Units 3～4（语法综合练）英语新教材北师大版八年级上册

专题01 Units3 ~4（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”。除此之外,过去进行时还可以和when、while、as引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用,构成复合句。 一．过去进行时的各种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+ 现在分词+其他. I was helping my father in the garden at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在花园里帮爸爸干活。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. I wasn't drawing at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我没有画画。 一般疑 问句　 Was/Were+主语+ 现在分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主 语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you doing housework then?那个时候你在做家务吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我在做。/不,我没在做。 特殊疑 问句　 特殊疑问词(不作 主语)+was/were+ 主语+现在分词+其他? What were you reading this morning?今天早上你在读什么? 特殊疑问词(作主语)+was/were+现在分词+其他? Who was playing basketball here at eight last night?昨天晚上八点谁在这里打篮球了? 二．过去进行时的基本用法 用法 例句 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常与then、at this/that time yesterday、at that moment、at ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用 —What were you doing at seven last night?昨晚七点你在做什么? —I was watching TV.我在看电视。 表示过去某段时间内一直持续进行的动作,常与the whole morning、“from+时间点+to+时间点+last night”等时间状语连用 We were waiting for you the whole morning.我们一整个早上都在等你。 在讲故事的语境中,用来描绘一幅景象 It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone. 它正坐在树上,朝着大家微笑。 三．when引导的从句与过去进行时连用 　　一般情况下,when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 when引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 四．while引导的从句与过去进行时连用 　　一般情况下,while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 while引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 反身代词 构成： 单数：myself（我自己）、yourself（你自己）、himself（他自己）、herself（她自己）、itself（它自己） 复数：ourselves（我们自己）、yourselves（你们自己）、themselves（他们自己） He hurt himself while playing football.（他踢足球时伤到了自己） We should believe in ourselves.（我们应该相信自己） 用法： 1.作宾语：主语与宾语为同一人； 2. 作同位语：强调主语；3. 固定搭配 She taught herself to play the piano.（作宾语，她自学弹钢琴） I myself saw the accident.（作同位语，我亲眼看到了事故） enjoy oneself（玩得开心） help oneself（自取） 常见搭配 help oneself to、enjoy oneself、hurt oneself、teach oneself、look after oneself They enjoyed themselves at the party.（他们在派对上玩得很开心） Verb + v-ing（1） 适用动词： 1.喜好类：like、love、enjoy、dislike、hate、prefer； 2. 动作类：start、begin、finish、stop、continue； 3. 其他类：avoid、mind、suggest、spend、risk 1. She enjoys helping people in need.（喜好类，她喜欢帮助有需要的人） 2. He finished writing the report yesterday.（动作类，他昨天写完了报告） 3. They risked losing their lives to save others.（其他类，他们冒着生命危险救人） 结构 动词 + v-ing（作宾语） He suggests visiting the science museum.（他建议去参观科学博物馆） 易混点 区分“动词 + to do”与“动词 + v-ing”：部分动词后只能接v-ing（如enjoy、avoid），部分只能接to do（如want、decide） 正确：She avoids making mistakes.（√） 错误：She avoids to make mistakes.（×） Used to 定义： 表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的状态，现在已不如此 He used to be a teacher, but now he is a doctor.（他过去是老师，现在是医生） 构成： 肯定式：主语 + used to + 动词原形 否定式：主语 + didnt use to + 动词原形（= used not to + 动词原形） 疑问式：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ 肯定：They used to go hiking every Sunday.（他们过去每个周日去徒步） 否定：She didnt use to like coffee.（她过去不喜欢咖啡） 疑问：Did you use to play basketball?（你过去常打篮球吗？） 与一般过去时的区别 used to 强调“过去习惯”，现在已改变；一般过去时仅描述过去发生的动作，不涉及现在 He used to smoke.（过去常抽烟，现在不抽了） He smoked yesterday.（昨天抽了烟，不涉及现在习惯） 一．单项选择 1.While we ________ in the street, we met our old neighbor. A．walked B．are walking C．were walking D．walk 2.The little girl ________ when I saw her yesterday. A．cried B．cries C．was crying D．is crying 3.My father ________ when I got home this afternoon. A．cooks B．cooked C．will cook D．was cooking 4.When the teacher arrived at the classroom, the children ________. It made the teacher surprised and happy. A．was reading B．is reading C．are reading D．were reading 5.Darren was watching TV while I ________ a shower. A．take B．took C．is taking D．was taking 6.—________ delicious rice dumplings! Did you buy them in a store? —No, my mother made them by ________. A．What, her B．What, herself C．How, her D．How, herself 7.Boys and girls, you should look after ________ when your parents are not at home. A．you B．yours C．yourself D．yourselves 8.These driverless cars are amazing. They can drive ________. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 9.—Every day, I spend one hour ______ the housework. —But I have no time ______ the housework, so my mother helps me a lot. A．to do; to do B．doing; doing C．doing; to do D．to do; doing 10.　　　　 important news it is! Thank you for 　　　　me. A．How; tell B．What; tell C．What; telling D．How; telling 11.The story Yu Gong Moves the Mountains tells us not to give up _______ hard. Remember, anything is possible if you work hard. A．work B．to work C．working D．worked 12.Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. Don’t ________ afraid of ________ close to them. A．/; be B．/; being C．be; being D．be; be 13.I ________ stay at home and watch TV, but this year I ________ running every day now. A．am used to; am used to B．used to; am used to C．am used to; used to D．was used to; used to 14.Students ________ to the toilet and back to class with no time for anything else. But now they have more time to rest and share interesting things with their classmates because of the longer break time between classes. A．is used to rush B．was used to rush C．used to rush D．is used to rushing 二.按要求写句子 1.My sister was cleaning the yard at that time. (改为否定句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.The students were playing football over there. (改为一般疑问句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.They were watching TV at 9:00 yesterday evening.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.They were running because they wanted to catch the early bus.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.Was your mother cooking in the kitchen? (作肯定回答) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  三.根据汉语意思和所给的提示词语翻译句子 1.昨天晚上八点我正在客厅看书。(living room, o’clock) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在厨房做饭。(when, got) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.在我写家庭作业的时候,有人敲门了。(while, someone, at) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.我看到他的时候,他正在和他的哥哥踢足球。(saw, football) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.昨天晚上十点你在做什么?(what) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  四．完成句子 1.那个小女孩太小，不会自己穿衣服。 The little girl is too young to . 2.我不相信Mike打篮球是自学的。 I can’t believe Mike to play basketball. 3.人们应该学会怎样保护自己。 People should learn how to . 4.王林学会了自己做饭。 Wang Lin learned to cook . 5.It took me an hour to go to the library by bus. (改为同义句) I an hour to the library by bus. 6.It is relaxing to listen to soft music when you are tired. (改为同义句) soft music is relaxing when you are tired. 7.Could you please open the window? (改为同义句) opening the window? 8.他们过去常常为小事争吵，但现在相处得很好。 They argue with each other over small things, but now they get on well. 9.Life in the town used to be quiet and peaceful. (改为一般疑问句) life in the town to be quiet and peaceful? 10.他过去是一名老师。 He a teacher. 11.Jane used to ride a bicycle to school.（改为否定句） Jane to ride a bicycle to school. 一．语法选择 A Jenny is a 15-year-old student. She used to feel worried about her appearance. Every morning, when she 1 dressed, she would look at herself in the mirror and think, “I wish my hair 2 thicker.” As a teenager, Jenny found that her body 3 day by day. Sometimes she felt happy about these changes, but sometimes she felt upset. Her mother told her, “ 4 yourself with others is not good. Everyone is unique.” One day, Jenny had a talk with her best friend, Lily. Lily said, “I used to be shy, but now I’m more confident. It’s important 5 yourself.” Jenny listened carefully and 6 that she was not alone. Many of her classmates had similar feelings. Now, Jenny tries to focus on her strengths. She is good at telling stories—her 7 stories always make people laugh. She also joins a volunteer club, where she helps others. Through these activities, Jenny 8 more outgoing.​ Last week, Jenny gave a speech in class. She said, “ 9 afraid to be yourself. Those who mind don’t matter, and those who matter don’t mind.” Her speech won warm applause.​ Jenny’s story tells us that growing up is a journey. We should learn to love ourselves and enjoy 10 along the way. 1．A．get B．gets C．got D．will get​ 2．A．is B．was C．were D．be​ 3．A．changes B．changed C．is changing D．was changing​ 4．A．Compare B．Comparing C．Compared D．To comparing​ 5．A．accept B．accepting C．to accept D．accepted​ 6．A．realise B．realises C．realised D．will realise​ 7．A．humour B．humorous C．humourous D．humorously​ 8．A．becomes B．became C．has become D．will become​ 9．A．Not be B．Don’t be C．Doesn’t be D．Isn’t be​ 10．A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves B （25-26八年级上·陕西西安·期中）Tao Hongjing was a famous scientist. He was good 1 studying small animals. One day, while he was reading 2 old poem (诗), he learned that some wasps took care of wax moth babies like their own 3 . But Tao 4 not sure if this idea was true. The insects seemed different, but why did people say they were like family? Tao wanted 5 for sure, so he decided to watch a wasp’s nest (巢) closely. Inside, he saw wasps, wax moths, and small worms (幼虫). After a few days, Tao discovered 6 . The worms ate the wax moths and left only half. Then the worms 7 into cocoons (蛹), and baby wasps came out of them! Tao finally understood the truth-the wasps 8 have their own babies after all. The wasps didn’t keep the wax moths as their children, 9 used them as food for their baby wasps. How terrible the wasps were! By watching carefully, Tao found out what really happened. His close watch was one of the 10 ways to discover unknown truth. 1．A．at B．with C．for D．on 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．child B．child’s C．children D．children’s 4．A．are B．is C．were D．was 5．A．know B．to know C．weigh D．to weigh 6．A．strange something B．anything strange C．something strange D．strange anything 7．A．turn B．are turning C．turns D．turned 8．A．could B．couldn’t C．must D．mustn’t 9．A．until B．but C．if D．or 10．A．good B．well C．better D．best 二．语法填空 A 根据内容与语境，用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 As teenagers, we often 1 (find) it hard to understand and control our emotions. Yesterday afternoon, Abigail 2 (prepare) for her geography test while her sister 3 (watch) TV loudly. This made her angry and they started arguing. Why are teenagers so emotional? Because we 4 (leave) childhood and our brains and bodies 5 (change) rapidly now. These physical changes 6 (cause) emotional ups and downs. To manage emotions, first, we should 7 (recognise) them. Then, don’t just 8 (hide) feelings—talk to friends or write them down. Also, try not 9 (think) too much about the past. Remember, people around us should be patient as we 10 (learn) to deal with emotions. B （25-26八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期中）阅读下面短文，然后在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On October 18, 2025, the world lost a famous physicist—Yang Zhenning. He is one of the 1 (great) physicists in the world. He was born in 1922 and showed 2 early talent for science. As a young man, he studied hard and later went to the US for further education. In 1957, he 3 (win) the Nobel Prize in Physics with his partner Li Zhengdao—making them the 4 (one) Chinese nationals to receive the honour. As a scientist born in China, he never forgot his motherland. He helped build connections 5 Chinese and American scientists. He also raised money 6 (support) Chinese scholars to study abroad. In 1999, Yang Zhenning returned to Tsinghua University and opened special courses to share 7 (he) rich academic (学术的) experience with students. What he did made a big difference in the field of science in China. His work has 8 (complete) changed how young Chinese scientists connect with the world’s physics community. Yang once advised students: “Be honest with science and never be afraid of 9 (challenge)” We will always remember this great man. He not only made great contributions to physics 10 also influenced many young scientists in China. 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units3 ~4（语法综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作,常与表示过去的时间状语连用。其结构为“was/were+动词的现在分词”。除此之外,过去进行时还可以和when、while、as引导的表示过去的时间状语从句连用,构成复合句。 一．过去进行时的各种句式 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+ 现在分词+其他. I was helping my father in the garden at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我正在花园里帮爸爸干活。 否定句 主语+was/were+not+现在分词+其他. I wasn't drawing at four yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我没有画画。 一般疑 问句　 Was/Were+主语+ 现在分词+其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语+was/were. 否定回答:No, 主 语+wasn't/weren't. —Were you doing housework then?那个时候你在做家务吗? —Yes, I was./No, I wasn't.是的,我在做。/不,我没在做。 特殊疑 问句　 特殊疑问词(不作 主语)+was/were+ 主语+现在分词+其他? What were you reading this morning?今天早上你在读什么? 特殊疑问词(作主语)+was/were+现在分词+其他? Who was playing basketball here at eight last night?昨天晚上八点谁在这里打篮球了? 二．过去进行时的基本用法 用法 例句 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,常与then、at this/that time yesterday、at that moment、at ten o'clock yesterday等时间状语连用 —What were you doing at seven last night?昨晚七点你在做什么? —I was watching TV.我在看电视。 表示过去某段时间内一直持续进行的动作,常与the whole morning、“from+时间点+to+时间点+last night”等时间状语连用 We were waiting for you the whole morning.我们一整个早上都在等你。 在讲故事的语境中,用来描绘一幅景象 It was sitting in a tree and smiling at everyone. 它正坐在树上,朝着大家微笑。 三．when引导的从句与过去进行时连用 　　一般情况下,when引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 when引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 一般过去时 一般过去时 过去进行时 四．while引导的从句与过去进行时连用 　　一般情况下,while引导的时间状语从句与主句的时态: 主句 while引导的时间状语从句 过去进行时 过去进行时 一般过去时 过去进行时 反身代词 构成： 单数：myself（我自己）、yourself（你自己）、himself（他自己）、herself（她自己）、itself（它自己） 复数：ourselves（我们自己）、yourselves（你们自己）、themselves（他们自己） He hurt himself while playing football.（他踢足球时伤到了自己） We should believe in ourselves.（我们应该相信自己） 用法： 1.作宾语：主语与宾语为同一人； 2. 作同位语：强调主语；3. 固定搭配 She taught herself to play the piano.（作宾语，她自学弹钢琴） I myself saw the accident.（作同位语，我亲眼看到了事故） enjoy oneself（玩得开心） help oneself（自取） 常见搭配 help oneself to、enjoy oneself、hurt oneself、teach oneself、look after oneself They enjoyed themselves at the party.（他们在派对上玩得很开心） Verb + v-ing（1） 适用动词： 1.喜好类：like、love、enjoy、dislike、hate、prefer； 2. 动作类：start、begin、finish、stop、continue； 3. 其他类：avoid、mind、suggest、spend、risk 1. She enjoys helping people in need.（喜好类，她喜欢帮助有需要的人） 2. He finished writing the report yesterday.（动作类，他昨天写完了报告） 3. They risked losing their lives to save others.（其他类，他们冒着生命危险救人） 结构 动词 + v-ing（作宾语） He suggests visiting the science museum.（他建议去参观科学博物馆） 易混点 区分“动词 + to do”与“动词 + v-ing”：部分动词后只能接v-ing（如enjoy、avoid），部分只能接to do（如want、decide） 正确：She avoids making mistakes.（√） 错误：She avoids to make mistakes.（×） Used to 定义： 表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的状态，现在已不如此 He used to be a teacher, but now he is a doctor.（他过去是老师，现在是医生） 构成： 肯定式：主语 + used to + 动词原形 否定式：主语 + didnt use to + 动词原形（= used not to + 动词原形） 疑问式：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？ 肯定：They used to go hiking every Sunday.（他们过去每个周日去徒步） 否定：She didnt use to like coffee.（她过去不喜欢咖啡） 疑问：Did you use to play basketball?（你过去常打篮球吗？） 与一般过去时的区别 used to 强调“过去习惯”，现在已改变；一般过去时仅描述过去发生的动作，不涉及现在 He used to smoke.（过去常抽烟，现在不抽了） He smoked yesterday.（昨天抽了烟，不涉及现在习惯） 一．单项选择 1.While we ________ in the street, we met our old neighbor. A．walked B．are walking C．were walking D．walk 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我们正在街上走的时候，我们遇到了我们的老邻居。 考查动词时态辨析。walked动词过去式；are walking动词现在进行时；were walking动词过去进行时；walk动词原形。while引导时间状语从句时，常强调主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行。其引导的从句一般用进行时态，结构为“be+现在分词”；主句中met是meet的过去式，表明主句是一般过去时，while引导的从句要用过去进行时，来体现“遇到邻居”这个动作发生时，“走路”这个动作正在进行。故选C。 2.The little girl ________ when I saw her yesterday. A．cried B．cries C．was crying D．is crying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天当我看见那个小女孩时，她正在哭。 考查动词时态。根据“when I saw her yesterday”可知，此处表示过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，用过去进行时was/were doing。故选C。 3.My father ________ when I got home this afternoon. A．cooks B．cooked C．will cook D．was cooking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：今天下午我到家时，我父亲正在做饭。 考查动词时态。根据“when I got home this afternoon.”可知，主句需要用过去进行时来表达“在那个时间点正在进行的动作”，父亲的动作（做饭）应强调“我到家时”正在进行，因此用过去进行时“was cooking ”。故选D。 4.When the teacher arrived at the classroom, the children ________. It made the teacher surprised and happy. A．was reading B．is reading C．are reading D．were reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当老师到达教室时，孩子们正在读书。这让老师既惊讶又高兴。 考查时态。根据“When the teacher arrived at the classroom, the children...”可知，主句动作发生在过去某一时刻（老师到达时），且强调“孩子们正在读书”这一持续动作，需用过去进行时“was/were doing”，主语“the children”是复数，be动词用were。故选D。 5.Darren was watching TV while I ________ a shower. A．take B．took C．is taking D．was taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当我正在淋浴时，达伦正在看电视。 考查动词时态。分析子结构可知，句子描述两个同时发生的过去动作：“Darren看电视”和“我洗澡”；主句用过去进行时“was watching”，从句需用相同时态，强调“过去某时刻正在进行的动作”，其结构为was/were doing；主语为“I”，be动词应用was，动词take的现在分词为taking。故选D。 6.—________ delicious rice dumplings! Did you buy them in a store? —No, my mother made them by ________. A．What, her B．What, herself C．How, her D．How, herself 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——多美味的粽子啊！你是从商店买的吗？——不，我妈妈自己做的。 考查感叹句和反身代词。根据“...delicious rice dumplings!”可知第一空考查感叹句，此处中心词是名词（rice dumplings），用what；根据“by...”可知第二空考查反身代词，“by herself” 表示“独自/亲自做”，强调动作由主语（my mother）独立完成。故选B。 7.Boys and girls, you should look after ________ when your parents are not at home. A．you B．yours C．yourself D．yourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：孩子们，父母不在家的时候，你们要照顾好自己。 考查反身代词。you你，你们；yours你的，你们的；yourself你自己；yourselves你们自己。根据“Boys and girls, you should look after...when your parents are not at home.”可知，此处指照顾自己，结合“Boys and girls”，应是“照顾你们自己”，用反身代词yourselves。故选D。 8.These driverless cars are amazing. They can drive ________. A．they B．them C．their D．themselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些无人驾驶汽车太神奇了。它们可以自己开车。 考查反身代词。they它们，人称代词主格；them它们，人称代词宾格；their它们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves它们自己，反身代词。根据“These driverless cars are amazing.”可知无人驾驶汽车是汽车自己开车的，用反身代词。故选D。 9.—Every day, I spend one hour ______ the housework. —But I have no time ______ the housework, so my mother helps me a lot. A．to do; to do B．doing; doing C．doing; to do D．to do; doing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我每天花一小时做家务。——但我没时间做家务，所以我妈妈帮了我很多。 考查非谓语动词。第一个空，spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”，空处填动名词形式的doing；第二个空，have no time to do sth“没时间做某事”，空处填动词不定式的to do。故选C。 10.　　　　 important news it is! Thank you for 　　　　me. A．How; tell B．What; tell C．What; telling D．How; telling 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是多么重要的消息啊！感谢你告诉我。 考查感叹句及动词形式辨析。How如何；What什么；tell动词原形；telling动名词。感叹句有“What+(a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语！”和“How + 形容词/副词+主语+谓语！”两种结构；important news是“形容词+不可数名词”结构，news为不可数名词，所以用What引导；for是介词，介词后接动词时，要用动名词形式。故选C。 11.The story Yu Gong Moves the Mountains tells us not to give up _______ hard. Remember, anything is possible if you work hard. A．work B．to work C．working D．worked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：《愚公移山》的故事告诉我们不要放弃努力。记住，只要努力，一切皆有可能。 考查非谓语。give up doing sth“放弃做某事”，此处用动名词作宾语。故选C。 12.Your teachers are all friendly and helpful. Don’t ________ afraid of ________ close to them. A．/; be B．/; being C．be; being D．be; be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你的老师都很友好和乐于助人。不要害怕靠近他们。 考查祈使句，形容词短语、动词短语和动名词作宾语。be afraid of“害怕”，祈使句用动词原形，排除AB；be close to“靠近”，of是介词，其后用动名词作宾语。故选C。 13.I ________ stay at home and watch TV, but this year I ________ running every day now. A．am used to; am used to B．used to; am used to C．am used to; used to D．was used to; used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我过去常常待在家里看电视，但今年我现在习惯每天跑步了。    考查used to do和be used to doing的用法区别。used to do表示过去常常做某事；be used to doing表示习惯于做某事。根据“I…stay at home and watch TV”可推知，此处描述的是过去常做某事，应使用used to do sth.结构；根据“this year I…running every day now”可知，此处描述的是现在的习惯，应使用be used to doing sth.。主语是I，系动词用am。故选B。 14.Students ________ to the toilet and back to class with no time for anything else. But now they have more time to rest and share interesting things with their classmates because of the longer break time between classes. A．is used to rush B．was used to rush C．used to rush D．is used to rushing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生过去常常匆忙上厕所然后赶回教室，没有时间做其他事情。但现在由于课间休息时间延长，他们有更多时间休息和与同学分享有趣的事情。 考查动词短语。is used to rush被用来仓促做，一般现在时的被动语态；was used to rush被用来仓促做，一般过去时的被动语态；used to rush过去常常仓促做；is used to rushing习惯于仓促做。根据“But now they have more time to rest and share interesting things with their classmates because of the longer break time between classes.”可知，现在课间时间长，过去课间时间短，第一句话用一般过去时，且指过去常常匆忙上厕所。故选C。 二.按要求写句子 1.My sister was cleaning the yard at that time. (改为否定句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.The students were playing football over there. (改为一般疑问句) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.They were watching TV at 9:00 yesterday evening.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.They were running because they wanted to catch the early bus.(对画线部分提问)  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.Was your mother cooking in the kitchen? (作肯定回答) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  【答案】1.My sister wasn’t cleaning the yard at that time. 2.Were the students playing football over there? 3.What were they doing at 9:00 yesterday evening? 4.Why were they running? 5.Yes, she was. 三.根据汉语意思和所给的提示词语翻译句子 1.昨天晚上八点我正在客厅看书。(living room, o’clock) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  2.当我到家的时候,我妈妈正在厨房做饭。(when, got) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  3.在我写家庭作业的时候,有人敲门了。(while, someone, at) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  4.我看到他的时候,他正在和他的哥哥踢足球。(saw, football) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  5.昨天晚上十点你在做什么?(what) 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  【答案】1.I was reading a book in the living room at eight o’clock yesterday evening. 2.When I got home, my mother was cooking in the kitchen. 3.While I was doing my homework, someone knocked at the door. 4.When I saw him, he was playing football with his brother. 5.What were you doing at ten o’clock yesterday evening? 四．完成句子 1.那个小女孩太小，不会自己穿衣服。 The little girl is too young to . 【答案】 dress herself 【详解】根据中英文提示及所给单词可知，此处使用dress oneself“自己穿衣服”；“too...to...”结构中to后接动词原形，结合主语“The little girl”可知反身代词用herself。故填dress；herself。 2.我不相信Mike打篮球是自学的。 I can’t believe Mike to play basketball. 【答案】 taught himself 【详解】对比中英文可知，此处缺少“自学”，其英文表达为teach oneself，结合语境可知，“自学”是过去发生的，时态用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式taught；主语是Mike，反身代词是himself。故填taught；himself。 3.人们应该学会怎样保护自己。 People should learn how to . 【答案】 protect themselves 【详解】对比中英文，此处缺少“保护自己”，其英文表达为protect oneself，不定式符号to后接动词原形；主语是“People”，反身代词应是themselves。故填protect；themselves。 4.王林学会了自己做饭。 Wang Lin learned to cook . 【答案】 by himself 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“自己”，应用短语by oneself，主语是“Wang Lin”，因此反身代词用himself。故填by；himself。 5.It took me an hour to go to the library by bus. (改为同义句) I an hour to the library by bus. 【答案】 spent going 【详解】句意：我花了一个小时坐公共汽车去图书馆。花费时间做某事：spend time doing sth.，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式spent，go的动名词是going。故填spent；going。 6.It is relaxing to listen to soft music when you are tired. (改为同义句) soft music is relaxing when you are tired. 【答案】 Listening to 【详解】句意：当你疲惫时，听轻音乐是令人放松的。原句结构为“It is+形容词+to do sth”，可以转换为“动名词+be+形容词”的结构。故填Listening；to。 7.Could you please open the window? (改为同义句) opening the window? 【答案】 Do/Would you mind 【详解】句意：你能打开窗户吗？根据题干，同义句可表达为“你介意打开窗户吗”，“你介意做某事吗”可用句型“Do/Would you mind doing sth.?”来表示。故填Do/Would；you；mind。 8.他们过去常常为小事争吵，但现在相处得很好。 They argue with each other over small things, but now they get on well. 【答案】 used to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处表达的意思是“过去常常”。“过去常常做某事”常用短语“used to do sth.”，故填used；to。 9.Life in the town used to be quiet and peaceful. (改为一般疑问句) life in the town to be quiet and peaceful? 【答案】 Did use 【详解】句意：小镇的生活曾经平静而安宁。原句的谓语部分为：used to be，改为一般疑问句用助动词did提问，置于句首，首字母要大写，used改写为use。故填Did；use。 10.他过去是一名老师。 He a teacher. 【答案】 used to be 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少了“过去是”，英文表达为used to+动词原形，be“是”，动词原形。故填used；to；be。 11.Jane used to ride a bicycle to school.（改为否定句） Jane to ride a bicycle to school. 【答案】 didn’t use 【详解】句意：简过去常骑自行车上学。used to do sth意为“过去常常做某事”，变否定需要借助助动词didn’t，后面used用原形use。故填didn’t；use。 一．语法选择 A Jenny is a 15-year-old student. She used to feel worried about her appearance. Every morning, when she 1 dressed, she would look at herself in the mirror and think, “I wish my hair 2 thicker.” As a teenager, Jenny found that her body 3 day by day. Sometimes she felt happy about these changes, but sometimes she felt upset. Her mother told her, “ 4 yourself with others is not good. Everyone is unique.” One day, Jenny had a talk with her best friend, Lily. Lily said, “I used to be shy, but now I’m more confident. It’s important 5 yourself.” Jenny listened carefully and 6 that she was not alone. Many of her classmates had similar feelings. Now, Jenny tries to focus on her strengths. She is good at telling stories—her 7 stories always make people laugh. She also joins a volunteer club, where she helps others. Through these activities, Jenny 8 more outgoing.​ Last week, Jenny gave a speech in class. She said, “ 9 afraid to be yourself. Those who mind don’t matter, and those who matter don’t mind.” Her speech won warm applause.​ Jenny’s story tells us that growing up is a journey. We should learn to love ourselves and enjoy 10 along the way. 1．A．get B．gets C．got D．will get​ 2．A．is B．was C．were D．be​ 3．A．changes B．changed C．is changing D．was changing​ 4．A．Compare B．Comparing C．Compared D．To comparing​ 5．A．accept B．accepting C．to accept D．accepted​ 6．A．realise B．realises C．realised D．will realise​ 7．A．humour B．humorous C．humourous D．humorously​ 8．A．becomes B．became C．has become D．will become​ 9．A．Not be B．Don’t be C．Doesn’t be D．Isn’t be​ 10．A．we B．us C．our D．ourselves 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．C 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了一位15岁的女孩珍妮通过接受自己、积极参与社交活动和改变心态，逐渐变得更加自信和开朗的成长故事。 【详解】1．句意：每天早上穿好衣服后，她都会看着镜子里的自己，心想：“我希望我的头发更浓密一些。” get动词原形；gets动词的第三人称单数；got过去式；will get一般将来时。根据“She used to”和“would”可知，时态为一般过去时，动词要用过去式。故选C。 2．句意：每天早上穿好衣服后，她都会看着镜子里的自己，心想：“我希望我的头发更浓密一些。” is是，主语为第三人称单数；was是，is的过去式；were是，are的过去式；be原形。分析句子可知，这是一个虚拟语气的句子，I wish后面要用虚拟语气，表示与现实相反的愿望。主语是my hair，尽管是单数，但在虚拟语气中要用were。故选C。 3．句意：十几岁的时候，珍妮发现自己的身体每天都在变化。 changes动词的第三人称单数；changed过去式；is changing现在进行时；was changing过去进行时。“day by day”表明珍妮的身体变化是一个持续发展的过程，因此用过去进行时was changing。故选D。 4．句意：她妈妈告诉她：“拿自己和别人比较是不好的。每个人都是独一无二的。” Compare动词原形；Comparing动名词；Compared过去式；To comparing动名词，to为介词。根据“yourself with others”可知，空处在句中作为主语，主语通常使用动名词形式。故选B。 5．句意：接受自己是很重要的。 accept动词原形；accepting动名词；to accept动词不定式；accepted过去分词。根据“It’s important ... yourself.”可知，it is adj. to do sth.“做某事是什么样的”，不定式作主语。故选C。 6．句意：珍妮仔细地听着，意识到她并不孤单。 realise动词原形；realises动词的第三人称单数；realised过去式；will realise一般将来时。根据“Jenny listened carefully”和and表示并列关系可知，此处时态应用一般过去时。故选C。 7．句意：她擅长讲故事——她的幽默故事总是让人发笑。 humour幽默，名词；humorous幽默的，形容词；humourous错误写法；humorously幽默地，副词。根据“her ... stories”可知，此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词。故选B。 8．句意：通过这些活动，珍妮变得更加外向了。 becomes动词的第三人称单数；became过去式；has become现在完成时；will become一般将来时。根据“Through these activities”可知，此处强调过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时。故选C。 9．句意：不要害怕做你自己。 Not be不是；Don’t be不是(祈使句结构)；Doesn’t be不是；Isn’t be错误表达。根据“... afraid to be yourself. ”可知，不要害怕做你自己，应用祈使句的否定形式，其他三项结构错误。故选B。 10．句意：我们应当学会爱自己，并享受沿途的风景。 we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ourselves我们自己，反身代词。enjoy oneself“过得快乐，过得快活”，固定短语。故选D。 B （25-26八年级上·陕西西安·期中）Tao Hongjing was a famous scientist. He was good 1 studying small animals. One day, while he was reading 2 old poem (诗), he learned that some wasps took care of wax moth babies like their own 3 . But Tao 4 not sure if this idea was true. The insects seemed different, but why did people say they were like family? Tao wanted 5 for sure, so he decided to watch a wasp’s nest (巢) closely. Inside, he saw wasps, wax moths, and small worms (幼虫). After a few days, Tao discovered 6 . The worms ate the wax moths and left only half. Then the worms 7 into cocoons (蛹), and baby wasps came out of them! Tao finally understood the truth-the wasps 8 have their own babies after all. The wasps didn’t keep the wax moths as their children, 9 used them as food for their baby wasps. How terrible the wasps were! By watching carefully, Tao found out what really happened. His close watch was one of the 10 ways to discover unknown truth. 1．A．at B．with C．for D．on 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．child B．child’s C．children D．children’s 4．A．are B．is C．were D．was 5．A．know B．to know C．weigh D．to weigh 6．A．strange something B．anything strange C．something strange D．strange anything 7．A．turn B．are turning C．turns D．turned 8．A．could B．couldn’t C．must D．mustn’t 9．A．until B．but C．if D．or 10．A．good B．well C．better D．best 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文讲述了著名科学家陶弘景对古诗中 “黄蜂像照顾自己孩子一样照顾蜡螟幼虫” 的说法产生怀疑，通过仔细观察黄蜂巢穴，最终发现真相——黄蜂并非把蜡螟当孩子，而是将其作为自身幼虫的食物。 【详解】1．句意：他擅长研究小动物。 at在；with和……一起；for为了；on在……上面。根据“He was good...studying small animals.”可知，be good at“擅长”，此处指他擅长研究小动物。故选A。 2．句意：有一天，当他正在读一首古诗时，他了解到一些黄蜂会像照顾自己的孩子一样照顾蜡螟幼虫。 a一个，不定冠词，放于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，不定冠词，放于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指；/零冠词。根据“old poem”可知，其为元音音素开头，表示泛指的古诗。故选B。 3．句意：有一天，当他正在读一首古诗时，他了解到一些黄蜂会像照顾自己的孩子一样照顾蜡螟幼虫。 child孩子，单数；child’s孩子的，所有格；children孩子们，复数；children’s孩子们的，所有格。根据“he learned that some wasps took care of wax moth babies like their own...”可知，形容词后接名词，此处应用名词复数形式，表示泛指的孩子。故选C。 4．句意：但陶弘景不确定这个说法是否正确。 are是，复数，一般现在时态；is是，单数，一般现在时态；were是，复数，一般过去时态；was是，单数，一般过去时态。根据“But Tao...not sure if this idea was true.”可知，此处应用一般过去时态，be动词单数形式。故选D。 5．句意：陶弘景想要弄清楚真相，所以他决定仔细观察一个黄蜂巢穴。 know知道，动词原形；to know知道，动词不定式；weigh重，动词原形；to weigh重，动词不定式。根据“Tao wanted...for sure”可知，want to do sth.“想要做某事”，用动词不定式，此处表示弄清真相，应用to know。故选B。 6．句意：几天后，陶弘景发现了一些奇怪的事情。 strange something搭配错误；anything strange一些奇怪的事；something strange某些奇怪的事；strange anything搭配错误。根据“Tao discovered...”可知，形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词需后置；此处是肯定句，用something。故选C。 7．句意：然后这些幼虫变成了蛹，之后小黄蜂就从蛹里孵化出来了！ turn变成，一般现在时态；are turning正在变成，现在进行时态；turns变成，一般现在时态，第三人称单数形式；turned变成，一般过去时态。根据“and baby wasps came out of them”可知，本句为一般过去时态。故选D。 8．句意：陶弘景终于明白了真相——黄蜂终究是能有自己的孩子的。 could能够；couldn’t不能；must必须；mustn’t禁止。根据“Tao finally understood the truth-the wasps...have their own babies after all.”可知，黄蜂终究是能有自己的孩子的，could表示“能够”。故选A。 9．句意：黄蜂并没有把蜡螟当作自己的孩子，而是把它们当作小黄蜂的食物。 until直到；but但是；if如果；or或者。根据“The wasps didn’t keep the wax moths as their children...used them as food for their baby wasps.”可知，前后两句为转折关系，but表示转折关系。故选B。 10．句意：他的仔细观察是发现未知真相的最佳方式之一。 good好的，形容词；well好地，副词；better更好的；best最好的。根据“one of the...ways”可知，one of the+最高级+名词复数，“最……之一的”。故选D。 二．语法填空 A 根据内容与语境，用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 As teenagers, we often 1 (find) it hard to understand and control our emotions. Yesterday afternoon, Abigail 2 (prepare) for her geography test while her sister 3 (watch) TV loudly. This made her angry and they started arguing. Why are teenagers so emotional? Because we 4 (leave) childhood and our brains and bodies 5 (change) rapidly now. These physical changes 6 (cause) emotional ups and downs. To manage emotions, first, we should 7 (recognise) them. Then, don’t just 8 (hide) feelings—talk to friends or write them down. Also, try not 9 (think) too much about the past. Remember, people around us should be patient as we 10 (learn) to deal with emotions. 【答案】1．find 2．was preparing 3．was watching 4．are leaving 5．are changing 6．cause 7．recognise 8．hide 9．to think 10．are learning 【导语】本文主要介绍青少年情绪化的原因，并就管理情绪给出建议。 【详解】1．句意：作为青少年，我们常常发现难以理解并控制自己的情绪。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“we”，动词用原形。故填find。 2．句意：昨天下午，阿比盖尔正在准备地理考试，而她的妹妹却大声看电视。根据“Yesterday afternoon, Abigail...for her geography test”可知，强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故填was preparing。 3．句意：昨天下午，阿比盖尔正在准备地理考试，而她的妹妹却大声看电视。本句强调在过去的时间点正在发生的动作，用过去进行时，故填was watching。 4．句意：因为我们正在告别童年，而且我们的大脑和身体此时正处于快速变化之中。由“now”可知，本句强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故填are leaving。 5．句意：因为我们正在告别童年，而且我们的大脑和身体此时正处于快速变化之中。由“now”可知，本句强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故填are changing。 6．句意：这些身体上的变化会导致情绪的起伏波动。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“These physical changes”，动词用原形。故填cause。 7．句意：要管理情绪，首先，我们要能够识别它们。情态动词should后用动词原形，故填recognise。 8．句意：然后，不要只是压抑自己的情绪——要和朋友交流或者把它们写下来。由“don’t”可知，此空用动词原形，故填hide。 9．句意：此外，尽量不要过多地去回想过去的事情。try not to do sth“尽量不要做某事”，故填to think。 10．句意：记住，我们身边的人应该对我们保持耐心，因为我们正在学习如何处理情绪。本句强调动作正在发生，用现在进行时，故填are learning。 B （25-26八年级上·辽宁沈阳·期中）阅读下面短文，然后在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 On October 18, 2025, the world lost a famous physicist—Yang Zhenning. He is one of the 1 (great) physicists in the world. He was born in 1922 and showed 2 early talent for science. As a young man, he studied hard and later went to the US for further education. In 1957, he 3 (win) the Nobel Prize in Physics with his partner Li Zhengdao—making them the 4 (one) Chinese nationals to receive the honour. As a scientist born in China, he never forgot his motherland. He helped build connections 5 Chinese and American scientists. He also raised money 6 (support) Chinese scholars to study abroad. In 1999, Yang Zhenning returned to Tsinghua University and opened special courses to share 7 (he) rich academic (学术的) experience with students. What he did made a big difference in the field of science in China. His work has 8 (complete) changed how young Chinese scientists connect with the world’s physics community. Yang once advised students: “Be honest with science and never be afraid of 9 (challenge)” We will always remember this great man. He not only made great contributions to physics 10 also influenced many young scientists in China. 【答案】1．greatest 2．an 3．won 4．first 5．between 6．to support 7．his 8．completely 9．challenges/challenging 10．but 【导语】本文主要讲述了20世纪最具影响力的物理学家之一杨振宁的生平事迹、科学成就以及对祖国的贡献。 【详解】1．句意：他是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。根据“one of the...physicists in the world”可知，此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，表示“最……之一”，great的最高级是greatest。故填greatest。 2．句意：他出生于1922年，很早就展现出了科学天赋。根据“showed...early talent for science”可知，此处是指展示出了科学天赋，show a talent for“展示出……的天赋”，固定短语，early是元音音素开头的单词，a改为an。故填an。 3．句意：1957年，他和搭档李政道一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，使他们成为首批获得这一荣誉的华人。根据“In 1957”可知，句子时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，win的过去式是won。故填won。 4．句意：1957年，他和搭档李政道一起获得了诺贝尔物理学奖，使他们成为首批获得这一荣誉的华人。根据“making them the...Chinese nationals to receive the honour”可知，此处是指使他们成为首批获得这一荣誉的华人，表示“第一”用序数词first。故填first。 5．句意：他帮助建立了中美科学家之间的联系。根据“connections...Chinese and American scientists”可知，此处是指中美科学家之间的联系，between...and...“在……和……之间”，固定搭配。故填between。 6．句意：他还筹集资金支持中国学者出国留学。根据“raised money...Chinese scholars to study abroad”可知，此处是指筹集资金的目的是支持中国学者出国留学，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to support。 7．句意：1999年，杨振宁回到清华大学，开设了特殊课程，与学生们分享他丰富的学术经验。根据“share...rich academic (学术的) experience”可知，此处是指分享他丰富的学术经验，修饰名词experience用形容词性物主代词his“他的”。故填his。 8．句意：他的工作已经彻底改变了中国年轻科学家与世界物理界联系的方式。根据“has...changed”可知，此处是指已经彻底改变，用副词completely“完全地，彻底地”修饰动词changed。故填completely。 9．句意：杨振宁曾经告诫学生：“对待科学要诚实，永远不要害怕挑战。”根据“be afraid of...”可知，此处是指害怕挑战，of是介词，后接名词或动名词作宾语，此处用名词复数或动名词。故填challenges/challenging。 10．句意：他不仅为物理学做出了巨大贡献，还影响了中国的许多年轻科学家。根据“not only made great contributions to physics...also influenced many young scientists in China”可知，此处是not only...but also...“不仅……而且……”固定搭配。故填but。 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $