Unit 1 People of achievement 语法(非限定性定语从句) 导学案-2026-2027学年人教版高中英语选择性必修一

该高中英语导学案聚焦Unit1非限定性定语从句，通过单元成就人物话题导入，对比限定性从句，以定义、核心特征、绝对禁忌、七大关系词用法及as/which辨析为支架，衔接基础语法与高阶应用知识。 资料特色在于融合真实语境，设计填空、改写、汉译英分层练习提升语言能力，原句深度拆解与对比辨析培养思维品质，配套详细答案助力自主学习，有效发展学习能力，贴合新课标核心素养要求。

Unit1 People of Achievement语法讲解与练习 非限定性定语从句详细讲解 一、核心语法精讲 1. 基本定义与核心特征 定义：非限定性定语从句是对主句中的先行词（人/物）或整个主句内容进行补充、附加说明的从句，仅起拓展信息作用，不限制、不定义先行词范围。 核心两大特征（必考）： ① 标点特征：必须用逗号与主句隔开，是区分限定性/非限定性从句的第一判断依据； ② 语义特征：删除从句后，主句结构完整、语义独立通顺，不影响核心意思。 例句1（单元话题）：Tu Youyou, who discovered artemisinin, is a great achiever. 逐句解析： ✅ 先行词：Tu Youyou（专有名词，特指唯一的人，无需限定，只能用非限定性从句）； ✅ 从句 who discovered artemisinin：补充说明屠呦呦的核心成就，无此从句，主句“Tu Youyou is a great achiever（屠呦呦是伟大的成功者）”依然完整； ✅ 翻译：不译为“……的”，拆分译为并列句“屠呦呦发现了青蒿素,她是一位伟大的成功者”。 对比限定性从句（区分难点）：The scientist who discovered artemisinin is Tu Youyou. 解析：无逗号，从句用于限定范围（不是其他科学家，是发现青蒿素的这位），删除从句后主句“The scientist is Tu Youyou”语义模糊，不成立。 口诀记忆：有逗号、不限制、补信息、删之不影响主句 2. 绝对禁忌与易错规则 ❌ 规则1：非限定性定语从句，绝对不能用 that 错句：Tu Youyou, that won the Nobel Prize, devoted herself to research. 解析：逗号隔开的非限定从句，直接排除that，that仅用于无逗号的限定性从句； 正确句：Tu Youyou, who won the Nobel Prize, devoted herself to research. ❌ 规则2：关系词绝对不能省略 解析：限定性从句中，关系代词作宾语可省略；但非限定性从句无论作主句还是宾语，关系词一律不省略。 错句：The drug, we use widely, saves many lives. 正确句：The drug, which we use widely, saves many lives. ✅ 规则3：特殊用法：which/as 可指代整件主句 解析：普通定语从句只修饰名词，而非限定性从句中，which/as 可以指代前面一整句话的内容，翻译为“这一点、这件事、正如”。 例句：She persisted in research, which led to her great success. 解析：which 不指代research，指代前面“她坚持研究”整件事，这是非限定从句独有的用法。 3. 七大关系词细分用法 A.who 指代人，从句中作主语 例句：Qian Xuesen, who made great contributions to China, is a respectable scientist. 解析：先行词Qian Xuesen（人），从句缺少主语，非限定从句用who补充信息，无逗号则为限定性从句。 B.whom 指代人，从句中作宾语（常搭配介词） 例句：The expert, whom we admire deeply, devoted his life to science. 解析：先行词是人，从句谓语admire后缺宾语，正式文体用whom，口语可通用who； 介词提前只能用whom（to whom/for whom）。 C.whose 指代人/物，表所属“……的”，作定语 例句：Tu Youyou, whose research saved millions of people, won global fame. 解析：whose修饰先行词Tu Youyou，衔接后面的名词research，表“她的研究”，是人所属；whose也可修饰物（the lab, whose equipment is simple）。 D.which 指代物/整件事，作主/宾语 用法1（指代事物）：Artemisinin, which is a vital drug, cures malaria effectively. 解析：which指代物artemisinin，从句补充药物功效。 用法2（指代整句）：She overcame countless difficulties, which amazed the world. 解析：which指代“她克服无数困难”整件事，翻译为“这”。 E.as 指代整句，表“正如”，可放句首/句中 例句：As is known to all, great achievements require persistent efforts. 解析：as指代后面整句话内容，固定句式，只能用as，不能用which（which不可放句首）。 F.when 指代时间，从句中作时间状语 例句：2015, when Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize, is a historic year. 解析：先行词是时间名词，从句主谓完整，缺少时间状语，用when，等同于in which。 G.where 指代地点，从句中作地点状语 例句：The institute, where Tu Youyou worked, has a long history. 解析：先行词是地点名词，从句主谓完整，缺少地点状语，用where，等同于in which。 4. 重难点辨析：as vs which 指代整句 as 的用法详解 ✅ 含义：正如、正像，贴合大众认知、预料之中的事 ✅ 位置：可放句首、句中、句末 ✅ 固定高频搭配：as we know（众所周知）; as is expected（正如所料）; as is mentioned above（如上所述） 例句：As we expected, she made extraordinary scientific achievements. 解析：事件在预料范围内，用as，不可用which。 which 的用法详解 ✅ 含义：这、这件事，单纯陈述事实，无“正如”含义 ✅ 位置：只能放在主句之后，绝对不能放句首 ✅ 语境：多用来引出结果、意外、补充事实 例句：She failed many times, which finally brought her success. 解析：陈述“多次失败终获成功”的客观事实，无预料含义，只能用which。 终极对比错题 ❌ Which is known to all, hard work leads to success.（位置错误） ✅ As is known to all, hard work leads to success.（正确） ✅ Hard work leads to success, which is known to all.（正确） 5. 单元课本原句深度拆解 原句：Tu Youyou, whose research led to the discovery of artemisinin, is a Nobel Prize-winning pharmacologist. 1. 先行词：Tu Youyou（专有名词，唯一人物，无需限定，只能用非限定性从句，加逗号）； 2. 关系词whose：表所属关系“……的”，衔接先行词和后面的名词research，在从句中作定语； 3. 从句功能：仅补充屠呦呦的研究成果，删除从句后，主句“Tu Youyou is a Nobel Prize-winning pharmacologist”语义完整； 4. 翻译技巧：非限定从句拆分翻译，不前置，译为“屠呦呦是诺贝尔药理奖得主，她的研究促成了青蒿素的发现”； 5. 考点延伸：此处绝对不能用that，不能省略关系词，是单元语法必考原型句。 拓展单元例句：She carried out hundreds of experiments, which helped her find artemisinin. 解析：which指代前面整句话“她做了数百次实验”，作从句主语，表结果，是非限定从句高阶考点，高频用于写作。 二、专项配套练习 大题一：用正确的关系词填空 从 who/whom/whose/which/as/when/where 中选择合适词填空 1. Tu Youyou, ________ devoted herself to medical research, won the Nobel Prize in 2015. 2. The boy passed the final exam, ________ made his parents very happy. 3. The old house, ________ we lived ten years ago, has been pulled down. 4. She succeeded in her research in 1972, ________ the world was suffering from malaria. 5. ________ is known to all, great achievements come from persistent efforts. 6. The scientist, ________ we admire most, never feared scientific failures. 7. Her hard work finally paid off, ________ surprised the whole scientific community. 8. Qian Xuesen, ________ contributions to Chinese aerospace are remarkable, is a national hero. 9. The lab, ________ basic equipment was simple, witnessed countless breakthroughs. 10. He overcame numerous difficulties, ________ made his success more valuable. 11. ________ is expected, more young people will devote themselves to scientific research. 12. The year 1901, ________ Tu Youyou was born, witnessed rapid medical development. 13. This research project, ________ many experts took part, focused on malaria treatment. 14. The old hospital, ________ traditional Chinese medicine was studied, has a long history. 15. She insisted on scientific exploration, ________ was the key to her great success. 16. The scholar, ________ works are widely praised, keeps modest and diligent. 17. We respect the great scientists, ________ have devoted their lives to public welfare. 18. The experiment failed several times, ________ didn’t stop her from trying again. 19. ________ we can see, persistence is essential for scientific innovation. 20. The conference, ________ was held last month, honored outstanding researchers. 21. The village, ________ the great scientist spent his childhood, is very peaceful. 22. He published many papers, ________ laid a solid foundation for future research. 23. The award ceremony took place in Sweden, ________ many top scientists gathered. 24. The theory, ________ he put forward years ago, is still influential today. 25. The scientist, ________ we interviewed yesterday, shared his valuable research experience. 大题二：句子改写 要求：将两个简单句合并为含非限定性定语从句的复合句 1. Tu Youyou is a brilliant pharmacologist. She discovered artemisinin. ______________________________________________________________ 2. Artemisinin is an effective drug. It cures people of malaria. ______________________________________________________________ 3. She devoted all her time to research. This moved countless people. ______________________________________________________________ 4. The institute is in Beijing. Tu Youyou once worked there. ______________________________________________________________ 5. 2015 is a special year. Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize that year. ______________________________________________________________ 6. Great scientists keep working hard. This is the secret of their achievements. ______________________________________________________________ 7. The researcher is very experienced. We learned a lot from him. ______________________________________________________________ 8. Her research method is scientific. It has been widely used in medical fields. ______________________________________________________________ 9. Many people benefit from her discovery. It makes her life meaningful. ______________________________________________________________ 10. The book records her research process. It is popular among medical students. ______________________________________________________________ 大题三：汉译英句子翻译 要求：每句必须使用非限定性定语从句 1. 屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家，她毕生致力于中医药研究。 ______________________________________________________________ 2. 青蒿素是一种重要药物，它挽救了全球数百万人的生命。 ______________________________________________________________ 3. 她经历了无数次失败，这最终助力她取得了巨大突破。 ______________________________________________________________ 4. 众所周知，坚持是科研成功的关键。 ______________________________________________________________ 5. 这位科学家在简陋的实验室工作，那里见证了无数科研成果。 ______________________________________________________________ 6. 2015年是值得铭记的一年，那年屠呦呦荣获诺贝尔奖。 ______________________________________________________________ 7. 她的研究极具价值，这让她享誉世界。 ______________________________________________________________ 8. 我们敬佩所有杰出的研究者，他们为人类进步默默奉献。 ______________________________________________________________ 9. 她提出了新的治疗方法，这大大降低了疟疾的死亡率。 ______________________________________________________________ 10. 正如我们所预料的，这位学者取得了非凡的成就。 ______________________________________________________________ 11. 这家科研机构培养了许多人才，其中多数人深耕医学领域。 ______________________________________________________________ 12. 她始终坚守初心，这是她成功的重要原因。 ______________________________________________________________ 13. 诺贝尔奖是顶级荣誉，它表彰各行各业的杰出人物。 ______________________________________________________________ 14. 她的研究团队克服了重重困难，这为后续研究积累了经验。 ______________________________________________________________ 15. 这座纪念馆坐落于杭州，每年接待无数前来瞻仰的游客。 ______________________________________________________________ Keys 大题一 1. who 2. which 3. where 4. when 5. As 6. whom/who 7. which 8. whose 9. whose 10. which 11. As 12. when 13. in which 14. where 15. which 16. whose 17. who 18. which 19. As 20. which 21. where 22. which 23. where 24. which 25. whom/who 大题二 1. Tu Youyou, who discovered artemisinin, is a brilliant pharmacologist. 2. Artemisinin, which cures people of malaria, is an effective drug. 3. She devoted all her time to research, which moved countless people. 4. The institute, where Tu Youyou once worked, is in Beijing. 5. 2015 is a special year, when Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize. 6. Great scientists keep working hard, which is the secret of their achievements. 7. The researcher, from whom we learned a lot, is very experienced. 8. Her research method, which has been widely used in medical fields, is scientific. 9. Many people benefit from her discovery, which makes her life meaningful. 10. The book, which records her research process, is popular among medical students. 大题三 1. Tu Youyou is a great scientist, who devotes all her life to the research of traditional Chinese medicine. 2. Artemisinin is an important drug, which has saved millions of lives around the world. 3. She experienced countless failures, which eventually helped her make great breakthroughs. 4. As is known to all, perseverance is the key to success in scientific research. 5. The scientist works in a simple laboratory, where numerous scientific achievements have been made. 6. 2015 is a memorable year, when Tu Youyou received the Nobel Prize. 7. Her research is of great value, which makes her famous all over the world. 8. We admire all outstanding researchers, who devote themselves silently to human progress. 9. She put forward a new treatment, which has greatly reduced the death rate of malaria. 10. As we expected, the scholar has made extraordinary achievements. 11. This scientific institution has cultivated many talents, most of whom work deeply in the medical field. 12. She always stays true to her original aspiration, which is an important reason for her success. 13. The Nobel Prize is a top honor, which recognizes outstanding people in all walks of life. 14. Her research team overcame numerous difficulties, which accumulated experience for follow-up studies. 15. The memorial hall lies in Hangzhou, which receives countless visiting tourists every year. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $