精品解析：北京市第十九中学2026-2027学年高三上学期开学考英语试卷

北京十九中高三英语摸底试题 2026，8 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I stared into the mirror, obsessed over the face glaring back at me. “If I didn’t have this scar (伤疤),” I whispered, “maybe people would like me more.” Because of the scar on my face, I often felt lonely and ___1___. Going to school every day caused ___2___ in my chest — I had to face stares and questionings. Years of being laughed at ___3___ all my confidence. I constantly sought ___4___ from others, which led me to fall in with the wrong crowd. Deep inside, I knew I was on the wrong path and needed a change — leave my fears behind and be free to be me without the need to please and fit in. ___5___, in middle school, my life took a turn. I started to hang out with uplifting friends, who accepted me without ___6___, teaching me how to love myself. Ms. Lewis, my social-studies teacher, also inspired me to be the ___7___ I wanted to see in the world and invited me to give a class speech. In front of the class, my legs ___8___ like trees in a storm, but as I spoke, I forgot my nervousness. For the first time, I didn’t feel like the “girl with a scar” — I felt brave and confident. After my speech, Ms. Lewis smiled, “Your voice ___9___. Never be afraid to be different.” At that moment, everything changed. I no longer stared into the mirror wishing I was normal. Instead, I saw myself as the mirror for those who feel different to see: our difference is our ___10___. 1. A. impatient B. unaccepted C. impolite D. uninterested 2. A. regret B. anger C. tightness D. emptiness 3. A. hid B. tested C. stole D. challenged 4. A. feedback B. forgiveness C. advice D. approval 5. A. Thankfully B. Gradually C. Apparently D. Generally 6. A. purpose B. complaint C. judgment D. fear 7. A. harbor B. change C. bond D. guide 8. A. froze B. stood C. bent D. shook 9. A. matters B. rises C. breaks D. flattens 10. A. hope B. luck C. faith D. power 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者因脸上的伤疤而自卑，在朋友和老师的帮助下，逐渐改变心态，认识到自己的与众不同是一种力量的故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因为脸上的伤疤，我常常感到孤独和不被接受。A. impatient不耐烦的；B. unaccepted不被接受的；C. impolite不礼貌的；D. uninterested不感兴趣的。根据下文“Going to school every day caused in my chest — I had to face stares and questionings.”可知，作者要面对别人的凝视和质疑，可推测作者因为伤疤感觉自己不被接受。故选B。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天上学都让我胸口发紧——我不得不面对别人的注视和质疑。A. regret遗憾；B. anger愤怒；C. tightness紧绷、发紧；D. emptiness空虚。根据后文“I had to face stares and questionings.”可知，上学对作者来说是一种压力，导致胸口发紧，这是紧张或焦虑的生理反应。故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：多年被嘲笑偷走了我所有的自信。A. hid隐藏；B. tested测试；C. stole偷走；D. challenged挑战。根据前文“Years of being laughed at”可知，作者长期被嘲笑导致自信丧失，stole形象地表达了这种逐渐失去的过程。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不断寻求他人的认可，这让我误入歧途。A. feedback反馈；B. forgiveness原谅；C. advice建议；D. approval认可、赞同。根据后文“which led me to fall in with the wrong crowd.”可知，作者因为渴望被他人认可而结交了不良群体。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在中学时，我的生活发生了转变。A. Thankfully幸运地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Apparently显然地；D. Generally一般地。根据后文“I started to hang out with uplifting friends, who accepted me without , teaching me how to love myself. Ms. Lewis, my social-studies teacher, also inspired me to be the I wanted to see in the world and invited me to give a class speech.”可知，作者结交了好朋友、受到老师鼓励等积极变化，所以作者感到很幸运。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始和积极向上的朋友交往，他们毫无评判地接纳了我，教会我如何爱自己。A. purpose目的；B. complaint抱怨；C. judgment评判；D. fear恐惧。根据后文“teaching me how to love myself.”可知，这些朋友无条件接纳作者，不带有评判。故选C。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的社会研究课老师Lewis女士也激励我成为我想在世界上看到的改变，并邀请我做课堂演讲。A. harbor港湾；B. change改变；C. bond纽带；D. guide向导。根据上文“Deep inside, I knew I was on the wrong path and needed a change — leave my fears behind and be free to be me without the need to please and fit in.”可知，作者想要做出改变，这里老师激励作者成为想看到的改变，呼应前文。故选B。 【8题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：站在全班面前，我的腿像暴风雨中的树一样颤抖，但当我开始讲话时，我忘记了紧张。A. froze冻结；B. stood站立；C. bent弯曲；D. shook颤抖、摇晃。根据后文“like trees in a storm,”可知，暴风雨中的树会被吹得摇晃，此处形容作者因紧张而腿发抖。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：你的声音很重要。永远不要害怕与众不同。A. matters重要、要紧；B. rises上升；C. breaks打破；D. flattens变平。根据后文“Never be afraid to be different.”老师鼓励作者的语境，此处表示“你的声音很重要”，即作者的话是有价值的。故选A。 【10题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：相反，我把自己的经历当作一面镜子，让那些感到与众不同的人看到：我们的不同就是我们的力量。A. hope希望；B. luck运气；C. faith信念；D. power力量。根据文章主旨，作者最终接纳了自己的伤疤，认识到与众不同不是缺陷而是力量。故选D。 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 As a variant of American football, flag football is a type of sport in which a player must remove a flag belt from the ball carrier to end a down. The first rule of the game is that contact____11____players is not permitted. Recently, it____12____(gain) great popularity in China among young people. It’s engaging and ridiculously fun. That’s why the percentage of people____13____ (join) a flag football club through online channels has risen to a new high level. 【答案】11. between 12. has gained 13. joining 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了夺旗橄榄球在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。 【11题详解】 考查介词。句意：比赛的第一条规则是球员之间不允许有身体接触。表示“在两者之间”应用介词between。故填between。 【12题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：最近，它在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。根据时间状语“recently”可知，使用现在完成时，主语为it，助动词用has。故填has gained。 【13题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是为什么通过在线渠道加入夺旗橄榄球俱乐部的人的比例上升到一个新的高度。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词has risen，空处需填非谓语动词作定语，people和join为逻辑主谓关系，需填现在分词形式。故填joining。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Old Connections, a telecommunications museum in Seattle, with a working exchange from the 1940s,____14____(show) how telephones brought us together, but also tore us apart. Perhaps it should not be____15____(surprise) that the Internet has brought with it a new wave of horrific destructiveness. History itself is a kind of radio programme, broadcast to us in frequencies that become harder to receive as we forget the old ways. But as long as we keep the ancient exchanges running, we have a way to remember and understand____16____we come from. 【答案】14. shows 15. surprising 16. where 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章以西雅图的电信博物馆“旧连接”一台从20世纪40年代就开始运作的交换机引入话题，告诉我们要保留古老的交流方式。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：西雅图的电信博物馆“旧连接”(Old Connections) 拥有一台从20世纪40年代就开始运作的交换机，它展示了电话是如何让我们走到一起的，但也让我们分开了。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语Old Connections是专有名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填shows。 【15题详解】 考查形容词。句意：互联网带来了一波可怕的破坏性浪潮，也许这并不奇怪。空处需填形容词作表语，修饰后文提到的事情，需用-ing结尾的形容词。故填surprising。 【16题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：但只要我们保持这种古老的交流，我们就有办法记住和理解我们来自哪里。空处引导宾语从句，句子缺少地点副词，用连接副词where引导。故填where。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Wang Dakang, aged 88, is a model of lifelong learning. In the 1980s, he was the first person____17____(accomplish) a round trip of China using only a bicycle. To edit this experience into his book, Wang decided to go to college. At the age of 61, he____18____(admit) into college, majoring in journalism. By 2012, he had completed three majors in college. At present, Wang lives in Leshan, where he spends his days following carefully____19____(plan) routines. His study starts at 6 am every morning, during____20____he reads and takes notes from newspapers. Wang said, “There is so much to learn and I will continue learning until the very end.” 【答案】17. to accomplish 18. was admitted 19. planned 20. which 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了骑游中国的王大康的人生经历。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪80年代，他是第一个只用自行车完成中国往返旅行的人。名词person前面有the first修饰，需填动词不定式作后置定语。故填to accomplish。 【18题详解】 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：61岁时，他被大学录取了，主修新闻专业。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，be admitted into为固定短语，意为“被……录取”，主语为he，be动词用was。故填was admitted。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：目前，王住在乐山，在那里他每天都按照精心安排的日程生活。空处需填非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词routines，二者为逻辑动宾关系，需填过去分词形式。故填planned。 【20题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他每天早上6点开始学习，在此期间他阅读并从报纸上做笔记。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作介词during的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38 分) 第一节 (共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读短文，从所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium (水族馆) The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbourne’s CBD, is one of Victoria’s leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city. ◆ Opening Times Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing. ◆ Location (位置) Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street, Melbourne. It is situated on the Yarra River, opposite Crown Entertainment Complex. ◆ Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium Train Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations. Tram(有轨电车) The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route and also routes 70 and 75. City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions. Shuttle Bus The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City. Running daily, every 15 minutes from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. ◆ Car Parking While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away. ◆ Wheelchair Access Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets. ◆ Terms Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted. Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. No ticket, no entry! 21. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium ______________. A. is located at the center of the CBD in the city B. has 12 most attractive places in Melbourne C. admits visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm D. is beside Crown Entertainment Complex 22. Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, visitors can take _____________. A. trains from Southern Cross train station B. shuttle buses around the train station C. boats across the Yarra River D. either tram route 70 or 75 23. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors _____________. A. free car parking B. wheelchair access C. Internet connection D. transportation service 24. Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium _____________. A. are free to all visitors B. can be purchased by email C. rare checked at the entrance D. can be printed at the ticket office 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇广告应用文。文章介绍了墨尔本海洋馆的基本情况，说明了墨尔本海洋水族馆的开放时间、位置、到达方式、便利和服务条款等内容。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一句“The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbourne’s CBD, is one of Victoria’s leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family.”（全新的墨尔本海洋生活水族馆，位于墨尔本CBD的中心，是维多利亚州的主要游客景点之一，也是全家难忘的出游）可知海洋生物墨尔本水族馆位于城市CBD的中心。故选A。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium”部分讲的内容“The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route and also routes 70 and 75.”（海洋生物墨尔本水族馆火车站位于免费的环城有轨电车路线和70和75号路线上）可知前往墨尔本海洋生物水族馆，游客可以乘坐电车线路70或75。故选D。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Wheelchair Access”部分“Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones.”（墨尔本海洋生活水族馆为坐轮椅的人提供了所有12个区域的完全访问权）可知墨尔本海洋生物水族馆为游客提供轮椅通道。故选B。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。本题适合用排除法。A是错误答案，因为文中最后提到要支付后才能打印票；B项错误，因为票会在支付后用电子邮件发过来，而不是电子邮件订购；D项错误在于文中提到要自己打印，在入口处递呈。排除以上答案，只有C项正确。故选C。 考点：考查广告布告类阅读。 【点睛】 阅读的方法可以使用以下几种： 1.跳读：就是快速的一步阅读法。实际上是有选择阅读，找关键词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 2.略读：指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。即泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答why、how之类的问题。 3.精读：即最细致、最慢的深层阅读方法，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。 而对于广告类的文章，一定要掌握快递阅读的技巧，找到文章关键词，比如文章标题Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium（水族馆），我们可以很容易知道文章要介绍某个水族馆的情况，然后直接阅读题目，再在每个项目中找到细节信息即可。如第一小题Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium________.我们根据文章第一句“situated in the heart of Melbourne’s CBD”就可以找到答案。B偷换了discovery为place，表达不正确；C项为错误答案，允许进入的最后时间为5：00，而不是6：00。D项为错误答案，文章中用的是opposite对面，而不是beside旁边。故A正确。 B In the state of Georgia, one farmer has made it his mission not only to feed the hungry but to help them grow their own food in their own backyard. “My main goal is to make sure that underserved communities that have been excluded or overlooked have access to locally grown food,” said Bobby Wilson, who operates the nonprofit Metro Atlanta Urban Farm. Since 2009, Wilson has taught thousands of people how to plant and grow their own vegetables and prepare meals with them, including onions, garlic, cucumbers, tomatoes, collard greens, squash, and eggplant. “Not only can you learn from my 35 years of doing this type of work,” Wilson said, “but you can learn from our community gardeners who are growing food in a natural way.” Wilson, the first college graduate in his family, worked with the University of Georgia for more than 20 years, bringing gardening education and programs to public housing complexes, schools and churches throughout Metro Atlanta. Through his work, he saw a great need for fresh, healthy food in low-income urban communities. When he retired in 2009, he used a portion of his retirement savings to purchase the farm and help fill the gap. “I saw the need,” Wilson said. “Plus, when you retire, you should do something you really enjoy.” He estimates with the rising price of food, people could save thousands yearly by growing their own fruits and vegetables. He also points out the health benefits that fresh produce brings. Millions of households in the US are struggling to feed their families. And this is what motivates Wilson’s efforts. “When small and disadvantaged farmers didn’t have the avenue to get rid of that produce because people were not coming out to buy, we had an opportunity to help keep them alive,” Wilson said. “We were buying food from African American farmers who did not have outlets and giving it away.” Wilson continues to offer free food to those in need at a drive-through giveaway every week, where families can secure healthy produce. Over the years, Wilson says he has hosted a lot of students in grades K-12 for farm tours and agricultural S.T.E.M. field trips. He works with farmers and gardeners of all ages and skill levels, from preschoolers to seniors, to provide education and access to affordable produce. “We’re more than just a farm,” he said. “We’re about justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, because at the end of the day, I want my grandchildren to have it better than what I have it today.” 25. Wilson started the Metro Atlanta Urban Farm mainly to ______. A. make a living B. pursue his career C. promote health awareness D. help the communities 26. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. Wilson’s farm has been around for over 30 years B. Wilson undertakes some educational initiatives at the farm C. some small and disadvantaged farmers joined Wilson’s farm D. thousands of students have attended Wilson’s classes on farming 27. What does Wilson think of his farm? A. Underestimated. B. Unexpected. C. Imperfect. D. Promising. 【答案】25. D 26. B 27. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了数以百万计的美国家庭正在为养家糊口而苦苦挣扎，而经营着一家非盈利的亚特兰大都市农场的Bobby Wilson正努力帮助住在附近的许多个家庭和农民。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“My main goal is to make sure that underserved communities that have been excluded or overlooked have access to locally grown food(我的主要目标是确保那些被排斥或忽视的服务不足的社区能够获得当地种植的食物)”可知，Wilson创办亚特兰大都市农场主要是为了帮助社区，故选D。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“He works with farmers and gardeners of all ages and skill levels, from preschoolers to seniors, to provide education and access to affordable produce.(与所有年龄和技能水平的农民和园丁合作，从学龄前儿童到老年人，提供教育和负担得起的农产品)”可知，Wilson在农场开展了一些教育活动。故选B。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re more than just a farm,” he said. “We’re about justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, because at the end of the day, I want my grandchildren to have it better than what I have it today.”(“我们不仅仅是一个农场，”他说。“我们关注的是正义、公平、多样性和包容性，因为最终，我希望我的孙子们能比我今天过得更好。”)”可知，Wilson认为他的农场很有前途，故选D。 C In autumn of 1975, two mothers in Lyme, Connecticut, were desperate for answers their doctors could not provide. Their families and others in the Lyme area were suffering from a mysterious (神秘的) illness. Two doctors from Yale, Allan Steere and Stephen Malawista, began an investigation that would result in a groundbreaking medical discovery. The doctors began by conducting individual examinations of each patient. They found patients of all ages were suffering from a set of symptoms (症状) rarely observed together. Blood samples revealed no virus that offered a clue about the cause. However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹) with a bull’s-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose. Armed with this new clue, the Department of Health worked with the Yale doctors, conducting surveys to learn where the disease was most widely seen. It seemed that the majority of patients lived in heavily wooded areas, who spent a good deal of time outdoors, gardening, landscaping, or playing. The symptoms were nearly always experienced for the first time during summer. Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds. By 1977, investigators confirmed that the deer tick was responsible. But no one could say why it was causing the illness or how patients could be treated. In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer discovered a specific type of bacteria (细菌), carried by the deer tick, which was causing the disease. But how did the deer tick acquire the bacteria in the first place? Finally, scientists determined that the ticks picked up the bacteria from their hosts. As its name suggests, the deer tick often feeds on deer, carriers of the Lyme disease bacteria. Scientists concluded that the bacteria passed from wildlife to ticks to humans. All lived closely among one another in the area. How could a disease from a common parasite (寄生虫) spring up so suddenly? Many areas of the northeast, including Lyme, were once farmland. The farmland was replanted with trees. After the forest grew in, the area was then developed with houses. Gradually, neighborhoods pushed deeper into the habitat of deer ticks and, more importantly, the wildlife they fed upon. As humans encountered more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease. One of the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease is where and when it truly began. This puzzle may never be solved. Today, Lyme disease — if caught early — is easily treated with antibiotics, thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctors, and patients. 28. Which of the following method helped Dr. Steere and Dr. Malawista most? A. Conducting patient interviews. B. Carrying out a field survey. C. Studying patients’ blood samples. D. Separating patients into age groups. 29. From the passage, we can learn that _______. A. deer ticks were first carriers of the Lyme disease bacteria B. patients’ remembrance of tick bites was vital to the medical discovery C. Lyme disease spread because deer ticks and humans both fed on deer D. Lyme disease is less common now because people spend less time outdoors 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A Desperate Need B. An Unsolved Puzzle C. A Medical Mystery D. An Effective Treatment 【答案】28. A 29. B 30. C 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病—莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹)with a bull’s-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose.(然而，他们在病人的采访中发现了大量有效的信息：四分之一的人回忆起一种牛眼样式的皮疹，大约在其他症状出现的四周之前)”可知，采访病人这种方法对Dr. Steere和Dr. Malawista的研究起到了极大的帮助。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds.(重要地是，一些人回忆起了被蜱咬过，这种蜱多数以哺乳动物和鸟类的血液为食)”可知，病人回忆起被蜱咬过这件事对医学发现非常重要。其他三项文中均未提及。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段“One of the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease is where and when it truly began. This puzzle may never be solved.(关于莱姆病仍存的一个谜团是它究竟是在何时何地真正起源的。这个谜题或许永远无法解开)”以及本文主要讲述了科学家们致力于研究一种神秘的疾病—莱姆病，最终找到这种疾病的来源、出现的原因及治疗方法。可知，本文最合适的标题是C选项“A Medical Mystery(一种神秘的疾病)”。 D I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B. The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C. Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D. The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 32. According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A. suggests caution before correcting others B. emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C. results from flawed reasoning techniques D. enjoys wide support in the academic field 33. The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A. the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B. geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C. scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D. scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 34. In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A. express concerns for misinformation B. analyze the main cause of science denial C. advocate employing technique rebuttal D. present the problems scientists encounter 【答案】31. B 32. A 33. C 34. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章提出了否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧这一问题，然后就此问题提出解决办法，即要有技术性的反驳，鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题。 【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第二段的“Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism.”(如今，科学家们在哪里？自从那时起，否认科学的危害只增不减: 由于对气候变化的不作为，全球苦难加剧，随着对疫苗的怀疑，一些流行病不断出现。)可知，作者提出 “科学家如今都在哪里？”，这暗示了科学家们如今都保持沉默，从而加剧了否认科学所造成的危害。故选B。 2.推理判断题。根据第四段的“Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive.”( 大多数情况下，他们的借口都是基于“回火效应”，2010年的一值得怀疑的发现是，当人们面对纠正性信息时，人们有时会更强烈地接受错误概念，这意味着反击谬误是适得其反的。)可知，backfire effect(回火效应)表明，人们在纠正别人时会产生适得其反的效果，所以推断出，backfire effect(回火效应)表明在纠正其他人之前要谨慎。故选A。 3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“...conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions... It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust.”(进行了超过1000次20分钟的采访，在采访中，他们听取新任父母对疫苗的关注，并回答了他们的问题......在科学传播中，你不能仅凭事实就说服一个否认科学的人，这是不言而喻的；大多数否认科学的人并不缺乏信息，而是缺乏信任。)和最后一段“If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer.”(如果你花更多的时间问问题而不是解释，人们就会更加注意你给出的解释。)可以推断出，最后两段表明，在互动过程中，科学家被鼓励要去仔细聆听他人且问他人问题，故选C。 4.推理判断题。文章第一段讲了2017年“我”和70000位科学家一起在波士顿的科学大会上维护事实和真理。第二段讲述了如今，科学家们都保持沉默，否认科学所造成的危害不断加剧。第三段作者表明只要投入时间就能改变别人对科学的否认。第四段作者用“回火效应”来表明，在纠正别人之前要谨慎。第五段作者提出反驳别人的谬误是有效果的。第六段，第七段和第八段介绍了“技术性的反驳”在实践中的应用，同时要鼓励科学家在互动过程中，要仔细聆听他人，且问他人问题。所以，综合全文可知，作者先提出现有的问题，即否认科学造成危害不断加剧，然后提出解决办法--即要有技术性的反驳，所以可推断出，作者写这篇文章的目的就是要提倡使用技术性的反驳，故选C。 第二节 (共 6 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Hesitation as intuition (直觉) You’ve thought about it. You’ve made your decision and then.….you hesitate. Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. ____35____ Our culture values doing. We’re constantly urged to “go for it.” But what if hesitation is not a sign of weakness but rather a valuable signal? ____36____ But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. If you notice yourself hesitating, it might mean a part of you isn’t quite sure. Hesitation can be the body’s way of alerting us to overlooked details or concealed information that could be crucial to our choice. Since hesitation can carry such significance, it becomes essential to understand the nature of the signals our bodies send. Although distinguishing between intuition and fear or anxiety is not easy, when we cultivate the habit of self-awareness and understand our fears, we can begin to decipher (辨认) the messages behind our hesitation. Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations. ____37____ Therefore, by integrating our emotions and physical sensations into the decision-making process, we access a more comprehensive understanding. To make more informed decisions, we can employ specific strategies. One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. ____38____ Another interesting way to look at making a decision is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision. And before it’s too late, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. ____39____ By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity. A. It’s easy to miss intuitive signals when we are moving from thinking minds. B. They work within fixed frameworks that might not match the complex reality. C. While our minds are undoubtedly powerful, our bodies also hold a wealth of wisdom. D. In nature, the key to effective decision-making lies in seeing hesitation as a help. E. Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything differs. F. Hesitation means your intuition is trying to speak to you from deep inner place. G. This hesitation is common yet often overlooked in our decision-making process. 【答案】35. G 36. C 37. B 38. E 39. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了犹豫的重要意义以及做出更明智的决定，我们可以采用具体的策略。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate.(你的鼠标悬停在“立即购买”按钮上，你已经写好了文字，但无法让自己按下“发送”。你犹豫)”可知，选项承接上文说明这种现象的普遍性和被忽视性。故G选项“这种犹豫很常见，但在我们做决定的过程中却经常被忽视”切题。故选G项。 【36题详解】 根据下文“But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. (但是我们并没有经常去倾听我们身体的声音。当我们集中注意力的时候，我们可以接触到很多非理性的信息，包括我们的直觉)”可知，选项承接下文说明我们的身体中藏着巨大的智慧。故C选项“虽然我们的思想无疑是强大的，但我们的身体也拥有丰富的智慧”切题。a wealth of wisdom呼应a lot of nonrational information。故选C项。 【37题详解】 根据上文“Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations.(此外，我们的理性思维也有其局限性)”可知，选项承接上文具体说明局限性的内容。故B选项“它们在固定的框架内工作，可能与复杂的现实不匹配”切题。故选B项。 【38题详解】 根据上文“One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait.(我们可以帮助自己做出具体决定的一种方法是注意到犹豫的时候，如果你有时间，等待)”可知，选项与上文为并列关系继续说明犹豫的时候该做的事情。故E选项“回顾一下你认为自己做出的决定，看看是否有什么不同”切题。故选E项。 【39题详解】 根据下文“By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity.(通过整合理性和直觉的元素，我们可以更有信心和更清晰地处理复杂的选择)”可知，选项在总结全文强调了犹豫在决策中的重要作用且这种作用能够帮助我们处理复杂的选择。故D选项“从本质上讲，有效决策的关键在于将犹豫视为一种帮助”切题。故选D项。 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 How can we avoid food waste in our daily life? Rayner Loi has got his own way. He keeps a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. That way, when he goes to the supermarket, he has a better idea of how much food he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shopping accordingly. He believes individual action like this is important to solve the problem of food waste, but he’s also got his sights set higher. In 2017 he founded Lumitics, a company that tracks food waste on a large scale—with the aim of helping hotels and airlines, which serve thousands of meals a day, figure out how much avoidable waste they’re producing. Equipped with weight sensors, cameras, and AI technology, Lumitics’ smart garbage cans (垃圾箱) can recognize and track the type and amount of food that gets thrown out—including whether it’s spoiled, uneaten or kitchen waste. As a result, its customers can use the data of the waste to adjust the amount of food they prepare or buy, leading to a great waste reduction. For instance, Lumitics has helped the hotels it works with reduce food waste considerably, keeping more than 300,000 meals out of landfills in 2019. The company is also beneficial for its customers’ economic outcomes. Hotel restaurants often operate on relatively thin profits, “so any savings for them actually is really significant for their business,” he says. Loi got the idea for Lumitics when, while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. He sees food waste as one of the most overlooked problems facing the world. “I think my generation desperately long for meaning and purpose in our lives, so we want to work on challenging problems and create solutions that will bring about deep impact for the world,” he says, “what our group want to achieve is really clear in terms of the number of meals saved and the amount of carbon emissions (排放) avoided.” 40. How does Rayner Loi know how much food he eats in a week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What benefits does Lumitics bring to its customers? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from Rayner Loi’s way of saving food, how do you avoid food waste in your daily life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. By keeping a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. 41. The great waste reduction and better economic outcomes. 42. Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. Rayner Loi got the idea for Lumitics when/while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. 43. (1)To reduce food waste, I always encourage my family to finish our meals when we eat out, or to take away the leftovers for later use. I often use leftovers to make new dishes like soups or stir-fries. This not only helps reduce waste but also lets me get creative with cooking. (2)I usually store food properly, which is a good way to prevent wasting. For example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigerator, while dry goods are stored in airtight containers in a cool and dry place. By doing this, I can reduce food waste. (3)Gardening is my way to avoid food waste. Backyard composting is a great way to keep food waste out of the landfill and provide nutrition for my garden. For instance, in this way vegetable peels don’t have to go to waste but to my garden or my composting containers. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了Rayner Loi创立Lumitics来减少食物浪费。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“He keeps a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. That way, when he goes to the supermarket, he has a better idea of how much food he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shopping accordingly.(他在手机上记录了家中每周变质食物的细节。这样，当他去超市时，他就能更好地了解自己一周实际吃了多少食物，并能相应地调整自己的购物计划)”可知，雷纳·洛伊通过在手机上记录他家里每周变质食物的细节知道他一周吃多少食物。故答案为By keeping a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“As a result, its customers can use the data of the waste to adjust the amount of food they prepare or buy, leading to a great waste reduction.(因此，它的客户可以使用废物的数据来调整他们准备或购买的食物数量，从而大大减少了浪费)”以及“The company is also beneficial for its customers’ economic outcomes.(该公司也有利于其客户的经济成果)”可知，Lumitics可以让客户大大减少浪费，取得更好的经济效益。故答案为The great waste reduction and better economic outcomes. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据最后一段“Loi got the idea for Lumitics when, while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry.(Loi在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了创办Lumitics的想法)”可知，错误部分为“by his experience of food shortage in his own life”，因为Rayner Loi在新加坡工作时，看到孩子们在挨饿，于是萌生了制作Lumitics的想法。故答案为Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. Rayner Loi got the idea for Lumitics when/while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“除了雷纳·罗的节约食物的方法，你在日常生活中如何避免食物浪费”可回答：(1)为了减少食物浪费，我总是鼓励我的家人在外出就餐时把饭吃完，或者把剩菜带走以后用。我经常用剩菜做汤或炒菜之类的新菜。这不仅有助于减少浪费，还能让我在烹饪上更有创意。(2)我通常妥善储存食物，这是防止浪费的好方法。例如，我确保像水果和蔬菜这样的物品存放在冰箱里，而干货则存放在阴凉干燥的密封容器中。通过这样做，我可以减少食物浪费。(3)园艺是我避免食物浪费的方法。后院堆肥是一个很好的方法，使食物垃圾远离垃圾填埋场，并为我的花园提供营养。例如，用这种方法，蔬菜皮不必浪费，而是要放在我的花园或堆肥容器里。故答案为(1)To reduce food waste, I always encourage my family to finish our meals when we eat out, or to take away the leftovers for later use. I often use leftovers to make new dishes like soups or stir-fries. This not only helps reduce waste but also lets me get creative with cooking. (2)I usually store food properly, which is a good way to prevent wasting. For example, Iensure item s like fruit and vegetables are kept in the refrigerator, while dry goods are stored in airtight containers in a cool and dry place. By doing this, I can reduce food waste. (3)Gardening is my way to avoid food waste. Backyard composting is a great way to keep food waste out of the landfill and provide nutrition for my garden. For instance, in this way vegetable peels don’t have to go to waste but to my garden or my composting containers. 第二节 (20 分) 44. 假定你是李华，计划在暑假参加一个国际夏令营，你发现营地将提供大量一次性餐具，认为这种做法存在问题。请给负责人George写封邮件，内容包括： (1)说明问题； (2)提出建议。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：一次性餐具disposable tableware Dear George, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear George, I’m Li Hua, a to-be participant of the upcoming international summer camp. I am writing to share my concerns about the wide use of disposable tableware in the camp. As I have noticed, plenty of disposable tableware will be provided for campers every day. This practice will produce massive waste, causing serious environmental pollution. Besides, most disposable tableware is made of non-degradable materials, which can do great harm to the ecosystem. To solve the problem, I’d like to put forward some practical suggestions. First, we can prepare reusable tableware like stainless steel bowls and spoons for daily use. Second, campers are welcome to bring their own tableware. It will not only cut down waste but also help us develop a green lifestyle. Hope you can take my advice into consideration. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】本篇书面表达要求考生以李华的身份，给国际夏令营负责人George写一封邮件，指出营地使用大量一次性餐具的问题并提出合理建议，体现了环保意识和解决问题的能力。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming → approaching / forthcoming 产生：produce → generate 严重的：serious → severe 减少：cut down → reduce / minimize / decrease 2. 句式拓展 并列句变复合句和倒装句 原句：It will not only cut down waste but also help us develop a green lifestyle. 拓展句：Not only will it significantly cut down waste, but it will also help us develop a green lifestyle, which is essential for the sustainable development of our society. 【点睛】【高分句型1】This practice will produce massive waste, causing serious environmental pollution.(运用了现在分词作状语) 【高分句型2】Besides, most disposable tableware is made of non-degradable materials, which can do great harm to the ecosystem. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北京十九中高三英语摸底试题 2026，8 第一部分：知识运用 (共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 I stared into the mirror, obsessed over the face glaring back at me. “If I didn’t have this scar (伤疤),” I whispered, “maybe people would like me more.” Because of the scar on my face, I often felt lonely and ___1___. Going to school every day caused ___2___ in my chest — I had to face stares and questionings. Years of being laughed at ___3___ all my confidence. I constantly sought ___4___ from others, which led me to fall in with the wrong crowd. Deep inside, I knew I was on the wrong path and needed a change — leave my fears behind and be free to be me without the need to please and fit in. ___5___, in middle school, my life took a turn. I started to hang out with uplifting friends, who accepted me without ___6___, teaching me how to love myself. Ms. Lewis, my social-studies teacher, also inspired me to be the ___7___ I wanted to see in the world and invited me to give a class speech. In front of the class, my legs ___8___ like trees in a storm, but as I spoke, I forgot my nervousness. For the first time, I didn’t feel like the “girl with a scar” — I felt brave and confident. After my speech, Ms. Lewis smiled, “Your voice ___9___. Never be afraid to be different.” At that moment, everything changed. I no longer stared into the mirror wishing I was normal. Instead, I saw myself as the mirror for those who feel different to see: our difference is our ___10___. 1. A. impatient B. unaccepted C. impolite D. uninterested 2. A. regret B. anger C. tightness D. emptiness 3. A. hid B. tested C. stole D. challenged 4. A. feedback B. forgiveness C. advice D. approval 5. A. Thankfully B. Gradually C. Apparently D. Generally 6. A. purpose B. complaint C. judgment D. fear 7. A. harbor B. change C. bond D. guide 8. A. froze B. stood C. bent D. shook 9. A. matters B. rises C. breaks D. flattens 10. A. hope B. luck C. faith D. power 第二节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 As a variant of American football, flag football is a type of sport in which a player must remove a flag belt from the ball carrier to end a down. The first rule of the game is that contact____11____players is not permitted. Recently, it____12____(gain) great popularity in China among young people. It’s engaging and ridiculously fun. That’s why the percentage of people____13____ (join) a flag football club through online channels has risen to a new high level. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Old Connections, a telecommunications museum in Seattle, with a working exchange from the 1940s,____14____(show) how telephones brought us together, but also tore us apart. Perhaps it should not be____15____(surprise) that the Internet has brought with it a new wave of horrific destructiveness. History itself is a kind of radio programme, broadcast to us in frequencies that become harder to receive as we forget the old ways. But as long as we keep the ancient exchanges running, we have a way to remember and understand____16____we come from. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Wang Dakang, aged 88, is a model of lifelong learning. In the 1980s, he was the first person____17____(accomplish) a round trip of China using only a bicycle. To edit this experience into his book, Wang decided to go to college. At the age of 61, he____18____(admit) into college, majoring in journalism. By 2012, he had completed three majors in college. At present, Wang lives in Leshan, where he spends his days following carefully____19____(plan) routines. His study starts at 6 am every morning, during____20____he reads and takes notes from newspapers. Wang said, “There is so much to learn and I will continue learning until the very end.” 第二部分：阅读理解 (共两节，38 分) 第一节 (共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 阅读短文，从所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium (水族馆) The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbourne’s CBD, is one of Victoria’s leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city. ◆ Opening Times Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing. ◆ Location (位置) Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street, Melbourne. It is situated on the Yarra River, opposite Crown Entertainment Complex. ◆ Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium Train Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations. Tram(有轨电车) The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route and also routes 70 and 75. City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions. Shuttle Bus The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City. Running daily, every 15 minutes from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. ◆ Car Parking While there is no public car parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away. ◆ Wheelchair Access Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets. ◆ Terms Tickets will be emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted. Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. No ticket, no entry! 21. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium ______________. A. is located at the center of the CBD in the city B. has 12 most attractive places in Melbourne C. admits visitors from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm D. is beside Crown Entertainment Complex 22. Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, visitors can take _____________. A. trains from Southern Cross train station B. shuttle buses around the train station C. boats across the Yarra River D. either tram route 70 or 75 23. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors _____________. A. free car parking B. wheelchair access C. Internet connection D. transportation service 24. Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium _____________. A. are free to all visitors B. can be purchased by email C. rare checked at the entrance D. can be printed at the ticket office B In the state of Georgia, one farmer has made it his mission not only to feed the hungry but to help them grow their own food in their own backyard. “My main goal is to make sure that underserved communities that have been excluded or overlooked have access to locally grown food,” said Bobby Wilson, who operates the nonprofit Metro Atlanta Urban Farm. Since 2009, Wilson has taught thousands of people how to plant and grow their own vegetables and prepare meals with them, including onions, garlic, cucumbers, tomatoes, collard greens, squash, and eggplant. “Not only can you learn from my 35 years of doing this type of work,” Wilson said, “but you can learn from our community gardeners who are growing food in a natural way.” Wilson, the first college graduate in his family, worked with the University of Georgia for more than 20 years, bringing gardening education and programs to public housing complexes, schools and churches throughout Metro Atlanta. Through his work, he saw a great need for fresh, healthy food in low-income urban communities. When he retired in 2009, he used a portion of his retirement savings to purchase the farm and help fill the gap. “I saw the need,” Wilson said. “Plus, when you retire, you should do something you really enjoy.” He estimates with the rising price of food, people could save thousands yearly by growing their own fruits and vegetables. He also points out the health benefits that fresh produce brings. Millions of households in the US are struggling to feed their families. And this is what motivates Wilson’s efforts. “When small and disadvantaged farmers didn’t have the avenue to get rid of that produce because people were not coming out to buy, we had an opportunity to help keep them alive,” Wilson said. “We were buying food from African American farmers who did not have outlets and giving it away.” Wilson continues to offer free food to those in need at a drive-through giveaway every week, where families can secure healthy produce. Over the years, Wilson says he has hosted a lot of students in grades K-12 for farm tours and agricultural S.T.E.M. field trips. He works with farmers and gardeners of all ages and skill levels, from preschoolers to seniors, to provide education and access to affordable produce. “We’re more than just a farm,” he said. “We’re about justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion, because at the end of the day, I want my grandchildren to have it better than what I have it today.” 25. Wilson started the Metro Atlanta Urban Farm mainly to ______. A. make a living B. pursue his career C. promote health awareness D. help the communities 26. We can learn from the passage that ______. A. Wilson’s farm has been around for over 30 years B. Wilson undertakes some educational initiatives at the farm C. some small and disadvantaged farmers joined Wilson’s farm D. thousands of students have attended Wilson’s classes on farming 27. What does Wilson think of his farm? A. Underestimated. B. Unexpected. C. Imperfect. D. Promising. C In autumn of 1975, two mothers in Lyme, Connecticut, were desperate for answers their doctors could not provide. Their families and others in the Lyme area were suffering from a mysterious (神秘的) illness. Two doctors from Yale, Allan Steere and Stephen Malawista, began an investigation that would result in a groundbreaking medical discovery. The doctors began by conducting individual examinations of each patient. They found patients of all ages were suffering from a set of symptoms (症状) rarely observed together. Blood samples revealed no virus that offered a clue about the cause. However, they found fruitful information in their interviews with patients: one quarter of them recalled a skin rash (皮疹) with a bull’s-eye pattern about four weeks before other symptoms arose. Armed with this new clue, the Department of Health worked with the Yale doctors, conducting surveys to learn where the disease was most widely seen. It seemed that the majority of patients lived in heavily wooded areas, who spent a good deal of time outdoors, gardening, landscaping, or playing. The symptoms were nearly always experienced for the first time during summer. Crucially, some recalled having been bitten by a tick (蜱), which feeds mostly on the blood of mammals and birds. By 1977, investigators confirmed that the deer tick was responsible. But no one could say why it was causing the illness or how patients could be treated. In 1982, a scientist named Willy Burgdorfer discovered a specific type of bacteria (细菌), carried by the deer tick, which was causing the disease. But how did the deer tick acquire the bacteria in the first place? Finally, scientists determined that the ticks picked up the bacteria from their hosts. As its name suggests, the deer tick often feeds on deer, carriers of the Lyme disease bacteria. Scientists concluded that the bacteria passed from wildlife to ticks to humans. All lived closely among one another in the area. How could a disease from a common parasite (寄生虫) spring up so suddenly? Many areas of the northeast, including Lyme, were once farmland. The farmland was replanted with trees. After the forest grew in, the area was then developed with houses. Gradually, neighborhoods pushed deeper into the habitat of deer ticks and, more importantly, the wildlife they fed upon. As humans encountered more ticks, they became more likely to contract the disease. One of the remaining mysteries about Lyme disease is where and when it truly began. This puzzle may never be solved. Today, Lyme disease — if caught early — is easily treated with antibiotics, thanks to the hard work of many scientists, doctors, and patients. 28. Which of the following method helped Dr. Steere and Dr. Malawista most? A. Conducting patient interviews. B. Carrying out a field survey. C. Studying patients’ blood samples. D. Separating patients into age groups. 29. From the passage, we can learn that _______. A. deer ticks were first carriers of the Lyme disease bacteria B. patients’ remembrance of tick bites was vital to the medical discovery C. Lyme disease spread because deer ticks and humans both fed on deer D. Lyme disease is less common now because people spend less time outdoors 30. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A. A Desperate Need B. An Unsolved Puzzle C. A Medical Mystery D. An Effective Treatment D I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70.000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth. Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism. I've been out there talking to the science deniers, and I've asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren't worth talking to.” they'll say. “I wouldn't make a difference anyway.” What's wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust. To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it's not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when fared with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information. In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts, and engaging in illogical reasoning. A landmark 2019 study showed that critiquing the flawed techniques can contain the spread of misinformation. So how does “technique rebuttal” work in practice? Arnaud Gagneur and his colleagues at the University of Sherbrooke conducted more than 1.000 20-minute interviews in which they listened to new parents' concerns about vaccinations and answered their questions. Those parents' children were 9% more likely to receive all the vaccines on the schedule than were those of uninterviewed parents whose babies were delivered in the same maternity ward. One mother told him: “It's the first time that I've had a discussion like this, and I feel respected, and I trust you.” It is self-evident in science communication that you cannot convince a science denier with facts alone; most science deniers don't have a lack of information, but a lack of trust. So what should scientists do? Even non-experts can use technique rebuttal. A geologist can engage a neighbor who is vaccine hesitant. A protein biologist can coach an aunt or uncle who wants “more evidence” that climate change is real. Instead of shilling to more comfortable conversations, engage in respectful exchange. If you spend more time asking questions than offering explanations, people will be more likely to pay attention to the explanations that you do offer. 31. What can we learn from the passage? A. The Gathering for Science addressed online abuse. B. The silence of scientists worsens harm from science denial. C. Ineffective vaccines speed up the spread of some epidemics. D. The author's friends find it valuable to talk with science deniers. 32. According to the passage, the “backfire effect” ______. A. suggests caution before correcting others B. emphasizes the effectiveness of rebuttals C. results from flawed reasoning techniques D. enjoys wide support in the academic field 33. The last two paragraphs suggest that ______. A. the interviewed parents agreed to vaccination due to the sufficiency of the information B. geologists and protein biologists need to make sure the conversations are comfortable C. scientists are encouraged to listen carefully and ask questions during interaction D. scientists should teach non-experts how to conduct respectful exchanges 34. In writing this passage, the author aims to ______. A. express concerns for misinformation B. analyze the main cause of science denial C. advocate employing technique rebuttal D. present the problems scientists encounter 第二节 (共 6 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Hesitation as intuition (直觉) You’ve thought about it. You’ve made your decision and then.….you hesitate. Your mouse hovers over the “purchase now” button, you’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yourself to press “send”. You hesitate. ____35____ Our culture values doing. We’re constantly urged to “go for it.” But what if hesitation is not a sign of weakness but rather a valuable signal? ____36____ But we don’t always make it a practice to listen to our bodies. When we do pay attention, we have access to a lot of nonrational information including our intuition. If you notice yourself hesitating, it might mean a part of you isn’t quite sure. Hesitation can be the body’s way of alerting us to overlooked details or concealed information that could be crucial to our choice. Since hesitation can carry such significance, it becomes essential to understand the nature of the signals our bodies send. Although distinguishing between intuition and fear or anxiety is not easy, when we cultivate the habit of self-awareness and understand our fears, we can begin to decipher (辨认) the messages behind our hesitation. Moreover, our rational minds have their limitations. ____37____ Therefore, by integrating our emotions and physical sensations into the decision-making process, we access a more comprehensive understanding. To make more informed decisions, we can employ specific strategies. One way that we can help ourselves with a specific decision is to notice when there’s hesitation and, if you have the time, wait. ____38____ Another interesting way to look at making a decision is to walk up to the door of it. Take action as if you had already made the decision. And before it’s too late, notice how it feels to walk that path. That may give you more information than thinking ever could. ____39____ By integrating both rational and intuitive elements, we can handle the complex choices with greater confidence and clarity. A. It’s easy to miss intuitive signals when we are moving from thinking minds. B. They work within fixed frameworks that might not match the complex reality. C. While our minds are undoubtedly powerful, our bodies also hold a wealth of wisdom. D. In nature, the key to effective decision-making lies in seeing hesitation as a help. E. Check back in with the decision you thought you made and see if anything differs. F. Hesitation means your intuition is trying to speak to you from deep inner place. G. This hesitation is common yet often overlooked in our decision-making process. 第三部分：书面表达 (共两节，32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题；第 40、41 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 How can we avoid food waste in our daily life? Rayner Loi has got his own way. He keeps a note on his phone with details of the food that goes bad every week at his home. That way, when he goes to the supermarket, he has a better idea of how much food he actually eats in a week, and can adjust his shopping accordingly. He believes individual action like this is important to solve the problem of food waste, but he’s also got his sights set higher. In 2017 he founded Lumitics, a company that tracks food waste on a large scale—with the aim of helping hotels and airlines, which serve thousands of meals a day, figure out how much avoidable waste they’re producing. Equipped with weight sensors, cameras, and AI technology, Lumitics’ smart garbage cans (垃圾箱) can recognize and track the type and amount of food that gets thrown out—including whether it’s spoiled, uneaten or kitchen waste. As a result, its customers can use the data of the waste to adjust the amount of food they prepare or buy, leading to a great waste reduction. For instance, Lumitics has helped the hotels it works with reduce food waste considerably, keeping more than 300,000 meals out of landfills in 2019. The company is also beneficial for its customers’ economic outcomes. Hotel restaurants often operate on relatively thin profits, “so any savings for them actually is really significant for their business,” he says. Loi got the idea for Lumitics when, while working in Singapore, he saw kids go hungry. He sees food waste as one of the most overlooked problems facing the world. “I think my generation desperately long for meaning and purpose in our lives, so we want to work on challenging problems and create solutions that will bring about deep impact for the world,” he says, “what our group want to achieve is really clear in terms of the number of meals saved and the amount of carbon emissions (排放) avoided.” 40. How does Rayner Loi know how much food he eats in a week? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 41. What benefits does Lumitics bring to its customers? ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement then underline it and explain why. Rayner Loi was inspired to found Lumitics by his experience of food shortage in his own life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 43. Apart from Rayner Loi’s way of saving food, how do you avoid food waste in your daily life? (In about 40 words) ____________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节 (20 分) 44. 假定你是李华，计划在暑假参加一个国际夏令营，你发现营地将提供大量一次性餐具，认为这种做法存在问题。请给负责人George写封邮件，内容包括： (1)说明问题； (2)提出建议。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 参考词汇：一次性餐具disposable tableware Dear George, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $