从句---关系代词 一、概念 定语从句：在复合句中，作定语，用来修饰某一名词(名词性短语)或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 关系词：连接主句和从句的词叫关系词(关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why)。 二、关系代词的用法 先行词 关系代词 在从句中所作成分 人 who 主语，宾语，表语 whom 宾语 that 主语，宾语，表语 whose 定语 物 that 主语，宾语，表语 which 主语，宾语 whose 定语 1.先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，且不可省略。 We are worrying about the people who/that have suffered from the disease in the area. 我们担心这个地区遭受疾病折磨的人们。 [温馨提示] 先行词是人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况 ①当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。 Anyone who aims to get ahead must work hard. 任何想成功的人都必须努力。 ②当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 ③当先行词为指人的those时。 Those who have good manners will be highly respected. 那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。 ④在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young man who wants to buy a skateboard. 有一个年轻人想买个滑板。 2．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用who/that/whom，可省略。 He is the expert (who/that/whom) I mentioned to you yesterday. 他就是我昨天给你提到的那个专家。 [温馨提示] 关系词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom，且不可省略。 This is the voluntary teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的那位支教老师。 3．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 Do you know the girl whose Chinese is excellent？你认识那个汉语非常优秀的姑娘吗？ [温馨提示] whose指代人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我要和那些没完成作业的学生谈话。 4．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that，且不可省略。 He is working in the company which/that was opened in 1870. 他现在在那个1870年开始运作的公司工作。 5．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that，可省略。 The gold medal (which/that) she won has been given to her old school. 她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 [温馨提示] (1)宜用that不宜用which的情况 ①当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做完了。 ②当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 ③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 ④当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 ⑤当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复。 Who is the boy that is playing computer games there? 在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？ Which is the book that you are interested in? 你感兴趣的书是哪本？ (2)宜用which不宜用that的情况 ①关系代词前有介词时。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。 ②在非限制性定语从句中。 Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl? 你读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？ 6．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. 他志愿加入这个活动，活动的目的是帮助那些处于困难中的人。 [温馨提示] whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替： He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，the aim of which is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，of which the aim is to help those who are in trouble. 三、使用定语从句的注意事项 1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。 [温馨提示] “one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned to play golf. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过高尔夫球的男孩。 2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the apartment which he bought last year.(bought后不可加it) 这就是他去年买的那所公寓。 【即时检测】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Our English teacher is a person is energetic and friendly. 2．The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. 3．The girl father is an editor goes jogging regularly. 4．This is a new kind of car parts are of high quality. 5．We’d better forget the persons and things put us under pressure. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags . 同时，他们的妈妈出去买回了他们需要的纸袋。 2．Much sooner than expected，he returned with an empty basket and so much money . 比预计的早很多，他回来了，带着空空的篮子和从来也没有见过的那么多的钱。 3．The athlete was badly hurt in the match recovered in the end. 在那次比赛中脚严重受伤的那名运动员最终康复了。 4．Opportunity only favors those . 机会只眷顾那些有准备的人。 不定代词 不定代词是不具体指代某个特定名词的代词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 一、常见不定代词 可数/不可数 不定代词 代替可数名词 one，each，many，another，other，either，neither，(a) few 代替不可数名词 much，(a) little 代替可数/不可数名词 none，any，all，some 复合不定代词 anyone，anybody，anything；someone，somebody，something；everyone，everybody，everything；nobody，no one，nothing (1)I’m not satisfied with everything that he did. 对他做的事情我并不是都满意。 (2)Someone/Somebody is waiting for you at the campus. 有人在校园里等你。 (3)But I don’t know anyone/anybody in the company. 但是在这个公司里我谁也不认识。 (4)Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 (5)The boxing match will be held in September，but nobody/no one knows the date for sure. 拳击赛将在九月份举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。 二、几组常见不定代词的区别 1．many，much，few，a few，little，a little 区别 意义　　 许多 有点/些(表示肯定) 几乎没有(表示否定) 可数 many a few few 不可数 much a little little (1)I have a lot of friends but I don’t have much money. 我有很多朋友，但是我没有很多钱。 (2)Just as the saying goes，many hands make light work. 俗话说：“人多力量大”。 (3)The expert’s theory is so difficult that few people can understand and accept it. 这位专家的理论很深奥，很少有人会理解并接受它。 (4)In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方式，他们只要一点钱就能去旅游。 2．another，other，the other，others，the others 不定代词 词义 用法 another 另一个，又一个 用于三者或三者以上中的另一个，后接可数名词单数 other 其他的，另外的 后接复数名词 the other 两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成one...the other...一个……另一个…… others 泛指别的人或物 是other的复数形式，不能作定语，常构成some...others... the others 特指其余的人或物 是the other 的复数形式，常构成some...the others... (1)We have two hands.One is on the left，the other is on the right. 我们有两只手。一只在左边，另一只在右边。 (2)There are 40 students in our class.Three are American，and the others/the other students are Chinese. 我们班有40个学生，3个是美国人，剩下的都是中国人。 (3)I have eaten an apple，but I still want another (apple)． 我已经吃了一个苹果了，但是我还想要一个。 (4)Some students like English while other students/others like physics. 一些学生喜欢英语而另外的一些学生喜欢物理。 3．it，one，the one，ones，the ones，that，those 不定代词 用法 it 代替前面出现的可数名词单数，前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作以避免重复，也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等 one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数，为泛指，指“同类当中的某一个” the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数，为特指 ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为泛指 the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为特指，相当于those that 代替前面提到的“the＋不可数名词”，也可代替前面提到的“the＋可数名词单数”，这时可以和the one 互换，往往表示和前面的名词是同类但不同个 those 代替前面出现的可数名词复数，避免重复，且表示特指，后有定语修饰，可与the ones通用 (1)A house which is built of bricks lasts longer than the one that is made of woods. 用砖建造的房子比用木头建造的房子耐用。 (2)As we all know，the population of Beijing is larger than that of Jinan. 众所周知，北京的人口比济南的人口多。 (3)The athletes of this team are more dynamic and confident than those/the ones of that team. 这个队的运动员比那个队的运动员更有活力、更自信。 (4)There are various laptops in the store，and I want to buy one. 商店里有各种各样的笔记本电脑，我想买一台。 (5)I like your skateboard very much.Can you lend it to me? 我很喜欢你的滑板。你能借我用用吗？ 4．both，neither，either 不定代词 意义 在句中所作成分 谓语动词的形式 both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语或同位语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 neither 两者都不 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 either 两者中任一个 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 (1)She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们两个都参加她的生日宴会。 (2)It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which neither of the parents spoke the language. 对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中，学英语很难。 (3)You can choose either of the topics，but do not attempt both. 你可以选择任意的一个话题，但不能两个都选。 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Jack and Tom are good friends and are in the same class. 2．The cost of buying a house in Beijing is higher than in Xi’an. 3．To stay energetic，he finished a cup of tea and ordered . 4．Larry asked Bill and Peter to go jogging with him，but of them wanted to. 5．He bought an apartment and he was very satisfied with . 6．On Sundays，some people go to play basketball，and stay at home watching TV. 7．You can ask anyone here for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. 8．Can’t we do more tough and challenging？ 9.Due to lacking money，they were not supplied with enough (equip)． 10．We ought to take effective measures to prevent forests from (cut) down. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Doing a part-time job broadening our horizons. 做份兼职有利于我们开阔视野。 2．He is a person who . 他是一个很讲究生活质量的人。 3． ，I have adapted to my new school life. 让我父母满意的是，我已经适应了我的新学校的生活。 4．I’m now about Tang poetry. 现在我写信告诉你关于唐诗的一些内容。 5．I suggested that he and that he should think about problems in a positive way. 我建议他不能放弃，应该用一种积极的方式思考问题。 （时间：30分钟） 1、 单词拼写 单词拼写题（根据汉语提示填写单词） 1.My grandfather still goes __________ (慢跑) every morning. 2.She __________ (更喜欢) tea to coffee. 3.It is important to have a __________ (均衡的) diet. 4.The players are training on the __________ (球场). 5.You should exercise __________ (经常地) to keep fit. 6.The __________ (冠军) was awarded a gold medal. 7.His story gave me great __________ (灵感). 8.Many players __________ (参加选拔) for the national team. 9.The fans __________ (聚集) around the stadium. 10.The coach spoke __________ (严厉地) to the player. 11.Don't __________ (辜负) your parents' trust. 12.He __________ (赢得) a place on the team. 13.The __________ (人群) burst into cheers. 14.He took on some __________ (额外的) training. 15.The fans __________ (鼓掌) for the captain. 16.The __________ (观众) were excited about the match. 17.Please __________ (提醒) me to bring my shoes. 18.The school holds an __________ (一年一度的) sports meeting. 19.Do some __________ (热身) before running. 20.To our __________ (失望), our team lost. 2、 阅读理解 A Rush up the stairs.Play games with your kids.Increasing the vigor (活力) of our daily activities could have a huge impact on our long life, according to a new study of movement intensity and death rates. The study finds that as few as three minutes a day of vigorous everyday activity is linked to a 40 percent lower risk of early death in adults, even when they do not exercise at all.“It is fantastic research，” said Ulrik Wisloff, the director of the K．G.Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The study's results join rising scientific evidence that adding a little intensity to our lives pays big dividends for our health, without requiring extra equipment, instruction, gym memberships or time.The idea that how we move influences how long we live is hardly new.Plenty of research links regular exercise with longevity (长寿)，including the formal public health exercise guidelines, which recommend at least 150 minutes a week of moderate (适度的) exercise for health and longevity. More－focused research, though, suggests intensifying some of our exercise increases the health benefits.In a study from Wisloff's lab, for instance, just 30 minutes a week of intense exercise dropped the risk of dying from heart disease by about half in men and women, compared to people who were sitting long.Similarly, a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine concluded that people who occasionally pushed themselves during exercise were about 17 percent less likely to die early than people who did the same amount of exercise, but at a gentler, mild pace. Both of these studies, though, were based on people's recall of how much and how hard they exercised.They also were exercise studies, making them of interest mostly to people who exercise or would like to, which does not represent the greater part of humanity.“If we're honest, most people are allergic (过敏) to the word ‘exercise’，” said Emmanuel Stamatakis, a professor of physical activity and health studies at the University of Sydney, who led the new study. 1．What is the main finding of the new study？ A.There's a connection between exercise intensity and long life. B.Increasing the intensity of daily activity doesn't affect our life. C.Vigorous everyday activity is better than moderate exercise. D.The way people choose to exercise determines people's health. 2．What does the underlined phrase “pays big dividends for” mean in paragraph 3？ A.Brings great benefits to. B.Causes serious harm to. C.Takes off the pressure from. D.Raises big money for. 3．Why does the author mention the study from Wisloff's lab in paragraph 4？ A.To explain the right amount of exercise improves health. B.To show energetic exercise raises heart rates and breathing. C.To prove adding some intensity to exercise brings more benefits. D.To demonstrate exercise in a gentler way benefits people more. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph？ B.Most people like exercise to a certain degree. C.The new study involves a great majority of people. D.Both of the studies have some limitations. B Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long­term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two­thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why? That's one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 5．What did the new study aim to explore？ A.When exercise is best for learning. B.What biochemicals are good for health. C.How brainwaves should be measured. D.Which area of the brain is the most active. 6．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment？ A.Train on bicycles. B.Do mathematics exercises. C.Play computer games. D.Watch films about nature. 7．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later？ A.To do a medical examination. B.To have their memory tested. C.To get their workouts recorded. D.To finish their previous tasks. 8．What might the author's marathon running prove？ A.The findings of the study are reliable. B.Long­distance runners are often smart. C.Studies on the marathon are not enough. D.Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 3、 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 If there's one crucial lesson that Tara Snyder, a seasoned(有经验的) mail carrier for the U．S. Postal Service, reveals to every new 1 ， it's this：“Even if a dog seems friendly for 364 days of the year, they can still have a bad day—and bite.” Snyder speaks from 2 ． In April 2024, while completing her usual route in Pennsylvania, she 3 a resident's door to obtain a signature for a piece of mail. 4 she had time to react, a 70­pound dog charged out of the house and attacked her hand. She 5 to protect herself with her mailbag, but it was too late. “It 6 my hand open pretty severely，”she recalls. The injury required 17 stitches, a round of antibiotics, and three weeks off work to recover. This wasn't the first or last 7 between Snyder and aggressive dogs at that residence. On a separate occasion, another dog 8 her on the porch, though fortunately, she wasn't bitten that time. The incident has 9 Animal Control to investigate the owners, and the Postal Service is taking every 10 to protect its mail carriers. Sadly, Snyder's story is far from 11 ： according to Postal Service data, there were 5，800 reported dog­related incidents involving postal workers in 2023. This brings us to the 12 paw­print stickers you may have noticed on mailboxes. An orange sticker 13 a dog resides at that address, while a yellow sticker shows that a dog lives nearby. The 14 was to warn Postal Service employees and other delivery workers to remain alert(警惕的)， 15 around dogs with a known history of negative reactions to mail carriers. 1．A.employer B．customer C.trainee D．neighbour 2．A.experience B．capability C.knowledge D．profession 3．A.kicked B．opened C.blocked D．approached 4．A.Until B．Before C.Since D．Immediately 5．A.failed B．managed C.attempted D．resolved 6．A.pushed B．tore C.threw D．speared 7．A.bond B．encounter C.disagreement D．competition 8．A.cornered B．discouraged C.squeezed D．accompanied 9．A.urged B．empowered C.directed D．persuaded 10．A.turn B．energy C.measure D．course 11．A.unique B．simple C.common D．frequent 12．A.plain B．sketched C.faded D．colored 13．A.hides B．signals C.flashes D．introduces 14．A.prospect B．occupation C.expectation D．intention 15．A.especially B．reasonably C.occasionally D．constantly 四、书面表达 [写作任务] 假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。内容包括： 1．上周日我和同学张伟去看羽毛球比赛直播，在去球场的路上看到一位老人躺在地上。 2．我坐在老人身边照看着他，张伟打电话叫了救护车。 3．我们决定和老人一起去医院，等老人的儿子来了我们才离开。 4．我们错过了看羽毛球比赛，但是一点也不后悔，我们为自己做的事感到自豪。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一个真实的故事。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作时应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时和过去进行时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是写发生在自己身上的故事，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代故事发生的背景； 第二段：叙述故事的过程和结局； 第三段：表达对整个故事的感想。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．在去球场的路上 2．走近些 3．照顾 4．错过了比赛 5．为……感到自豪 6．幸福的源泉 [连词成句] 1．我们在去球场的路上正走着。 . 2．我们看到一位老人在路上躺着。 . 3．我们走近了一些。 . 4．我们发现他伤得很重。 We found that . 5．直到老人的儿子到达，我们才离开。 We didn’t leave . 6．我们为我们所做的事情感到骄傲。 . 7．我们明白了帮助别人是幸福的源泉。 . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把第一和第二句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 . (be doing...when...，某人正在做……这时……) 2．请把第三和第四句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 (1) ，we found that he was badly injured.(when引导时间状语从句) (2) ，we found that he was badly injured.(现在分词短语作状语) 3．请按下面括号内的提示改写第五句话。 N .(部分倒装句型) 4．请把第六和第七句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 .(not only...but also...) 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北师大版必修第一册Unit 2 Sports and Fitness（复习讲义) 复习要点 1.主题语境“人与社会”，涵盖“社会服务与人际沟通”与“文学艺术与体育” 2.重点掌握语境内容高中生活适应、应对压力、支教生活和城乡对比等相关词汇和短语 3语法掌握关系代词的用法；不定代词的用法； 4.掌握普通书信写法。 复习重难点 重点：关系代词的用法，不定代词的用法。 难点：A Personal Email的写作。 单元词汇 知识点1：核心词汇 1： track n．轨道；足迹，踪迹；小道 vt.&vi.(tracked, tracked, tracking) 追踪 词族拓展 tracker n. 追踪者→ tracking n. 追踪 【固定搭配】 keep track of 记录…… keep to the track 顺着道儿走 on the track of 跟踪，追赶，尾随 lose track of 不了解，与…… 失去联系 be on the right/wrong track 思路正确 / 错误；在正确 / 错误的轨道上 track and field 田径运动 track down 追踪到 track through 穿过去 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① We followed his ________ (track) through the snow. ② The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics ________ (be) the 50­kilometre race walk. ③ Previous methods for ________ (track) the population of polar bears haven't been employed. ④ Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays ________ (make) sure nothing slips by you. 【能力提升・微写作】 ⑤ 他们穿过森林的泥泞小路。 They passed a muddy ________ through the forest. 【语料积累】 You are not the answer but you are on the right ________. —— 答案虽不是这个，但你的思路方向是对的。 Thousands of miles of railway ________ have been built across the country. —— 全国修建了数千英里铁路轨道。 【易混辨析】 track 侧重小径、跑道、人 / 动物留下的踪迹； path 多指乡间小路； road 指通车的大路。 【答案】 ① tracks ② is ③ tracking ④ makes ⑤ track 语料积累 track；track 2： balance | n. [C] pl. balances 均衡；天平；余额 [U] 均衡 vt.(balanced, balanced, balancing) 权衡；平衡 adj. 均衡的 (balanced) 词族拓展 | balanced adj. 均衡的→balance n. 平衡 【固定搭配】 keep/lose one's balance 保持 / 失去平衡 keep a balance between... and... 保持…… 与…… 的平衡 a sense of balance 平衡感 balance A against B 权衡 / 斟酌 / 比较 A 和 B 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① You must balance the advantages ________ the disadvantages before making the final decision. ② It would be a good idea if you could keep a ________ (balance) diet to keep physically healthy. ③ A good sense of ________ (balance) is always useful when you are sailing. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 权衡利弊之后，大卫擦掉眼泪，挣扎着站起来，向起跑线走去，嘴角露出轻松的微笑。 After ________ the advantages against the disadvantages，David wiped away the tears，struggled to his feet and made his way to the starting line，a relaxed smile appearing at the corners of his mouth.（读后续写） 【语料积累】 We should keep a balance between study and relaxation. —— 我们应当平衡学习与休息。 He lost his balance and fell off the bike. —— 他失去平衡，从自行车上摔了下来。 【易混辨析】 balance 侧重平衡状态； equilibrium 多用于科学术语平衡。 【答案】 ① against ② balanced ③ balance ④ balancing 语料积累 balance；balance 3： replace | vt. (replaced, replaced, replacing) 代替；取代；把…… 放回原处 n. 替换 (replacement) 词族拓展 | replacement n．替换的人 (物) 【固定搭配】 replace... with/by... 用…… 替换…… replace... as... 取代…… 而成为…… take the place of sb＝take sb's place 代替某人 in place of 代替 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① In spring, the snow was ________ (replace) by mud over ice. ② Talking online is no ________ (replace) for face­to­face communication. ③ After reading the magazine, be sure ________ (replace) it on the bookshelf. 【能力提升・句式转换】 ④ Talking online is no replacement for face­to­face communication.（改为主动句） Talking online cannot ________ face­to­face communication. 【语料积累】 Coal will not be replaced by clean energy in a short time. —— 煤炭短期内不会被清洁能源取代。 I will take your place to attend the meeting.＝I will replace you to attend the meeting. —— 我将代替你参会。 【易混辨析】 replace 侧重 “取代旧的、坏掉的事物”；substitute 侧重临时替代。 【答案】 ① replaced ② replacement ③ to replace ④ replace 语料积累 replaced；replace 4： desire | n．[C，U] 渴望；欲望；渴求 vt. (desired, desired, desiring) 希望得到；想要 词族拓展 | desirable adj. 令人向往的；值得拥有的 【固定搭配】 desire to do sth 渴望做某事 desire sb to do sth 想要某人做某事 desire that...(should) do sth 渴望…… 做某事 have a strong desire to do sth/for sth 迫切要做某事 / 急于得到某物 have no desire to do sth 不想做某事 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① Bangkok is a highly ________ (desire) destination for food lovers. ② He desired that measures (should) ________ (take) to stop pollution. ③ Tom desired her ________ (lead) a simple life with him. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 阅读是我生活中重要的一部分，阅读满足了我不断学习的愿望。 Reading is a vital part of my life, which satisfies my desire ________ learning. 【语料积累】 She has a strong desire for knowledge. —— 她求知若渴。 We desire that everyone (should) take part in the activity. —— 我们希望所有人参与活动。 【易混辨析】 desire 正式，内心强烈渴望；want 普通用词；wish 多指难以实现的愿望。 【答案】 ① desirable ② be taken ③ to lead ④ to keep 语料积累 for；(should) take 5： crowd | n．人群；一群人；民众 vt.(crowded, crowded, crowding) 挤满；使…… 拥挤 vi. 涌进；蜂拥而至 词族拓展 | crowded adj. 拥挤的 【固定搭配】 a crowd of/crowds of 一大群；很多 crowd in (on) sb (想法、问题等) 涌上某人心头 crowd into 涌入 be crowded with 挤满 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① When we finally arrived, we sat in a ________ (crowd) waiting room. ② Thousands of people have crowded ________ the small town. ③ Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding ________ him. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 广场上挤满了游客。 The square ________ tourists. 【语料积累】 Memories crowded in on me the moment I saw the photo. —— 看到照片，回忆涌上心头。 Crowds of visitors come to the scenic spot every year. —— 每年大批游客来到景区。 【易混辨析】 crowd 指无秩序人群 group 有组织的一群人。 【答案】 ① crowded ② into ③ in/on ④ is crowded with 语料积累 in on；Crowds of 6：defend | vt.(defended, defended, defending) 防守；保护；辩护 n. 防守 (defence) 词族拓展 | defence n．防守；防御→defensive adj. 防御性的 【固定搭配】 in defence of 为了保卫 defend... from/against 保护…… 免受…… 伤害 defend sb with... 用…… 保护某人 in one's defence 为某人辩护 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① “Small does not mean weak, sir，”she defended ________ (she). ② White blood cells help defend the body ________ infection. ③ We looked at all the ________ (defend) equipment on the wall. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 狼紧紧追在他后面，他下了自行车，拿起一根棍子保护自己。 With the wolf running closely after him, he got off his bike and took up a stick ________ himself. 【语料积累】 Many soldiers died in defence of our country. —— 许多战士为保卫祖国牺牲。 She tried her best to defend her opinions against doubts. —— 她竭力捍卫自己的观点，反驳质疑。 【易混辨析】 defend 防御、保卫；protect 通用 “保护”；guard 侧重警戒看守。 【答案】 ① herself ② against ③ defensive ④ in defence of 语料积累 in defence of；defend；against 7： remind | v．(reminded, reminded, reminding) 提醒，使…… 想起 词族拓展 | reminder n. 提示物；提醒人的事物 【固定搭配】 remind sb of (doing) sth 提醒某人 / 使某人想起某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事 remind (sb) that... 提醒 (某人)…… 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① The phone boxes remind people ________ a historical period. ② It acted as a ________ (remind) of the importance of table manners. ③ We are reminded not ________ (waste) food. 【能力提升・句式升级】 ④ As we are reminded not to waste food and to clean our plates, we students have developed the habit of thrift.（非谓语作状语） ________ not to waste food and to clean our plates, we students have developed the habit of thrift. 【语料积累】 This song reminds me of my childhood. —— 这首歌让我想起童年。 Please remind me to hand in the report tomorrow. —— 记得提醒我明天交报告。 【易混辨析】 remind“使想起、提醒” recall 主动回忆 【答案】 ① of ② reminder ③ to waste ④ Reminded 语料积累 of；to hand in 8： amaze | vt.(amazed, amazed, amazing) 使大为吃惊，使惊奇 词族拓展 | amazed adj.(人) 感到惊奇的→amazing adj. 令人惊奇的→amazement n. 惊奇 →amazingly adv. 惊人地 【固定搭配】 be amazed at/by... 对…… 感到惊讶 be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊奇 in amazement 惊讶地 to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① The whole experience was ________ (amaze). ② ________ (amaze) at my classmates' fluent English, I made up my mind to practise hard. ③ What ________ (amaze) me is her courage. 【能力提升・句式升级】 ④ The poor boy also donated some coins to the project. It made us amazed.（主语从句） ________ was that the poor boy also donated some coins to the project. 【语料积累】 To my amazement, he passed the exam. —— 令我惊讶的是，他考试及格了。 We stared at the stranger in amazement. —— 我们惊讶地盯着陌生人。 【易混辨析】 amaze 侧重难以相信的惊奇 surprise 普通惊喜 / 意外。 【答案】 ① amazing ② Amazed ③ amazes ④ What amazed us 语料积累 To my amazement；in amazement 9： occupy | vt. (occupied, occupied, occupying) 占用；占领；占据 词族拓展 | occupied adj. 忙碌的→occupation n. 职业；占用 【固定搭配】 occupy oneself with sth/in doing sth 忙于 (做) 某事 be occupied in doing sth 忙于做某事 be occupied with sth 忙于某事 keep sb/oneself occupied 使某人 / 自己忙碌 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① She is occupied in ________ (put) up family photos on the wall. ② With education ________ (occupy) her mind, she cares little about other things. ③ She keeps herself ________ (occupy) by preparing supper. 【能力提升・句式升级】 ④ She is fully occupied with her work, so she spares no time for a holiday.（分词作状语） ________ with her work, she spares no time for a holiday. 【语料积累】 He occupies himself with reading every weekend. —— 他周末专心看书。 The room is occupied by a young couple. —— 这间屋子住着一对年轻夫妻。 【易混辨析】 occupy 占据时间 / 空间、使人忙碌；take up 同义，更口语。 【答案】 ① putting ② occupying ③ occupied ④ Fully occupied 语料积累 occupies himself；occupied 10： relieve | vt.(relieved, relieved, relieving) 减轻，缓解；解除 词族拓展 | relief n. 宽慰；减轻；救济→relieved adj. 感到宽慰的 【固定搭配】 relieve sb of... 解除某人…… 方面的负担 to one's relief 令某人感到欣慰的是 with relief 宽慰地 in relief 如释重负；松了口气 breathe a sigh of relief 松一口气 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① With a lot of difficult problems settled, he smiled ________ relief. ② To their ________ (relieve), they finished the task successfully. ③ The medicine greatly ________ (relieve) him of his headache. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 看到他们回来我很欣慰。 I ________ see them back. 【语料积累】 What a relief! Everything is solved. —— 太好了！一切解决了。 The pills helped relieve my pain. —— 药片缓解了我的疼痛。 【易混辨析】 relieve 减轻痛苦、压力 reduce 侧重数量减少。 【答案】 ① with ② relief ③ relieved ④ was relieved to 语料积累 relief；relieve 11：strengthen | v．(strengthened, strengthened, strengthening) 加强 词族拓展 | strong adj. 强壮的→strength n. 力量；优势 【固定搭配】 build up one's strength/body 强身健体 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点 with all one's strength 用尽全力 have the strength to do sth 有力气 / 勇气做某事 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① You can practise yoga to ________ (strong) the immune system. ② ________ (strength) the connection with young people, the activity held many online events. ③ He didn't have the ________ (strong) to climb any further. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 尽管我没有力气再爬，但是我最终用尽全力爬上山顶。 Though I didn't have the strength to climb any further, I finally made it to the top of the mountain ________. 【语料积累】 We should strengthen our friendship. —— 我们应当加深友谊。 Everyone has their own strengths and weaknesses. —— 每个人都有优缺点。 【易混辨析】 strengthen（动词）加强 strength（名词）力量 strong（形容词）强壮的。 【答案】 ① strengthen ② To strengthen ③ strength ④ with all my strength 语料积累 strengthen；strengths and weaknesses 12： particular | adj. 特定的；挑剔的 n. 细节 词族拓展 | particularly adv. 尤其；特别 【固定搭配】 be particular about/over 对…… 讲究 / 挑剔 be particular to do sth 特地做某事 in particular 尤其；特别 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① In India, ________ (particular) outside cities, young women move to live with husband's family. ② She's very particular ________ what she wears. 【能力提升・微写作】 ③ 你有什么特别想说的吗？ Is there anything ________ you'd like to say? 【语料积累】 I like all sports, running in particular. —— 我喜欢所有运动，尤其是跑步。 My mother is particular about food. —— 我妈妈对饮食很挑剔。 【易混辨析】 in particular = especially，放在名词后 particularly/especially 多放句首或动词前。 【答案】 ① particularly ② about ③ in particular 语料积累 in particular；particular about 13： benefit | n. [C](pl. benefits)&[U] 好处；利益；优势 vt.&vi.(benefited, benefiting) 有益于；受益 词族拓展 | beneficial adj. 有益的 【固定搭配】 benefit from/by... 从…… 中受益 benefit sb 对某人有益 be of (great) benefit to...＝be (very) beneficial to... 对…… 有益 for the benefit of... 为了…… 的利益 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① The brochure about trees ________ (benefit) me a lot. ② Exercise is of great benefit ________ your health. 【能力提升・句式转换】 ③ Sharing your feelings greatly benefits your mental health.（改为 beneficial） Sharing your feelings is ________ your mental health. 【语料积累】 We can benefit a lot from reading.＝Reading is beneficial to us. —— 我们能从阅读中获益良多。 The policy is for the benefit of local residents. —— 这项政策是为当地居民谋福利。 【易混辨析】 benefit 侧重带来好处 advantage 侧重竞争优势。 【答案】 ① benefited ② to ③ greatly beneficial to 语料积累 benefit from；for the benefit of 14： capable | adj. 有能力的 词族拓展 | capacity n. 能力；容量 【固定搭配】 be capable of (doing)... 有 (做)…… 的能力 a capacity to do/of (doing)... 有做某事的能力 have a capacity of 有…… 容积 / 容量 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① I am perfectly capable of ________ (look) after myself. ② The fuel tank has a ________ (capable) of 40 litres. 【能力提升・微写作】 ③ 我能说一口流利的英语，与外国游客交流没有困难。（形容词作状语） ________ fluent English, I have no difficulty communicating with foreign visitors. 【语料积累】 He is capable of finishing the task on time. —— 他能够按时完成任务。 The hall has a seating capacity of 500 people. —— 这座大厅可容纳 500 人。 【易混辨析】 be capable of 侧重具备某种潜在能力 be able to 侧重能够成功完成某事。 【答案】 ① looking ② capacity ③ Capable of speaking 语料积累 capable of；capacity 15： prevent | v．(prevented, prevented, preventing) 阻挡，防止 词族拓展 | prevention n. 预防；阻止 【固定搭配】 prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① We should prevent these animals from ________ (die) out. ② Measures must be taken to stop the environment being ________ (pollute). ③ I was forbidden from ________ (meet) my net friends. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 我们必须竭尽全力阻止历史遗迹消失。 We must do our best to prevent these historic sites from ________. 【语料积累】 Nothing can prevent him from realizing his dream. —— 没有什么能阻止他实现梦想。 We should prevent children from staying up late. —— 我们应当防止孩子熬夜。 【易混辨析】 主动语态 stop/prevent from 可省略 from；keep sb from doing 中 from 不可省略。 【答案】 ① dying ② polluted ③ meeting ④ disappearing 语料积累 prevent ... from；prevent ... from 16： amount | n．数量；数额 v．(amounted, amounting) 总计；相当于 【固定搭配】 a large/small amount of＋不可数名词＋单数谓语 large/small amounts of＋不可数名词＋复数谓语 amount to 等于；总计；意味着 in amount 在数量上 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① A small amount of time ________ (be) spent preparing for the exam. ② Small amounts of caffeine ________ (seem) safe for most people. ③ The total cost amounts ________ more than one million yuan. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 去年在这栋楼上花了大量资金。 Large amounts of money ________ on this building last year. 【语料积累】 The damage amounts to billions of dollars. —— 损失高达数十亿美元。 A large amount of water is wasted every day. —— 每天大量水资源被浪费。 【易混辨析】 amount 修饰不可数名词；number 修饰可数名词复数。 【答案】 ① was ② seem ③ to ④ were spent 语料积累 amounts to；A large amount of 17：sight | n. 视野；视力；景象 词族拓展 | sightsee v. 观光→sightseeing n. 观光 【固定搭配】 catch sight of 望见；看到 lose sight of 看不见；忽视 come into sight 进入视野 at first sight 乍一看 at the sight of 看到 out of sight 看不到 in/within sight 在视野内 【基础检测・短语填空】 ① I watched the car until it was ________. ② ________ my coming, he didn't stop laughing. ③ The theory is not so simple as you think ________. 【能力提升・微写作】 ④ 只有鼠目寸光的人才会看不见教育的重要性。 Only a short­sighted man will ________ the importance of education. 【语料积累】 The ship came into sight at dawn. —— 黎明时分轮船映入眼帘。 We caught sight of a lovely deer in the forest. —— 我们在森林里看见了一头可爱的小鹿。 【易混辨析】 sight 侧重视野、看见 view 侧重从某处看到的风景。 【答案】 ① out of sight ② At the sight of ③ at first sight ④ lose sight of 语料积累 come into sight；caught sight of 18： respond | v. 回答，回应；作出反应 词族拓展 | response n．回答；答复 【固定搭配】 in response to 作为对…… 的答复 / 反应 make/give a response to 对…… 作出回应 make/give no response 没有回应 respond to 回答，回复；对…… 作出反应 【基础检测・单句语法填空】 ① Habits are performed ________ response to a deep-rooted urge. ② They made no ________ (respond) to our request. 【能力提升・微写作】 ③ 我写这封信是为了回应你的广告。 I am writing ________ your advertisement. 【语料积累】 He failed to respond to my email. —— 他没有回复我的邮件。 Many people acted in response to the government's call. —— 许多人响应政府号召行动起来。 【易混辨析】 respond 侧重口头 / 行动回应 reply 侧重书面答复。 【答案】 ① in ② response ③ in response to 语料积累 respond to；in response to 知识点2：易错辨析 1. 【辨析】deal with / do with 易混短语 区别 例子 deal with 作“处理，解决”讲时，常与 how 连用。 The new teacher is so inexperienced that she doesn’t know how to deal with these naughty boys. do with 作“处理，解决”讲时，常与 what 连用。 Since stress can make us sick, we have to learn what to do with it. 【即使训练】用 how 或 what 填空（deal with / do with） (1)The manager didn’t tell us _______ to do with the defective products. (2)Could you show me _______ to deal with angry customers politely? 【答案】 (1)what (2)how 2. 【辨析】in case / in case of 易混短语 区别 例子 in case 连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“以防万一”。 Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. in case of 介词短语，后接名词或代词，意为“如果发生……；以防……”。 In case of fire, please use the stairs. 【即使训练】用 in case 或 in case of 填空 (1)_______ emergency, press the red button immediately. (2)I’ll leave my phone number with you _______ you need any help. 【答案】 (1)In case of (2)in case 3. 【辨析】rather than / other than 易混短语 区别 例子 rather than 表示“而不是”，连接并列成分，表达取舍关系。 I prefer to jog in the morning rather than in the evening. other than 表示“除了……之外”，常用于否定句或疑问句中。 I have no choice other than to accept his advice. 【即使训练】用 rather than 或 other than 填空 (1)She chose to resign _______ than accept the unfair transfer. (2)There is no one here _______ than the security guard at night. 【答案】 (1)rather (2)other 4. 【辨析】be capable of / be able to 易混短语 区别 例子 be capable of 强调具备做某事的能力或潜质，后接名词或动名词，可指人或物。 She is capable of finishing the task on her own. be able to 强调通过努力或技能做到某事，后接动词原形，多用于人。 He was able to solve the problem with the help of his coach. 【即使训练】用 be capable of 或 be able to 的适当形式填空 (1)This robot _______ lifting heavy boxes, but it _______ not move up stairs yet. (2)After months of practice, the little boy _______ swim across the pool. 【答案】 (1)is capable of, is able to (2)was able to 5. 【辨析】take advantage of / make use of 易混短语 区别 例子 take advantage of 常指“利用”机会、优势或他人的好意，有时含贬义。 You should take advantage of this chance to improve your English. make use of 强调“利用”资源、时间、工具等，中性表达。 We should make use of every minute to prepare for the exam. 【即使训练】用 take advantage of 或 make use of 的适当形式填空 (1)We should _______ every sunny day to dry the grains. (2)She _______ her boss’s absence to leave work early. 【答案】 (1)make use of (2)took advantage of 6. 【辨析】prevent / protect / defend 易混词 区别 例子 prevent 强调“阻止、防止”某事发生，常用搭配：prevent sb/sth from doing sth。 Regular exercise can prevent us from getting sick. protect 强调“保护”某人或某物免受伤害或损失，常用搭配：protect sb/sth from/against sth。 Wearing a mask can protect us from the virus. defend 强调“保卫、防御”以抵御攻击或危险，常用搭配：defend...against/from...。 Keeping a balanced diet helps defend ourselves against infection. 【即使训练】用 prevent / protect / defend 的适当形式填空（注意介词） (1)Sunscreen can _______ our skin _______ harmful UV rays. (2)Washing hands frequently _______ the spread of germs. (3)The army stood ready to _______ the country _______ any invasion. 【答案】 (1)protect, from/against (2)prevents (3)defend, against/from 7. 【辨析】amount / number / quantity 易混词 区别 例子 amount 修饰不可数名词，常用搭配：a large/small amount of + 不可数名词。 A large amount of time was wasted. number 修饰可数名词复数，常用搭配：a large/small number of + 可数名词复数。 A large number of students like running. 【即使训练】用 amount / number / quantity 填空（注意单复数） (1)A large _______ of furniture was damaged in the flood. (2)A growing _______ of researchers are studying this disease. 【答案】 (1)amount (2)number 8. 【辨析】sight / view / scene 易混词 区别 例子 sight 指“视野、视力”或“看见的事物”，强调“看”的行为或结果。 At the sight of the gift, she felt moved. view 指从某个位置看到的“风景、景色”，强调视野中的景象。 From the top of the hill, we had a wonderful view. scene 指“场景、场面”，包括人物活动和环境，常带有动态感。 The firefighters arrived quickly at the scene. 【即使训练】用 sight / view / scene 填空 (1)The _______ of the sunset over the lake took our breath away. (2)The police arrived at the _______ of the accident within five minutes. (3)She turned away at the _______ of the dead animal. 【答案】 (1)view (2)scene (3)sight 9. 【辨析】gather / collect 易混词 区别 例子 gather 强调“聚集、集合”人或物，侧重于分散后集中到一处。 The team gathered around, looking worried. collect 强调“收集、搜集”同类物品，侧重于有计划、有目的地整理。 He likes to collect stamps in his spare time. 【即使训练】用 gather 或 collect 的适当形式填空 (1)The teacher _______ all the homework papers and put them in her bag. (2)A crowd _______ in the square to watch the performance. 【答案】 (1)collected (2)gathered 10. 【辨析】earn / win / gain 易混词 区别 例子 earn 强调因付出努力、劳动或表现而“赢得、博得”，常指应得之物。 He earned his place on the team through hard work. win 强调在比赛、竞争或战斗中“获胜、赢得”，后接比赛、奖牌、荣誉等。 She won the gold medal in the French Open. gain 强调通过努力逐渐“获得、得到”，后接知识、经验、力量等抽象名词。 Regular exercise helps you gain strength and confidence. 【即使训练】用 earn / win / gain 的适当形式填空 (1)He _______ the respect of his colleagues by always being honest. (2)She _______ first prize in the speech contest last month. (3)Reading widely can help you _______ a deeper understanding of history. 【答案】 (1)earned (2)won (3)gain 知识点3：话题词汇拓展 一、运动项目与日常锻炼 1 take up a sport / take up sports 开始从事一项运动 2 work out regularly 定期锻炼 3 go jogging / swimming / cycling 去慢跑/游泳/骑自行车 4 do strength training 做力量训练 5 warm up before exercise 运动前热身 6 cool down after exercise 运动后放松/冷身 二、健康习惯与身体状态 7 maintain a balanced diet 保持均衡饮食 8 get enough sleep 获得充足睡眠 9 build up one's strength 增强体力/力量 10 improve flexibility and endurance 提高柔韧性和耐力 11 keep fit / stay in shape 保持健康/保持体型 12 recover from an injury 从伤病中恢复 三、运动中的态度与精神 13 push one's limits 挑战/突破自己的极限 14 show great determination 表现出极大的决心 15 never give up in the face of difficulty 在困难面前永不放弃 16 cooperate with teammates 与队友合作 17 respect opponents 尊重对手 18 win with grace and lose with dignity 赢得体面，输得有尊严 四、运动与身体形象（Body Image） 19 feel confident about one's body 对自己的身体感到自信 20 avoid extreme dieting 避免极端节食 21 accept one's body type 接受自己的体型 22 focus on health rather than appearance 关注健康而非外表 五、运动带来的成长与收获 23 develop a sense of teamwork 培养团队合作意识 24 build self-discipline 建立自律 25 relieve stress and anxiety 缓解压力和焦虑 26 boost one's energy and mood 提升精力和情绪 27 gain a sense of achievement 获得成就感 佳文欣赏 Since I entered senior high, I have made up my mind to take up a sport to keep fit. I choose to go jogging every morning before class. At first, it was hard to get up early, but I showed great determination and pushed my limits. To avoid injury, I always warm up first and cool down after running. I also try to maintain a balanced diet and get enough sleep to build up my strength. Besides physical benefits, sports have helped me relieve stress from heavy schoolwork. I joined the school basketball team, where I learned to cooperate with teammates and respect opponents. Winning is not everything — I believe we should win with grace and lose with dignity. More importantly, I feel confident about my body and no longer worry about my shape. Sports have taught me to focus on health rather than appearance. Now, I have gained a sense of achievement and truly enjoy my active lifestyle. 单元语法：关系代词（定语从句），V-ing形式和V-ed形式的形容词的用法 定语从句---关系代词 一、概念 定语从句：在复合句中，作定语，用来修饰某一名词(名词性短语)或代词的从句叫定语从句。 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 关系词：连接主句和从句的词叫关系词(关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有when，where，why)。 二、关系代词的用法 先行词 关系代词 在从句中所作成分 人 who 主语，宾语，表语 whom 宾语 that 主语，宾语，表语 whose 定语 物 that 主语，宾语，表语 which 主语，宾语 whose 定语 1.先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用who/that，且不可省略。 We are worrying about the people who/that have suffered from the disease in the area. 我们担心这个地区遭受疾病折磨的人们。 [温馨提示] 先行词是人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况 ①当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone等。 Anyone who aims to get ahead must work hard. 任何想成功的人都必须努力。 ②当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。 He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 ③当先行词为指人的those时。 Those who have good manners will be highly respected. 那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。 ④在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young man who wants to buy a skateboard. 有一个年轻人想买个滑板。 2．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用who/that/whom，可省略。 He is the expert (who/that/whom) I mentioned to you yesterday. 他就是我昨天给你提到的那个专家。 [温馨提示] 关系词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom，且不可省略。 This is the voluntary teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot. 这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的那位支教老师。 3．先行词是人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 Do you know the girl whose Chinese is excellent？你认识那个汉语非常优秀的姑娘吗？ [温馨提示] whose指代人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，the homework of whom hasn’t been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students，of whom the homework hasn’t been done on schedule. 我要和那些没完成作业的学生谈话。 4．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that，且不可省略。 He is working in the company which/that was opened in 1870. 他现在在那个1870年开始运作的公司工作。 5．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that，可省略。 The gold medal (which/that) she won has been given to her old school. 她曾经获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。 [温馨提示] (1)宜用that不宜用which的情况 ①当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。 All that can be done has been done. 一切能做的都已经做完了。 ②当先行词被all，every，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。 Music is the only thing that interests me. 音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 ③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。 ④当先行词中既有人又有物时。 She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。 ⑤当先行词前面出现who，which等疑问代词时，为了避免重复。 Who is the boy that is playing computer games there? 在那里玩电脑游戏的那个男孩是谁？ Which is the book that you are interested in? 你感兴趣的书是哪本？ (2)宜用which不宜用that的情况 ①关系代词前有介词时。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家鞋店。 ②在非限制性定语从句中。 Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl? 你读过一个年轻女孩写的这本书吗？ 6．先行词是物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose。 He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. 他志愿加入这个活动，活动的目的是帮助那些处于困难中的人。 [温馨提示] whose指物时，常用下列结构来代替： He volunteered to join in the activity whose aim is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，the aim of which is to help those who are in trouble. ＝He volunteered to join in the activity，of which the aim is to help those who are in trouble. 三、使用定语从句的注意事项 1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who are over 45 years old won’t be permitted to go into the hall. 超过45岁的人不允许进入大厅。 [温馨提示] “one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned to play golf. 他是我们班里唯一一个学过高尔夫球的男孩。 2．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。 This is the apartment which he bought last year.(bought后不可加it) 这就是他去年买的那所公寓。 【即时检测】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Our English teacher is a person is energetic and friendly. 2．The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week. 3．The girl father is an editor goes jogging regularly. 4．This is a new kind of car parts are of high quality. 5．We’d better forget the persons and things put us under pressure. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags . 同时，他们的妈妈出去买回了他们需要的纸袋。 2．Much sooner than expected，he returned with an empty basket and so much money . 比预计的早很多，他回来了，带着空空的篮子和从来也没有见过的那么多的钱。 3．The athlete was badly hurt in the match recovered in the end. 在那次比赛中脚严重受伤的那名运动员最终康复了。 4．Opportunity only favors those . 机会只眷顾那些有准备的人。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．who/that 2．that/which 3． whose 4．whose 5．that Ⅱ.完成句子 1． that/which they needed. 2．that he had never seen before. 3．whose foot/the foot of whom 4．who are prepared. 不定代词 不定代词是不具体指代某个特定名词的代词。在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 一、常见不定代词 可数/不可数 不定代词 代替可数名词 one，each，many，another，other，either，neither，(a) few 代替不可数名词 much，(a) little 代替可数/不可数名词 none，any，all，some 复合不定代词 anyone，anybody，anything；someone，somebody，something；everyone，everybody，everything；nobody，no one，nothing (1)I’m not satisfied with everything that he did. 对他做的事情我并不是都满意。 (2)Someone/Somebody is waiting for you at the campus. 有人在校园里等你。 (3)But I don’t know anyone/anybody in the company. 但是在这个公司里我谁也不认识。 (4)Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。 (5)The boxing match will be held in September，but nobody/no one knows the date for sure. 拳击赛将在九月份举行，但没有人知道确切的日期。 二、几组常见不定代词的区别 1．many，much，few，a few，little，a little 区别 意义　　 许多 有点/些(表示肯定) 几乎没有(表示否定) 可数 many a few few 不可数 much a little little (1)I have a lot of friends but I don’t have much money. 我有很多朋友，但是我没有很多钱。 (2)Just as the saying goes，many hands make light work. 俗话说：“人多力量大”。 (3)The expert’s theory is so difficult that few people can understand and accept it. 这位专家的理论很深奥，很少有人会理解并接受它。 (4)In this way they can make the trip with just a little money. 用这种方式，他们只要一点钱就能去旅游。 2．another，other，the other，others，the others 不定代词 词义 用法 another 另一个，又一个 用于三者或三者以上中的另一个，后接可数名词单数 other 其他的，另外的 后接复数名词 the other 两者中的另一个 常与one连用，构成one...the other...一个……另一个…… others 泛指别的人或物 是other的复数形式，不能作定语，常构成some...others... the others 特指其余的人或物 是the other 的复数形式，常构成some...the others... (1)We have two hands.One is on the left，the other is on the right. 我们有两只手。一只在左边，另一只在右边。 (2)There are 40 students in our class.Three are American，and the others/the other students are Chinese. 我们班有40个学生，3个是美国人，剩下的都是中国人。 (3)I have eaten an apple，but I still want another (apple)． 我已经吃了一个苹果了，但是我还想要一个。 (4)Some students like English while other students/others like physics. 一些学生喜欢英语而另外的一些学生喜欢物理。 3．it，one，the one，ones，the ones，that，those 不定代词 用法 it 代替前面出现的可数名词单数，前面提到的某件事情、某种情况、某个动作以避免重复，也可以代替动词不定式短语、名词短语等 one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数或a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数，为泛指，指“同类当中的某一个” the one 用来代替前面提到的可数名词单数，为特指 ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为泛指 the ones 用来代替前面提到的可数名词复数，为特指，相当于those that 代替前面提到的“the＋不可数名词”，也可代替前面提到的“the＋可数名词单数”，这时可以和the one 互换，往往表示和前面的名词是同类但不同个 those 代替前面出现的可数名词复数，避免重复，且表示特指，后有定语修饰，可与the ones通用 (1)A house which is built of bricks lasts longer than the one that is made of woods. 用砖建造的房子比用木头建造的房子耐用。 (2)As we all know，the population of Beijing is larger than that of Jinan. 众所周知，北京的人口比济南的人口多。 (3)The athletes of this team are more dynamic and confident than those/the ones of that team. 这个队的运动员比那个队的运动员更有活力、更自信。 (4)There are various laptops in the store，and I want to buy one. 商店里有各种各样的笔记本电脑，我想买一台。 (5)I like your skateboard very much.Can you lend it to me? 我很喜欢你的滑板。你能借我用用吗？ 4．both，neither，either 不定代词 意义 在句中所作成分 谓语动词的形式 both 两者都 作主语、宾语、定语或同位语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式 neither 两者都不 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式 either 两者中任一个 作主语、宾语及定语，可以和of短语连用 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 (1)She invited both of us to her birthday party. 她邀请我们两个都参加她的生日宴会。 (2)It was hard for him to learn English in a family，in which neither of the parents spoke the language. 对他来说在一个父母都不说英语的家庭中，学英语很难。 (3)You can choose either of the topics，but do not attempt both. 你可以选择任意的一个话题，但不能两个都选。 【即时训练】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Jack and Tom are good friends and are in the same class. 2．The cost of buying a house in Beijing is higher than in Xi’an. 3．To stay energetic，he finished a cup of tea and ordered . 4．Larry asked Bill and Peter to go jogging with him，but of them wanted to. 5．He bought an apartment and he was very satisfied with . 6．On Sundays，some people go to play basketball，and stay at home watching TV. 7．You can ask anyone here for help. here is willing to lend you a hand. 8．Can’t we do more tough and challenging？ 9.Due to lacking money，they were not supplied with enough (equip)． 10．We ought to take effective measures to prevent forests from (cut) down. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．Doing a part-time job broadening our horizons. 做份兼职有利于我们开阔视野。 2．He is a person who . 他是一个很讲究生活质量的人。 3． ，I have adapted to my new school life. 让我父母满意的是，我已经适应了我的新学校的生活。 4．I’m now about Tang poetry. 现在我写信告诉你关于唐诗的一些内容。 5．I suggested that he and that he should think about problems in a positive way. 我建议他不能放弃，应该用一种积极的方式思考问题。 【答案】 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．both 2．that 3．another. 4．neither 5．it. 6．others. 7．.Everyone 8．something 9. equipment． 10．being cut Ⅱ.完成句子 1．is beneficial to/of benefit to 2．is particular about the quality of life. 3．To my parents’ satisfaction 4．writing to tell you something 5．(should) not give up （时间：30分钟） 1、 单词拼写 单词拼写题（根据汉语提示填写单词） 1.My grandfather still goes __________ (慢跑) every morning. 2.She __________ (更喜欢) tea to coffee. 3.It is important to have a __________ (均衡的) diet. 4.The players are training on the __________ (球场). 5.You should exercise __________ (经常地) to keep fit. 6.The __________ (冠军) was awarded a gold medal. 7.His story gave me great __________ (灵感). 8.Many players __________ (参加选拔) for the national team. 9.The fans __________ (聚集) around the stadium. 10.The coach spoke __________ (严厉地) to the player. 11.Don't __________ (辜负) your parents' trust. 12.He __________ (赢得) a place on the team. 13.The __________ (人群) burst into cheers. 14.He took on some __________ (额外的) training. 15.The fans __________ (鼓掌) for the captain. 16.The __________ (观众) were excited about the match. 17.Please __________ (提醒) me to bring my shoes. 18.The school holds an __________ (一年一度的) sports meeting. 19.Do some __________ (热身) before running. 20.To our __________ (失望), our team lost. 【答案】 1.jogging 2.prefers 3.balanced 4.court 5.regularly 6.champion 7.inspiration 8.try out 9.gathered 10.sharply 11.let down 12.earned 13.crowd 14.extra 15.clapped 16.audience 17.remind 18.annual 19.warm-up 20.disappointment 2、 阅读理解 A Rush up the stairs.Play games with your kids.Increasing the vigor (活力) of our daily activities could have a huge impact on our long life, according to a new study of movement intensity and death rates. The study finds that as few as three minutes a day of vigorous everyday activity is linked to a 40 percent lower risk of early death in adults, even when they do not exercise at all.“It is fantastic research，” said Ulrik Wisloff, the director of the K．G.Jebsen Center for Exercise in Medicine at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. The study's results join rising scientific evidence that adding a little intensity to our lives pays big dividends for our health, without requiring extra equipment, instruction, gym memberships or time.The idea that how we move influences how long we live is hardly new.Plenty of research links regular exercise with longevity (长寿)，including the formal public health exercise guidelines, which recommend at least 150 minutes a week of moderate (适度的) exercise for health and longevity. More－focused research, though, suggests intensifying some of our exercise increases the health benefits.In a study from Wisloff's lab, for instance, just 30 minutes a week of intense exercise dropped the risk of dying from heart disease by about half in men and women, compared to people who were sitting long.Similarly, a study published in JAMA Internal Medicine concluded that people who occasionally pushed themselves during exercise were about 17 percent less likely to die early than people who did the same amount of exercise, but at a gentler, mild pace. Both of these studies, though, were based on people's recall of how much and how hard they exercised.They also were exercise studies, making them of interest mostly to people who exercise or would like to, which does not represent the greater part of humanity.“If we're honest, most people are allergic (过敏) to the word ‘exercise’，” said Emmanuel Stamatakis, a professor of physical activity and health studies at the University of Sydney, who led the new study. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究结果表明增加运动强度可能对我们的长寿产生巨大影响。 1．What is the main finding of the new study？(　A　) A.There's a connection between exercise intensity and long life. B.Increasing the intensity of daily activity doesn't affect our life. C.Vigorous everyday activity is better than moderate exercise. D.The way people choose to exercise determines people's health. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Increasing the vigor (活力) of our daily activities could have a huge impact on our long life, according to a new study of movement intensity and death rates.”以及第二段“The study finds that as few as three minutes a day of vigorous everyday activity is linked to a 40 percent lower risk of early death in adults, even when they do not exercise at all.”可知，该研究结果表明运动强度和长寿之间存在联系。故选A。 2．What does the underlined phrase “pays big dividends for” mean in paragraph 3？(　A　) A.Brings great benefits to. B.Causes serious harm to. C.Takes off the pressure from. D.Raises big money for. 解析：词句猜测题。根据画线部分下文“The idea that how we move influences how long we live is hardly new…which recommend at least 150 minutes a week of moderate (适度的) exercise for health and longevity.”可知，画线部分指的是运动有好处。故选A。 3．Why does the author mention the study from Wisloff's lab in paragraph 4？(　C　) A.To explain the right amount of exercise improves health. B.To show energetic exercise raises heart rates and breathing. C.To prove adding some intensity to exercise brings more benefits. D.To demonstrate exercise in a gentler way benefits people more. 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第四段“More－focused research, though, suggests intensifying some of our exercise increases the health benefits…compared to people who were sitting long.”可知，第四段提到Wisloff的实验室的一项研究是为了论证加强运动强度对健康有益。故选C。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph？(　D　) A.People's subjective recall is reliable. B.Most people like exercise to a certain degree. C.The new study involves a great majority of people. D.Both of the studies have some limitations. 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Both of these studies, though, were based on people's recall of how much and how hard they exercised.They also were exercise studies, making them of interest mostly to people who exercise or would like to, which does not represent the greater part of humanity.”可知，这两项研究都存在一定的局限性。故选D。 B Want to learn a new language or get A's in college exams? Previous studies have shown that exercise can help stimulate the areas of the brain that convert (转换) new information into long­term memory.A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning. Building upon past research that found exercise releases biochemicals that improve mental function, scientists at Radboud University and the University of Edinburgh conducted a study to determine when exercise was most beneficial to learning. Participants—72 healthy male and female adults—were first asked to perform a computer test that challenged their visual and spatial learning.After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries, but two­thirds of them also exercised.Half of the exercisers did circuit training on an exercise bike for 35 minutes immediately after the test.The other half did the same exercise but not until four hours after they had been tested. Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test, and they were connected to MRI (磁共振成像) machines to assess their brain activity.The participants who exercised four hours after taking the computer test were able to recall what they had learned most accurately.Their brainwaves also showed more consistent levels of activity, indicating that their brains were less taxed to remember what they had learned. According to this research, the best time to exercise to improve learning is four hours after studying.But why? That's one question the researchers have yet to answer.Another question left unanswered is the level of exercise that might best improve learning.I've run enough marathons to prove the fact that my brain is anything but sharp during or after a tough workout.But the researchers noted that light workouts might not give the brain enough of a biochemical boost to improve learning. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于运动助力学习的新研究。 5．What did the new study aim to explore？(　A　) A.When exercise is best for learning. B.What biochemicals are good for health. C.How brainwaves should be measured. D.Which area of the brain is the most active. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“A new study has taken this information one step further and found the best time when exercise can help maximize learning.”可知，新研究是为了探索什么时候运动对学习最有益。故选A。 6．What were all the participants asked to do during the experiment？(　D　) A.Train on bicycles. B.Do mathematics exercises. C.Play computer games. D.Watch films about nature. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“After the test, all of the subjects watched nature documentaries”可知，在实验中所有参与者都被要求观看自然纪录片。故选D。 7．Why did the participants return to the lab two days later？(　B　) A.To do a medical examination. B.To have their memory tested. C.To get their workouts recorded. D.To finish their previous tasks. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段的“Two days later, all of the participants returned to the lab for a recall test”可知，参与者两天后回到实验室是为了进行记忆测试。故选B。 8．What might the author's marathon running prove？(　D　) A.The findings of the study are reliable. B.Long­distance runners are often smart. C.Studies on the marathon are not enough. D.Hard exercise may not sharpen the brain. 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“I've run enough marathons to prove the fact…a tough workout.”可知，作者想用自己的马拉松经历说明剧烈运动可能不会使大脑更敏锐。故选D。 3、 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 If there's one crucial lesson that Tara Snyder, a seasoned(有经验的) mail carrier for the U．S. Postal Service, reveals to every new 1 ， it's this：“Even if a dog seems friendly for 364 days of the year, they can still have a bad day—and bite.” Snyder speaks from 2 ． In April 2024, while completing her usual route in Pennsylvania, she 3 a resident's door to obtain a signature for a piece of mail. 4 she had time to react, a 70­pound dog charged out of the house and attacked her hand. She 5 to protect herself with her mailbag, but it was too late. “It 6 my hand open pretty severely，”she recalls. The injury required 17 stitches, a round of antibiotics, and three weeks off work to recover. This wasn't the first or last 7 between Snyder and aggressive dogs at that residence. On a separate occasion, another dog 8 her on the porch, though fortunately, she wasn't bitten that time. The incident has 9 Animal Control to investigate the owners, and the Postal Service is taking every 10 to protect its mail carriers. Sadly, Snyder's story is far from 11 ： according to Postal Service data, there were 5，800 reported dog­related incidents involving postal workers in 2023. This brings us to the 12 paw­print stickers you may have noticed on mailboxes. An orange sticker 13 a dog resides at that address, while a yellow sticker shows that a dog lives nearby. The 14 was to warn Postal Service employees and other delivery workers to remain alert(警惕的)， 15 around dogs with a known history of negative reactions to mail carriers. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是美国邮局的邮递员Snyder给新来的培训生分享送件时遭遇恶犬并受伤的经历。这次经历也推动了美国邮局采取措施来保护邮递员。他们想到的方法是在邮箱上贴“狗狗贴纸”，来提醒邮递员注意恶犬。 1．(　C　)A.employer B．customer C.trainee D．neighbour 解析：根据前文中的“seasoned(有经验的) mail carrier”可知，Snyder在给新来的培训生(trainee)做经验分享。 2．(　A　)A.experience B．capability C.knowledge D．profession 解析：根据后文提到的2024年4月发生的被恶狗撕咬的故事可知，此处表示Snyder是结合个人经历(experience)来讲述的。 3．(　D　)A.kicked B．opened C.blocked D．approached 解析：根据语境可知，Snyder是走向(approach)大门，获得邮件的签名。 4．(　B　)A.Until B．Before C.Since D．Immediately 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示她还没来得及(before)反应。 5．(　C　)A.failed B．managed C.attempted D．resolved 解析：根据后文中的“but it was too late”可知，她尝试(attempt)去保护自己，但没有成功。attempt to do sth.尝试去做某事；manage to do sth.设法成功做成某事。 6．(　B　)A.pushed B．tore C.threw D．speared 解析：根据句意可知，此处表示狗撕咬她的手。tear…open将……撕开；spear用尖物刺穿。 7．(　B　)A.bond B．encounter C.disagreement D．competition 解析：根据前文内容可知，此处表示这不是第一次或最后一次与恶狗的对峙(encounter)。 8．(　A　)A.cornered B．discouraged C.squeezed D．accompanied 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示另一只狗把她堵在门廊。corner将……逼入死角；使……走投无路。 9．(　A　)A.urged B．empowered C.directed D．persuaded 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示此事件促使动物控制部门去调查狗主人。urge sb.to do sth.鼓动/敦促某人做某事；empower sb.to do sth.给某人权力去做某事，增加(某人的)自主权。 10．(　C　)A.turn B．energy C.measure D．course 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示美国邮局采取措施保护邮递员。take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事。 11．(　A　)A.unique B．simple C.common D．frequent 解析：后文介绍了2023年有5 800起与狗有关的事件涉及邮递员。因此，此处表示此事件并不是唯一的。far from unique某事物并不是唯一的，并不独特。 12．(　D　)A.plain B．sketched C.faded D．colored 解析：根据后文中的“orange”和“yellow”可知，此处指涂成不同颜色的贴纸。color(用颜料、彩色笔等)为……着色。 13．(　B　)A.hides B．signals C.flashes D．introduces 解析：根据语境可知，一个橘色贴纸表示(signal)这家有狗，黄色的表示附近有狗。 14．(　D　)A.prospect B．occupation C.expectation D．intention 解析：根据语境可知，此处表示贴不同颜色的贴纸的目的(intention)是提醒邮局的工作人员和其他送货员保持警惕，特别(especially)是在对邮递员有负面反应历史的狗的周围。 15．(　A　)A.especially B．reasonably C.occasionally D．constantly 解析： 解析见第14题。 四、书面表达 [写作任务] 假定你是李华，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。内容包括： 1．上周日我和同学张伟去看羽毛球比赛直播，在去球场的路上看到一位老人躺在地上。 2．我坐在老人身边照看着他，张伟打电话叫了救护车。 3．我们决定和老人一起去医院，等老人的儿子来了我们才离开。 4．我们错过了看羽毛球比赛，但是一点也不后悔，我们为自己做的事感到自豪。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头已给出，不计入总词数。 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一个真实的故事。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇记叙文，写作时应注意记叙文的常规格式； 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时和过去进行时为主； 3．主体人称：由于是写发生在自己身上的故事，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：交代故事发生的背景； 第二段：叙述故事的过程和结局； 第三段：表达对整个故事的感想。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心词汇] 1．在去球场的路上 2．走近些 3．照顾 4．错过了比赛 5．为……感到自豪 6．幸福的源泉 [连词成句] 1．我们在去球场的路上正走着。 . 2．我们看到一位老人在路上躺着。 . 3．我们走近了一些。 . 4．我们发现他伤得很重。 We found that . 5．直到老人的儿子到达，我们才离开。 We didn’t leave . 6．我们为我们所做的事情感到骄傲。 . 7．我们明白了帮助别人是幸福的源泉。 . 第三步　句式升级 1．请把第一和第二句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 . (be doing...when...，某人正在做……这时……) 2．请把第三和第四句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 (1) ，we found that he was badly injured.(when引导时间状语从句) (2) ，we found that he was badly injured.(现在分词短语作状语) 3．请按下面括号内的提示改写第五句话。 N .(部分倒装句型) 4．请把第六和第七句话按下面括号内的提示合成一句话。 .(not only...but also...) 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。 参考范文 [核心词汇] 1．on the way to the court 2．walk closer 3．take care of 4．miss the match 5．be proud of/take pride in 6．the source of happiness [连词成句] 1．We were walking on the way to the court. 2．We saw an old man lying on the ground. 3．We walked closer. 4．We found that he was badly injured. 5．We didn’t leave until the old man’s son arrived. 6．We were proud of what we had done. 7．We understood helping others is the source of happiness. 第三步　句式升级 We were walking on the way to the court when we saw an old man lying on the ground.We were walking on the way to the court when we saw an old man lying on the ground. Walking closer，we found that he was badly injured.Thus I sat there to take care of the old man and meanwhile Zhang Wei called the ambulance.After a while the ambulance arrived and we decided to go to the hospital with the old man.Not until the old man’s son arrived did we leave. Although we missed the match，we felt more than delighted.We were not only proud of what we had done but also understood helping others is the source of happiness. 6 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $