专题17 阅读理解议论文类（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦阅读理解议论文类核心考点，涵盖细节理解、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意四大题型，按“现象引入-观点辩驳-作者立场”的语篇逻辑构建知识框架，通过命题透视、考点精讲、真题溯源等环节，帮助学生系统掌握区分多方观点、依托逻辑词定位信息等解题策略。 资料以培养思维品质和语言能力为核心，创新设计“立场对比训练”，如引导学生通过转折词区分作者与反方观点，在推理题中运用“文本证据排除法”避免主观臆断。设置分层真题演练，配合错误类型分析，确保学生高效突破张冠李戴、过度引申等失分点，为教师把控复习节奏提供精准教学支持。

专题17 阅读理解议论文类 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解议论文类 知识解构 知识点1 细节理解题 知识点2 推理判断题 知识点3 词义推断题 知识点2 主旨大意题 考向破译 考向 01 考查细节理解题 考向02 考查推理判断题 考向 03 考查词义推断题 考向04 考查主旨大意题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 维度 命题考情解析 体裁界定 议论文包含社会时评、思想思辨、书评、观点辩驳、社科评论等；上海高考、模考常设置为阅读 C 篇。文本会呈现多方立场：现象引入、反方观点、驳论、作者本人的核心主张，部分文本夹杂事例、引用、实验作为论据。 文本选材特征 1. 选材多取自外刊评论板块，主题覆盖社会热点、教育思辨、科技伦理、文化现象、心理认知、公共议题；2. 语篇结构：常见模式为 “摆出现象 / 对立观点→多方辩驳→亮出作者立场→举例 / 引用论据→升华总结”；3. 句式特点：大量使用转折、让步、对比逻辑词；包含人物引语、长难观点句；事例、数据只作为支撑论点的论据，并非叙事主线；4. 价值观导向：考查批判性思辨能力，引导学生辩证看待社会议题，区分不同主体的观点立场。 高频考点分布 1. 细节理解题：考查论据、他人引述、对立派看法；重点区分他人观点与作者本人观点；容易出现张冠李戴；2. 词义猜测题：考查承载褒贬态度的抽象名词、喻义短语、代词指代；依托转折、让步、对比逻辑；拒绝单词字面本义陷阱；3. 推理判断题：中档难题，推断作者隐含态度、写作目的、不同人物立场；原文直白陈述的事实不能作为推断答案；要排除无中生有、绝对化表述，分清被批判的靶子观点和作者真正主张；4. 主旨大意题：抓取作者核心论点；标题题兼顾 “议论对象 + 作者立场”；区分引子、反方观点、论据与全文主旨。 命题干扰项套路 1. 细节理解题：张冠李戴，把反对派观点安给作者；混淆论据与论点；偷换因果；截取局部片段断章取义；2. 词义猜测题：直接给出单词常用字面含义；代词指代错位；脱离文本争辩逻辑单纯靠词汇量解题；3. 推理判断题：将文中明确陈述内容当作推断结果；过度引申拔高；用考生自身三观、生活常识代替文本证据；混淆正方、反方立场；4. 主旨大意题：把开篇现象引子、反方被批判的观点、局部分论点当成全文主旨；标题范围过大 / 过窄，只概括现象缺失作者态度立场。 命题素养导向 1. 语言能力：识别转折、让步等逻辑信号；读懂引语、长观点句；辨析同义转述；2. 思维品质：辩证思辨；能够拆分多方立场；分清 “现象论据反方作者论点”；坚持 “答案源于文本”；3. 文化意识：理解海外社会评论的多元视角，理性看待不同价值观念；4. 学习能力：不把个人主观好恶带入文本；训练定位、甄别不同主体观点的信息处理能力。 上海模考 & 高考命题新趋势 1. 文本思辨性增强，大量出现折中辩证立场，作者并非全盘肯定或全盘否定某一事物；2. 多方观点交织，不再只有简单正反两方，设问侧重区分 “书中人物 / 受访者 / 批评者 / 本文作者” 的不同看法；3. 词义猜测偏向比喻性表达、抽象社科概念，不是简单生词；4. 推理判断题高频考查举例的写作目的，要识别事例服务于哪一方论点；5. 主旨题干扰项大量使用 “反方观点” 作为迷惑选项，检验学生是否能识别作者真正立场。 学生典型失分点 1. 细节题：张冠李戴，把别人的观点当成作者观点，不会区分论据和论点；2. 词义猜测：只翻译字面意思，忽略语境下的喻义和褒贬色彩；3. 推断题：选原文直接写明的句子做推断答案，代入自己的主观想法进行脑补；4. 主旨题：误把开篇现象、被驳斥的反方观点当作全文主旨，标题只概括话题，缺失作者态度。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 思维建模 把握文章结构；理解语篇模式 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体信息的理解，如时间、地点、事件等。 · 推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力，包括推测隐含意思、文章出处、作者态度等。 · 主旨大意题：考查学生对文章主题或中心意思的概括和归纳能力，包括段落大意、文章大意和标题概括。 · 词义猜测题：考查学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义，包括代词指代、生僻词以及短语短句的含义。 · 解题思路 · 快速把握文章结构：说明文通常开门见山，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或表达的观点直接陈述出来。因此，通过文章第一段可以迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。 · 关注段落首尾句：说明文的每个段落通常有主旨句、支撑细节和总结句。关注每一段的段首句和段尾句，可以帮助考生在有限的时间内把握段落的主旨大意。 · 理解语篇模式：了解说明文的常见语篇模式，有助于考生从宏观层面理解语篇的框架和脉络，通过“寻读”迅速定位问题所在位置，提高阅读理解的速度。 · 同义转换能力：近几年高考对细节理解题的考查难度有所增加，除了考查原文中直接出现的信息外，还考查学生对原文信息进行同义转换的能力。 · 推理和判断：在解答推理判断题时，考生需要根据文章内容推测隐含意思，推断作者的态度和意图，以及对文章后续内容进行预测。 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解议论文类 知●识●解●构 知识点1 细节理解 议论文中的细节理解题，并非简单事实复述，多以论据、事例、引用观点为考查载体。文本中事例、数据、他人言论常作为支撑作者论点的材料，命题常针对论据目的、他人的立场、实验细节设置选项。解题不能把事例本身当作作者观点，要分清：哪些是他人看法，哪些是作者本人的主张。议论文细节题的高频陷阱，就是 “张冠李戴”，把反对派的观点安到作者身上，或是把论据等同于中心论点。回文定位后，要锚定观点归属，辨析题干问的是谁的看法。切忌凭主观价值判断做题，所有选项的正误，都必须回到文本的引号、转折、举例标记处寻找确凿依据。 考点能力：议论文细节题多考查论据、他人观点、文本明确给出的主张；要分清：他人看法 VS 作者本人观点；陷阱常张冠李戴，把反对派观点安到作者身上；答案必须在原文找到直接依据，不可主观脑补。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. 【示例2】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） These scenes are the gold standard of play-based learning. I’m sure there are many preschool educators who would have felt forced, in the name of learning, to step in with corrections and clarifications, or worse. In a moment, we see the children turn away from one another, away from their own questions, explorations, assumptions, and conclusions based on dialogue and agreement. They are now relying on the adult for questions and answers, rather than continuing to engage in the highest pursuit of human intellectual effort. 44. According to the passage, what is a possible result of the stepping in of the preschool teachers? A. A deeper understanding of facts and a more efficient learning process. B. The successful integration of imagination-based games into formal curricula. C. A shift from self-directed exploration to adult-dependent knowledge acquisition D. The immediate correction of false concepts and elimination of misunderstandings. 知识点2 词义猜测 议论文词义猜测题，多考查体现作者态度的形容词、抽象议论名词、具有逻辑功能的短语。和科普说明文不同，这里的词汇往往承载褒贬、批判、赞同的情感色彩，服务于篇章的逻辑辩驳。解题要依托段落的转折、让步、因果、对比逻辑，借助前后作者的褒贬倾向推断含义。命题人惯用的陷阱是单词的字面本义，忽略文本的立场语境。尤其要关注代词、指代性名词，它们常常回指上文某一社会现象或某一方的主张。做词义猜测，不能孤立看待单词，要置身争辩的语境，理清对立双方的立场，透过语言表层读懂背后的观点交锋。 考点能力：议论文多考查承载褒贬态度的抽象名词、逻辑短语、喻义表达；依托转折、让步、例证逻辑；警惕单词字面本义陷阱；要分清辩论双方立场再判断词义感情色彩。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Today the reproachful frowns are aimed at “buy now, pay later” (BNPL). This practice, which lets people pay for things they buy online in instalments, is booming: over $300bn in payments were financed in such a manner last year. Borrowers tend to be younger and less credit-worthy than average, which is causing concern. Many critics worry that the industry takes advantage of the young, while analysts worry that the hidden debt makes it hard to monitor credit risks. Yet BNPL could be a valuable innovation. 43. What is “the reproachful frowns” in paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A. New forms of credit. B. Disapproving reactions. C. Signs of moral decline. D. Surprised expressions. 【示例2】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Another way to think of 21st-century Western culture is as a history of relative comfort. Chaos in the today’s world has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthroughs of the early 20th century. In extreme conditions, could today’s creators match the past genius? Let’s hope we will never find out. 45. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply? A. The author thinks social chaos is necessary. B. The author hopes extreme crises won’t happen. C. The author believes modern artists are superior. D. The author thinks cultural decline will continue. 知识点3 判断推理 议论文推理判断题，重在推断作者隐含态度、写作目的、局部言外之意、文中不同立场人物的潜在看法。议论文文本会出现多方观点碰撞：正方、反方、折中观点，考生必须厘清各方立场，不可混为一谈。解题优先使用选项排除法：直接排除与原文明确矛盾的选项；排除原文已经直白陈述，不需要 “推断” 的事实选项；高度警惕过度拔高、绝对化表述的臆断选项。议论文的推理讲究 “有据而不过界”，答案一定能在原文找到支撑，不能把自己的三观代入文本当作作者态度。很多干扰项看似符合现实常理，但属于文本之外的主观延伸，应当果断舍弃。 考点能力：议论文推理重在推断不同人物立场、作者隐含态度、写作目的；三不选：原文直白陈述事实不选、与原文矛盾不选、生活常识但文本无支撑不选；警惕绝对化表述；区分 “被批判的观点” 和 “作者支持的观点”。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. 45. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 【示例2】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Some providers say they do not trust credit bureaus — agencies that collect, organize, and provide information about individuals’ credit histories — to understand this new form of finance; others may see the secrecy it offers as an advantage, because it attracts borrowers who wish to keep their debts hidden. Despite such concerns, providers should be required to report their data, as Affirm, one of America’s largest BNPL lenders, has recently begun to do. Many providers wish to reach further into mainstream finance, and to achieve those dreams, they must open up. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards BNPL? A. It may harm the young, so regulators should ban it. B. It is growing, and it is making online shopping easier. C. It may be useful, but providers need to fully report data. D. It is unfair, as it excludes less credit-worthy borrowers. 知识点4 主旨大意 议论文主旨大意题，核心任务是拨开纷繁的事例、他人引述、反方辩驳，抓取作者真正的中心论点。开篇常常先介绍社会现象、对立的流行看法作为引子，很多考生误把引子或者反方观点当成全文主旨。标题类题目需要同时满足：点明议论对象、体现作者立场，做到范围大小恰到好处。高频干扰项有三类：局部分论点、对立一方的观点、仅概括现象却缺失态度立场的选项。阅读时要学会识别：事例是用来证明观点的，反方观点是被拿来批判的，转折之后往往才是作者的真实立场。概括主旨，不是简单复述文章讲了什么现象，而是提炼作者对此现象持何种主张。 考点能力：议论文要剥离事例、反方观点、引子，抓取作者本人的核心论点；高频陷阱：①把反方批判的观点当主旨；②把局部分论点当全文主旨；③只概括现象，缺失作者立场。标题题兼顾 “对象 + 作者态度”。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年静安区二模） The social media landscape is now undergoing a quiet but profound transformation. The question arises: are platforms becoming less social just as they become more popular? The traditional magic of online social networks was their ability to combine personal interactions with mass communication. Friends shared updates; networks spread them widely. Now this fusion is splitting apart. Status updates from people you know are being replaced by algorithm-selected videos from strangers — content that resembles television more than conversation. Meanwhile, public posting is moving to private messaging groups where conversations happen behind digital walls. Some argue these defects can be fixed through better governance or coding. But the problems suggest something deeper: social media’s flaws may also result from trade-offs built into human communication itself. When platforms move toward private groups, monitoring decreases. When people escape closed circles, they may face more extreme content. As social networks evolve, we must deal with these new challenges rather than fighting old battles. 46. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. The Rise of Private Messaging B. From Public Square to Private Chat C. Why Algorithms Are Ruining Social Media D. The Future of Online Communities 【示例2】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） The birth of the universe and the nature of space and time are every bit as much mysteries to physicists as treasure maps and pirates are to these preschoolers. What drives scientists is the same thing that drives playing children: they are motivated by the mystery, by their own questions, and by the freedom to seek answers. Too often, educators, in our commitment to facts, truth and teaching, take over the learning by providing shortcuts to answers, eliminating the mystery that has driven humans since the beginning of time. We forget that getting it wrong is every bit as important to this process as being right. The job in life is not to know stuff, but rather to figure stuff out so that we will then know. And we get there through play. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. How to Draw a Perfect Treasure Map B. Play: The Highest Pursuit of Learning C. Why Facts Matter Most in Preschools D. Insight: The Myth of Games in Education 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查细节理解题题 【考向破译】 ◆ 抓论点、寻论据：阅读议论文时，要抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。这些论点和论据是理解文章细节的关键，能够帮助考生快速定位到相关信息。 ◆ 注重文章结构，理清文章脉络：把握文章的论证结构，如“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”或“论点—论据—结论”，这样可以更好地理解作者的论证过程和细节信息。 ◆ 利用寻读法：对于直接信息题，可以快速浏览文章，寻找与题目相关的关键词或信息点。对于间接信息题，则需要对原文信息进行同义转换或归纳概括。 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 Sarcasm (讽刺) and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all. What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying—and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly. 17．Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common? A．Both are recognized when heard. B．Both have exactly the same tone. C．Both mean the opposite of what they appear to. D．Both have hidden in them an evident irritation. 18．What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically? A．They feel their dignity greatly heightened. B．They feel increasingly insecure and hostile. C．They endure hostility under the disguise of humor. D．They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions. 【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题】 In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes to they can get into the college of our first choice. I’ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we’ve come up with various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn’t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. 5．Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars? A．They have the final say in which university their children are to attend. B．They know best which universities are most suitable for their children. C．They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves. D．They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application. 考向2 考查词义猜测题 【考向破译】 ◆ 利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。上下文提供的语境线索是推断词义的关键。 ◆ 注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义。同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯，如固定搭配、习惯用法等。 ◆ 借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义。如，通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断词义。 【来源】上海市建平中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月练习英语试卷 Surgical students are less capable than their ancestors because they spend too much time with screens and not enough with physical materials. These claims from Roger Kneebone, professor of surgical education at Imperial College London, were widely reported last week. According to Kneebone, today’s students lack the dexterity that is important for sewing, cutting and stitching. He argues that this is because, instead of taking part in creative subjects that involve manual work during their school education, “a lot of things are reduced to swiping on a two-dimensional flat screen”. 13．What does the underlined word dexterity mean? A．Power of concentration. B．Experience of performing surgery. C．Capacity to use words or mind. D．Skills related to hand work. ……… All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer. It’s faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that’s why computers are being used more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock of computers increasingly, problems appear. ……… 22．What does the underlined expression “taking stock of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Getting bored with. B．Thinking carefully about. C．Getting curious about. D．Becoming crazy about. 考向3 考查判断推理题 【考向破译】 · 以事实为依据，进行逻辑推理：推理判断题要求考生根据文章中的事实信息，通过逻辑推理得出结论。要注意区分事实与观点，确保推理过程符合文章的逻辑关系。 · 体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度：理解作者的观点和态度是进行推理判断的基础。有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确表达出来的，需要考生认真体察和分析。 · 关注文章中的隐含信息：推理判断题往往考查文章中隐含或深层的含义。考生需要关注文章中的修辞、语气、隐含意思等，挖掘出文章的深层含义。 【上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷】 JULY 19TH was a day for help- desk heroes. A routine software update by CrowdStrike, a cyber-security company, caused computer breakdown in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked miserably at their screens and realised just how useless they are if they cannot log in. People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and stranded passengers. Their work that day was full of stress — but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work properly? This is not a meaningless question. Technologies tend to spread in less dramatic ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. It is still too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work. Some will surely enjoy using a bot to brainstorm ideas and take care of boring tasks, while others may not. The thing for managers to remember is that machines can make employees feel differently about their work. So it matters whether new technologies are introduced in collaboration with employees or imposed from above, and whether they enhance or weaken their sense of competence. 15．We can infer from Barrett’s research that ______. A．the introduction of robots leads to a decrease in job quality for all hospital staff B．when robots are introduced, staff tend to feel more satisfied regardless of their roles C．in the same department, workers in different positions can feel differently to automation D．in some occupational areas, automation does constantly reduce the perceived meaningfulness 16．Which of the following studies will others in the last paragraph cite as their evidence? A．A paper from Boris Nikolaev illustrates that many employees put a higher premium on non-monetary than monetary rewards. B．Research by Pok Man Tang of the University of Georgia suggests that workers who interact more with AI assistants feel lonelier and long for more social contact. C．A recent Federal Reserve discussion paper surveyed American workers who had switched jobs; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. D．An experiment conducted by Eugina Leung states that a technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that threatens your sense of identity is not. 【来源】上海市南汇中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月阶段练习英语试题 Well-meaning people might say you need closure, a way to tell a coherent (有条理的) story. Closure is great if you can get it, but I’m not convinced it’s essential. What concerns me is that trying to find narratively pleasing ways to transform painful memories ultimately makes our capacity to move on depend on whether we can make sense of those events. Coherence may be genuinely beyond our reach. Bad luck doesn’t make sense. People don’t always have a “why”. I think it’s less “I have to get closure” and more “I have to see this as past, over”. As you try to figure out what is captivating about these memories, it might help to try seeing them in past tense. Not solved, just over — not a source of new pain, not part of a pattern; an echo of hurts gone by. 19．Which of the following best summarizes the author’s advice? A．Painful memories must be carefully analyzed to gain wisdom. B．Forgetting the past is the only way to achieve peace eternally. C．Painful memories should be seen as finished events, not threats. D．One could resolve painful memories by rewriting his own past. 考向4 考查主旨大意题 【考向破译】 ◆ 关注文章的首尾段落：议论文的主旨通常出现在文章的开头或结尾。首段往往提出论点或问题，尾段则总结观点或得出结论。 ◆ 抓住主题句和关键词：主题句是概括文章主旨的关键。在阅读过程中，要注意段落中的主题句以及文章中反复出现的关键词。 ◆ 综合各段大意，归纳总结：如果文章没有明确的主题句，可以先概括每一段的大意，然后综合各段内容，归纳出文章的中心思想。 【来源】上海市控江中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月阶段练习英语试题 As computers become more and more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly depending on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes (笔画) of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more. …….. Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, “Chinese characters enjoy both practical value and artistic beauty. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer’s emotion. Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know one’s thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.” To encourage students to hand-write more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory (必修的) and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand. 24．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A．To Type or to Hand-write. B．How to Improve Handwriting. C．Practical Value and Artistic Beauty of Chinese Characters. D．Writing by Computer Will Replace Writing by Hand. 【来源】上海市大同中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月阶段练习英语试题 “Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 7．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．Different means used in human and AI art creation. D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text. 8．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题 （2025年·上海高考真题） The pet food industry has received unkind remarks as to the true origin of its ingredients (原料) for decades. Now the industry faces another source of criticism as a new book starts a debate about the environmental impact of owning a well-fed pet. The New Scientist magazine, in a recent editorial, largely agreed with the book’s findings that some pets, due to the food they eat, have a surprisingly high “ecological footprint”, which is a way of quantifying human demand on the planet’s ecosystems using a measure called “global hectares”. According to the authors of the book, “A shocking comparison is that in 2004, the average citizen of some poor countries had an eco-footprint of 0.76 hectares. The eco-footprint of a cat is about 0.15 hectares, almost the same as what is needed to run a small car. In a world where resources are already limited, can people really justify keeping pets that require more than some people?” The authors of the book say that they were “genuinely surprised” when calculating the environmental impact of pets. And some of the ideas they put forward to attenuate this are likely to shock some pet owners. For example, the book suggests catching pests such as field mice and processing them into a “natural” cat food, or raising pets like chickens that provide both company and fresh eggs. When feeding a pet, however, the advice is to favour pet foods made from chicken meat, which is less damaging to the environment than red meat and fish. As you might expect, the Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA) puts up a spirited defence, arguing that the vast majority of meat and fish used in pet foods is of sufficient quality for human consumption but more than humans need. “If we didn’t recycle animal by-products to sell, they might instead be abandoned and buried under the earth, which is not very green,” says the director. In addition, he points out that pets should not be viewed just on their carbon footprint. “Our environment is greatly enriched by the part they play in our lives. Pets in the home inspire responsibility, encourage social awareness and have positive health benefits.” 20．What is suggested in the book to make pet food production greener? A．Making processed pet foods out of pests B．Feeding pets primarily with fish and meat. C．Increasing the use of red meat in pet foods. D．Avoiding using animal by-products in pet foods. 21．The word “attenuate” (para 4) is closest in meaning to “_______”. A．assess B．blame C．drive D．reduce 22．Which argument does PFMA make to defend the industry? A．The use of meat and fish in pet foods can prevent waste. B．Pet food production is both sustainable and cost-efficient. C．Pet food ingredients are as nutritious as those for humans. D．The eco-footprints of humans far outnumber those of pets. 23．What is the main focus of the passage? A．The origin of pet food ingredients. B．Calculation of pet carbon footprint. C．Environmental impact of pet foods. D．A spirited debate over pet ownership. （2022年7月·上海高考真题） Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation , whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea.existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach-or, better still, exceed -strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention ts an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way.or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference,consider this: The telephone is an invention,but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that lends to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or. similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, hits both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative tide that the bushiness innovation process can be a costly undertaking than does not always produce a rectum on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 63. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean? A. Persuasibility B. Scarcity C. Generality D. Practicability 64. What is the purpose of business innovation? A. Create value benefits for the enterprise. B. Reform the management structure of enterprises. C.Encourage staff to make more inventions. D. Upgrade the product performance. 65 Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A. They are essentially the same concept. B. They can replace each other in the context. C.They can bring huge commercial benefits. D.They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 66. What is the main content of this passage? A. The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B. The considerations for business innovation. C. The difference between innovation and invention. D. The revolutionary change in business innovation. 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 There are constantly mixed voices from different media as to whether to stop the Olympics. http://camilla.com.au/ The Olympic charter’s call for a “peaceful society” and “preservation of human dignity” is a very noble one, but its means are rather odd. Through fierce athletic competition between nations, the Olympic rivalries between athletes probably play very little role in their society anyway. The Olympics is an arena for individual achievement; however, if someone is to win a race, others must lose. Emphasis is not placed on athletes improving their personal best but on who wins. Having many nations come together shows worldwide solidarity (团结), nations united by their athletes in Lycra and branded shoes. The cultures of nations are shown by little more than flag waving and the appearance of their mascots (吉祥物). The Guardian The original spirit of the Olympics was supposedly that of sporting competition between amateurs, who competed for the honor of doing so, and to test themselves against the best sportspeople worldwide. However, the Olympics has become more commercialized. Money and rewards potentially available from excelling on the international stage have served to incentivize not only professionalization, but also cheating. The professed aspirations of the Olympic movement and the reality of the contemporary Olympics are now utterly opposed. The New York Times Citizens of the host city, often uninterested in the Olympic spectacle, can end up footing the bill by paying extra taxes. The construction of Olympic facilities, company investment and the regeneration of areas in host cities can be very disruptive, pricing local residents and shopkeepers out of their areas. Previous Olympics have shown that Olympic resources, when the games are over, do not always benefit the host city. The Olympic sites can become ghost towns, so characteristic of the year they were built in as to be aesthetically odd, impractical, inhospitable and unfashionable a decade later. TIME The athletes competing in the Olympic Games have worked for years, showing dedication to achieving physical greatness. They keep to a strict diet, and put in hundreds of hours training in a week, all for the honor of competing against the best athletes in the world. Besides, individual performance stands here for celebration of collective values, including that of fair competition. Those caught cheating are dealt with harshly, which teaches honesty and dedication to one’s dreams. Above all, countless times the games have instilled hope and togetherness in many. In a world of growing hostility, it’s encouraging to see a sense of peace and togetherness gather every four years. 1．As far as the Olympics are concerned, the website camilla.com.au probably holds that ________. A．emphasizing the result of games motivates athletes to pursue their personal best B．competition between athletes may not make much difference to the whole society C．fierce and odd athletic competition fails to achieve the aim of the Olympic charter D．having various nations come together display togetherness as well as their culture 2．Which of the following problems with the Olympics is NOT mentioned by The Guardian and The New York Times? A．The Olympic sites built in the host city may fall into disuse after the games are over. B．The rewards for winning the game may cause more athletes to train professionally. C．The aspiration to show personal best leads some athletes to win by dishonest means. D．The Olympic Games fail to live up to their original spirit due to over commercialization. 3．According to TIME, the greatest significance of holding the Olympics lies in the fact that ________. A．the Olympics inspire different countries to search for the common ground B．the Olympics instill such virtues as devotion, honesty and fairness in athletes C．the Olympics help to demonstrate the athletes’ persistent struggle for excellence D．the Olympics offer an arena where the Olympic spirit is tested on a global scale Passage 2 【来源】上海市长宁区仙霞高级中学2025-2026学年3月第二学期高三英语练习卷 It started during yoga class. She felt a strange pull on her neck, a sensation completely foreign to her. Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. It turned out that she was having a heart attack. She didn’t look like someone of a heart attack. She exercised, did not smoke, watched her plate. But on reviewing her medical history, I found that her cholesterol (胆固醇) level was sky high. She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin (他汀) medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about statins on the internet. She was the victim of fake medical news. While misinformation has been the object of great attention in politics, medical misinformation might have an even greater body count. As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the internet — and they have very real impacts. False medical information can also lead to patients experiencing greater side effects through the “nocebo effect”. Sometimes patients benefit from certain treatment or medication simply because they believe they will. The nocebo effect is the opposite: Patients can experience negative effects just because they expect them. This is very true of statins. In blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo (安慰剂). Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs. Silicon Valley needs to own this problem. When human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. The scientific community needs to do its part to educate the public about key concepts in research, such as the difference between observational studies and higher-quality randomized trials (随机对照试验). Finally, journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information. News sites are more likely to cover catchy observational studies than randomized controlled trials, perhaps because the latter are less likely to produce surprising results. Such coverage can overstate benefits, claiming for example, that statins could cure cancer; it can also unduly emphasize potential risks, such as suggesting a misleading connection with dementia (痴呆). 4．The lady’s experience of a heart attack is mentioned in paragraph 1 and 2 in order to . A．introduce the topic B．warn against a disease C．explain an established theory D．highlight the writer’s opinion 5．Which of the following examples best illustrates the‌ “nocebo effect”? A．You feel better after taking the medicine that you think will work. B．You feel dizzy after taking the medicine that you believe has side effects. C．You have a fever after taking the medicine even if you know it is harmless. D．You have a headache after taking the medicine even if the doctor says it’s safe. 6．According to the writer, what should journalists do? A．Use as few social media platforms as possible. B．Educate the public about key medical ideas. C．Report as complete a story as possible. D．Spread more benefits than risks. 7．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Doctor Internet is a Liar B．Why‌ “Nocebo Effect” Works C．Watch out for Partial Coverage D．Stand up for Better Human Health Passage 3 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough? These thoughts often distracted me, especially in meetings or social events. I had a whole inner self-talk going on in my head. Every facial expression and comment from others seemed full of hidden meaning. I would polish these “truths” about myself like shiny little stones and carry them around. It was exhausting. But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are. Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others. For example, if crowds make you uncomfortable, you might assume someone else disliked a big party — when in fact, they may have loved it. Brain imaging has also shown that the “default network” of our brain lights up when we are at rest, and it is the same area that activates when we think about ourselves. In other words, our mind’s natural state is self-focus. So when I worry that people think I’m too intense, who is really thinking that? Me. The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. This doesn’t mean people will never judge or say harsh things. But often, their judgments aren’t truly about us. People are frequently the most critical of qualities in others that they feel insecure about in themselves. The freedom comes when we stop internalizing others’ words and start asking, “What does this reveal about them?” Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating. 8．What was the writer mainly concerned about in the beginning? A．Why social events were often exhausting. B．Why people were speaking to themselves. C．How his words and behaviour were perceived. D．How well people remembered his achievements. 9．What do later studies suggest about people’s judgement of others? A．They pay attention to others’ feedback. B．They rely mainly on logic and evidence. C．They often draw on personal experience. D．They enjoy guessing others’ likes and dislikes. 10．What does the phrase “a blip” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A．Something small and unimportant. B．A major event that is well recorded. C．Something that attracts most people. D．A common topic people like to discuss. 11．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．The Danger of Self-Focused Thinking B．No One Is Really Thinking About You C．Finding Freedom from Constant Self-Judgment D．Why We Worry Too Much About Others’ Opinions 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题17 阅读理解议论文类 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解议论文类 知识解构 知识点1 细节理解题 知识点2 推理判断题 知识点3 词义推断题 知识点2 主旨大意题 考向破译 考向 01 考查细节理解题 考向02 考查推理判断题 考向 03 考查词义推断题 考向04 考查主旨大意题 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 维度 命题考情解析 体裁界定 议论文包含社会时评、思想思辨、书评、观点辩驳、社科评论等；上海高考、模考常设置为阅读 C 篇。文本会呈现多方立场：现象引入、反方观点、驳论、作者本人的核心主张，部分文本夹杂事例、引用、实验作为论据。 文本选材特征 1. 选材多取自外刊评论板块，主题覆盖社会热点、教育思辨、科技伦理、文化现象、心理认知、公共议题；2. 语篇结构：常见模式为 “摆出现象 / 对立观点→多方辩驳→亮出作者立场→举例 / 引用论据→升华总结”；3. 句式特点：大量使用转折、让步、对比逻辑词；包含人物引语、长难观点句；事例、数据只作为支撑论点的论据，并非叙事主线；4. 价值观导向：考查批判性思辨能力，引导学生辩证看待社会议题，区分不同主体的观点立场。 高频考点分布 1. 细节理解题：考查论据、他人引述、对立派看法；重点区分他人观点与作者本人观点；容易出现张冠李戴；2. 词义猜测题：考查承载褒贬态度的抽象名词、喻义短语、代词指代；依托转折、让步、对比逻辑；拒绝单词字面本义陷阱；3. 推理判断题：中档难题，推断作者隐含态度、写作目的、不同人物立场；原文直白陈述的事实不能作为推断答案；要排除无中生有、绝对化表述，分清被批判的靶子观点和作者真正主张；4. 主旨大意题：抓取作者核心论点；标题题兼顾 “议论对象 + 作者立场”；区分引子、反方观点、论据与全文主旨。 命题干扰项套路 1. 细节理解题：张冠李戴，把反对派观点安给作者；混淆论据与论点；偷换因果；截取局部片段断章取义；2. 词义猜测题：直接给出单词常用字面含义；代词指代错位；脱离文本争辩逻辑单纯靠词汇量解题；3. 推理判断题：将文中明确陈述内容当作推断结果；过度引申拔高；用考生自身三观、生活常识代替文本证据；混淆正方、反方立场；4. 主旨大意题：把开篇现象引子、反方被批判的观点、局部分论点当成全文主旨；标题范围过大 / 过窄，只概括现象缺失作者态度立场。 命题素养导向 1. 语言能力：识别转折、让步等逻辑信号；读懂引语、长观点句；辨析同义转述；2. 思维品质：辩证思辨；能够拆分多方立场；分清 “现象论据反方作者论点”；坚持 “答案源于文本”；3. 文化意识：理解海外社会评论的多元视角，理性看待不同价值观念；4. 学习能力：不把个人主观好恶带入文本；训练定位、甄别不同主体观点的信息处理能力。 上海模考 & 高考命题新趋势 1. 文本思辨性增强，大量出现折中辩证立场，作者并非全盘肯定或全盘否定某一事物；2. 多方观点交织，不再只有简单正反两方，设问侧重区分 “书中人物 / 受访者 / 批评者 / 本文作者” 的不同看法；3. 词义猜测偏向比喻性表达、抽象社科概念，不是简单生词；4. 推理判断题高频考查举例的写作目的，要识别事例服务于哪一方论点；5. 主旨题干扰项大量使用 “反方观点” 作为迷惑选项，检验学生是否能识别作者真正立场。 学生典型失分点 1. 细节题：张冠李戴，把别人的观点当成作者观点，不会区分论据和论点；2. 词义猜测：只翻译字面意思，忽略语境下的喻义和褒贬色彩；3. 推断题：选原文直接写明的句子做推断答案，代入自己的主观想法进行脑补；4. 主旨题：误把开篇现象、被驳斥的反方观点当作全文主旨，标题只概括话题，缺失作者态度。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 思维建模 把握文章结构；理解语篇模式 · 命题类型 · 细节理解题：考查学生对文章中具体信息的理解，如时间、地点、事件等。 · 推理判断题：考查学生根据文章内容进行逻辑推理和判断的能力，包括推测隐含意思、文章出处、作者态度等。 · 主旨大意题：考查学生对文章主题或中心意思的概括和归纳能力，包括段落大意、文章大意和标题概括。 · 词义猜测题：考查学生根据上下文推断生词或短语的含义，包括代词指代、生僻词以及短语短句的含义。 · 解题思路 · 快速把握文章结构：说明文通常开门见山，作者会在文章开篇就把要介绍的事物或表达的观点直接陈述出来。因此，通过文章第一段可以迅速找出说明文介绍或阐述的事物。 · 关注段落首尾句：说明文的每个段落通常有主旨句、支撑细节和总结句。关注每一段的段首句和段尾句，可以帮助考生在有限的时间内把握段落的主旨大意。 · 理解语篇模式：了解说明文的常见语篇模式，有助于考生从宏观层面理解语篇的框架和脉络，通过“寻读”迅速定位问题所在位置，提高阅读理解的速度。 · 同义转换能力：近几年高考对细节理解题的考查难度有所增加，除了考查原文中直接出现的信息外，还考查学生对原文信息进行同义转换的能力。 · 推理和判断：在解答推理判断题时，考生需要根据文章内容推测隐含意思，推断作者的态度和意图，以及对文章后续内容进行预测。 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点 阅读理解议论文类 知●识●解●构 知识点1 细节理解 议论文中的细节理解题，并非简单事实复述，多以论据、事例、引用观点为考查载体。文本中事例、数据、他人言论常作为支撑作者论点的材料，命题常针对论据目的、他人的立场、实验细节设置选项。解题不能把事例本身当作作者观点，要分清：哪些是他人看法，哪些是作者本人的主张。议论文细节题的高频陷阱，就是 “张冠李戴”，把反对派的观点安到作者身上，或是把论据等同于中心论点。回文定位后，要锚定观点归属，辨析题干问的是谁的看法。切忌凭主观价值判断做题，所有选项的正误，都必须回到文本的引号、转折、举例标记处寻找确凿依据。 考点能力：议论文细节题多考查论据、他人观点、文本明确给出的主张；要分清：他人看法 VS 作者本人观点；陷阱常张冠李戴，把反对派观点安到作者身上；答案必须在原文找到直接依据，不可主观脑补。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences. Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place. Through this new perspective, nature and nurture are not even entirely distinguishable, because genes and environment don’t operate in isolation; they influence each other and to a very real degree even create each other. 【答案】43. A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了社会基因组学这一新兴科学领域对传统“先天vs环境因素”辩论的重新定义，揭示了基因与环境之间相互影响、相互塑造的复杂关系。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Since Francis Galton coined the phrase “nature vs nurture (环境因素)” 150 years ago, the debate about what makes us who we are has dominated the human sciences.(自150年前弗朗西斯·高尔顿提出“先天与环境因素”这一说法以来，关于什么塑造了我们的争论便一直主导着人文科学领域)”、第二段中“Today, however, a new scientific field is set to reshape the debate — not by declaring victory for one side or the other, nor even by calling a tie, but rather by revealing they were never in opposition in the first place.(然而，如今一个新的科学领域即将重塑这场争论——它不是通过宣布某一方获胜，甚至也不是宣告平局，而是揭示出它们从一开始就并非对立)”和第三段中“The new field is called sociogenomics, an integration of behavioral science and genetics.(这个新领域被称为社会基因组学，是行为科学与遗传学的交叉融合)”可知，在社会基因组学出现之前，人们普遍认为先天和环境因素是对立的，即基因和环境是分开作用的。故选A项。 分析：社会现象细节题。定位第二段 “Borrowers tend to be younger and less creditworthy than average…hidden debt makes it hard to monitor credit risks”。批评来源：使用者多为信用资质偏弱的年轻人，隐性债务造成信用风险难以监控。干扰项 A “收取极高利息” 文中没有提到利息；C “大幅抬高线上商品售价” 属于无中生有；D “取代传统信用卡业务” 并非批评原因。命题：针对时事评论议论文，考查抓取社会批评的事实依据。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） These scenes are the gold standard of play-based learning. I’m sure there are many preschool educators who would have felt forced, in the name of learning, to step in with corrections and clarifications, or worse. In a moment, we see the children turn away from one another, away from their own questions, explorations, assumptions, and conclusions based on dialogue and agreement. They are now relying on the adult for questions and answers, rather than continuing to engage in the highest pursuit of human intellectual effort. 44. According to the passage, what is a possible result of the stepping in of the preschool teachers? A. A deeper understanding of facts and a more efficient learning process. B. The successful integration of imagination-based games into formal curricula. C. A shift from self-directed exploration to adult-dependent knowledge acquisition D. The immediate correction of false concepts and elimination of misunderstandings. 【答案】 44. C 【44题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“I’m sure there are many preschool educators who would have felt forced, in the name of learning, to step in with corrections and clarifications, or worse. In a moment, we see the children turn away from one another, away from their own questions, explorations, assumptions, and conclusions based on dialogue and agreement. They are now relying on the adult for questions and answers, rather than continuing to engage in the highest pursuit of human intellectual effort.(我敢肯定，有很多学前教育工作者会感到被迫，以学习的名义，介入纠正和澄清，或者更糟。很快，我们就会看到孩子们彼此疏远，远离他们自己的问题、探 索、假设以及基于对话和共识得出的结论。他们现在依赖成年人提出问题和给出答案，而不是继续投身于人类智力努力的最高追求。)”可知，学前教师介入会让孩子从自主探索转向依赖成人获取知识。故选C项。 知识点2 词义猜测 议论文词义猜测题，多考查体现作者态度的形容词、抽象议论名词、具有逻辑功能的短语。和科普说明文不同，这里的词汇往往承载褒贬、批判、赞同的情感色彩，服务于篇章的逻辑辩驳。解题要依托段落的转折、让步、因果、对比逻辑，借助前后作者的褒贬倾向推断含义。命题人惯用的陷阱是单词的字面本义，忽略文本的立场语境。尤其要关注代词、指代性名词，它们常常回指上文某一社会现象或某一方的主张。做词义猜测，不能孤立看待单词，要置身争辩的语境，理清对立双方的立场，透过语言表层读懂背后的观点交锋。 考点能力：议论文多考查承载褒贬态度的抽象名词、逻辑短语、喻义表达；依托转折、让步、例证逻辑；警惕单词字面本义陷阱；要分清辩论双方立场再判断词义感情色彩。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Today the reproachful frowns are aimed at “buy now, pay later” (BNPL). This practice, which lets people pay for things they buy online in instalments, is booming: over $300bn in payments were financed in such a manner last year. Borrowers tend to be younger and less credit-worthy than average, which is causing concern. Many critics worry that the industry takes advantage of the young, while analysts worry that the hidden debt makes it hard to monitor credit risks. Yet BNPL could be a valuable innovation. 43. What is “the reproachful frowns” in paragraph 2 closest in meaning to? A. New forms of credit. B. Disapproving reactions. C. Signs of moral decline. D. Surprised expressions. 【答案】43. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了新信贷形式常遭质疑，“先买后付”虽有问题但可能有用（需规范）。 【43题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第一段“New forms of credit are often met with doubts. A century ago, furniture and car sellers realized they could reach more customers if they accepted payments in instalments (分期付款). To critics this was a sign of moral decline. When in 1958 Bank of America started posting credit cards to customers, it did not take long for opponents to worry about the consequences.(新型信贷模式往往总会遭遇质疑。一个世纪前，家具与汽车经销商发现，如果支持分期付款，就能吸引更多顾客。在批评者眼中，这是道德滑坡的表现。1958年，美国银行开始向客户邮寄信用卡，没过多久，反对者便开始担忧其带来的种种隐患。)”和第二段中“Today the reproachful frowns are aimed at “buy now, pay later” (BNPL).(如今，（人们）the reproachful frowns投向了“先买后付”（BNPL）这种模式。)”可知，第一段中人们曾反对分期付款、抵触信用卡的内容，如今，这种指责与不满全都对准了“先买后付”模式。the reproachful frowns指的是“不赞成的反应”。故选B。 分析：喻义短语猜测。第一段写历史上新信贷形式（分期付款、早期信用卡）都曾遭受质疑反对；“如今这种不满、指责又落到 BNPL（先买后付）头上”。短语不是字面 “皱眉”，喻指社会上的批评、不赞成的反应。干扰项 A 新信贷形式；C 道德堕落的标志；D 惊讶的表情，均脱离段落辩论逻辑。命题特点：议论文借具象短语指代抽象社会态度，不能直译字面。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Another way to think of 21st-century Western culture is as a history of relative comfort. Chaos in the today’s world has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthroughs of the early 20th century. In extreme conditions, could today’s creators match the past genius? Let’s hope we will never find out. 45. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph imply? A. The author thinks social chaos is necessary. B. The author hopes extreme crises won’t happen. C. The author believes modern artists are superior. D. The author thinks cultural decline will continue. 【答案】 45. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章先介绍W・David Marx认为当代文化因资本和算法影响变得重复保守、缺乏创新，随后作者对此观点提出质疑，认为现在评判现代文化的价值还为时过早，且经典长存不等于当代文化停滞。 【45题详解】 句意判断题。在最后一段“Another way to think of 21st-century Western culture is as a history of relative comfort.Chaos in the today’s world has shaken up the arts, but it has been less impactful than the crises that launched the cultural breakthroughs of the early 20th century. In extreme conditions, could today’s creators match the past genius? Let’s hope we will never find out.(看待21世纪西方文化的另一种方式是将其视为一段相对安逸的历史。当今世界的混乱确实搅动了艺术，但其冲击力不及那些催生20世纪初文化突破的危机。在极端条件下，今天的创作者能否媲美过去的才华？但愿我们永远不需要知道答案。)”作者提出，极端危机（如20世纪初的那些动荡）曾激发文化突破，但如果再次出现极端条件，今天的创作者能否达到过去的水平？作者说“但愿我们永远不需要知道”，暗示他并不希望这样的极端危机发生，不希望发生极端危机来验证这件事，因为那样的危机虽然可能催生文化突破，但代价巨大。故选B。 知识点3 判断推理 议论文推理判断题，重在推断作者隐含态度、写作目的、局部言外之意、文中不同立场人物的潜在看法。议论文文本会出现多方观点碰撞：正方、反方、折中观点，考生必须厘清各方立场，不可混为一谈。解题优先使用选项排除法：直接排除与原文明确矛盾的选项；排除原文已经直白陈述，不需要 “推断” 的事实选项；高度警惕过度拔高、绝对化表述的臆断选项。议论文的推理讲究 “有据而不过界”，答案一定能在原文找到支撑，不能把自己的三观代入文本当作作者态度。很多干扰项看似符合现实常理，但属于文本之外的主观延伸，应当果断舍弃。 考点能力：议论文推理重在推断不同人物立场、作者隐含态度、写作目的；三不选：原文直白陈述事实不选、与原文矛盾不选、生活常识但文本无支撑不选；警惕绝对化表述；区分 “被批判的观点” 和 “作者支持的观点”。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade — even among those students who didn’t personally know those classmates. 45. It can be inferred that the research shocked the writer by suggesting that ________. A. our genes may change because of the people we live with B. nature determines our behaviour just as much as nurture does C. people with the same genes are more likely to interact with each other D. the genes of people around us can affect the environment we experience 【答案】 45. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了社会基因组学这一新兴科学领域对传统“先天vs环境因素”辩论的重新定义，揭示了基因与环境之间相互影响、相互塑造的复杂关系。 【45题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Here is the part of this research that really blows me away. The research suggests that your partner’s genes influence your likelihood of depression almost a third as much as your own genes do. It also shows when a small number of students with a genetic tendency to smoke are present in a high school, smoking rates can rise rapidly across an entire grade (这项研究中真正让我震惊的是这一部分。研究表明，伴侣的基因对你患抑郁症可能性的影响几乎达到你自己基因影响的三分之一。研究还表明，当高中有少数具有吸烟遗传倾向的学生时，整个年级的吸烟率会迅速上升)”可推知，这项研究让作者感到震惊的是，我们周围人的基因可以影响我们所处的环境。故选D项。 分析：写作意图推理。定位第三段，过去信用卡刚问世时同样饱受质疑，后来证明有价值。作者举这个历史案例，用来论证：金融创新在被大众接纳前往往遭受大量质疑。干扰项 A 展示新产品如何取得成功，案例重点不是讲成功细节；B 证明 BNPL 终将取代信用卡，原文无此预判；C 证明欺诈在金融领域不可避免，属于曲解论据作用。命题考法：议论文举例不是为讲例子本身，要推断例子服务的论点。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年虹口区二模） Some providers say they do not trust credit bureaus — agencies that collect, organize, and provide information about individuals’ credit histories — to understand this new form of finance; others may see the secrecy it offers as an advantage, because it attracts borrowers who wish to keep their debts hidden. Despite such concerns, providers should be required to report their data, as Affirm, one of America’s largest BNPL lenders, has recently begun to do. Many providers wish to reach further into mainstream finance, and to achieve those dreams, they must open up. 46. What is the author’s attitude towards BNPL? A. It may harm the young, so regulators should ban it. B. It is growing, and it is making online shopping easier. C. It may be useful, but providers need to fully report data. D. It is unfair, as it excludes less credit-worthy borrowers. 【答案】 46. C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了新信贷形式常遭质疑，“先买后付”虽有问题但可能有用（需规范）。 【46题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Despite such concerns, providers should be required to report their data, as Affirm, one of America’s largest BNPL lenders, has recently begun to do.(尽管存在这些担忧，但应该要求供应商报告他们的数据，就像美国最大的BNPL贷款机构之一Affirm最近开始做的那样。)”可知，作者认为BNPL可能有用，但供应商需要全面报告数据。故选C。 知识点4 主旨大意 议论文主旨大意题，核心任务是拨开纷繁的事例、他人引述、反方辩驳，抓取作者真正的中心论点。开篇常常先介绍社会现象、对立的流行看法作为引子，很多考生误把引子或者反方观点当成全文主旨。标题类题目需要同时满足：点明议论对象、体现作者立场，做到范围大小恰到好处。高频干扰项有三类：局部分论点、对立一方的观点、仅概括现象却缺失态度立场的选项。阅读时要学会识别：事例是用来证明观点的，反方观点是被拿来批判的，转折之后往往才是作者的真实立场。概括主旨，不是简单复述文章讲了什么现象，而是提炼作者对此现象持何种主张。 考点能力：议论文要剥离事例、反方观点、引子，抓取作者本人的核心论点；高频陷阱：①把反方批判的观点当主旨；②把局部分论点当全文主旨；③只概括现象，缺失作者立场。标题题兼顾 “对象 + 作者态度”。 【示例1】（2025~2026学年静安区二模） The social media landscape is now undergoing a quiet but profound transformation. The question arises: are platforms becoming less social just as they become more popular? The traditional magic of online social networks was their ability to combine personal interactions with mass communication. Friends shared updates; networks spread them widely. Now this fusion is splitting apart. Status updates from people you know are being replaced by algorithm-selected videos from strangers — content that resembles television more than conversation. Meanwhile, public posting is moving to private messaging groups where conversations happen behind digital walls. Some argue these defects can be fixed through better governance or coding. But the problems suggest something deeper: social media’s flaws may also result from trade-offs built into human communication itself. When platforms move toward private groups, monitoring decreases. When people escape closed circles, they may face more extreme content. As social networks evolve, we must deal with these new challenges rather than fighting old battles. 46. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. The Rise of Private Messaging B. From Public Square to Private Chat C. Why Algorithms Are Ruining Social Media D. The Future of Online Communities 【答案】43. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体正在经历一场深刻变革，从公共平台向私人聊天转变，并探讨了这一变革带来的利弊。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“The social media landscape is now undergoing a quiet but profound transformation. The question arises: are platforms becoming less social just as they become more popular?(社交媒体格局正在经历一场悄然而深刻的变革。问题出现了：随着社交媒体平台越来越受欢迎，它们是否变得不那么社交了？)”可知，文章主要讨论了社交媒体从公共平台向私人聊天的转变，以及这种转变带来的影响。因此，B选项“从公共广场到私人聊天”最符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选B。 【示例2】（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） The birth of the universe and the nature of space and time are every bit as much mysteries to physicists as treasure maps and pirates are to these preschoolers. What drives scientists is the same thing that drives playing children: they are motivated by the mystery, by their own questions, and by the freedom to seek answers. Too often, educators, in our commitment to facts, truth and teaching, take over the learning by providing shortcuts to answers, eliminating the mystery that has driven humans since the beginning of time. We forget that getting it wrong is every bit as important to this process as being right. The job in life is not to know stuff, but rather to figure stuff out so that we will then know. And we get there through play. 46. Which of the following would be the best title for this passage? A. How to Draw a Perfect Treasure Map B. Play: The Highest Pursuit of Learning C. Why Facts Matter Most in Preschools D. Insight: The Myth of Games in Education 【答案】46. B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍儿童玩寻宝游戏的场景体现游戏化学习，作者批判成人过度干预，指出玩耍是学习的核心方式。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中的“What drives scientists is the same thing that drives playing children: they are motivated by the mystery, by their own questions, and by the freedom to seek answers. And we get there through play.(驱动科学家的动力与驱动玩耍儿童的动力是一样的：他们被神秘感、自身的问题以及寻求答案的自由所激励。而我们正是通过玩耍来实现这一点的。)”可知，文章围绕游戏化学习展开，强调玩耍不是无意义的娱乐，而是人类探索与学习的最高形式，核心观点为玩耍是学习的最高追求，所以“Play: The Highest Pursuit of Learning”最能概括全文核心，适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查细节理解题题 【考向破译】 ◆ 抓论点、寻论据：阅读议论文时，要抓住作者提出的观点、给出的例证及最后得出的结论。这些论点和论据是理解文章细节的关键，能够帮助考生快速定位到相关信息。 ◆ 注重文章结构，理清文章脉络：把握文章的论证结构，如“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”或“论点—论据—结论”，这样可以更好地理解作者的论证过程和细节信息。 ◆ 利用寻读法：对于直接信息题，可以快速浏览文章，寻找与题目相关的关键词或信息点。对于间接信息题，则需要对原文信息进行同义转换或归纳概括。 【来源】上海市复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试题 Sarcasm (讽刺) and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all. What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying—and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly. 17．Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common? A．Both are recognized when heard. B．Both have exactly the same tone. C．Both mean the opposite of what they appear to. D．Both have hidden in them an evident irritation. 18．What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically? A．They feel their dignity greatly heightened. B．They feel increasingly insecure and hostile. C．They endure hostility under the disguise of humor. D．They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions. 【答案】17．A 18．B 【导语】本文为议论文。文章通过类比讽刺与爵士乐的共性引入主题，论证 "减少讽刺、倡导善意机智" 的观点，剖析讽刺的本质危害、与机智的核心区别，最终给出沟通建议。 17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them.(讽刺和爵士乐之间竟有着惊人的相似之处：当你听到它们的时候，就能立刻辨别出来。)”可知，讽刺和爵士乐之间的相似之处在于“一听就能识别出来”。故选A项。 18．细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity.(此外，由于行为会极大地影响思想和情感，如果一个人总是以讽刺的方式行事，这可能只会加剧他们内心深处的敌意和不安感。)”可知，持续讽刺行为会强化内在的敌意和不安全感。故选B项。 【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题】 In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes to they can get into the college of our first choice. I’ve twice been to the wars, and as I survey the battlefield, something different is happening. We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them. So we’ve come up with various justifications that turn out to be half-truths, prejudices or myths. It actually doesn’t matter much whether Aaron and Nicole go to Stanford. 5．Why does the author say that parents are the true fighters in the college-admissions wars? A．They have the final say in which university their children are to attend. B．They know best which universities are most suitable for their children. C．They care more about which college their children go to than the children themselves. D．They have to carry out intensive surveys of colleges before children make an application. 【答案】5．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕大学录取战争中的家长行为、名校崇拜的现象及其背后的真相展开论述，对这一现象进行了深入的分析和批判，并给出了作者自己的建议和看法。 5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In the college-admissions wars, we parents are the true fighters. We’re pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes to they can get into the college of our first choice.(在大学录取这场战役中，我们家长才是真正的战士。我们催促孩子取得好成绩，参加SAT备考课程，并打造简历，以便他们能进入我们首选的大学。)”以及“We see our kids’ college background as a prize demonstrating how well we’ve raised them. But we can’t acknowledge that our obsession is more about us than them.(我们把孩子的大学背景视为一个奖品，证明我们把他们培养得有多好。但我们不愿承认，我们的痴迷更多是关于我们自己，而不是他们。)”可知，家长比孩子更关心他们上哪所大学，因此成为了这场“战争”中的真正战士。故选C。 考向2 考查词义猜测题 【考向破译】 ◆ 利用上下文语境：通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测生词或短语的含义。上下文提供的语境线索是推断词义的关键。 ◆ 注意词义的多义性和搭配：一个词可能有多个义项，要结合上下文选择最合适的词义。同时注意词与词之间的搭配习惯，如固定搭配、习惯用法等。 ◆ 借助语法知识：根据句子结构和语法关系来判断词义。如，通过句子成分、从句关系等来推断词义。 【来源】上海市建平中学2025-2026学年高三上学期11月练习英语试卷 Surgical students are less capable than their ancestors because they spend too much time with screens and not enough with physical materials. These claims from Roger Kneebone, professor of surgical education at Imperial College London, were widely reported last week. According to Kneebone, today’s students lack the dexterity that is important for sewing, cutting and stitching. He argues that this is because, instead of taking part in creative subjects that involve manual work during their school education, “a lot of things are reduced to swiping on a two-dimensional flat screen”. 13．What does the underlined word dexterity mean? A．Power of concentration. B．Experience of performing surgery. C．Capacity to use words or mind. D．Skills related to hand work. 【答案】13．D 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文讨论了关于现代外科学生是否因过多使用电子设备而缺乏手术所需的手工技能的争议。Roger Kneebone教授认为，学生因减少手工活动而技能下降，但研究表明数字技术（如电子游戏）可能反而提升手术表现；同时讲述了相关争议背后的社会与认知原因。但从长远来看，数字素养对未来外科医生可能越来越重要。 13．词义猜测题。根据后文的定语从句“that is important for sewing, cutting and stitching(这对缝纫、切割和缝合很重要)”可知，句中“sewing(缝纫)”，“cutting(切割)”，“stitching(缝合)” 均为外科手术中手工操作相关动 作，因此可推知，“dexterity”应指向“手术中与手工操作相关的能力”。故选D项。 【上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习】 ……… All the students interviewed say they usually use a computer. It’s faster and easier to correct if using a computer. And that’s why computers are being used more and more often to modern education. But when people are taking stock of computers increasingly, problems appear. ……… 22．What does the underlined expression “taking stock of” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Getting bored with. B．Thinking carefully about. C．Getting curious about. D．Becoming crazy about. 22．B 22．词句猜测题。结合选项和下文“problems appear (问题就出现了)”可推知，当人们开始仔细审视电脑时，就会发现问题。所以taking stock of表示与同义Thinking carefully about，意为“(对某情况)进行反思，作出评估”。故选B。 考向3 考查判断推理题 【考向破译】 · 以事实为依据，进行逻辑推理：推理判断题要求考生根据文章中的事实信息，通过逻辑推理得出结论。要注意区分事实与观点，确保推理过程符合文章的逻辑关系。 · 体会文章语言特点，把握作者写作态度：理解作者的观点和态度是进行推理判断的基础。有时候作者的观点和态度并不是明确表达出来的，需要考生认真体察和分析。 · 关注文章中的隐含信息：推理判断题往往考查文章中隐含或深层的含义。考生需要关注文章中的修辞、语气、隐含意思等，挖掘出文章的深层含义。 【上海市建平中学2024-2025学年高三上学期9月月考英语试卷】 JULY 19TH was a day for help- desk heroes. A routine software update by CrowdStrike, a cyber-security company, caused computer breakdown in offices, hospitals and airports worldwide. Most white-collar workers looked miserably at their screens and realised just how useless they are if they cannot log in. People in IT came to the rescue of helpless colleagues and stranded passengers. Their work that day was full of stress — but also full of meaning. If machines can add purpose to some jobs when they fail, what about when they work properly? This is not a meaningless question. Technologies tend to spread in less dramatic ways, task by task rather than role by role. Before machines replace individuals, they change the nature of the work they do. It is still too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work. Some will surely enjoy using a bot to brainstorm ideas and take care of boring tasks, while others may not. The thing for managers to remember is that machines can make employees feel differently about their work. So it matters whether new technologies are introduced in collaboration with employees or imposed from above, and whether they enhance or weaken their sense of competence. 15．We can infer from Barrett’s research that ______. A．the introduction of robots leads to a decrease in job quality for all hospital staff B．when robots are introduced, staff tend to feel more satisfied regardless of their roles C．in the same department, workers in different positions can feel differently to automation D．in some occupational areas, automation does constantly reduce the perceived meaningfulness 16．Which of the following studies will others in the last paragraph cite as their evidence? A．A paper from Boris Nikolaev illustrates that many employees put a higher premium on non-monetary than monetary rewards. B．Research by Pok Man Tang of the University of Georgia suggests that workers who interact more with AI assistants feel lonelier and long for more social contact. C．A recent Federal Reserve discussion paper surveyed American workers who had switched jobs; they found that interest in the work mattered more to people than pay and benefits. D．An experiment conducted by Eugina Leung states that a technology that cuts down on boring tasks is fine; one that threatens your sense of identity is not. 【答案】 15．C 16．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“机器和人工智能对工作质量和员工感受的影响”这一主题展开讨论，通过引用多个研究案例和分析，探讨了机器在出现故障和正常运转时对工作的影响，以及自动化和人工智能在不同行业中的应用对员工感受和工作质量的潜在影响。 15．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“A paper from 2011 by Michael Barrett of the University of Cambridge found that the introduction of drug- dispensing robots into hospital pharmacies had different effects. Pharmacists felt the quality of their jobs had improved because they had more time for patient counselling. Pharmacy assistants had a more miserable time of it, however, as their role shrank to loading medicine into the machines. (剑桥大学的Michael Barrett于2011年发表的一篇论文发现，在医院药房引入药物分发机器人产生了不同的影响。药剂师觉得他们的工作质量提高了，因为他们有更多的时间为患者提供咨询。然而，药房助理的日子就不好过了，因为他们的职责缩减为往机器里装药。)”可推测，即便都是在医院药房里工作，药剂师和药房助理的感受都不一样。故选C。 16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It is still too early to know how AI will affect the quality of work. Some will surely enjoy using a bot to brainstorm ideas and take care of boring tasks, while others may not. The thing for managers to remember is that machines can make employees feel differently about their work. So it matters whether new technologies are introduced in collaboration with employees or imposed from above, and whether they enhance or weaken their sense of competence. (目前还无法确定人工智能将如何影响工作质量。有些人肯定会喜欢使用机器人来集思广益和处理无聊的任务，而另一些人则可能不会。管理者要记住的一点是，机器会让员工对自己的工作产生不同的感受。因此，新技术是与员工合作引入还是从上面强加，以及它们是否增强了还是削弱了员工的胜任感，这些都是至关重要的。)”可知，员工的胜任感是非常重要的。故选D。 【来源】上海市南汇中学2025-2026学年高三上学期12月阶段练习英语试题 Well-meaning people might say you need closure, a way to tell a coherent (有条理的) story. Closure is great if you can get it, but I’m not convinced it’s essential. What concerns me is that trying to find narratively pleasing ways to transform painful memories ultimately makes our capacity to move on depend on whether we can make sense of those events. Coherence may be genuinely beyond our reach. Bad luck doesn’t make sense. People don’t always have a “why”. I think it’s less “I have to get closure” and more “I have to see this as past, over”. As you try to figure out what is captivating about these memories, it might help to try seeing them in past tense. Not solved, just over — not a source of new pain, not part of a pattern; an echo of hurts gone by. 19．Which of the following best summarizes the author’s advice? A．Painful memories must be carefully analyzed to gain wisdom. B．Forgetting the past is the only way to achieve peace eternally. C．Painful memories should be seen as finished events, not threats. D．One could resolve painful memories by rewriting his own past. 【答案】 19．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕读者提出的“难以放下痛苦回忆”的困扰，分析了人们反复回想痛苦回 忆的原因，并给出了相应的建议，帮助读者以更平和的心态面对过往。 19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“As you try to figure out what is captivating about these memories, it might help to try seeing them in past tense. Not solved, just over — not a source of new pain, not part of a pattern; an echo of hurts gone by.(当你试图弄明白这些回忆为何如此有吸引力时，试着用过去时来看待它们可能会有帮助。不是被解决了，只是结束了——不再是新痛苦的来源，不再是某种模式的一部分，只是过往伤痛的余响)”可推知，作者的建议是，应将痛苦的回忆视为已经结束的事情，而不是威胁。故选C项。 考向4 考查主旨大意题 【考向破译】 ◆ 关注文章的首尾段落：议论文的主旨通常出现在文章的开头或结尾。首段往往提出论点或问题，尾段则总结观点或得出结论。 ◆ 抓住主题句和关键词：主题句是概括文章主旨的关键。在阅读过程中，要注意段落中的主题句以及文章中反复出现的关键词。 ◆ 综合各段大意，归纳总结：如果文章没有明确的主题句，可以先概括每一段的大意，然后综合各段内容，归纳出文章的中心思想。 【上海市格致中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习】 As computers become more and more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly depending on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes (笔画) of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more. …….. Many educators think differently. Shi Liwei, the headmaster of a famous primary school in the capital said, “Chinese characters enjoy both practical value and artistic beauty. But those characters typed with computer keyboards only maintain their practical value. All the artistic beauty of the characters is lost. And handwriting contains the writer’s emotion. Through one’s handwriting, people can get to know one’s thinking and personality. Beautiful writing will give people a better first impression of them.” To encourage students to hand-write more, many primary schools in Beijing have made writing classes compulsory (必修的) and in universities, some professors are asking students to turn in their homework and essays written by hand. 24．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A．To Type or to Hand-write. B．How to Improve Handwriting. C．Practical Value and Artistic Beauty of Chinese Characters. D．Writing by Computer Will Replace Writing by Hand. 【答案】 24．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要围绕电脑的普及使手写减少，引发对手写价值的讨论。 24．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“As computers become more and more popular in China, Chinese people are increasingly depending on computer keyboards to input Chinese characters. But if they use the computer too much, they may end up forgetting the exact strokes (笔画) of each Chinese character when writing on paper. Experts suggest people, especially students, write by hand more.(随着电脑在中国越来越普及，中国人越来越依赖电脑键盘输入汉字。但是，如果他们使用电脑太多，他们可能会忘记在纸上写字时每个汉字的准确笔画。专家建议人们，尤其是学生，多用手写字。)”及最后两段可知，文章主要讨论了随着计算机在中国的普及，中国人越来越依赖电脑键盘输入汉字，但这可能导致他们忘记在纸上书写汉字的确切笔画。专家建议人们，尤其是学生，应该更多地手写。文章通过对比手写和打字的优缺点，探讨了手写汉字的重要性和价值。因此，“To Type or to Hand-write”可以作为文章的最佳标题，因为它准确地概括了文章的主要内容和讨论的主题。故选A。 【上海市南洋模范中学2024-2025学年高三上学期阶段练习】 “Woman reading book, under a night sky, dreamy atmosphere,” I type into Deep Dream Generator’s Text 2 Dream feature. In less than a minute, an image is returned to me showing what I’ve described. Welcome to the world of AI image generation, where you can create what on the surface looks like top-rank artwork using just a few text prompts (提示). But closer examination shows oddities. The face of the woman in my image has very odd features, and appears to be holding multiple books. And, while there’s an initial thrill at seeing an image appear, there’s no creative satisfaction. AI image generation could influence everything from film to graphic novels and more. Children’s illustrators were quick to raise concerns about the technology. They say AI-generated art is the exact opposite of what art is believed to be. Fundamentally, art is all about translating something that you feel internally into something that exists externally. Whatever form it takes, true art is about the creative process much more than it’s about the final piece. And simply pressing a button to generate an image is not a creative process. Beyond creativity, there are deeper issues. To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work. However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy. The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists. There’s already a negative prejudice towards the creative industry. People will begin to think that their “work” is as excellent as that created by someone who has spent a career making art. It’s nonsense, of course. You can use your mobile phone to take a nice picture of your daughter, but you are no match for professionals. 7．What is Paragraph 4 of the text mainly about? A．The styles of human artworks and AI ones. B．Human artists’ influence on AI generators. C．Different means used in human and AI art creation. D．The drawbacks of drawing from existing art and text. 8．Which of the following best summarizes the last paragraph? A．Art is the mirror of life. B．Rome is not built in a day. C．No man can do two things at once. D．Don’t judge a book by its cover. 【答案】 7．C 8．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者认为人工智能图像生成虽然便捷，但也有不少弊端，在文中从几个方面进行了阐述。 7．主旨大意题。根据第四段第二句到第四句“To create images from prompts, AI generators rely on databases of already existing art and text. This could lead to the creation of images that are intentionally meant to imitate the style of other artists, without their agreement. There is an argument that AI generators work no differently to humans when it comes to being influenced by others’ work.(为了根据提示创建图像，人工智能生成器依赖于已经存在的艺术和文本数据库。这可能会导致在未经其他艺术家同意的情况下，故意模仿其他艺术家的风格。有一种观点认为，人工智能生成器在受他人工作影响方面与人类没有什么不同。)”和最后两句“However, a human artist is also adding emotion and nuance (细微差别) into the mix. AI doesn’t do the same — it can only copy.(然而，人类艺术家也在混合中添加情感和细微差别。人工智能不会做同样的事情——它只能复制。)”可知，第四段主要是讲在人类和AI艺术创作中使用的不同手段。故选C。 8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段第一句“The increasing use of AI will also lead to a devaluing (贬低) of the work of artists.(越来越多地使用人工智能也将导致艺术家的作品贬值。)”可知，“冰冻三尺非一日之寒”最能总结最后一段。故选B。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题组一 高考真题 （2025年·上海高考真题） The pet food industry has received unkind remarks as to the true origin of its ingredients (原料) for decades. Now the industry faces another source of criticism as a new book starts a debate about the environmental impact of owning a well-fed pet. The New Scientist magazine, in a recent editorial, largely agreed with the book’s findings that some pets, due to the food they eat, have a surprisingly high “ecological footprint”, which is a way of quantifying human demand on the planet’s ecosystems using a measure called “global hectares”. According to the authors of the book, “A shocking comparison is that in 2004, the average citizen of some poor countries had an eco-footprint of 0.76 hectares. The eco-footprint of a cat is about 0.15 hectares, almost the same as what is needed to run a small car. In a world where resources are already limited, can people really justify keeping pets that require more than some people?” The authors of the book say that they were “genuinely surprised” when calculating the environmental impact of pets. And some of the ideas they put forward to attenuate this are likely to shock some pet owners. For example, the book suggests catching pests such as field mice and processing them into a “natural” cat food, or raising pets like chickens that provide both company and fresh eggs. When feeding a pet, however, the advice is to favour pet foods made from chicken meat, which is less damaging to the environment than red meat and fish. As you might expect, the Pet Food Manufacturers Association (PFMA) puts up a spirited defence, arguing that the vast majority of meat and fish used in pet foods is of sufficient quality for human consumption but more than humans need. “If we didn’t recycle animal by-products to sell, they might instead be abandoned and buried under the earth, which is not very green,” says the director. In addition, he points out that pets should not be viewed just on their carbon footprint. “Our environment is greatly enriched by the part they play in our lives. Pets in the home inspire responsibility, encourage social awareness and have positive health benefits.” 20．What is suggested in the book to make pet food production greener? A．Making processed pet foods out of pests B．Feeding pets primarily with fish and meat. C．Increasing the use of red meat in pet foods. D．Avoiding using animal by-products in pet foods. 21．The word “attenuate” (para 4) is closest in meaning to “_______”. A．assess B．blame C．drive D．reduce 22．Which argument does PFMA make to defend the industry? A．The use of meat and fish in pet foods can prevent waste. B．Pet food production is both sustainable and cost-efficient. C．Pet food ingredients are as nutritious as those for humans. D．The eco-footprints of humans far outnumber those of pets. 23．What is the main focus of the passage? A．The origin of pet food ingredients. B．Calculation of pet carbon footprint. C．Environmental impact of pet foods. D．A spirited debate over pet ownership. 【答案】20．A 21．D 22．A 23．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讨论了宠物食品对环境的影响，包括宠物食品的生态足迹、宠物食品生产的环境问题以及宠物食品制造商协会对此的回应。 20．细节理解题。根据第四段中“For example, the book suggests catching pests such as field mice and processing them into a “natural” cat food, or raising pets like chickens that provide both company and fresh eggs. When feeding a pet, however, the advice is to favour pet foods made from chicken meat, which is less damaging to the environment than red meat and fish. (例如，这本书建议捕捉田鼠等害兽，将它们加工成“天然”猫粮，或者饲养鸡这类宠物，它们既能陪伴主人，又能提供新鲜鸡蛋。不过，在喂养宠物时，建议优先选择鸡肉制成的宠物食品，因为鸡肉对环境的破坏比红肉和鱼类要小。)”可知，书中提出的环保建议包括将田鼠等害兽加工成宠物食品，以及优先使用鸡肉制作宠物食品。故选A项。 21．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The authors of the book say that they were “genuinely surprised” when calculating the environmental impact of pets. (这本书的作者们表示，在计算宠物对环境的影响时，他们“真的很惊讶”。)”以及下文“For example, the book suggests catching pests such as field mice and processing them into a “natural” cat food, or raising pets like chickens that provide both company and fresh eggs. (例如，这本书建议捕捉田鼠等害虫，将它们加工成“天然”猫粮，或者饲养鸡这类宠物，它们既能陪伴主人，又能提供新鲜鸡蛋。)”可知，作者对于宠物对环境的影响感到惊讶，所以提出了一些建议来减少这种影响，故画线词attenuate应为“减少”之意，与“reduce”意思最接近。故选D项。 22．细节理解题。根据最后一段中““If we didn’t recycle animal by-products to sell, they might instead be abandoned and buried under the earth, which is not very green,” says the director. (“如果我们不回收动物副产品进行销售，它们可能会被丢弃并埋在地下，这可不是什么环保的做法，”主任说道。)”可知，PFMA认为宠物食品中使用肉类和鱼类可以防止浪费，以此为宠物食品行业辩护。故选A项。 23．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now the industry faces another source of criticism as a new book starts a debate about the environmental impact of owning a well-fed pet. (现在，随着一本新书引发了一场关于饲养一只营养充足的宠物对环境影响的辩论，该行业面临着另一个批评来源。)”可知，文章开篇指出宠物食品行业面临新的批评 —— 新书引发关于宠物饲养环境影响的争论；随后介绍书中的生态足迹数据和环保建议；最后呈现PFMA的反驳观点。全文始终围绕宠物食品的环境影响这一核心话题展开。故选C项。 （2022年7月·上海高考真题） Business innovation is an organization's process for introducing new ideas, workflows methodologies, services or products. Like IT innovation, which calls for using technology new ways to create a more efficient and agile organization, business innovation should enable the achievement of goals across the entire organization, with sights set on accomplishing core business aims and initiatives. Innovation often begins with idea generation , whereas ideas are narrowed down during brainstorming sessions, after which leaders consider the business viability, feasibility and desirability of each idea.existing products, services or processes; or it should solve a problem; or it should reach new customers. Recent examples of business innovation include the introduction of the Dyson vacuum cleaner, whose creator and namesake James Dyson declared in advertisements that he set out to build a better product by applying industrial cyclone technologies to the household appliance. The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization. That value can come from creating new revenue opportunities or driving more revenue through existing channels: from creating efficiencies that save time, money or both; or from improvements to productivity or performance. In short, innovation should lead to higher profits Additionally, the results of an organization’s innovation process should yield a competitive advantage; it should help the organization to grow and reach-or, better still, exceed -strategic objectives. Innovation and invention are closely linked, but the two terms are not interchangeable. An invention ts an entirely new creation. The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope and includes the application of an existing concept or practice in a new way.or applying new technology to an existing product or process to improve upon it. To better understand the difference,consider this: The telephone is an invention,but the smartphone is an innovation. Business innovation can also be classified as either revolutionary or evolutionary. Revolutionary business innovation yields a drastic change in a product, service, process, etc. which often destroys or supplants an existing business model This is also known as radical innovation. Evolutionary or incremental innovation involves smaller, more continuous improvements that, while important, are not drastic enough to shift a company or market into a new paradigm. Disruptive innovation is a category that emphasizes the destructive aspect of revolutionary innovation: this term applies to business innovation that lends to the creation of a new market that displaces an existing one or. similarly, a significant upheaval in a category of products or services. Business innovation, like most business initiatives, hits both benefits and risks. Organizations should recognize on the negative tide that the bushiness innovation process can be a costly undertaking than does not always produce a rectum on investment (ROI); that ideas considered likely to succeed could still fail; and that stakeholders could fight the changes required to be successful. On the other hand, organizations need to weigh those risks against the benefits of business innovation. 63. What does the underlined word in the first paragraph mean? A. Persuasibility B. Scarcity C. Generality D. Practicability 64. What is the purpose of business innovation? A. Create value benefits for the enterprise. B. Reform the management structure of enterprises. C.Encourage staff to make more inventions. D. Upgrade the product performance. 65 Which of the following is true about innovation and invention? A. They are essentially the same concept. B. They can replace each other in the context. C.They can bring huge commercial benefits. D.They are closely related but have different conceptual scopes. 66. What is the main content of this passage? A. The precautions for brainstorming meetings. B. The considerations for business innovation. C. The difference between innovation and invention. D. The revolutionary change in business innovation. 【答案】63-66 DADB 【导读】本文主要介绍了商业创新的概念和过程。商业创新是指组织引入新的想法、工作流程、方法、服务或产品的过程，其目的是创造价值，包括创造新的收入机会、提高效率、提高生产力或者性能等，从而实现核心业务目标和倡议。商业创新应该使整个组织都能够实现目标，并且可以带来竞争优势。商业创新与发明密切相关，但这两个术语并不完全等同。商业创新分为革命性和进化性，前者对产品、服务、流程等进行彻底改变，后者则是通过小步迭代来实现改进。商业创新既有好处又有风险，组织必须衡量风险并权衡收益。 【详解】 63.D【解析】结合语境以及该词之后的并列词语 feasibility and desirability可推知此处表述的是关于“领导者对于头脑风暴所提创意可行性的考虑”，其中 viability有“生存能力，耐用性 可行性”之意，结合选项分析，Practicability一词也有“实用性，可行性“之意，而 Persuasive 意为“有说服力的，劝诱的”，Scarcity意为“树缺的”，Generality意为“概括性的”，故选D。 64.A【解析】根据文章第二段第一句提及的 The purpose of the business innovation process is to create value for the organization可知，商业创新过程的目的是为组织创造价值，再结合下文对这种价值的具体讲述，可知A项的“为企业创造价值效益”表述正确，故选A。 65 D【解析】根据第三段内容可知，该段主要在讲述创新和发明两者概念的不同之处，再结合该段最后一句所举的“电话与智能手机”的相关例子,可推知A项表述错误:根据文章第三段第一句提及的 Innovation and invention are closely linked but the two terms are not interchangeable 可知，创新和发明紧密相连，但这两个术语不能互换，B项表述有误:C项文章未明确提及;结合文章第三段第三句提及的 The process of business innovation can produce an invention, but the term is broader in scope 可知，创新和发明的概念范围不同，D项表述正确，故选D。 66 B【解析】根据整篇文章内容分析，可知本文主要围绕 Business innovation词进行讲述，其中不仅提及了 Business innovation 一词的概念，还提出其改进的方向、实现目的以及相关的创新分类。除此以外，文章还对商业创新的积极影响和消极影响进行了简要概述。因此，结合选项分析，这篇文章讲述的主要内容是“业务创新需要考虑的因素”，即B项表述正确，故选B。 题组二 名校试题精选 Passage 1 【来源】上海交通大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期10月月考英语试题 There are constantly mixed voices from different media as to whether to stop the Olympics. http://camilla.com.au/ The Olympic charter’s call for a “peaceful society” and “preservation of human dignity” is a very noble one, but its means are rather odd. Through fierce athletic competition between nations, the Olympic rivalries between athletes probably play very little role in their society anyway. The Olympics is an arena for individual achievement; however, if someone is to win a race, others must lose. Emphasis is not placed on athletes improving their personal best but on who wins. Having many nations come together shows worldwide solidarity (团结), nations united by their athletes in Lycra and branded shoes. The cultures of nations are shown by little more than flag waving and the appearance of their mascots (吉祥物). The Guardian The original spirit of the Olympics was supposedly that of sporting competition between amateurs, who competed for the honor of doing so, and to test themselves against the best sportspeople worldwide. However, the Olympics has become more commercialized. Money and rewards potentially available from excelling on the international stage have served to incentivize not only professionalization, but also cheating. The professed aspirations of the Olympic movement and the reality of the contemporary Olympics are now utterly opposed. The New York Times Citizens of the host city, often uninterested in the Olympic spectacle, can end up footing the bill by paying extra taxes. The construction of Olympic facilities, company investment and the regeneration of areas in host cities can be very disruptive, pricing local residents and shopkeepers out of their areas. Previous Olympics have shown that Olympic resources, when the games are over, do not always benefit the host city. The Olympic sites can become ghost towns, so characteristic of the year they were built in as to be aesthetically odd, impractical, inhospitable and unfashionable a decade later. TIME The athletes competing in the Olympic Games have worked for years, showing dedication to achieving physical greatness. They keep to a strict diet, and put in hundreds of hours training in a week, all for the honor of competing against the best athletes in the world. Besides, individual performance stands here for celebration of collective values, including that of fair competition. Those caught cheating are dealt with harshly, which teaches honesty and dedication to one’s dreams. Above all, countless times the games have instilled hope and togetherness in many. In a world of growing hostility, it’s encouraging to see a sense of peace and togetherness gather every four years. 1．As far as the Olympics are concerned, the website camilla.com.au probably holds that ________. A．emphasizing the result of games motivates athletes to pursue their personal best B．competition between athletes may not make much difference to the whole society C．fierce and odd athletic competition fails to achieve the aim of the Olympic charter D．having various nations come together display togetherness as well as their culture 2．Which of the following problems with the Olympics is NOT mentioned by The Guardian and The New York Times? A．The Olympic sites built in the host city may fall into disuse after the games are over. B．The rewards for winning the game may cause more athletes to train professionally. C．The aspiration to show personal best leads some athletes to win by dishonest means. D．The Olympic Games fail to live up to their original spirit due to over commercialization. 3．According to TIME, the greatest significance of holding the Olympics lies in the fact that ________. A．the Olympics inspire different countries to search for the common ground B．the Olympics instill such virtues as devotion, honesty and fairness in athletes C．the Olympics help to demonstrate the athletes’ persistent struggle for excellence D．the Olympics offer an arena where the Olympic spirit is tested on a global scale 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 【导语】本文围绕是否应当停办奥运会展开，分别摘录四家不同媒体平台的评论，从正反两大立场多角度剖析奥运会的弊端与价值。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“http://camilla.com.au/”部分中“the Olympic rivalries between athletes probably play very little role in their society anyway.(运动员之间的奥运竞争可能对他们所在的社会几乎起不到什么作用)”可知，该网站认为运动员之间的竞争或许对整个社会影响甚微。 2．细节理解题。根据“The New York Times”部分中“Previous Olympics have shown that Olympic resources, when the games are over, do not always benefit the host city. The Olympic sites can become ghost towns, so characteristic of the year they were built in as to be aesthetically odd, impractical, inhospitable and unfashionable a decade later.(往届奥运会表明，奥运会结束后，奥运资源并不总是有利于主办城市。奥运场馆可能会变成鬼城，因为它们建成那年的特色如此鲜明，以至于十年后在美学上显得古怪、不实用、不适宜居住、不时尚。)”可知，《纽约时报》提到，奥运会结束后在主办城市建造的奥运场馆可能会被废弃，A项正确。根据“The Guardian”部分中“However, the Olympics has become more commercialized. Money and rewards potentially available from excelling on the international stage have served to incentivize not only professionalization, but also cheating. The professed aspirations of the Olympic movement and the reality of the contemporary Olympics are now utterly opposed.(然而，奥运会已经变得更加商业化。在国际舞台上表现出色可能带来的金钱和奖励不仅激励了职业化，也激励了作弊。奥林匹克运动的公开愿望和当代奥林匹克的现实现在是完全对立的。)”可知，《卫报》提到获胜奖励可能导致更多运动员接受职业化训练，也会诱发作弊，奥运会因过度商业化未能实现其最初精神；C选项“渴望展示个人最佳促使一些运动员用不诚实的手段获胜”并未提及。 3．细节理解题。根据“TIME”部分中最后一段“Above all, countless times the games have instilled hope and togetherness in many. In a world of growing hostility, it’s encouraging to see a sense of peace and togetherness gather every four years(最重要的是，奥运会无数次给许多人注入了希望和团结。在一个敌意日益增长的世界里，每四年看到一次和平与团结的凝聚是令人鼓舞的。)”可知，《时代周刊》认为奥运会最大意义在于激发不同国家寻找共同点（团结与和平）。 Passage 2 【来源】上海市长宁区仙霞高级中学2025-2026学年3月第二学期高三英语练习卷 It started during yoga class. She felt a strange pull on her neck, a sensation completely foreign to her. Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. It turned out that she was having a heart attack. She didn’t look like someone of a heart attack. She exercised, did not smoke, watched her plate. But on reviewing her medical history, I found that her cholesterol (胆固醇) level was sky high. She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin (他汀) medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about statins on the internet. She was the victim of fake medical news. While misinformation has been the object of great attention in politics, medical misinformation might have an even greater body count. As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the internet — and they have very real impacts. False medical information can also lead to patients experiencing greater side effects through the “nocebo effect”. Sometimes patients benefit from certain treatment or medication simply because they believe they will. The nocebo effect is the opposite: Patients can experience negative effects just because they expect them. This is very true of statins. In blinded trials, patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo (安慰剂). Yet, in clinical practice, according to one study, almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects, leading many to discontinue the drugs. Silicon Valley needs to own this problem. When human health is at risk, perhaps search engines, social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information. The scientific community needs to do its part to educate the public about key concepts in research, such as the difference between observational studies and higher-quality randomized trials (随机对照试验). Finally, journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information. News sites are more likely to cover catchy observational studies than randomized controlled trials, perhaps because the latter are less likely to produce surprising results. Such coverage can overstate benefits, claiming for example, that statins could cure cancer; it can also unduly emphasize potential risks, such as suggesting a misleading connection with dementia (痴呆). 4．The lady’s experience of a heart attack is mentioned in paragraph 1 and 2 in order to . A．introduce the topic B．warn against a disease C．explain an established theory D．highlight the writer’s opinion 5．Which of the following examples best illustrates the‌ “nocebo effect”? A．You feel better after taking the medicine that you think will work. B．You feel dizzy after taking the medicine that you believe has side effects. C．You have a fever after taking the medicine even if you know it is harmless. D．You have a headache after taking the medicine even if the doctor says it’s safe. 6．According to the writer, what should journalists do? A．Use as few social media platforms as possible. B．Educate the public about key medical ideas. C．Report as complete a story as possible. D．Spread more benefits than risks. 7．Which of the following is the best title of the passage? A．Doctor Internet is a Liar B．Why‌ “Nocebo Effect” Works C．Watch out for Partial Coverage D．Stand up for Better Human Health 【答案】4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过一位女性因网络虚假医疗信息而拒绝服用降胆固醇药物最终导致心脏病的案例，揭示了医疗虚假信息对健康的危害，并呼吁科技公司、科学界和媒体共同应对这一问题。 【详解】4．推理判断题。根据第一段“It started during yoga class. She felt a strange pull on her neck, a sensation completely foreign to her. Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room. It turned out that she was having a heart attack. (事情始于瑜伽课上。她感到脖子上有一种奇怪的拉扯感，一种完全陌生的感觉。她的朋友建议她赶紧去急诊室。结果发现她心脏病发作了)”和第二段中“She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin (他汀) medication, but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about statins on the internet. She was the victim of fake medical news. (医生给她开了降胆固醇的他汀类药物，但她因为在网上看到关于他汀的可怕信息，一直没有去取药。她成了虚假医疗新闻的受害者)”可知，作者提及该案例是为了引出“医疗虚假信息”这一话题。故选A项。 5．推理判断题。根据第四段中“The nocebo effect is the opposite: Patients can experience negative effects just because they expect them. (反安慰剂效应则相反：患者仅仅因为预期会出现负面效果，就会经历这些负面效果)”可知，反安慰剂效应是指患者因预期会出现副作用而确实感受到了副作用。选项B“You feel dizzy after taking the medicine that you believe has side effects. (你在服用你认为有副作用的药物后感到头晕)”正是这一效应的体现。故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Finally, journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information. (最后，记者可以更好地传播准确信息)”以及“Such coverage can overstate benefits, claiming for example, that statins could cure cancer; it can also unduly emphasize potential risks, such as suggesting a misleading connection with dementia (痴呆). (此类报道可能夸大益处，例如声称他汀类药物可以治愈癌症；也可能过度强调潜在风险，例如暗示与痴呆症之间存在误导性的关联)”可知，作者认为记者应该尽可能报道完整的故事，避免片面性。故选C项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“She was the victim of fake medical news. (她是虚假医疗新闻的受害者)”以及第三段中“As is true with fake news in general, medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the internet — and they have very real impacts. (与一般虚假新闻一样，医疗谎言在互联网上往往比真相传播得更远——而且它们有着非常真实的影响)”和第四段中“False medical information can also lead to patients experiencing greater side effects through the “nocebo effect”. (虚假医疗信息还可能通过“反安慰剂效应”导致患者经历更严重的副作用)”可知，文章以具体案例引入，分析了网络医疗虚假信息的危害，并呼吁各方采取行动。标题“Doctor Internet is a Liar (互联网医生是个骗子)”形象地概括了网络医疗虚假信息这一核心问题。故选A项。 Passage 3 【来源】上海市格致中学2025-2026学年高三上学期期中英语试卷 I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough? These thoughts often distracted me, especially in meetings or social events. I had a whole inner self-talk going on in my head. Every facial expression and comment from others seemed full of hidden meaning. I would polish these “truths” about myself like shiny little stones and carry them around. It was exhausting. But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are. Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others. For example, if crowds make you uncomfortable, you might assume someone else disliked a big party — when in fact, they may have loved it. Brain imaging has also shown that the “default network” of our brain lights up when we are at rest, and it is the same area that activates when we think about ourselves. In other words, our mind’s natural state is self-focus. So when I worry that people think I’m too intense, who is really thinking that? Me. The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. This doesn’t mean people will never judge or say harsh things. But often, their judgments aren’t truly about us. People are frequently the most critical of qualities in others that they feel insecure about in themselves. The freedom comes when we stop internalizing others’ words and start asking, “What does this reveal about them?” Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating. 8．What was the writer mainly concerned about in the beginning? A．Why social events were often exhausting. B．Why people were speaking to themselves. C．How his words and behaviour were perceived. D．How well people remembered his achievements. 9．What do later studies suggest about people’s judgement of others? A．They pay attention to others’ feedback. B．They rely mainly on logic and evidence. C．They often draw on personal experience. D．They enjoy guessing others’ likes and dislikes. 10．What does the phrase “a blip” (paragraph 4) most probably mean? A．Something small and unimportant. B．A major event that is well recorded. C．Something that attracts most people. D．A common topic people like to discuss. 11．Which of the following might be the best title for the passage? A．The Danger of Self-Focused Thinking B．No One Is Really Thinking About You C．Finding Freedom from Constant Self-Judgment D．Why We Worry Too Much About Others’ Opinions 【答案】8．C 9．C 10．A 11．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕“人们过度在意他人对自己的评价”这一现象展开，结合研究结果指出大多数人更关注自身，他人对我们的注意力远不如我们想象中多，最终倡导人们摆脱对他人评价的过度纠结，获得内心自由。 【详解】8．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I used to spend a lot of time worrying about how other people judged me. Did I say too much? Too little? Was I too intense, or not fun enough?(我过去常常花很多时间担心别人如何评价我。我说得太多了吗？太少了？我是不是太强势了，或者不够有趣？)”可知，作者一开始主要关心的是自己的言行举止如何被他人看待。故选C项。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Later studies confirmed this pattern. Psychologists found that we use our own experiences as an anchor when judging others.(后续研究证实了这一规律。心理学家发现，我们在评判他人时会以自己的经历为依据。)”可知，后续研究表明人们对他人的评判往往基于个人经验。故选C项。 10．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“The truth is, we have no idea what others are actually thinking, and we never will. Most likely, they are busy wondering what others think about them. I’m just a blip on the radar of their thoughts. (事实是，我们永远不知道别人真正在想什么。他们很可能正忙着担心别人对自己的看法。我在他们的思绪里，不过是a blip罢了。)”可知，他人的注意力都集中在自己身上，我们在他们的思绪中并不重要。由此推测“a blip”意为“微小且不重要的事物”。故选A项。 11．主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“But research shows that most people are not really thinking about us. In fact, studies have found that about 78% of conversations are people talking about themselves. The main function of conversation, researchers said, is to let the speakers share information about who they are.(但研究表明，大多数人其实并没有在真正关注我们。事实上，研究发现约78%的对话中，人们都是在谈论自己。研究人员表示，对话的主要作用是让说话者分享关于自身的信息。)”以及最后一段中的“Realizing that most people’s thoughts center on themselves is incredibly liberating.(意识到大多数人的思绪都聚焦在他们自己身上，这一点能让人获得极大的解脱。)”可知，文章核心围绕“大多数人并不会真正关注他人”展开，通过研究和分析指出他人的思维以自我为中心，因此最适合的标题是“没有人真的在思考你”。故选B项。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $