专题22 概要写作之实验研究类（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考概要写作之实验研究类核心考点，按命题透视、思维建模、考点精讲、真题溯源的逻辑架构，系统梳理研究主题、核心发现、启示意义等考查要求。通过考点分类（三大考向）、方法指导（四步写作法）、真题训练（典例+模拟题）的教学环节，帮助学生突破复述实验步骤、忽略研究局限等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料创新采用“要素标记-信息筛选-改写重构”三阶训练法，结合高频失分点警示与高分句式模板，培养学生的思维品质（分析概括）和语言能力（客观表达）。如针对新旧研究类文本，指导学生用“旧观点铺垫+新发现重点+逻辑关系”结构，高效提升概要写作精准度。分层考向设计与真题溯源助力教师把控复习节奏，有效提升学生应考能力。

专题22 概要写作之实验研究类 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 概要写作之实验研究类 知识解构 知识点1 题型解读 知识点2 写作技巧 知识点3 写作模板 考向破译 考向 01 对照实验获取核心结论类 考向02 新旧研究修正 / 推翻类 考向03 带有研究局限与附加约束类 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 题型 概要写作 2023上海秋考 说明文。青少年应远离沙发，多听音乐，多参加运动等活动。 2023上海春考 说明文。讲述阅读小说的益处，实验表明它能培养品性及产生共情。 2022上海秋考 说明文。什么是智商？什么是天才？以及智商与天才之间的关系。 2022上海春考 说明文。脑迹印记并不是孤立于大脑的一个区域，科学家们研究了积极记忆和消极记忆之间的存储位置和相互作用。 2021上海秋考 说明文。介绍一名视觉思想家，她的记忆以时间顺序作为特定的图像出现在她的脑海中。 2021上海春考 说明文。Fluido发布了FluidoPlus，一种通过监控MAC来收集客户信息的产品，从而帮助分析他们的行为来促进市场营销。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 思维建模 实验研究报告类写作注意事项 ①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。 ②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。 ③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。 ④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 概要写作之实验研究类 知●识●解●构 知识点1 题型解读 实验研究类说明文属于科普报告型文本，上海模考 C 篇高频。文本结构：提出研究问题 → 介绍实验设计、实验操作 → 获取实验数据 → 得出研究核心结论 → 阐述研究启示、局限或者现实价值。 命题核心：概括研究主题、核心实验发现、研究启示 / 意义；实验对象、操作流程、具体数据一般不作为概要主体内容。 高频失分点： 1. 复述实验步骤、实验过程，占用大量词数，却丢失最重要的研究结论； 2. 摘抄原文实验结论长句，出现照搬原句扣分； 3. 忽略研究的限定条件，无限制放大结论适用范围； 4. 只写研究问题，缺少发现与启示，要点残缺； 5. 用自己课外科学知识补充，脱离文本信息。 关键提醒：实验过程是手段，研究发现、结论才是概要得分核心。 知识点2 写作技巧与步骤 步骤① 阅读标记四大要素 ① Research topic：研究探讨什么问题 ② Key finding：实验得到的核心发现（重中之重） ③ Restriction：研究的限定条件（如有） ④ Implication /significance：研究带来启示、现实意义 标记提示：描写实验怎么做、受试者、仪器、具体数值的内容，标记为次要信息，概要不详细展开。 步骤② 筛选信息 ✅保留：研究主题，核心发现，关键限定条件，研究启示意义。 ❌舍弃：实验操作流程、受试者细节、原始数据、中间对比过程。 步骤③ 改写重构 使用报告类客观表达，区分 “实验做了什么” 和 “实验发现了什么”；多用find, reveal, conclude引出研究结果；同义替换，变换句式，杜绝摘抄原句。 步骤④ 成文校验（5565 词） 自查：研究主题是否清晰？核心发现是否到位？关键限定条件有无遗漏？有没有大段描写实验操作？无主观评价，词数合规。 知识点3 写作模板与高分句式 模板 A study about 【研究主题】 is reported in the passage. Researchers find that 【核心实验发现】, under certain conditions 【关键限定，有则写】. This result indicates that 【研究启示与意义】. 高分句式库 1. 引出研究课题 The passage presents a study which focuses on… A research investigating … is introduced in the text. 2. 转述实验发现 The researchers reveal that… Their study concludes that… The experiment shows evidence that… 3. 带上限定条件 The finding holds true only under specific circumstances. This conclusion is valid when… 4. 表达研究启示意义 This finding sheds new light on… The result contributes to our understanding of… It provides some implications for… 考●向●破●译 考向1 对照实验获取核心结论类 （主流基础考向） 考情深度解析：文本常设置实验组、对照组，通过两组或多组对象的对照，排除干扰变量，最终得到一条或多条核心研究发现。文中会花费大量篇幅描写分组、处理方式、观测过程，属于实验手段，并非研究产出。上海高考、二模阅读科普研究类文本绝大多数属于该类型。 命题陷阱深挖：考生容易陷入细节，花费大量笔墨分别描述实验组、对照组如何操作，把实验手段当成概要主体；词数被实验细节耗尽，来不及写研究发现与启示，造成本末倒置。很多同学会抄写文中的部分实验原始数据，进一步挤压有效要点的空间。 解题完整对策：概要不分别复述各组的操作流程，完全跳过分组处理细节；直接概括对照之后得出的最终核心结论；简要交代研究主题，紧随其后写发现，再补充研究启示；原始数字、百分比等数据一般舍弃。 概要避坑准则：实验 “做了什么” 可以一笔略写，实验 “发现了什么” 才是得分重点。 考向2 新旧研究修正 / 推翻类 （思辨重难点考向） 考情深度解析：文本先回顾过去旧研究得出的观点，再介绍新的实验，新实验结果修正、完善甚至直接推翻旧有结论。文本会简要介绍旧实验的研究方式，再重点铺陈新实验的设计与结果。命题意在考查学生分辨信息主次的能力。 命题陷阱深挖：把旧研究的观点当成文章核心，概要大篇幅复述旧实验内容；或是新旧研究平分笔墨，词数严重超标；部分学生看不出 “修正、推翻” 的逻辑关系，把新旧观点当成并行的两个平等结论。 解题完整对策：旧研究只做极简铺垫，一句话交代过去普遍看法；写作重心全部放在新实验的发现；要体现逻辑关系：新研究修正 /challenge 了过去的观点；不必详细介绍旧实验如何开展；概要结尾落脚新研究带来的启示。 概要避坑准则：旧研究是被参照、被检验的对象，不是文本阐述的主体。 考向3 带有研究局限与附加约束类 （上海二模高频新考向） 考情深度解析：新实验得出结论，但作者明确指出该研究存在客观短板：比如样本有限、适用范围有限、无法彻底证明因果关系，结论仅适用于特定场景。局限部分经常放在文末段落，很容易被学生忽略。命题考查学生完整客观转述科研文本的能力，不能只摘抄积极的研究成果。 命题陷阱深挖：只摘抄积极正面的实验结论，完全忽略文本给出的研究局限，无限度放大结论普适性；部分考生能看到局限，但是分不清 “核心局限” 和细枝末节的不足，把细碎的缺点写入概要，挤占词数。 解题完整对策：读完研究结论之后，务必扫读文末，寻找关于limitation, restricted, cannot prove等评价；只有改变结论成立的核心局限才写入概要，细碎次要短板直接舍弃；改写时用简化短语表达局限，不要照搬长原句；结论 + 关键局限 + 启示合理分配词数，控制总词数在区间之内。 概要避坑准则：忽略研究核心局限会造成概括片面，违背科研文本客观属性，造成概要降档扣分。 底层命题总逻辑：说明类概要，通用说明文考查事理信息筛选；实验研究类考查区分 “实验手段” 和 “实验产出”，两类均严禁带入课外储备知识，所有信息必须来源于阅读原文。 【典例剖析】 【上海市静安区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研（一模）英语试题】 Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题及模拟题 （2022年1月·上海高考真题） Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroseientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable , and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions. Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work , mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work , too. In their current work, Ramirez. and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells , and whether negative memories can be "overwritten by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience , they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams. They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique , University of' Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 Feeling Competent and Purposeful Helps Adolescents A Lot The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’. While life satisfaction roughly equates to how happy a person is, eudaimonia refers to how well that person feels they are functioning. It involves feelings of competence, motivation and self-esteem. The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. Participants completed an established psychological assessment called ‘How I feel about myself and school’, which measures both life satisfaction and eudaimonia. Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. On average, those achieving top Maths grades had eudaimonic wellbeing levels 1.5 times higher than those with the lowest grades. No such link was found between academic performance and life satisfaction. Despite this, child well-being policy in England tends to focus on life satisfaction. The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. The new study appears to strengthen that case by demonstrating a positive link between eudaimonia and academic performance. The study also found that growth mindset did not predict good academic results, although students with high eudaimonic well-being did tend to exhibit such a mindset. Other research has similarly struggled to draw a clear link between growth mindset and academic progress, but does link it more generally to positive mental health. This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 2 【2025届上海市复兴高级中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 3 【来源】上海南洋中学2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级期中英语试卷 Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 4 【来源】上海市青浦区2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷 Forest Loss Is Driving Mosquitoes to Humans Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life, including hundreds of species of birds, fishes, mammals, and other kinds of animals. Human development has reduced the forest to roughly one third of its original size. As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans, according to a study published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. “Our study shows that mosquitoes in the remaining forest areas have a clear preference for humans,” said Dr. Jeronimo Alencar, a biologist. To find out what mosquitoes were feeding on, the research team set traps in two nature reserves in Rio de Janeiro. They collected over 1,700 mosquitoes from 52 different species. Female mosquitoes that had recently fed on blood were studied in the lab. Scientists took out DNA from the blood inside the mosquitoes and read a specific gene that works like a biological barcode. Each animal species has its own version of this genetic marker. By matching the barcodes to reference databases, the team could identify the animals that had been bitten. The results showed that among the 27 identifiable blood meals, 18 came from humans, 6 from birds, and one each from an amphibian (两栖动物), a dog, and a mouse. Scientists believe that as forests disappear, natural hosts become scarce. Mosquitoes are forced to seek new blood sources, and humans become the most convenient choice. In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. “Knowing that mosquitoes in an area have a strong preference for humans serves as an alert for transmission risk,” co-author Machado said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Passage 5 Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题22 概要写作之实验研究类 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 概要写作之实验研究类 知识解构 知识点1 题型解读 知识点2 写作技巧 知识点3 写作模板 考向破译 考向 01 对照实验获取核心结论类 考向02 新旧研究修正 / 推翻类 考向03 带有研究局限与附加约束类 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 题型 概要写作 2023上海秋考 说明文。青少年应远离沙发，多听音乐，多参加运动等活动。 2023上海春考 说明文。讲述阅读小说的益处，实验表明它能培养品性及产生共情。 2022上海秋考 说明文。什么是智商？什么是天才？以及智商与天才之间的关系。 2022上海春考 说明文。脑迹印记并不是孤立于大脑的一个区域，科学家们研究了积极记忆和消极记忆之间的存储位置和相互作用。 2021上海秋考 说明文。介绍一名视觉思想家，她的记忆以时间顺序作为特定的图像出现在她的脑海中。 2021上海春考 说明文。Fluido发布了FluidoPlus，一种通过监控MAC来收集客户信息的产品，从而帮助分析他们的行为来促进市场营销。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 思维建模 实验研究报告类写作注意事项 ①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。 ②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。 ③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。 ④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 概要写作之实验研究类 知●识●解●构 知识点1 题型解读 实验研究类说明文属于科普报告型文本，上海模考 C 篇高频。文本结构：提出研究问题 → 介绍实验设计、实验操作 → 获取实验数据 → 得出研究核心结论 → 阐述研究启示、局限或者现实价值。 命题核心：概括研究主题、核心实验发现、研究启示 / 意义；实验对象、操作流程、具体数据一般不作为概要主体内容。 高频失分点： 1. 复述实验步骤、实验过程，占用大量词数，却丢失最重要的研究结论； 2. 摘抄原文实验结论长句，出现照搬原句扣分； 3. 忽略研究的限定条件，无限制放大结论适用范围； 4. 只写研究问题，缺少发现与启示，要点残缺； 5. 用自己课外科学知识补充，脱离文本信息。 关键提醒：实验过程是手段，研究发现、结论才是概要得分核心。 知识点2 写作技巧与步骤 步骤① 阅读标记四大要素 ① Research topic：研究探讨什么问题 ② Key finding：实验得到的核心发现（重中之重） ③ Restriction：研究的限定条件（如有） ④ Implication /significance：研究带来启示、现实意义 标记提示：描写实验怎么做、受试者、仪器、具体数值的内容，标记为次要信息，概要不详细展开。 步骤② 筛选信息 ✅保留：研究主题，核心发现，关键限定条件，研究启示意义。 ❌舍弃：实验操作流程、受试者细节、原始数据、中间对比过程。 步骤③ 改写重构 使用报告类客观表达，区分 “实验做了什么” 和 “实验发现了什么”；多用find, reveal, conclude引出研究结果；同义替换，变换句式，杜绝摘抄原句。 步骤④ 成文校验（5565 词） 自查：研究主题是否清晰？核心发现是否到位？关键限定条件有无遗漏？有没有大段描写实验操作？无主观评价，词数合规。 知识点3 写作模板与高分句式 模板 A study about 【研究主题】 is reported in the passage. Researchers find that 【核心实验发现】, under certain conditions 【关键限定，有则写】. This result indicates that 【研究启示与意义】. 高分句式库 1. 引出研究课题 The passage presents a study which focuses on… A research investigating … is introduced in the text. 2. 转述实验发现 The researchers reveal that… Their study concludes that… The experiment shows evidence that… 3. 带上限定条件 The finding holds true only under specific circumstances. This conclusion is valid when… 4. 表达研究启示意义 This finding sheds new light on… The result contributes to our understanding of… It provides some implications for… 考●向●破●译 考向1 对照实验获取核心结论类 （主流基础考向） 考情深度解析：文本常设置实验组、对照组，通过两组或多组对象的对照，排除干扰变量，最终得到一条或多条核心研究发现。文中会花费大量篇幅描写分组、处理方式、观测过程，属于实验手段，并非研究产出。上海高考、二模阅读科普研究类文本绝大多数属于该类型。 命题陷阱深挖：考生容易陷入细节，花费大量笔墨分别描述实验组、对照组如何操作，把实验手段当成概要主体；词数被实验细节耗尽，来不及写研究发现与启示，造成本末倒置。很多同学会抄写文中的部分实验原始数据，进一步挤压有效要点的空间。 解题完整对策：概要不分别复述各组的操作流程，完全跳过分组处理细节；直接概括对照之后得出的最终核心结论；简要交代研究主题，紧随其后写发现，再补充研究启示；原始数字、百分比等数据一般舍弃。 概要避坑准则：实验 “做了什么” 可以一笔略写，实验 “发现了什么” 才是得分重点。 考向2 新旧研究修正 / 推翻类 （思辨重难点考向） 考情深度解析：文本先回顾过去旧研究得出的观点，再介绍新的实验，新实验结果修正、完善甚至直接推翻旧有结论。文本会简要介绍旧实验的研究方式，再重点铺陈新实验的设计与结果。命题意在考查学生分辨信息主次的能力。 命题陷阱深挖：把旧研究的观点当成文章核心，概要大篇幅复述旧实验内容；或是新旧研究平分笔墨，词数严重超标；部分学生看不出 “修正、推翻” 的逻辑关系，把新旧观点当成并行的两个平等结论。 解题完整对策：旧研究只做极简铺垫，一句话交代过去普遍看法；写作重心全部放在新实验的发现；要体现逻辑关系：新研究修正 /challenge 了过去的观点；不必详细介绍旧实验如何开展；概要结尾落脚新研究带来的启示。 概要避坑准则：旧研究是被参照、被检验的对象，不是文本阐述的主体。 考向3 带有研究局限与附加约束类 （上海二模高频新考向） 考情深度解析：新实验得出结论，但作者明确指出该研究存在客观短板：比如样本有限、适用范围有限、无法彻底证明因果关系，结论仅适用于特定场景。局限部分经常放在文末段落，很容易被学生忽略。命题考查学生完整客观转述科研文本的能力，不能只摘抄积极的研究成果。 命题陷阱深挖：只摘抄积极正面的实验结论，完全忽略文本给出的研究局限，无限度放大结论普适性；部分考生能看到局限，但是分不清 “核心局限” 和细枝末节的不足，把细碎的缺点写入概要，挤占词数。 解题完整对策：读完研究结论之后，务必扫读文末，寻找关于limitation, restricted, cannot prove等评价；只有改变结论成立的核心局限才写入概要，细碎次要短板直接舍弃；改写时用简化短语表达局限，不要照搬长原句；结论 + 关键局限 + 启示合理分配词数，控制总词数在区间之内。 概要避坑准则：忽略研究核心局限会造成概括片面，违背科研文本客观属性，造成概要降档扣分。 底层命题总逻辑：说明类概要，通用说明文考查事理信息筛选；实验研究类考查区分 “实验手段” 和 “实验产出”，两类均严禁带入课外储备知识，所有信息必须来源于阅读原文。 【典例剖析】 【上海市静安区2024-2025学年高三上学期期末教学质量调研（一模）英语试题】 Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究发现，遭受危机的古代社会很快就能从未来的挫折中恢复过来。这项研究研究了跨越时间和空间的多个地点。采用日期作为数据的方法对收集的样本进行了年龄测定，结果发现，作为主要受害者的农民以某种方式幸存下来，这些经历使他们的后代受益，有助于未来的快速恢复。这项研究的比较方法在今天是有价值的。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. ②Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. ③To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. ④However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks.用现在分词作后置定语对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 [高分句型2] Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第四段进行了概括。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题及模拟题 （2022年1月·上海高考真题） Neuroscientists usually define a singular memory as an engram ( 记忆印记)--a physical change in brain tissue associated with a particular recollection. Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. “A memory looks more like a web in the brain than a single spot,” says neuroseientist and National Geographic Explorer Steve Ramirez of Boston University. That's because when a memory is created, it includes all the visual, auditory, and tactile inputs that make an experience memorable , and brain cells are encoded from all of those regions. Now, scientists are even able to track how memories move across the brain, like detectives finding footprints in the snow. While at MIT in 2013, Ramirez and his research partner Xu Liu had a breakthrough: They were able to target the cells that make up one engram in a mouse's brain and then implant a false memory. In their work , mice reacted in fear to a particular stimulus even when they had not been conditioned in advance. While mouse brains are less advanced than the human equivalent , Ramirez says they can still help neuroscientists understand how our memories work , too. In their current work, Ramirez. and his colleagues are investigating whether positive and negative memories are stored in different groups of brain cells , and whether negative memories can be "overwritten by positive ones. To prep mice for the experiments, the team injects the animals’ brains with a virus that contains fluorescent proteins and surgically implants optic fibers. The mice are then given a diet that prevents the virus from fluorescing until the researchers are ready to tag a positive or negative experience. Positive memories are created by putting male mice in cages with female mice for an hour, and negative memories are created by putting the mice in cages that deliver brief foot shocks. Once the mice have been conditioned to associate certain triggers with each experience , they undergo a short surgical operation so the scientists can stimulate the cells associated with the positive or negative engrams. They are finding that activating positive memories while a mouse is in a cage it associates with fear makes that mouse less fearful. Using a different technique , University of' Toronto neuroscientist Sheena Josselyn was able to completely eliminate fear memories in mice. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 Possible 1: Memory is like a net in the brain. Scientists can even track the movement of the memory in the brain. At present, Sheena Josselyn, a neuroscientist at the university of the Toronto has used mice as experimental objects, using a different technology, which can completely eliminate the fear memory of mice. (49 words Possible 2: Recently, brain scans revealed that an engram isn't isolated to one region of the brain and instead manifests as a colorful splattering across the neural tissue. Scientists not only tracked the movement of memory in the brain, but also studied the storage location and interaction between positive memory and negative memory.(51 words) 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海外国语大学附属外国语学校2025-2026学年高三上学期9月测评英语试题 Feeling Competent and Purposeful Helps Adolescents A Lot The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’. While life satisfaction roughly equates to how happy a person is, eudaimonia refers to how well that person feels they are functioning. It involves feelings of competence, motivation and self-esteem. The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. Participants completed an established psychological assessment called ‘How I feel about myself and school’, which measures both life satisfaction and eudaimonia. Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. On average, those achieving top Maths grades had eudaimonic wellbeing levels 1.5 times higher than those with the lowest grades. No such link was found between academic performance and life satisfaction. Despite this, child well-being policy in England tends to focus on life satisfaction. The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. The new study appears to strengthen that case by demonstrating a positive link between eudaimonia and academic performance. The study also found that growth mindset did not predict good academic results, although students with high eudaimonic well-being did tend to exhibit such a mindset. Other research has similarly struggled to draw a clear link between growth mindset and academic progress, but does link it more generally to positive mental health. This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided; instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. (59 words) 【导语】文章介绍了剑桥大学的一项研究，指出青少年的幸福感应关注‌“eudaimonia”(即胜任感、动机与自我价值感)，因为它与学业成绩尤其是数学成绩密切相关，而单纯的生活满意度则与学业表现无关，建议政策制定者重新审视当前以‌“快乐”为核心的教育导向。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ① The University of Cambridge study, involving over 600 teenagers from seven English schools, examined two separate aspects of their well-being: life satisfaction and ‘eudaimonia’.The study involved 607 adolescents, aged 14-15. ② Researchers found that students with high levels of eudaimonia consistently outperformed their peers in GCSE-level assessments, especially Maths. ③The Government has, for example, recently added ‘happiness’ to national curricula as part of its Relationships, Sex and Health Education (RSHE) guidance, emphasizing teaching adolescents how to feel happy and resilient while managing negative emotions. ④Previous research has pointed to the importance of fostering adolescents’ eudaimonic well-being by nurturing their personal values, goals and sense of self-worth. ⑤ This implies that eudaimonia may also support important aspects of self-belief, leading to broader mental health benefits. 2. 缜密构思 将第①②要点作为研究背景概括；将第③要点整合为研究发现；将第④⑤要点整合为政策启示与建议。 3. 遣词造句 A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided. Instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A Cambridge study of 607 English teenagers found that eudaimonic well-being — feeling competent, motivated and self-worthy — strongly correlates with academic success, particularly in Maths, whereas mere life satisfaction does not. (运用了that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] This suggests that current government policies emphasising happiness may be misguided; instead, nurturing adolescents’ purpose, values and self-belief could better enhance both their academic performance and overall mental health. (运用了that引导的宾语从句和动名词短语作主语) Passage 2 【2025届上海市复兴高级中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 Music is instrumental in learning how to read Learning to play an instrument seems to boost reading skills in young children by enhancing their ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds that make up words. Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. They found that children who were learning an instrument outperformed the others on tests of phonological (语音的) awareness. This is the ability to recognize and use the sounds that comprise words. They also showed better reading skills. In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. “Adults tend to use both sides of their brain to process music and speech, and sometimes they rely more on the right side. The musically trained children seem to have a more adult-like tracking of speech,” says Garcia-de-Soria. “The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. However, music training can also lead to specialization in the right hemisphere of the brain, fostering faster reading, she says. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. A study of 57 children found the instrument learners outperformed non-musical peers in phonological awareness and reading skills. Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. Experts say music training also promotes right brain specialization. 【导语】本文主要讲的是此前音乐训练能提升儿童早期阅读能力的作用机制尚不明确，一项针对57名儿童的研究揭开了背后的原理，证实器乐学习能通过优化大脑语言处理模式，显著强化孩子的语音意识与阅读能力，相关发现也得到了学界专家的佐证支撑。 【详解】1 要点摘录 ①Music training has long been linked to improved early reading abilities, but how it does this wasn’t clear. ②To find out more, Maria Garcia de-Soria and her colleagues studied 57 children, with roughly equal numbers of boys and girls. About half had been learning an instrument for at least a month and were practicing for a minimum of half an hour a week, while the rest did non-musical extracurricular activities. ③In another part of the experiment, the researchers used brain scan to record the children’s brain activity as they listened to a recording of The Gingerbread Man fairy tale. They found that stronger neural activity in language-related centers of the left hemisphere (半球) of the brain was correlated with better reading outcomes for all the children. However, the musical group showed higher reading scores even with lower levels of this activity, which may mean they have more adult-like processing of language. ④“The finding that musical training improves the left hemisphere phonological encoding processes of language is consistent with the broader literature,” says Alice Mado Proverbio. 2.缜密构思 将第1、4两个背景与结论类要点进行整合，将第2、3两个核心实验发现要点进行重组。 3.遣词造句 The long-unclear mechanism of how music training improves early reading has been uncovered by a new study. Instrument-learning children show better phonological awareness and reading skills with more adult-like language processing in the brain. Music training also promotes right-hemisphere specialization which can further speed up reading. 【点睛】[高分句型1] It was unclear how musical training improves early reading. (运用了it作形式主语、how引导的主语从句) [高分句型2] Brain scans showed lower left-brain language-center activity in instrument learners who still scored higher in reading, suggesting adult-like language processing. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句以及现在分词suggesting作状语) Passage 3 【来源】上海南洋中学2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级期中英语试卷 Yoga, meditation may help reduce childhood anxiety Anxiety disorders affect more than one in four adolescents from the ages of 13 to 18, and many of them are treated with medications to try and help them live a relatively healthy childhood. But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical(药物的) solutions. Their study, published in the Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology, recruited nine participants who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders between 9 and 16 years of age. These conditions included generalized, social and separation anxiety disorder as well as having a parent with anxiety disorder. Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. “These integrative approaches expand traditional treatments and offer new strategies for coping with psychological distress,”said the study’s co-author Sian Cotton, director of the UC’s Center for Integrative Health and Wellness, in a statement. Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt. Both findings reaffirm the potential that mindfulness therapy could bring to the table. If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from. “Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. Mindfulness-based therapies for mood disorders is one such example with promising evidence,”said Cotton, adding the university is both studying and implementing these therapies. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. Mindfulness therapy allows patients more treatment options. With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (55 words) 【导语】本文主要介绍了辛辛那提大学研究团队发现正念疗法能显著减轻儿童焦虑，并为患者提供更多治疗选择。 【详解】1.要点摘录   ①But a team of researchers from the University of Cincinnati set out to explore other treatment options that focus more on the mind and less on pharmaceutical (药物的) solutions. ②Over the course of 12 weeks, each participant underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans while they practiced mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, a wide range of therapeutic techniques that include meditation, yoga, and learning how to pay nonjudgmental attention to one’s life. ③Mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions promote the use of meditative practices to increase present-moment awareness of conscious thoughts, feelings, and body sensations in an effort to manage negative experiences more effectively. ④Cotton noted the anxiety of their patients was significantly reduced following treatment, and the more mindfulness they practiced, the less anxious they felt.   ⑤If nothing else, it might allow people who would be reluctant to take medication more treatments to choose from.   ⑥Increasingly, patients and families are asking for additional therapeutic options, in addition to traditional medication-based treatments, that have proven effectiveness for improved symptom reduction. 2.缜密构思   第①②③三个要点进行重组为“研究目的+方法+机制”，将第⑤⑥要点进行整合为“需求驱动+提供更多选择”的因果关系，④句作为独立要点，说明研究结果——焦虑显著减轻。 3.遣词造句   A university team explored non-drug treatments for childhood anxiety through mindfulness therapy including meditation and yoga, which increases awareness of present feelings and body sensations. The therapy significantly reduced patients’ anxiety.   With growing demand for extra options, it offers more choices and the university is developing it further. 【点睛】【高分句型1】To explore cognitive therapies other than pharmaceutical treatment for anxiety disorders, a university research team found mindfulness therapy helps reduce childhood anxiety significantly through increased consciousness of present feelings and body sensations. (运用了不定式作目的状语，以及省略了that引导的宾语从句)   【高分句型2】With patients’ increasing demand for additional therapeutic options, the university is now working on these therapies. (运用了with构成的介词短语作状语。) Passage 4 【来源】上海市青浦区2025-2026学年第二学期高三年级学业质量调研英语试卷 Forest Loss Is Driving Mosquitoes to Humans Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life, including hundreds of species of birds, fishes, mammals, and other kinds of animals. Human development has reduced the forest to roughly one third of its original size. As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans, according to a study published in Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. “Our study shows that mosquitoes in the remaining forest areas have a clear preference for humans,” said Dr. Jeronimo Alencar, a biologist. To find out what mosquitoes were feeding on, the research team set traps in two nature reserves in Rio de Janeiro. They collected over 1,700 mosquitoes from 52 different species. Female mosquitoes that had recently fed on blood were studied in the lab. Scientists took out DNA from the blood inside the mosquitoes and read a specific gene that works like a biological barcode. Each animal species has its own version of this genetic marker. By matching the barcodes to reference databases, the team could identify the animals that had been bitten. The results showed that among the 27 identifiable blood meals, 18 came from humans, 6 from birds, and one each from an amphibian (两栖动物), a dog, and a mouse. Scientists believe that as forests disappear, natural hosts become scarce. Mosquitoes are forced to seek new blood sources, and humans become the most convenient choice. In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. “Knowing that mosquitoes in an area have a strong preference for humans serves as an alert for transmission risk,” co-author Machado said. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. (57 words) 【导语】文章主要介绍了人类活动使巴西大西洋森林面积缩减，野生动物栖息地被侵占，森林中蚊子因自然宿主减少而转而吸食人血。研究通过分析蚊子血样确定了其吸血对象，发现人类成为蚊子主要吸血对象，而蚊子会传播多种病毒，该研究虽存在局限，但有助于指导防蚊工作和完善疾病预警系统。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①Running along Brazil’s coastline, the Atlantic Forest supports an extraordinary range of life. ②As people move deeper into once untouched habitats, wildlife is pushed out, and mosquitoes that once fed on many different animals appear to be shifting their attention toward humans. ③In the regions studied, mosquitoes spread viruses such as Yellow Fever, dengue, Zika, Mayaro, Sabiá, and Chikungunya. ④These infections can pose serious health risks and may lead to long-term diseases. ⑤Although the study has some limitations, such as the small number of detectable samples, its findings are valuable. ⑥They can help guide mosquito control efforts and improve early warning systems for disease outbreaks. 2.缜密构思 将1、2点整合为原因，将3、4点整合为蚊子叮咬人类造成的后果，将5、6点整合为对研究的评价。 3.遣词造句 The study suggests that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans. By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans. This greatly increases the risk of viral disease transmission. The findings provide key insights to guide mosquito control and early warning systems. 【点睛】[高分句型1]The study shows that forest loss in Brazil’s Atlantic Forest has forced mosquitoes to shift their feeding preference to humans.（运用了that引导宾语从句） [高分句型2]By analyzing DNA from mosquito blood meals, researchers found most came from humans.（运用了动名词短语作宾语） Passage 5 【来源】专题08 概要写作（上海专用）2026年高考英语二模分类汇编 Helping Helps Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. The findings are based on telephone survey data from 31,303 people over 50. Scores on brain tests were mapped against helping behavior, whether structured volunteering with an organization or simply giving friends, relatives and neighbors a hand as needed. The benefits were evident for both. Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. When we offer support, our brains are actively engaged in exercises that strengthen neural (神经的) connections. Much like a muscle, the brain strengthens with frequent use. Dealing with other people’s challenges and understanding their perspectives create new neural pathways. Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. Far from being just a feeling, loneliness acts as a biological cause of stress that can fundamentally alter the brain’s structure and chemistry. Reducing loneliness protects the brain, ultimately leading to longer-term brain function, for example, extending good logical reasoning into older age. Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. It’s possible that beyond that point, the mental and physical efforts of being a helper start to have a negative impact. They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation that strengthens different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers recommend suitable amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明经常帮助他人可延缓大脑衰老，分析了其原理并给出合理建议。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①Our bodies age at different rates, but offering regular help can reduce the rate of brain aging by around 15 to 20 percent, according to a research team from the University of Texas and the University of Massachusetts. ②Researchers have tried to dig out the mechanism behind and one of their findings is that helping others regularly provides much mental stimulation. ③Over time, such stimulation helps maintain sharp memory and various other mental functions. ④Moreover, it has been found that helping reduces loneliness through shifting the helpers’ focus outward and making their connection with other people. ⑤Accordingly, researchers suggest that people spend around two to four hours per week helping others since it is the sweet spot for benefit. ⑥They also support the argument for ensuring senior adults opportunities to give back to others or their community, because it is shown that seniors’ constant helping is associated with more effective brain power. 2. 缜密构思 精简要点①和④，整合要点②③，⑤⑥ 3.遣词造句 Research implies volunteering to help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process. First, helping others creates mental stimulation strengthening different functions of the brain including memory. Besides, helpers’ isolation is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length. Thus, researchers advise moderate amount of helping hours and enduring volunteering into old age. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Research shows offering help, either formal or informal, slows brain’s aging process.（用一个宾语从句对第一段内容进行总结，表达高级） 【高分句型2】 Besides, helpers’ loneliness is lessened through connecting with others, which extends brain’s working length.（用一个定语从句对第二段后半部分进行总结，表达高级） 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $