Unit 4 Role Models(复习讲义)英语新教材北师大版八年级上册
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摘要:
该初中英语Unit 4 Role Models复习讲义通过表格系统梳理复习要点与重难点,用知识框架图呈现30个核心词汇、16个重点短语及15个句型的内在联系,语法部分以表格归纳反身代词人称变化,清晰展示动词ing用法及used to结构,构建完整知识脉络。
讲义亮点在于分层练习设计,如单词拼写巩固"坚持练习"等固定搭配,语法填空通过钱学森、袁隆平等榜样事迹提升综合运用能力,结合语言能力培养(词汇辨析、句型运用)与思维品质(分析榜样品质),帮助基础学生掌握方法、优秀学生深入探究,支持自主复习与教师精准教学。
内容正文:
Unit 4 Role Models(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕“Role Models”主题,掌握运动相关词汇、短语和句子
3、能用掌握本单元重点知识点
3、写作任务是“榜样”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型介绍自己的榜样。与此相关的写作维度有:
介绍你的榜样的基本情况、他/她最值得学习的品质、你打算如何向他/她学习等
复习重难点
1.反身代词
2.Verb + v-ing(1)
3.Used to
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
一.重点单词
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1. v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏
2. adj.热到沸点的,沸腾的;炽热的,很热的
3. adj.木制的,木头的
4. vt.出版,发行;(在报刊)发表,刊登,登载
5. vi.到达,抵达;发生,到来
6. vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应
7. vt.& vi.落下,掉下,放弃
8. vt.代替;替换
9. vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住
10. adj.志愿的,自愿性的,义务性的
11. adj.快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的
12. adj.工作努力的,辛勤的
13. adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的
14. adj.注意力集中的;目标明确的
15. vt.选择,挑选;采,摘
16. vt. & vi.去...远足,做徒步旅行 n.远足,徒步旅行
17. adj.基本的,基础的
18. n.医疗(服务)
19. adj.医学的,医疗的
20. adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的
21. adv.在国外,到国外
22. n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见
23. n.毕业;毕业典礼
24. n.工作场所
25. v.提供;供应;给予
26. adj.可能,能做到(或取得)
27. v.完成,结束adj.全部的,完整的,整个的
28. n.知识,学问,学识
29. vt.& vi.不及格;失败,未能(做到)
30. vt.&vi.欢呼,喝彩,加油;鼓励,鼓舞
二.重点短语
1. 处于危险之中
2. 远足,徒步旅行
3. 楷模,行为榜样
4. 坚持(做某事,不怕困难)
5. (使)变得更高兴,振奋起来
6. 人
7. 拿起,提起;接人
8. 前进
9. 过桥
10. 掉下河
11. 到达
12. 冒着生命危险
13. 接受医疗检查
14. 检查我们的健康状况
15. 提供医疗服务
16. 增加医疗设备
三.重点句子
1.She a high school and has many girls from poor families to go to school.她创办了一所高中,帮助很多贫困家庭的女孩上学。
2.They all, , changed the world or people's lives.她们都以这样或那样的方式改变了世界,改善了人们的生活。
3. they are gone, people won't them. 虽然她们已经走了,但人们不会忘记她们。
4.Who would be to cross on the chains and put themselves ? 谁会如此疯狂,单枪匹马地冲过铁链,把自己置于极大的危险之中?
5.The soldiers on the bridge not their lives. 桥上的士兵们不怕牺牲生命
6.They fought the enemy couldn't their eyes. 他们英勇顽强地战斗,使敌人不敢相信自己的眼睛。
7.Osei Boateng people in his community struggle to get basic healthcare. 奥塞·博阿滕曾经看到社区里的人们为获得基本医疗保健而斗争。
8.Knowing that him.他知道这对他是多么痛苦。
9." their workplace they're losing money and can't put food on the table." He then realised “ people to go to the doctor wasn't the answer".“离开他们的工作场所意味着他们失去了钱,无法把食物放在餐桌上。”他随后意识到,“告诉人们去看医生并不是解决问题的办法”。
10.My mum is my role model. She's always about life, and makes herself an person both at home and at work.我妈妈是我的榜样。她总是对生活充满欢乐,在家里和工作中都使自己成为一个了不起的人。
11.She likes to time us whenever and makes everyone feel warm, relaxed and happy. 她喜欢尽可能地和我们在一起,让每个人都感到温暖、轻松和快乐。
12.At work, people really like her she is always and easy to work with. 在工作中,人们真的很喜欢她,因为她总是乐于助人,而且很容易合作。
13.When there is a difficult , she never says "no". Instead, she
it. 当有困难的任务时,她从不说“不”。相反,她会想出创造性的方法来完成它。
14. , she keeps new things to stay with knowledge.更重要的是,她不断学习新东西来保持知识的更新。
15.I want to be just her when I .我希望长大后也能像她一样。
四.知识点解析
知识点1:admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏
核心用法:及物动词;admire sb. 钦佩某人;admire sth. 欣赏某物
固定搭配:admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人
例句:I him for his hard‑working spirit.我钦佩他勤奋的精神。
词形变化:admiration n. 钦佩,赞赏
例句:She looked at the painting with .她满怀赞赏地看着这幅画。
知识点2:boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ adj. 沸腾的;炽热的,很热的
核心用法:形容词,修饰名词;boiling water 沸水
辨析:boiling(沸腾的,正在沸腾);boiled(煮沸过的)
例句:Be careful with the water.小心沸水。
词形变化:boil v. 煮沸,沸腾
例句:The water is . 水正在沸腾。
对比:
boiling water 沸水(正在沸腾)
boiled water 开水(已经烧开)
知识点3:wooden /ˈwʊdn/ adj. 木制的,木头的
核心用法:形容词,修饰名词
例句:There is a table in the room.房间里有一张木桌子。
词形变化:wood n. 木头;木材
变形例句:We get from trees. 我们从树木获取木材。
知识点4:publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ vt. 出版,发行;发表,刊登
核心用法:及物动词;publish a book 出版书籍;publish an article 发表文章
例句:He will his new novel next year.他明年将要出版他的新小说。
词形变化:publisher n. 出版商;
publication n. 出版物
例句:This is a new . 这是一本新出版物。
知识点5:arrive /əˈraɪv/ vi. 到达,抵达;到来
固定搭配:arrive in +大地点;arrive at +小地点
例句:We in Beijing yesterday.我们昨天抵达北京。
词形变化:arrival n. 到达
例句:We waited for his . 我们等待他的到来。
对比:
arrive in +城市/国家;arrive at +车站、学校、小地点
同义:reach(及物,直接接宾语);get to +地点
知识点6:offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ vt. 主动提出;提供
核心用法:offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 主动给某人某物;
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
例句:He to help me with my study.他主动提出帮我学习。
词形变化:offered(过去式/过去分词)
例句:She me a gift. 她送给我一份礼物。
辨析:offer(主动自愿提供);provide(提供,侧重供给所需)
知识点7:stick /stɪk/ vt.&vi. 粘贴;卡住
固定搭配:stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事(中考高频!to是介词,后接doing)
例句: the picture on the wall.把画贴在墙上。
词形变化:stuck(过去式/过去分词)
例句:He stuck to every day. 他坚持每天练习。
易错:stick to doing 不是 stick to do
知识点8: cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的,高兴的
词形变化:cheer v.欢呼,鼓励;
cheerfully adv.快乐地
例句:He spoke . 他开心地说话。
She has a smile.她有着欢快的笑容。
知识点9: hard‑working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 工作努力的,辛勤的
词形变化:work hard 动词短语“努力学习/工作”
例句:He hard at his lessons. 他学习很用功。
辨析:hard‑working(形容词,作定语);
work hard(动词短语)
例句:My deskmate is a student.我的同桌是一名勤奋的学生。
知识点10:organised /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的;有组织的(美式organized)
词形变化:organize v.组织;organization n.组织
例句:We a party. 我们组织一场派对。
She is an person.她是一个做事有条理的人。
知识点11:pick /pɪk/ vt. 挑选;采,摘
固定搭配:pick up 捡起;接人;学会;pick out 挑选出
例句:Please a gift for your mother.请为你妈妈挑选一份礼物。
词形变化:picked;picking
例句:He the pen. 他捡起钢笔。
知识点12:basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的,基础的
例句:We need to master skills.我们需要掌握基础技能。
词形变化:base n.基础;basically adv.基本上
例句:This is the knowledge. 这是基础知识。
知识点13:medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的,医疗的
固定搭配:medical care 医疗护理;
medical examination 体检
例句:He needs help.他需要医疗救助。
变化:medicine n.药;医学
例句:Take this . 吃这个药。
知识点14: abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ adv. 在国外,到国外
核心用法:副词,前面不加介词to/in
例句:He wants to study .他想要出国留学。
辨析:go abroad(出国)❌go to abroad(错误)
知识点15:advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n. 劝告,建议
核心用法:不可数名词,没有复数advices
固定搭配:give sb. advice 给某人建议;
ask for advice 寻求建议;
a piece of advice 一条建议
例句:Can you give me some ?你可以给我一些建议吗?
词形变化:advise v.建议;advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
例句:I you to have a rest. 我建议你休息。
对比:
advice(n.不可数);advise(v.)
知识点16:graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ n. 毕业;毕业典礼
例句:We will have a party.我们将要举办毕业派对。
词形变化:graduate v.毕业;graduate from…从……毕业
例句:He from high school. 他高中毕业。
知识点17: provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v. 提供;供应
固定搭配:provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物
例句:The school students books.学校给学生提供书本。
辨析:provide(提供物资);offer(主动提出)
知识点18: possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 可能的
固定搭配:as … as possible 尽可能……
例句:Please come .请尽可能快点来。
词形变化:possibly adv.可能地;
impossible adj.不可能的
例句:It is for him to finish it. 他不可能完成这件事。
知识点19:fail /feɪl/ vt.&vi. 不及格;失败,未能做到
固定搭配:fail (in) the exam 考试不及格;
fail to do sth. 未能做某事(中考重点)
例句:He to pass the test.他没能通过考试。
词形变化:failure n.失败
例句: is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
知识点20: cheer /tʃɪə(r)/ vt.&vi. 欢呼,喝彩;鼓励
固定搭配:cheer up 使振作;
cheer for sb.为某人加油
例句:We our team.我们为我们的队伍加油。
词形变化:cheerful adj.快乐的;cheerfully adv.高兴地
例句: up! Everything will be fine. 振作起来!
单元语法:动词不定式
反身代词的用法
表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself/herself/itself
themselves
反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " (复数加 -selves )构成。
第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self(复数加 -selves )构成。
(1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如:
Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt .(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)
(2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:
The story is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)
反身代词的常用词组:
by oneself(亲自) for oneself(为自己) call oneself(称自己) teach oneself(自学)
help oneself to sth.(随便吃) speak to oneself(自言自语) lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其乐)
动词的ing
一、作动词的宾语
1. 有些动词后面需要接动名词作宾语,这是一种固定的用法,常见的这类动词有: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse / pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅;
admit, delay / put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想;
avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练;
deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏;
forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险;
can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡;
例如:I enjoy to music in my free time.(我业余时间喜欢听音乐。)在这个句子中,“enjoy” 是谓语动词,后面接动名词 “listening” 作宾语。
She finished her essay last night.(她昨晚完成了她的论文。)“finished” 后接动名词 “writing”。
2. 动词 + 疑问词 + 动名词
有些动词(如:ask, consider, decide, discuss, know, show, teach, tell 等)后面可以接 “疑问词 + 动名词” 结构作宾语。
He hasn't decided whether there alone is a good idea.(他还没决定独自去那里是否是个好主意。)
Please teach me how this new software.(请教我如何使用这个新软件。)
二、作介词的宾语
1. 在英语中,介词后面如果需要接动词,通常要用动词的 -ing 形式。
常见的这类词组有: be used to(习惯于);lead to(导致、通向);be good at (擅长于);devote to(致力于、奉献给);stick to(坚持、信守);object to(反对);get down to(开始认真做某事);pay attention to(注意);can’t stand(无法忍受);give up(放弃);feel like(想要;感觉像);insist on(坚持、坚决要求);put off(推迟、拖延);have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难);spend...(in) doing sth.(花费时间、金钱等做某事);There is no point / sense (in) doing sth.(做某事没有意义);have a good / wonderful / hard time (in) doing sth.(做某事过得愉快/艰难);be busy (in) doing sth.(忙于做某事)
例如:He has difficulty advanced math.(他在理解高等数学方面有困难。)“in” 是介词,后接动名词 “understanding”。
He is good at the piano.(他擅长弹钢琴。)“at” 是介词,后接动名词 “playing”。
2. 特殊介词短语后的动名词
“look forward to”(期待)、“pay attention to”(注意)、“get used to”(习惯于)等短语中的 “to” 是介词,后面要接动名词。
I'm looking forward to you soon.(我期待着尽快见到你。)
You should pay attention to these words correctly.(你应该注意正确拼写这些单词。)
He has got used to in the countryside.(他已经习惯了住在农村。)
三、部分动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意义不同
1. remember
remember doing sth. 表示记得做过某事。
I remember the door.(我记得锁门了。)说明门已经锁了这个动作发生过。
remember to do sth. 表示记得去做某事。
Please remember me tonight.(请记得今晚给我打电话。)意味着打电话这个动作还没做。
2. forget
forget doing sth. 表示忘记做过某事。
I forget him before.(我忘了以前见过他。)实际上是见过他,但现在忘记了这个事情。
forget to do sth. 表示忘记去做某事。
Don't forget your book.(别忘了带你的书。)书还没带。
3. stop
stop doing sth. 表示停止正在做的事情。
They stopped when the teacher came in.(老师进来时,他们停止了交谈。)“talking” 是当时正在进行的动作,停止这个动作。
stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做另一件事。
He stopped a rest.(他停下来去休息。)停下原来的事,去做休息这件事。
used to
used to 意为“过去常常”,表示过去的习惯动作或存在的状态,而且这种情况现在已不再存在。to为不定式符号。used to的各种结构为:
(1) 肯定句:主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他
(2) 否定句:主语 + didn’t + use to + 动词原形 + 其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
(3) 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t.
(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
【拓展】be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词
(时间:30分钟)
一.单词拼写
1.If we ________ ________ (坚持) practicing speaking every day, our oral English will improve soon.
2.Some teenagers often keep problems to ________ (他们自己).
3.Travelling helps us understand the world better and increase our ________ (知识) beyond books.
4.My father often ________ (提供) me some valuable advice when I have problems in getting along with others.
5.Jenny’s best friends ________ (粘贴) newspapers all over the wall just now.
6.She _________ _________ (自学) programming during the vacation and created a small game.
7.The ________ (士兵) stood bravely on the watchtower, guarding the city.
8.It seems that the ________ (勤奋的) students can reach success more easily.
9.It is very important to learn ________ (基本的) life skills.
10.Can you give me some ________ (建议) on how to make true friends?
二.正确形式填空
1.I used to ________ (get) up late, but now I get up early.
2.Reading is a good way to improve _________ (me).
3.It is ________ to become a better learner without learning from others. (possible)
4.If she ________ (stick) to the technology, she will get the first prize.
5.Believe in ________ (you) and you will make it if you try your best.
6.—I’m sorry the book you look forward to _________ (not arrive) this morning.
—Well, that’s OK.
7.After leaving university, she ________ to go to a village in Africa to teach English. (voluntary)
8.The children like making houses of _________ (stick) and clay (粘土).
9.It will be fine tomorrow because the stars are ________ (shine) brightly in the clear night sky.
10.After our _________ (arrive) in Lanzhou, we went to Zhongshan Bridge.
三.完成句子
1.刚才我捡起碎片是为了清理垃圾。
I ________ ________ the pieces just now in order to clean up the mess.
2.如果你认为自己的决定是对的,就应该坚持下去。
You should ________ ________ your decisions if you think they are right.
3.面对困难时,我们不应该放弃,而应该对自己说:“我能行!”
When ____________, we shouldn’t give up. Instead, we should ____________: “I can do it!”
4.我的表弟喜欢帮助别人,周末经常去敬老院做志愿工作。
My cousin ________ ________ people and often ________ ________ ________ at the old people’s home on weekends.
5.汤姆非常勤奋,总是制定计划并坚持执行。
Tom is very ________ and always ________ a plan and ________ ________ it.
6.袁隆平拯救了许多人免受饥饿。
Yuan Longping ________ many people ________ ________.
7.榜样们通过实际行动激励他人,比如坚持计划和帮助社区。
Role models ________ ________ by ________ ________ plans and ________ the community.
8.莉莉的榜样每周都做志愿工作,即使下雨也坚持晨跑。
Lily’s role model ________ ________ ________ every week and ________ ________ every morning, even when it rains.
9.坚持目标需要耐心,但榜样们从不轻易放弃。
________ ________goals requires patience, but role models________ ________ ________ easily.
10.我的邻居每天练习篮球,他是我学习的榜样。
My neighbour ________ basketball every day, and he ________ ________ ________ ________ for me.
三.语法填空
A
On 7th September, 1950, some American officers arrived at Qian Xuesen’s home. They took him to an island and kept him there. They did this because Qian Xuesen was planning 1 (return) to China.
Qian Xuesen had a 2 (success) career in the USA, but when he heard about the founding of the People’s Republic of China, he decided to go back and help his country himself. However, the USA refused to let him leave because he was a 3 (value) scientist. Qian Xuesen struggled for five years, and he did not give up. 4 (final), in 1955, he managed to get back to China.
As soon as he returned, Qian Xuesen started a satellite and missile programme. He worked day and night and his hard work paid off. Five years later, he and his team 5 (test) the first Chinese missiles. In 1970, China sent the first satellite into space. This was the beginning of China’s space programme.
Qian Xuesen also set up a science centre in China. He trained many people there and they are now great rocket scientists 6 (they). The science centre has become one of the best in the world.
During his life, Qian Xuesen received many awards. In 1991, he received the award for National Outstanding Contributing Scientist. He died in 2009. People always remember him as “the father of China’s missile and space programme”. He once said, “I plan to do my best 7 (help) the Chinese people build up a nation where they can live with dignity and 8 (happy).”
B
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping (1930-2021) was a world-famous Chinese agricultural scientist. People call him 1 “Father of Hybrid Rice.” He spent his whole life 2 (develop) new kinds of rice.
In the early 1960s, Yuan began his research, 3 the key breakthrough did not come until 1964, when he discovered a special natural rice plant in Hainan. After many 4 (year) of hard work, in 1973, he and his team successfully developed the world’s 5 (one) hybrid rice. The yield (产量) increased 6 (great), from about 150 kg to over 500 kg per mu.
Thanks to their work, China has been able to feed its large population. 7 addition, since the 1970s, his work 8 (help) to feed people in many other parts of the world. Farmers in a lot of countries now grow his hybrid rice.
Yuan won many awards for his research, including one of China’s 9 (high) honors, the Medal of the Republic. Yuan passed away in 2021. People in China and around the world remember 10 (he) as a hero. His work and spirit continue to inspire us all.
$Unit 4 Role Models(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕“Role Models”主题,掌握运动相关词汇、短语和句子
3、能用掌握本单元重点知识点
3、写作任务是“榜样”,要求学生能用所学的词汇和句型介绍自己的榜样。与此相关的写作维度有:
介绍你的榜样的基本情况、他/她最值得学习的品质、你打算如何向他/她学习等
复习重难点
1.反身代词
2.Verb + v-ing(1)
3.Used to
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
一.重点单词
6
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1.admire v.钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏
2.boiling adj.热到沸点的,沸腾的;炽热的,很热的
3.wooden adj.木制的,木头的
4.publish vt.出版,发行;(在报刊)发表,刊登,登载
5.arrive vi.到达,抵达;发生,到来
6.offer vt.主动提出,自愿给予;提供(东西或机会),供应
7.drop vt.& vi.落下,掉下,放弃
8.replace vt.代替;替换
9.stick vt.&vi.粘贴,粘住;卡住
10.voluntary adj.志愿的,自愿性的,义务性的
11.cheerful adj.快乐的,高兴的,兴高采烈的
12.hard-working adj.工作努力的,辛勤的
13.organised adj.有条理的,有效率的;有组织的,系统的
14.focused adj.注意力集中的;目标明确的
15.pick vt.选择,挑选;采,摘
16.hike vt. & vi.去...远足,做徒步旅行 n.远足,徒步旅行
17.basic adj.基本的,基础的
18.healthcare n.医疗(服务)
19.medical adj.医学的,医疗的
20.painful adj.令人痛苦(或难过、难堪)的;令人疼痛的
21.abroad adv.在国外,到国外
22.advice n.劝告,忠告,建议,意见
23.graduation n.毕业;毕业典礼
24.workplace n.工作场所
25.provide v.提供;供应;给予
26.possible adj.可能,能做到(或取得)
27.complete v.完成,结束adj.全部的,完整的,整个的
28.knowledge n.知识,学问,学识
29.fail vt.& vi.不及格;失败,未能(做到)
30.cheer vt.&vi.欢呼,喝彩,加油;鼓励,鼓舞
二.重点短语
1.in danger 处于危险之中
2.go hiking远足,徒步旅行
3.role model楷模,行为榜样
4.stick to坚持(做某事,不怕困难)
5.cheer up(使)变得更高兴,振奋起来
6.human being人
7.pick up拿起,提起;接人
8.move forward 前进
9.get over the bridge过桥
10.drop into the river 掉下河
11.arrive at到达
12.risk their lives冒着生命危险
13.get medical tests接受医疗检查
14.check how healthy we are检查我们的健康状况
15.provide healthcare 提供医疗服务
16.add medical equipment增加医疗设备
三.重点句子
1.She set up a high school and has helped many girls from poor families to go to school.她创办了一所高中,帮助很多贫困家庭的女孩上学。
2.They all, in one way or another, changed the world or improved people's lives.她们都以这样或那样的方式改变了世界,改善了人们的生活。
3.Although they are gone, people won't forget them. 虽然她们已经走了,但人们不会忘记她们。
4.Who would be so crazy to cross on the chains alone and put themselves in great danger? 谁会如此疯狂,单枪匹马地冲过铁链,把自己置于极大的危险之中?
5.The soldiers on the bridge were not afraid of losing their lives. 桥上的士兵们不怕牺牲生命
6.They fought so hard and bravely that the enemy couldn't believe their eyes. 他们英勇顽强地战斗,使敌人不敢相信自己的眼睛。
7.Osei Boateng used to watch people in his community struggle to get basic healthcare. 奥塞·博阿滕曾经看到社区里的人们为获得基本医疗保健而斗争。
8.Knowing that was so painful for him.他知道这对他是多么痛苦。
9."Leaving their workplace means they're losing money and can't put food on the table." He then realised “telling people to go to the doctor wasn't the answer".“离开他们的工作场所意味着他们失去了钱,无法把食物放在餐桌上。”他随后意识到,“告诉人们去看医生并不是解决问题的办法”。
10.My mum is my role model. She's always cheerful about life, and makes herself an amazing person both at home and at work.我妈妈是我的榜样。她总是对生活充满欢乐,在家里和工作中都使自己成为一个了不起的人。
11.She likes to spend time with us whenever possible and makes everyone feel warm, relaxed and happy. 她喜欢尽可能地和我们在一起,让每个人都感到温暖、轻松和快乐。
12.At work, people really like her because she is always helpful and easy to work with. 在工作中,人们真的很喜欢她,因为她总是乐于助人,而且很容易合作。
13.When there is a difficult task, she never says "no". Instead, she thinks of creative ways to complete it. 当有困难的任务时,她从不说“不”。相反,她会想出创造性的方法来完成它。
14.What's more, she keeps learning new things to stay updated with knowledge.更重要的是,她不断学习新东西来保持知识的更新。
15.I want to be just like her when I grow up.我希望长大后也能像她一样。
四.知识点解析
知识点1:admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩,赞赏,仰慕;欣赏
核心用法:及物动词;admire sb. 钦佩某人;admire sth. 欣赏某物
固定搭配:admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人
例句:I admire him for his hard‑working spirit.我钦佩他勤奋的精神。
词形变化:admiration n. 钦佩,赞赏
例句:She looked at the painting with admiration.她满怀赞赏地看着这幅画。
知识点2:boiling /ˈbɔɪlɪŋ/ adj. 沸腾的;炽热的,很热的
核心用法:形容词,修饰名词;boiling water 沸水
辨析:boiling(沸腾的,正在沸腾);boiled(煮沸过的)
例句:Be careful with the boiling water.小心沸水。
词形变化:boil v. 煮沸,沸腾
例句:The water is boiling. 水正在沸腾。
对比:
boiling water 沸水(正在沸腾)
boiled water 开水(已经烧开)
知识点3:wooden /ˈwʊdn/ adj. 木制的,木头的
核心用法:形容词,修饰名词
例句:There is a wooden table in the room.房间里有一张木桌子。
词形变化:wood n. 木头;木材
变形例句:We get wood from trees. 我们从树木获取木材。
知识点4:publish /ˈpʌblɪʃ/ vt. 出版,发行;发表,刊登
核心用法:及物动词;publish a book 出版书籍;publish an article 发表文章
例句:He will publish his new novel next year.他明年将要出版他的新小说。
词形变化:publisher n. 出版商;
publication n. 出版物
例句:This is a new publication. 这是一本新出版物。
知识点5:arrive /əˈraɪv/ vi. 到达,抵达;到来
固定搭配:arrive in +大地点;arrive at +小地点
例句:We arrived in Beijing yesterday.我们昨天抵达北京。
词形变化:arrival n. 到达
例句:We waited for his arrival. 我们等待他的到来。
对比:
arrive in +城市/国家;arrive at +车站、学校、小地点
同义:reach(及物,直接接宾语);get to +地点
知识点6:offer /ˈɒfə(r)/ vt. 主动提出;提供
核心用法:offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 主动给某人某物;
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
例句:He offered to help me with my study.他主动提出帮我学习。
词形变化:offered(过去式/过去分词)
例句:She offered me a gift. 她送给我一份礼物。
辨析:offer(主动自愿提供);provide(提供,侧重供给所需)
知识点7:stick /stɪk/ vt.&vi. 粘贴;卡住
固定搭配:stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事(中考高频!to是介词,后接doing)
例句:Stick the picture on the wall.把画贴在墙上。
词形变化:stuck(过去式/过去分词)
例句:He stuck to practicing every day. 他坚持每天练习。
易错:stick to doing 不是 stick to do
知识点8: cheerful /ˈtʃɪəfl/ adj. 快乐的,高兴的
词形变化:cheer v.欢呼,鼓励;
cheerfully adv.快乐地
例句:He spoke cheerfully. 他开心地说话。
She has a cheerful smile.她有着欢快的笑容。
知识点9: hard‑working /ˌhɑːd ˈwɜːkɪŋ/ adj. 工作努力的,辛勤的
词形变化:work hard 动词短语“努力学习/工作”
例句:He works hard at his lessons. 他学习很用功。
辨析:hard‑working(形容词,作定语);
work hard(动词短语)
例句:My deskmate is a hard‑working student.我的同桌是一名勤奋的学生。
知识点10:organised /ˈɔːɡənaɪzd/ adj. 有条理的;有组织的(美式organized)
词形变化:organize v.组织;organization n.组织
例句:We organize a party. 我们组织一场派对。
She is an organised person.她是一个做事有条理的人。
知识点11:pick /pɪk/ vt. 挑选;采,摘
固定搭配:pick up 捡起;接人;学会;pick out 挑选出
例句:Please pick a gift for your mother.请为你妈妈挑选一份礼物。
词形变化:picked;picking
例句:He picked up the pen. 他捡起钢笔。
知识点12:basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的,基础的
例句:We need to master basic skills.我们需要掌握基础技能。
词形变化:base n.基础;basically adv.基本上
例句:This is the basic knowledge. 这是基础知识。
知识点13:medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的,医疗的
固定搭配:medical care 医疗护理;
medical examination 体检
例句:He needs medical help.他需要医疗救助。
变化:medicine n.药;医学
例句:Take this medicine. 吃这个药。
知识点14: abroad /əˈbrɔːd/ adv. 在国外,到国外
核心用法:副词,前面不加介词to/in
例句:He wants to study abroad.他想要出国留学。
辨析:go abroad(出国)❌go to abroad(错误)
知识点15:advice /ədˈvaɪs/ n. 劝告,建议
核心用法:不可数名词,没有复数advices
固定搭配:give sb. advice 给某人建议;
ask for advice 寻求建议;
a piece of advice 一条建议
例句:Can you give me some advice?你可以给我一些建议吗?
词形变化:advise v.建议;advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事
例句:I advise you to have a rest. 我建议你休息。
对比:
advice(n.不可数);advise(v.)
知识点16:graduation /ˌɡrædʒuˈeɪʃn/ n. 毕业;毕业典礼
例句:We will have a graduation party.我们将要举办毕业派对。
词形变化:graduate v.毕业;graduate from…从……毕业
例句:He graduated from high school. 他高中毕业。
知识点17: provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v. 提供;供应
固定搭配:provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 给某人提供某物
例句:The school provides students with books.学校给学生提供书本。
辨析:provide(提供物资);offer(主动提出)
知识点18: possible /ˈpɒsəbl/ adj. 可能的
固定搭配:as … as possible 尽可能……
例句:Please come as soon as possible.请尽可能快点来。
词形变化:possibly adv.可能地;
impossible adj.不可能的
例句:It is impossible for him to finish it. 他不可能完成这件事。
知识点19:fail /feɪl/ vt.&vi. 不及格;失败,未能做到
固定搭配:fail (in) the exam 考试不及格;
fail to do sth. 未能做某事(中考重点)
例句:He failed to pass the test.他没能通过考试。
词形变化:failure n.失败
例句:Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。
知识点20: cheer /tʃɪə(r)/ vt.&vi. 欢呼,喝彩;鼓励
固定搭配:cheer up 使振作;
cheer for sb.为某人加油
例句:We cheer for our team.我们为我们的队伍加油。
词形变化:cheerful adj.快乐的;cheerfully adv.高兴地
例句:Cheer up! Everything will be fine. 振作起来!
单元语法:动词不定式
反身代词的用法
表示我自己,你自己,他自己,我们自己,你们自己,他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。
人称
单数
复数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself/herself/itself
themselves
反身代词第一,二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 "-self " (复数加 -selves )构成。
第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式-self(复数加 -selves )构成。
(1)反身代词在句子中作宾语表示反射(指一个动作回到该动作执行者本身)。如:
Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)
(2)在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:
The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)
反身代词的常用词组:
by oneself(亲自) for oneself(为自己) call oneself(称自己) teach oneself(自学)
help oneself to sth.(随便吃) speak to oneself(自言自语) lose oneself(迷路) enjoy oneself(自得其乐)
动词的ing
一、作动词的宾语
1. 有些动词后面需要接动名词作宾语,这是一种固定的用法,常见的这类动词有: consider, suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse / pardon ; 考虑建议盼原谅;
admit, delay / put off, fancy; 承认推迟没得想;
avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practise; 避免错过继续练;
deny, finish, enjoy / appreciate; 否认完成就欣赏;
forbid, imagine, risk; 禁止想象才冒险;
can’t help, mind, allow / permit, escape; 不禁介意准逃亡;
例如:I enjoy listening to music in my free time.(我业余时间喜欢听音乐。)在这个句子中,“enjoy” 是谓语动词,后面接动名词 “listening” 作宾语。
She finished writing her essay last night.(她昨晚完成了她的论文。)“finished” 后接动名词 “writing”。
2. 动词 + 疑问词 + 动名词
有些动词(如:ask, consider, decide, discuss, know, show, teach, tell 等)后面可以接 “疑问词 + 动名词” 结构作宾语。
He hasn't decided whether going there alone is a good idea.(他还没决定独自去那里是否是个好主意。)
Please teach me how using this new software.(请教我如何使用这个新软件。)
二、作介词的宾语
1. 在英语中,介词后面如果需要接动词,通常要用动词的 -ing 形式。
常见的这类词组有: be used to(习惯于);lead to(导致、通向);be good at (擅长于);devote to(致力于、奉献给);stick to(坚持、信守);object to(反对);get down to(开始认真做某事);pay attention to(注意);can’t stand(无法忍受);give up(放弃);feel like(想要;感觉像);insist on(坚持、坚决要求);put off(推迟、拖延);have difficulty /trouble (in) doing sth.(做某事有困难);spend...(in) doing sth.(花费时间、金钱等做某事);There is no point / sense (in) doing sth.(做某事没有意义);have a good / wonderful / hard time (in) doing sth.(做某事过得愉快/艰难);be busy (in) doing sth.(忙于做某事)
例如:He has difficulty understanding advanced math.(他在理解高等数学方面有困难。)“in” 是介词,后接动名词 “understanding”。
He is good at playing the piano.(他擅长弹钢琴。)“at” 是介词,后接动名词 “playing”。
2. 特殊介词短语后的动名词
“look forward to”(期待)、“pay attention to”(注意)、“get used to”(习惯于)等短语中的 “to” 是介词,后面要接动名词。
I'm looking forward to seeing you soon.(我期待着尽快见到你。)
You should pay attention to spelling these words correctly.(你应该注意正确拼写这些单词。)
He has got used to living in the countryside.(他已经习惯了住在农村。)
三、部分动词后接动名词和不定式作宾语时意义不同
1. remember
remember doing sth. 表示记得做过某事。
I remember locking the door.(我记得锁门了。)说明门已经锁了这个动作发生过。
remember to do sth. 表示记得去做某事。
Please remember to call me tonight.(请记得今晚给我打电话。)意味着打电话这个动作还没做。
2. forget
forget doing sth. 表示忘记做过某事。
I forget meeting him before.(我忘了以前见过他。)实际上是见过他,但现在忘记了这个事情。
forget to do sth. 表示忘记去做某事。
Don't forget to bring your book.(别忘了带你的书。)书还没带。
3. stop
stop doing sth. 表示停止正在做的事情。
They stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时,他们停止了交谈。)“talking” 是当时正在进行的动作,停止这个动作。
stop to do sth. 表示停下来去做另一件事。
He stopped to have a rest.(他停下来去休息。)停下原来的事,去做休息这件事。
used to
used to 意为“过去常常”,表示过去的习惯动作或存在的状态,而且这种情况现在已不再存在。to为不定式符号。used to的各种结构为:
(1) 肯定句:主语 + used to + 动词原形 + 其他
(2) 否定句:主语 + didn’t + use to + 动词原形 + 其他
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
(3) 一般疑问句:Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t.
(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形 + 其他?
【拓展】be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯做某事”,to为介词,后接名词、代词或动名词
(时间:30分钟)
一.单词拼写
1.If we ________ ________ (坚持) practicing speaking every day, our oral English will improve soon.
【答案】 stick to
【详解】句意:如果我们坚持每天练习口语,我们的英语口语很快会进步。根据汉语提示可知,stick to“坚持”;本句为if引导的条件状语从句,时态遵循主将从现,即主句为一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表将来,主语“we”为复数,故谓语动词用原形。故填stick to。
2.Some teenagers often keep problems to ________ (他们自己).
【答案】themselves
【详解】句意:一些青少年经常把问题闷在心里。keep sth. to oneself不把某事告诉别人,保守秘密,是固定短语,themselves他们自己。故填themselves。
3.Travelling helps us understand the world better and increase our ________ (知识) beyond books.
【答案】knowledge
【详解】句意:旅行帮助我们更好地理解世界,并增长我们书本以外的知识。 “知识”knowledge,是不可数名词。故填knowledge。
4.My father often ________ (提供) me some valuable advice when I have problems in getting along with others.
【答案】offers
【详解】句意:当我与他人相处遇到问题时,父亲常常提供给我一些宝贵的建议。根据“My father often ... me some valuable advice”及中文提示“提供”可知,此处应填表示“提供”的动词;主语“My father”是第三人称单数,且“often”表明为一般现在时,动词需用第三人称单数形式。offer“提供”符合句意,其第三人称单数为offers。故填offers。
5.Jenny’s best friends ________ (粘贴) newspapers all over the wall just now.
【答案】stuck
【详解】句意:珍妮最好的朋友们刚才把报纸粘贴在墙上。stick“粘贴”,根据“just now”可知,时态是一般过去时,动词用过去式stuck。故填stuck。
6.She _________ _________ (自学) programming during the vacation and created a small game.
【答案】 taught herself
【详解】句意:她在假期自学编程并制作了一个小游戏。“自学”常见表达为“teach oneself”,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,要用一般过去时,“teach”的过去式是“taught”;主语是“She”,对应的反身代词是“herself”。故填taught;herself。
7.The ________ (士兵) stood bravely on the watchtower, guarding the city.
【答案】soldier
【详解】句意:这名士兵勇敢地站在瞭望塔上,守卫着城市。根据汉语提示可知,“士兵”译为soldier,为可数名词;此处由the修饰,应用单数形式。故填soldier。
8.It seems that the ________ (勤奋的) students can reach success more easily.
【答案】hard-working/diligent
【详解】句意:似乎勤奋的学生更容易获得成功。“勤奋的”对应的英文形容词是hard-working/diligent,意为“勤奋的、努力的”,可直接修饰名词“students”,故填hard-working/diligent。
9.It is very important to learn ________ (基本的) life skills.
【答案】basic
【详解】句意:学习基本的生活技能是非常重要的。基本的:basic,形容词作定语修饰“life skills”。故填basic。
10.Can you give me some ________ (建议) on how to make true friends?
【答案】suggestions/advice
【详解】句意:你能给我一些关于如何交到真正的朋友的建议吗?根据中文提示可知,“advice”和“suggestion”都有“建议”的意思,“advice”是不可数名词,“suggestion”是可数名词;在该句子中,“some”既可以修饰可数名词复数,也可以修饰不可数名词,所以这里既可以填“advice”,也可以填“suggestions”。故填suggestions/advice。
二.正确形式填空
1.I used to ________ (get) up late, but now I get up early.
【答案】get
【详解】句意:我过去起床很晚,但现在我起床很早。used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,此处指过去常常起床很晚;get up表示“起床”。
2.Reading is a good way to improve _________ (me).
【答案】myself
【详解】句意:阅读是提升我自己的好方法。句中“improve”后需接反身代词,表示“提升自己”,me的反身代词为myself,故填myself。
3.It is ________ to become a better learner without learning from others. (possible)
【答案】impossible
【详解】句意:不向他人学习,是不可能成为更好的学习者的。possible“可能的”,形容词。根据“without learning from others”可知,不向他人学习,就不可能成为更好的学习者,因此此处需要用possible的反义词impossible“不可能的”,在句中作表语。故填impossible。
4.If she ________ (stick) to the technology, she will get the first prize.
【答案】sticks
【详解】句意:如果她坚持这项技术,她就会获得一等奖。stick“坚持;粘住”,这是一个条件状语从句,遵循“主将从现”的语法规则:主句用将来时(will get),从句用一般现在时。从句的主语是she,为第三人称单数,因此动词stick需要变为第三人称单数形式sticks。故填sticks。
5.Believe in ________ (you) and you will make it if you try your best.
【答案】yourself/yourselves
【详解】句意:相信你 (们) 自己,如果你 (们) 尽最大努力,就会成功。句子是祈使句,隐含的主语是“你/你们”,所以反身代词要和主语保持一致。括号里的you是人称代词,需要变为反身代词yourself (单数) 或yourselves (复数) 才能符合语境。故填yourself/yourselves。
6.—I’m sorry the book you look forward to _________ (not arrive) this morning.
—Well, that’s OK.
【答案】didn’t arrive
【详解】句意:——很抱歉,你期待的那本书今天早上没有到。——哦,没关系。根据“this morning”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,且“arrive”是实义动词,其否定形式需要借助助动词“did”,与“not”缩写为“didn’t”,后接动词原形“arrive”。故填didn’t arrive。
7.After leaving university, she ________ to go to a village in Africa to teach English. (voluntary)
【答案】volunteered
【详解】句意:大学毕业后,她自愿前往非洲的一个村庄教英语。根据“After leaving university, she...to go to”可知,此处需要动词作谓语;voluntary是形容词,意为“自愿的”,其动词形式为volunteer,意为“自愿做”;句子描述过去事件,为一般过去时,动词需用过去式volunteered。故填volunteered。
8.The children like making houses of _________ (stick) and clay (粘土).
【答案】sticks
【详解】句意:孩子们喜欢用树枝和粘土盖房子。stick“树枝”,此处表示“多根树枝”,可数名词需用复数形式。故填sticks。
9.It will be fine tomorrow because the stars are ________ (shine) brightly in the clear night sky.
【答案】shining
【详解】句意:明天天气会很好,因为星星在晴朗的夜空中明亮地闪耀。根据“because the stars are ... brightly in the clear night sky.”可知,是指星星正在闪耀,用现在进行时,空处用现在分词shining“闪耀”,与are构成现在进行时。故填shining。
10.After our _________ (arrive) in Lanzhou, we went to Zhongshan Bridge.
【答案】arrival
【详解】句意:我们到达兰州后,去了中山桥。根据“our”可知,此处使用名词,arrive的名词为arrival“到达”,our arrival“我们的到达”。故填arrival。
三.完成句子
1.刚才我捡起碎片是为了清理垃圾。
I ________ ________ the pieces just now in order to clean up the mess.
【答案】 picked up
【详解】原句中的“捡起”是关键词。表示“捡起”的短语为pick up,句中时间状语just now是一般过去时的标志,因此动词pick要变成过去式picked。
2.如果你认为自己的决定是对的,就应该坚持下去。
You should ________ ________ your decisions if you think they are right.
【答案】 stick to
【详解】原句中“坚持”是关键词,应用动词短语stick to表示,位于情态动词should后,用动词原形。
3.面对困难时,我们不应该放弃,而应该对自己说:“我能行!”
When ____________, we shouldn’t give up. Instead, we should ____________: “I can do it!”
【答案】 facing difficulties say to ourselves
【详解】when doing sth.“当做某事时”,face difficulties“面对困难”;say to oneself“对自己说”,主语为we,反身代词用ourselves,情态动词should后加动词原形。故填facing difficulties;say to ourselves。
4.我的表弟喜欢帮助别人,周末经常去敬老院做志愿工作。
My cousin ________ ________ people and often ________ ________ ________ at the old people’s home on weekends.
【答案】 enjoys/likes/loves helping does voluntary/volunteer work
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“喜欢帮助”和“做志愿工作”,句子时态为一般现在时。enjoy/like/love“喜欢”,后接动名词,表示“喜欢做某事”;help“帮助”,动词,其动名词形式为helping;主语“My cousin”为第三人称单数,因此第一空填enjoys/likes/loves;第二空填helping;do voluntary work/do volunteer work“做志愿工作”,主语“My cousin”为第三人称单数,所以此处用do的第三人称单数形式does。故填enjoys/likes/loves;helping;does;voluntary/volunteer;work。
5.汤姆非常勤奋,总是制定计划并坚持执行。
Tom is very ________ and always ________ a plan and ________ ________ it.
【答案】 hard-working makes sticks to
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“勤奋”“制定”“坚持执行”的表达。“勤奋”对应的形容词是“hard-working”;“制定计划”用“make a plan”,主语“Tom”是第三人称单数,谓语动词“make”用第三人称单数形式makes;“坚持执行”对应的短语是“stick to”,与“makes”并列,也用第三人称单数形式“sticks to”。故填hard-working;makes;sticks;to。
6.袁隆平拯救了许多人免受饥饿。
Yuan Longping ________ many people ________ ________.
【答案】 saved from starvation
【详解】根据中英文提示可知,空格处表示“拯救……免受饥饿”;“拯救……免受……”用动词短语“save...from...”,这句话描述过去的成就,用一般过去时,save的过去式为saved;“饥饿”可以用不可数名词starvation表示。故填saved;from;starvation。
7.榜样们通过实际行动激励他人,比如坚持计划和帮助社区。
Role models ________ ________ by ________ ________ plans and ________ the community.
【答案】 inspire others sticking to helping
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,第一处缺少“激励他人”,“激励”用动词inspire,主语“Role models”是复数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用原形,“他人”用others,可知填inspire others;第二处缺少“坚持”,“坚持(计划)”用短语stick to plans,介词“by”后接动名词形式,“stick”的动名词是sticking,可知填sticking to;第三处缺少“帮助”,介词“by”后接动名词形式,“help”的动名词是helping,可知填helping。故填inspire;others;sticking;to;helping。
8.莉莉的榜样每周都做志愿工作,即使下雨也坚持晨跑。
Lily’s role model ________ ________ ________ every week and ________ ________ every morning, even when it rains.
【答案】 does voluntary work goes running
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,前三个空格处缺少谓语动词及宾语表达“做志愿工作”,“做”常用“do”表示,“志愿工作”是“voluntary work”,句子主语“Lily’s role model”是第三人称单数,且根据语境可知,句子时态为一般现在时,所以“do”要用第三人称单数形式“does”;后两个空格处缺少谓语动词表达“晨跑”,“晨跑”常用“go running”表示,同样因为主语是第三人称单数且时态为一般现在时,所以“go”要用第三人称单数形式“goes”。故填does;voluntary;work;goes;running。
9.坚持目标需要耐心,但榜样们从不轻易放弃。
________ ________goals requires patience, but role models________ ________ ________ easily.
【答案】 Sticking to never give up
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“坚持”和“从不放弃”。“stick to”表示“坚持”,“never give up” 表示“从不放弃”,根据此句的句式结构,“stick to”是作主语,所以应用“stick to”的动名词形式“sticking to”作主语,并且首字母需大写;根据后半句的主语“role models”是名词复数形式,因此后接的谓语动词应用原形,所以还是用“never give up”。故填Sticking;to;never;give;up。
10.我的邻居每天练习篮球,他是我学习的榜样。
My neighbour ________ basketball every day, and he ________ ________ ________ ________ for me.
【答案】 practises is a role model
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,第一处缺少“练习”,“练习”用动词practise,主语“My neighbor”是第三人称单数,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,可知填practises;第二处缺少“是……的榜样”,对应的短语是be a role model,主语“he”是第三人称单数,be动词用is,可知填is a role model。故填practises;is;a;role;model。
三.语法填空
A
On 7th September, 1950, some American officers arrived at Qian Xuesen’s home. They took him to an island and kept him there. They did this because Qian Xuesen was planning 1 (return) to China.
Qian Xuesen had a 2 (success) career in the USA, but when he heard about the founding of the People’s Republic of China, he decided to go back and help his country himself. However, the USA refused to let him leave because he was a 3 (value) scientist. Qian Xuesen struggled for five years, and he did not give up. 4 (final), in 1955, he managed to get back to China.
As soon as he returned, Qian Xuesen started a satellite and missile programme. He worked day and night and his hard work paid off. Five years later, he and his team 5 (test) the first Chinese missiles. In 1970, China sent the first satellite into space. This was the beginning of China’s space programme.
Qian Xuesen also set up a science centre in China. He trained many people there and they are now great rocket scientists 6 (they). The science centre has become one of the best in the world.
During his life, Qian Xuesen received many awards. In 1991, he received the award for National Outstanding Contributing Scientist. He died in 2009. People always remember him as “the father of China’s missile and space programme”. He once said, “I plan to do my best 7 (help) the Chinese people build up a nation where they can live with dignity and 8 (happy).”
【答案】1.to return 2.successful 3.valuable 4.Finally 5.tested 6.themselves 7.to help 8.happiness
【导语】本文主要介绍了钱学森的生平事迹,阐述了他冲破阻碍归国的历程,以及他为中国导弹与航天事业作出的卓越贡献。
【详解】1.句意:他们这么做是因为钱学森正计划返回中国。“plan to do sth”为固定搭配,意为“计划做某事”,空格处需用动词不定式结构,故填to return。
2.句意:钱学森在美国有着成功的事业。修饰名词“career”需用形容词,success的形容词形式为successful,意为“成功的”。
3.句意:然而美国拒绝让他离开,因为他是一位极具价值的科学家。修饰名词“scientist”需用形容词,value的形容词形式为valuable,意为“有价值的、宝贵的”。
4.句意:最终,在1955年,他成功回到了中国。此处修饰整个句子作状语,需用副词形式,final的副词形式为Finally,句首单词首字母需大写。
5.句意:五年后,他和他的团队测试了中国第一枚导弹。此处描述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,test的过去式为tested。
6.句意:他在那里培养了许多人,他们现在自己也成了杰出的火箭科学家。此处表示“他们自己”,指代前文的many people,需用反身代词,they的反身代词为themselves。
7.句意:我计划尽我最大的努力帮助中国人民建设一个国家。“do one’s best to do sth”为固定搭配,意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”,空格处用动词不定式表目的,故填to help。
8.句意:…… 一个他们能带着尊严与幸福生活的国家。and连接并列的名词,与“dignity”保持词性一致,需用名词形式,happy的名词形式为happiness,意为“幸福”。
B
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Yuan Longping (1930-2021) was a world-famous Chinese agricultural scientist. People call him 1 “Father of Hybrid Rice.” He spent his whole life 2 (develop) new kinds of rice.
In the early 1960s, Yuan began his research, 3 the key breakthrough did not come until 1964, when he discovered a special natural rice plant in Hainan. After many 4 (year) of hard work, in 1973, he and his team successfully developed the world’s 5 (one) hybrid rice. The yield (产量) increased 6 (great), from about 150 kg to over 500 kg per mu.
Thanks to their work, China has been able to feed its large population. 7 addition, since the 1970s, his work 8 (help) to feed people in many other parts of the world. Farmers in a lot of countries now grow his hybrid rice.
Yuan won many awards for his research, including one of China’s 9 (high) honors, the Medal of the Republic. Yuan passed away in 2021. People in China and around the world remember 10 (he) as a hero. His work and spirit continue to inspire us all.
【答案】1.the 2.developing 3.but 4.years 5.first 6.greatly 7.In 8.has helped 9.highest 10.him
【导语】本文介绍了袁隆平院士在杂交水稻领域的重大贡献及其全球影响。
【详解】1.句意:人们称他为“杂交水稻之父”。根据上下文,此处需填入定冠词the,表示特指“杂交水稻之父”这一称号。故填the。
2.句意:他一生致力于研发新型水稻。根据“spent his whole life”结构,后面需接动名词作宾语,表示持续进行的活动。故填developing。
3.句意:1939年袁隆平开始研究,但关键突破直到1964年才出现。根据前后句转折关系,需用连词but连接两个时间节点。故填but。
4.句意:经过多年努力后,1973年他成功研发杂交水稻。根据“many”和“of hard work”可知需用复数名词years表示时间跨度。故填years。
5.句意:他和团队成功研发出世界首个杂交水稻品种。根据“world’s”和序数词用法,需用first表示“首个”。故填first。
6.句意:产量从150公斤/亩大幅提升至500公斤/亩。根据“increased”和“from…to”结构,需用副词greatly修饰动词。故填greatly。
7.句意:此外,自1970年代起他的成果还帮助了其他国家。根据“China has been able…”和“since the 1970s”的递进关系,需用固定搭配in addition表示补充说明。故填In。
8.句意:他的工作帮助了全球多国人民。根据“since the 1970s”时间状语,需用现在完成时has helped表示持续影响。故填has helped。
9.句意:他获得过中国最高荣誉之一的共和国勋章。根据“one of China’s”和“honors”可知需用形容词最高级highest修饰名词。故填highest。
10.句意:中国和世界人民都将他铭记为英雄。根据“remember”动词搭配,需用宾格代词him作宾语。故填him。
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