Unit 2 Getting along 基础训练（单词、短语、句子、语法、写作）2026-2027学年八年级英语上册单元核心知识精讲精练（新教材外研版）

**基本信息** 围绕"Getting along"主题构建词汇-语法-语篇-写作的完整训练体系，注重语言能力与思维品质的协同发展。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇训练|40题|含单词拼写、首字母填空、词形变化|从基础词汇记忆到语境应用，构建"音-形-义"三维认知| |短语应用|24题|固定搭配与语境填空结合|围绕人际交往主题精选高频短语，强化情境化运用能力| |语法训练|25题|聚焦现在完成时专项突破|从时态判断到延续性动词转换，构建语法规则应用体系| |语篇训练|20空|语法填空与选词填空|在社区生活语篇中渗透文化意识，提升语用能力| |写作任务|1题|半命题议论文|从现象描述到策略分析，培养逻辑思维与表达能力|

Unit 2 Getting along 基础训练（单词、短语、句子、语法、写作） 一、根据汉语提示写单词 1.Don’t ________ (大声喊叫) in the library. 2.They will ________ (建造) a new park next year. 3.Please ________ (敲门) before you come in. 4.He will ________ (返回) home tomorrow. 5.She ________ (主动提供) me some help yesterday. 6.We ________ (计划) to visit the museum this weekend. 7.My parents don’t ________ (允许) me to go out at night. 8.We should ________ (尊重) our teachers. 9.They often ________ (争吵) about small things. 10.We can ________ (把……分开) the cake into four parts. 11.We hope to ________ (实现) our dreams. 12.Time will ________ (流逝) quickly. 13.Wait for me at the school ________ (大门). 14.There is a small ________ (洞) in the wall. 15.What’s the main ________ (寓意) of this story? 16.We need better ________ (理解) between friends. 17.He is in Grade Seven, and I’m in the same ________ (年级). 18.I read an interesting ________ (文章) in the newspaper. 19.I have two ________ (票) for the concert. 20.Can you give me some good ________ (建议)? 二、首字母填空 1.I wrote a r________ to his letter last week. 2.The road goes through a narrow l________. 3.This is a new u________ of this machine. 4.We finally came to an a________ on this problem. 5.My r________ will come to visit us this summer. 6.The g________ makes new rules for the city. 7.She wrote a beautiful p________ for her mother. 8.My n________ often helps me carry heavy things. 9.Her kind a________ won everyone’s love. 10.His k________ touched all of us. 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.He ________ (shout) to his friend across the street just now. 2.They ________ (build) many houses in the past two years. 3.Someone ________ (knock) at the door. Go and see. 4.He ________ (return) to his hometown last month. 5.She ________ (offer) to help me with my English every day. 6.We are ________ (plan) a trip to the mountains. 7.The rules don’t ________ (allow) smoking here. 8.We must learn ________ (respect) the old. 9.They ________ (argue) with each other yesterday. 10.The teacher ________ (divide) the class into two groups. 11.He hopes ________ (reach) his goal soon. 12.Two years ________ (pass) since we met. 13.He is ________ (selfish) and never cares about others. 14.I’m ________ (glad) to hear the good news. 15.She is ________ (afraid) of dogs. 16.The price is ________ (double) what it was before. 17.The party is very ________ (lively). 18.This is a ________ (price) treasure. 19.He feels ________ (stress) before exams. 20.It is ________ (true) that he is good at writing. 四．短语填空 A get along with, run away, for a while, at last, knock down, lead to, give away, find out, what if, be busy with, give up, ask for advice 1.Don’t ________ easily when you meet difficulties. 2.I want to ________ why he was late. 3.________ it is too late? We have to hurry. 4.She ________ her old clothes to poor children. 5.Too much stress can ________ health problems. 6.The storm ________ several trees last night. 7.I hope you can ________ your new deskmate. 8.He is ________ his report these days. 9.If you have trouble, you can ________. 10.The little cat saw the dog and ________. 11.We waited and ________ the bus came. 12.Let’s sit and rest ________. B 用短语的正确形式填空 1.They ________ ________ ________ each other well. 2.The thief ________ ________ when he saw the policeman. 3.________ ________, I have kept this habit. 4.After walking, we stopped ________ ________ ________. 5.The firemen ________ ________ the burning building. 6.Too much homework may ________ ________ tiredness. 7.He ________ ________ most of his toys to kids. 8.He ________ ________ a new blog page last week. 9.We must ________ ________ the reason for the accident. 10.You should ________ ________ your study instead of playing. 11.He ________ ________ ________ the plan at last. 12.________ ________ and look at the problem again. 五．完成句子 1.不要朝别人大喊大叫。Don’t ________ ________ others. 2.他们计划建造一座新桥。They ________ ________ ________ a new bridge. 3.请在进入之前敲门。Please ________ ________ the door before coming in. 4.他不允许我们熬夜。He doesn’t ________ us ________ stay up late. 5.我们应该尊重每一个人。We should ________ everyone. 6.他们经常为小事争吵。They often ________ ________ small things. 7.把苹果分成三份。________ the apples ________ three parts. 8.时间流逝得很快。Time ________ quickly. 9.这篇文章的主旨是什么？What is the main ________ of this ________? 10.我收到了他的回复。I got his ________. 11.我为我的错误感到惭愧。I feel ________ of my mistake. 12.最近我经常上网。I often go ________ ________. 13.自从去年以来我就认识他。I have known him ________ last year. 14.每当我遇到困难，他都会帮助我。________ I meet difficulties, he helps me. 15.这不是我的书，是他们的。This isn’t my book. It’s ________. 六．语法训练 A单项选择 1. He ________ the bike for two years. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 2. —________ you ________ to the park last Sunday? —Yes, I did. But I ________ there before. A. Did; go; have never been B. Have; gone; never went C. Did; go; never go 3. The film ________ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. has been on C. began 4. —When ________ you ________ the book? —I ________ it last month. A. have; bought; bought B. did; buy; bought C. did; buy; have bought 5. My grandma ________ for five years. A. has died B. died C. has been dead B.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.I ________ (keep) this novel for three weeks. 2.He ________ (leave) home five years ago. He ________ (be away) from home for five years. 3.The meeting ________ (be over) for an hour. 4.—________ you ________ (see) the movie?—Yes. I ________ (see) it last night. 5.They ________ (join) the club in 2020. They ________ (be in) the club for 6 years. 6.She ________ (buy) a new watch last year. She ________ (have) it for one year. 7.We ________ (not, hear) from him since last term. 8.My father ________ (die) in 2018. He ________ (be dead) for 8 years. 9.—________ he ________ (finish) his homework yet? —No, he ________ (finish) it an hour ago. 10.The old man ________ (be) ill for two months. 七．语法填空 阅读短文内容, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hi, my name is Simon. I live with my family in 1 new neighbourhood. There are lots 2 tall buildings in our community centre. Every day 3 (thousand) of people come and visit it. 4 (we) community centre is like a big family. My family members are social workers. My father is a computer engineer. He often helps others check and fix their computers. My mother is a college teacher. She always 5 (try) to help students with their homework. At weekends, my sister and I often go 6 (see) the old people and do some shopping for them. Our neighbours are all kind and 7 (help). They always say hello to us when they meet us. When our bicycles are 8 (break), they are ready to help us. Love House is our favourite place. We go there when we need help with all 9 (kind) of problems. We love our community centre. We think we’re 10 (luck) to have a community centre like this. 八．选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with   many   accept   relationship   might   play   joke   benefit   serious   other In our lives, communication 1 an important role. It’s not just about expressing ourselves clearly but also about understanding 2 . Paying more attention to the way we talk with others will 3 us a lot. Knowing what not to say often matters 4 than knowing what to say. As you talk with others, you will realize that the wise speak less. Among friends, we can 5 emails with a few writing mistakes. But when you communicate 6 your teachers, you should take it 7 and avoid (避免) these mistakes. Avoid any communication in an emotional state (状态) because you 8 say things you will regret (后悔) later. One improper word at the wrong time or place may end a 9 . At last, being humorous is important. But you should know that not all 10 are funny. Never say anything that could hurt others. 九．写作 在日常生活中,与父母、老师、兄弟姐妹、同学或朋友和谐相处是不可或缺的。假如你是李华,请你以“How to get on well with 　　    ”为题,根据以下内容提示和要求写一篇英语短文。 　　内容提示:1.选择一类人,说明你与之相处的情况;2.具体举例说明;3.你认为如何能够与这类人和谐相处。 　　要求:1.要点完整,语句通顺,可适当发挥;2.词数80左右(短文开头已给出,不计入总词数);3.不得出现真实的姓名、班级和学校名称。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Getting along 基础训练（单词、短语、句子、语法、写作） 一、根据汉语提示写单词 1.Don’t ________ (大声喊叫) in the library. 2.They will ________ (建造) a new park next year. 3.Please ________ (敲门) before you come in. 4.He will ________ (返回) home tomorrow. 5.She ________ (主动提供) me some help yesterday. 6.We ________ (计划) to visit the museum this weekend. 7.My parents don’t ________ (允许) me to go out at night. 8.We should ________ (尊重) our teachers. 9.They often ________ (争吵) about small things. 10.We can ________ (把……分开) the cake into four parts. 11.We hope to ________ (实现) our dreams. 12.Time will ________ (流逝) quickly. 13.Wait for me at the school ________ (大门). 14.There is a small ________ (洞) in the wall. 15.What’s the main ________ (寓意) of this story? 16.We need better ________ (理解) between friends. 17.He is in Grade Seven, and I’m in the same ________ (年级). 18.I read an interesting ________ (文章) in the newspaper. 19.I have two ________ (票) for the concert. 20.Can you give me some good ________ (建议)? 【答案】1.shout 2.build 3.knock 4.return 5.offered 6.plan 7.allow 8.respect 9.argue 10.divide 11.reach 12.pass 13.gate 14.hole 15.message 16.understanding 17.grade 18.article 19.tickets 20.suggestions 二、首字母填空 1.I wrote a r________ to his letter last week. 2.The road goes through a narrow l________. 3.This is a new u________ of this machine. 4.We finally came to an a________ on this problem. 5.My r________ will come to visit us this summer. 6.The g________ makes new rules for the city. 7.She wrote a beautiful p________ for her mother. 8.My n________ often helps me carry heavy things. 9.Her kind a________ won everyone’s love. 10.His k________ touched all of us. 【答案】1.reply 2.lane 3.unit 4.agreement 5.relative 6.government 7.poem 8.neighbour 9.act 10.kindness 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.He ________ (shout) to his friend across the street just now. 2.They ________ (build) many houses in the past two years. 3.Someone ________ (knock) at the door. Go and see. 4.He ________ (return) to his hometown last month. 5.She ________ (offer) to help me with my English every day. 6.We are ________ (plan) a trip to the mountains. 7.The rules don’t ________ (allow) smoking here. 8.We must learn ________ (respect) the old. 9.They ________ (argue) with each other yesterday. 10.The teacher ________ (divide) the class into two groups. 11.He hopes ________ (reach) his goal soon. 12.Two years ________ (pass) since we met. 13.He is ________ (selfish) and never cares about others. 14.I’m ________ (glad) to hear the good news. 15.She is ________ (afraid) of dogs. 16.The price is ________ (double) what it was before. 17.The party is very ________ (lively). 18.This is a ________ (price) treasure. 19.He feels ________ (stress) before exams. 20.It is ________ (true) that he is good at writing. 【答案】1.shouted 2.have built 3.is knocking 4.returned 5.offers 6.planning 7.allow 8.to respect 9.argued 10.divides 11.to reach 12.has passed 13.selfish 14.glad 15.afraid 16.double 17.lively 18.priceless 19.stressed 20.true 四．短语填空 A get along with, run away, for a while, at last, knock down, lead to, give away, find out, what if, be busy with, give up, ask for advice 1.Don’t ________ easily when you meet difficulties. 2.I want to ________ why he was late. 3.________ it is too late? We have to hurry. 4.She ________ her old clothes to poor children. 5.Too much stress can ________ health problems. 6.The storm ________ several trees last night. 7.I hope you can ________ your new deskmate. 8.He is ________ his report these days. 9.If you have trouble, you can ________. 10.The little cat saw the dog and ________. 11.We waited and ________ the bus came. 12.Let’s sit and rest ________. 【答案】1.give up 2.find out 3.What if 4.gave away 5.lead to 6.knocked down 7.get along with 8.busy with 9.ask for advice 10.ran away 11.at last 12.for a while B 用短语的正确形式填空 1.They ________ ________ ________ each other well. 2.The thief ________ ________ when he saw the policeman. 3.________ ________, I have kept this habit. 4.After walking, we stopped ________ ________ ________. 5.The firemen ________ ________ the burning building. 6.Too much homework may ________ ________ tiredness. 7.He ________ ________ most of his toys to kids. 8.He ________ ________ a new blog page last week. 9.We must ________ ________ the reason for the accident. 10.You should ________ ________ your study instead of playing. 11.He ________ ________ ________ the plan at last. 12.________ ________ and look at the problem again. 【答案】1.get along with 2.ran away 3.Since then 4.for a while 5.knocked down 6.lead to 7.gave away 8.set up 9.find out 10.be busy with 11.reached agreement 12.Step back 五．完成句子 1.不要朝别人大喊大叫。Don’t ________ ________ others. 2.他们计划建造一座新桥。They ________ ________ ________ a new bridge. 3.请在进入之前敲门。Please ________ ________ the door before coming in. 4.他不允许我们熬夜。He doesn’t ________ us ________ stay up late. 5.我们应该尊重每一个人。We should ________ everyone. 6.他们经常为小事争吵。They often ________ ________ small things. 7.把苹果分成三份。________ the apples ________ three parts. 8.时间流逝得很快。Time ________ quickly. 9.这篇文章的主旨是什么？What is the main ________ of this ________? 10.我收到了他的回复。I got his ________. 11.我为我的错误感到惭愧。I feel ________ of my mistake. 12.最近我经常上网。I often go ________ ________. 13.自从去年以来我就认识他。I have known him ________ last year. 14.每当我遇到困难，他都会帮助我。________ I meet difficulties, he helps me. 15.这不是我的书，是他们的。This isn’t my book. It’s ________. 【答案】1.shout at 2.plan to build 3.knock at 4.allow; to 5.respect 6.argue about 7.Divide; into 8.passes 9.message; article 10.reply 11.ashamed 12.online recently 13.since 14.Whenever 15.theirs 六．语法训练 A单项选择 1. He ________ the bike for two years. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 【答案】C 【解析】for two years是一段时间，短暂动词buy不能用，要改为延续性have；现在完成时have+过去分词。答案：C 2. —________ you ________ to the park last Sunday? —Yes, I did. But I ________ there before. A. Did; go; have never been B. Have; gone; never went C. Did; go; never go 【答案】A 【解析】last Sunday是明确过去时间，用一般过去时；before表示经历，用现在完成时。 3. The film ________ for ten minutes. A. has begun B. has been on C. began 【答案】B 【解析】for ten minutes一段时间，begin是短暂动词，要换成be on。 4. —When ________ you ________ the book? —I ________ it last month. A. have; bought; bought B. did; buy; bought C. did; buy; have bought 【答案】B 【解析】when提问过去动作，用一般过去时；last month过去时间，用一般过去时。 5. My grandma ________ for five years. A. has died B. died C. has been dead 【答案】C 【解析】for five years一段时间，die短暂动词，转换为be dead。 B.用所给词的适当形式填空 1.I ________ (keep) this novel for three weeks. 2.He ________ (leave) home five years ago. He ________ (be away) from home for five years. 3.The meeting ________ (be over) for an hour. 4.—________ you ________ (see) the movie?—Yes. I ________ (see) it last night. 5.They ________ (join) the club in 2020. They ________ (be in) the club for 6 years. 6.She ________ (buy) a new watch last year. She ________ (have) it for one year. 7.We ________ (not, hear) from him since last term. 8.My father ________ (die) in 2018. He ________ (be dead) for 8 years. 9.—________ he ________ (finish) his homework yet? —No, he ________ (finish) it an hour ago. 10.The old man ________ (be) ill for two months. 【答案】1.have kept 2.left; has been away 3.has been over 4.Have; seen; saw 5.joined; have been in 6.bought; has had 7.haven’t heard 8.died; has been dead 9.Has; finished; finished 10.has been 七．语法填空 阅读短文内容, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Hi, my name is Simon. I live with my family in 1 new neighbourhood. There are lots 2 tall buildings in our community centre. Every day 3 (thousand) of people come and visit it. 4 (we) community centre is like a big family. My family members are social workers. My father is a computer engineer. He often helps others check and fix their computers. My mother is a college teacher. She always 5 (try) to help students with their homework. At weekends, my sister and I often go 6 (see) the old people and do some shopping for them. Our neighbours are all kind and 7 (help). They always say hello to us when they meet us. When our bicycles are 8 (break), they are ready to help us. Love House is our favourite place. We go there when we need help with all 9 (kind) of problems. We love our community centre. We think we’re 10 (luck) to have a community centre like this. 【答案】1．a 2．of 3．thousands 4．Our 5．tries 6．to see 7．helpful 8．broken 9．kinds 10．lucky 【导语】本文以Simon的视角介绍自己所在的新社区，讲述家人和邻居热心互助的日常，表达了对这个友好社区的喜爱。 【详解】1．句意：嗨，我叫西蒙。我和家人住在一个新的小区。neighbourhood是可数名词单数，new以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a表示一个。 2．句意：我们社区中心有许多高楼。固定短语lots of，表示许多，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。 3．句意：每天有成千上万的人前来参观。固定搭配thousands of，表示成千上万的，用来表达模糊数量。 4．句意：我们的社区中心就像一个大家庭。后面接名词community centre，需要用形容词性物主代词Our，修饰名词。 5．句意：她总是尽力帮助学生完成作业。主语she是第三人称单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语动词try要变为tries。 6．句意：周末，我姐姐和我经常去看望老人，为他们购物。固定结构go to do sth，表示去做某事，用不定式to see。 7．句意：我们的邻居都很善良且乐于助人。and连接并列形容词，help要变为形容词helpful，意为“乐于助人的”。 8．句意：当我们的自行车坏了的时候，他们乐意帮忙。break的形容词broken，表示“破损的、坏掉的”，作表语。 9．句意：当我们遇到各种各样的问题需要帮助时，我们就去那里。all kinds of为固定搭配，表示各种各样的，kind使用复数kinds。 10．句意：我们认为拥有这样一个社区中心我们很幸运。be动词后面接形容词作表语，luck的形容词形式lucky，表示“幸运的”。 八．选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 with   many   accept   relationship   might   play   joke   benefit   serious   other In our lives, communication 1 an important role. It’s not just about expressing ourselves clearly but also about understanding 2 . Paying more attention to the way we talk with others will 3 us a lot. Knowing what not to say often matters 4 than knowing what to say. As you talk with others, you will realize that the wise speak less. Among friends, we can 5 emails with a few writing mistakes. But when you communicate 6 your teachers, you should take it 7 and avoid (避免) these mistakes. Avoid any communication in an emotional state (状态) because you 8 say things you will regret (后悔) later. One improper word at the wrong time or place may end a 9 . At last, being humorous is important. But you should know that not all 10 are funny. Never say anything that could hurt others. 【答案】1．plays 2．others 3．benefit 4．more 5．accept 6．with 7．seriously 8．might 9．relationship 10．jokes 【导语】本文讲述沟通在生活中十分重要，介绍了多条沟通技巧：清楚表达、理解他人；区分和朋友、老师交流的不同方式；不要在情绪激动时交谈；幽默要有分寸，不要用言语伤害他人。 【详解】1．句意：在我们的生活中，沟通扮演着重要的角色。 固定搭配play an important role意为“发挥重要作用”，主语communication为单数，全文一般现在时，方框中play需变为plays，符合阐述沟通价值的语境。 2．句意：沟通不仅仅是清晰表达自我，还要理解他人。方框中other变形为others，意为“其他人”，泛指别人，和ourselves形成对应，符合双向沟通的语境。 3．句意：多留意与人交谈的方式，会让我们受益匪浅。will后接动词原形，方框中benefit意为“使受益”，符合掌握沟通方式带来好处的语境。 4．句意：知道什么话不该说，往往比知道该说什么更加重要。 句中有than，要用比较级，方框中many变为比较级more，构成more than，用来对比两件事的重要程度。 5．句意：在朋友之间，我们可以接受带有少量书写错误的邮件。 情态动词can后接动词原形，方框中accept意为“接受”，朋友之间交流标准更宽松，符合语境。 6．句意：但是当你和老师沟通时，你应当认真对待，避免这类错误。 固定搭配communicate with sb.意为“和某人交流”，方框中with无需变形，符合和师长沟通的场景语境。 7．句意：但是当你和老师沟通时，你应当认真对待，避免这类错误。 固定搭配take…seriously意为“认真对待……”，方框中serious变为副词seriously，修饰动词take，符合正式沟通的语境。 8．句意：不要在情绪激动时沟通，因为你可能说出日后会后悔的话。方框中might意为“可能”，情态动词，用来推测冲动之下说话的后果，无需变形。 9．句意：在错误的时间、地点说出一句不当的话，就有可能终结一段关系。不定冠词a后接单数名词，方框中relationship意为“关系”，无需变形。 10．句意：最后，拥有幽默感很重要。但你要明白，并不是所有玩笑都有趣。下文提醒不要言语伤人，谈论开“玩笑”的尺度，all后接可数名词复数，joke的复数为jokes。 九．阅读表达 十．写作 在日常生活中,与父母、老师、兄弟姐妹、同学或朋友和谐相处是不可或缺的。假如你是李华,请你以“How to get on well with 　　    ”为题,根据以下内容提示和要求写一篇英语短文。 　　内容提示:1.选择一类人,说明你与之相处的情况;2.具体举例说明;3.你认为如何能够与这类人和谐相处。 　　要求:1.要点完整,语句通顺,可适当发挥;2.词数80左右(短文开头已给出,不计入总词数);3.不得出现真实的姓名、班级和学校名称。 【答案】 How to get on well with friends I'm Li Hua. I think that it's important to learn how to get on well with friends. I'm good at communicating with others. I have the ability to get on well with all my friends. I have a close friend and his name is Tom. I often spend my free time with him. We have similar hobbies and often do a lot of things together. We always give a hand to each other when we are in trouble. In my opinion, it's not difficult to learn to get along well with friends. The most important thing is that we must be honest. Then you should offer to help them when they are in trouble. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $