精品解析：北京大学附属中学2025-2026学年高三上学期开学检测英语试卷

北大附中预科部2025—2026学年度阶段练习 英 语 2025.8 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 One day, I saw Kyle walking home from school. He came out of the classroom building with a thick stack of books held tight in his arms. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I ____1____ to myself, “Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd.” I shrugged my shoulders and went on. As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running toward him, knocking all his books out of his ____2____ and tripping him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. He looked up, and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. My heart went out to him. So I ran over to him, and as he crawled around ____3____ his glasses, I saw tears in his eyes. As I handed him his glasses, I said, “Those guys are mean.” He looked at me and smiled ____4____. Over the next years, Kyle and I became friends. On graduation day, Kyle was elected to ____5____ a graduation speech. He cleared his throat and began: “Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you through ____6____ years. I’ll tell you a story.” I looked at my friend with ____7____ as he told the story of the day we first connected. He had planned to drop out of school over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his ____8____ and was carrying his stuff home. He looked directly at me and gave me a smile. “Thankfully, my friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.” As this boy revealed his ____9____ moment, I saw his mom and dad giving me that same grateful smile. Not until that moment did I realize its depth. Never ____10____ the power of your actions. With one small gesture, you can change a person’s life. 1. A. explained B. shouted C. thought D. announced 2. A. arms B. backpack C. shelf D. shoulders 3. A. digging out B. picking up C. looking for D. pulling out 4. A. gratefully B. proudly C. coldly D. hesitantly 5. A. polish B. deliver C. recommend D. witness 6. A. smooth B. tough C. critical D. regular 7. A. trust B. pride C. pressure D. disbelief 8. A. cupboard B. locker C. wallet D. garage 9. A. darkest B. curious C. bravest D. shameful 10. A. measure B. exaggerate C. waste D. underestimate 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. B 9. A 10. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一次偶然帮助同学Kyle捡眼镜，从而阻止了他辍学，改变了其人生的故事。 【1题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我心想：“为什么有人会在星期五把所有书都带回家呢？”A. explained解释；B. shouted喊叫；C. thought认为，想；D. announced宣布。根据下文“Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd.”可知，这是作者内心的想法，故选C。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我走着的时候，我看到一群孩子朝他跑去，把他胳膊上的书都撞掉了，还绊倒了他，让他摔倒在泥里。A. arms胳膊；B. backpack背包；C. shelf架子；D. shoulders肩膀。根据上文“He came out of the classroom building with a thick stack of books held tight in his arms.”可知，书在Kyle的胳膊上，故选A。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我跑过去，当他爬来爬去找他的眼镜时，我看到他眼里含着泪水。A. digging out挖出；B. picking up捡起；C. looking for寻找；D. pulling out拔出。根据下文“As I handed him his glasses”可知，Kyle在找眼镜，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他看着我，感激地笑了。A. gratefully感激地；B. proudly骄傲地；C. coldly冷淡地；D. hesitantly犹豫地。根据上文“As I handed him his glasses, I said, “Those guys are mean.””可知，作者帮Kyle捡了眼镜并安慰了他，所以Kyle是感激地笑了，故选A。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业那天，Kyle被选去发表毕业演讲。A. polish擦亮，修改；B. deliver发表，递送；C. recommend推荐；D. witness目击，见证。根据下文“He cleared his throat and began”可知，Kyle要发表演讲，deliver a speech是固定搭配，意为“发表演讲”。故选B。 【6题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：毕业是感谢那些帮助你度过艰难岁月的人的时候。A. smooth顺利的；B. tough艰难的；C. critical批评的；D. regular有规律的。根据上文“thank those who helped you”以及后文Kyle提及“原本计划退学”可知，他曾经历“艰难的”时光可知，此处是指感谢那些在艰难时期帮助过你的人，故选B。 【7题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他讲述我们第一次联系的那天的故事时，我难以置信地看着我的朋友。A. trust信任；B. pride骄傲；C. pressure压力；D. disbelief难以置信。根据下文“as he told the story of the day we first connected. He had planned to drop out of school over the weekend.”可知，作者听到Kyle说他们第一次见面时他打算辍学，感到难以置信，故选D。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他谈到他是如何清理了自己的储物柜，并把东西带回家的。A. cupboard橱柜；B. locker储物柜；C. wallet钱包；D. garage车库。根据上文“He came out of the classroom building with a thick stack of books held tight in his arms.”可知，Kyle原本打算辍学，学校里用于存放个人物品的是“locker(储物柜)”，clean out his locker表示“清空储物柜”，符合“准备退学、带走个人物品”的语境，故选B。 【9题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当这个男孩透露他最黑暗的时刻时，我看到他的爸爸妈妈也给了我同样感激的微笑。A. darkest最黑暗的；B. curious好奇的；C. bravest最勇敢的；D. shameful可耻的。根据上文“He had planned to drop out of school over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his 　8　 and was carrying his stuff home.”可知，Kyle原本打算辍学，这是他人生中最黑暗的时刻，故选A。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：永远不要低估你的行动的力量。A. measure测量；B. exaggerate夸张；C. waste浪费；D. underestimate低估。根据下文“With one small gesture, you can change a person’s life.”可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉我们，永远不要低估自己的行动的力量，一个小小的举动就能改变一个人的一生，故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When the girls on the school softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice Taylor watched her teammate Paris play. Suddenly, Paris ____11____(fall) to the ground with the eyes rolling back. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?” To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. ____12____ oxygen, the brain would be damaged quickly. Amazingly, Taylor ____13____(take) a CPR course the day before so she ran to Paris immediately and began doing CPR. Luckily, the girl was saved. 【答案】11. fell 12. Without 13. took##had taken 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了学校垒球队训练时，队员Paris突然晕倒， Taylor因学过心肺复苏术（CPR）及时施救，最终Paris获救的故事。 【11题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：突然，Paris倒在地上，眼睛向后翻。文章讲述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，fall的过去式为fell。故填fell。 【12题详解】 考查介词。句意：没有氧气，大脑会很快受损。根据前文提到做心肺复苏是为了让血液流动并将氧气输送到器官，这里强调没有氧气会导致的后果，所以用without表示“没有”，句首首字母大写。故填Without。 【13题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：令人惊讶的是，Taylor前一天参加了心肺复苏课程，所以她立刻跑向Paris并开始做心肺复苏。这里可以从两个角度理解时态。一是把Taylor参加课程看作一个事实，与文章整体时态，用一般过去时took；二是从“过去的过去”这个角度，因为Taylor在Paris晕倒（过去的动作）之前就已经参加了课程，强调“过去的过去”发生的动作，用过去完成时had taken。故填took/had taken。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Jiangsu City Super League also called the “Suchao” attracts thousands of players and fans every year. Many matches ____14____ (hold) on weekends, providing exciting entertainment for families and friends who gather to cheer for their favorite teams. Having grown rapidly in recent years, the league now includes over 100 teams ____15____ (compete) in various divisions. Broadcast online and covered by local media, the League helps discover talented players who may later join professional clubs. With its rapid ____16____ (grow), it has become an important part of Jiangsu's football culture. 【答案】14. are held 15. competing 16. growth 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了江苏城市超级联赛（“苏超”）的发展、赛事安排、影响及其在江苏足球文化中的重要地位。 【14题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：许多比赛在周末举行，为聚集在一起为自己喜爱的球队加油的家人和朋友提供了激动人心的娱乐。根据前文“every year”以及“attracts”等词可知，此处描述的是经常性、习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时；主语Many matches与动词hold之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are held。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：近年来，该联赛迅速发展，现在已有超过100支球队在各个级别中竞争。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词teams；动词compete与名词teams之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填competing。 16题详解】 考查名词。句意：随着它的快速发展，它已经成为江苏足球文化的重要组成部分。根据空前形容词“rapid”可知，空处需用名词形式；grow的名词为“growth”，为不可数名词。故填growth。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence. These bad habits, if ____17____ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, ____18____, most experts believe, can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems. To change these bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by ____19____ (we). We make a choice to do something, and then repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change it, if we understand ___20___ habits work. 【答案】17. left 18. which 19. ourselves 20. how 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍青少年易养成不良习惯及改变习惯的可能性。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些不良习惯如果不加以控制，在他们成年后可能会导致更严重的习惯。此处为if引导的条件状语从句中的省略结构，bad habits与leave为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词，完整形式为“if they are left unchecked”。故填left。 【18题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：例如，有些人可能会染上吸烟或酗酒的恶习，大多数专家认为，这可能会导致身心健康问题。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“tobacco or alcohol abuse”，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 【19题详解】 考查代词。句意：在很多方面，我们的生活方式是我们自己做出的选择的总和。此处为固定搭配“by oneself”，意为“独自、亲自”，主语是we，所以用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 【20题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就能改变它。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作understand的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，表“习惯如何运作”，用连接词how。故填how。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca. Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (城堡) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination. Hiking to Machu Picchu * The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping). * For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu. * Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance. Tips for Visiting * Getting acclimated: Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air. * Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours. * Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen. * Don't bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends. 21. Which of the following hiking options is recommended for those who want to avoid crowds? A. Hiking along the Inca Trail. B. Trekking around Salkantay Mountain. C. The express Salkantay trek offered by UNESCO. D. The Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. 22. What can be inferred from the passage about the Choquequirao trek? A. It is closed throughout the year for maintenance. B. It is more popular than the Salkantay Mountain trek. C. Travelers on this trek can explore an archaeological site. D. It is the most challenging hiking route to Machu Picchu. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare different ways of traveling to Machu Picchu. B. To emphasize the importance of protecting Machu Picchu. C To introduce the history and culture of the Inca civilization. D To provide a comprehensive guide on how to travel to Machu Picchu. 【答案】21. B 22. C 23. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍通往印加古城马丘比丘的多条徒步路线及游览贴士：选路线、适应高海拔、购票、携带防晒雨具并禁带无人机，雨伞与登山杖。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“* For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes.(对于那些想要不那么拥挤的体验的人来说，有许多不同的徒步旅行选择，其中一个是在秘鲁安第斯山脉最壮观的山峰之一萨尔坎泰山周围)”可知，想要避开人群的游客可以选择围绕萨尔坎泰山徒步。故选B项。 【22题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu.(对考古学感兴趣的游客可以考虑选择“乔克奎拉奥徒步旅行+马丘比丘延伸行程”的组合。该行程包括在鲜有人至的陡峭阿普里马克峡谷进行壮观的徒步旅行，之后还会探访乔克奎拉奥考古遗址，最后再前往马丘比丘)”可推断出，选择这条徒步路线的旅行者可以探索Choquequirao考古遗址。故选C项。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca. Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (城堡) of Machu Picchu (meaning ‘the ancient peak’) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination.(神秘，辉煌，强大。这些词描述了印加帝国。每年，游客们都会涌向马丘比丘的印加城堡（意为‘古老的山峰’），寻找失落的文明。但要去这个联合国教科文组织世界遗产并不便宜和容易。以下是如何熟练地导航到秘鲁最著名的目的地)”并纵观全文可知，文章开篇引出马丘比丘，接着介绍了徒步到马丘比丘的多种方式，然后给出了参观马丘比丘的诸多提示，如适应环境、门票、携带物品和禁止携带物品等，整体是围绕如何前往马丘比丘并提供全面的旅行指南展开。故选D项。 B One day this early summer, Richard Browning headed to his farmyard in the English countryside. He attached a kerosene-fueled micro gas turbine(燃气涡轮)-effectively a small version of a plane engine-to each of his arms and legs. Then he carefully pressed the trigger in his right hand. For months Browning had been working on this secret project. Now the moment of truth had arrived. In the modest surroundings of the UK countryside, “Wiltshire’s Iron Man” took to the sky. Sort of. Browning’s first lift-off was short and clumsy. For a few seconds, he hovered(盘旋) half a metre off the ground, landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up around him. But it was, unmistakably, flight. “That was the very first moment we properly proved this would work,” he says. “That was it.” Two and a half years ago, 38-year-old Browning decided he wanted to fly. Human-powered flight was, he knew, “a very strange field”. Nonetheless, it fascinated him. He tried gliding with wings and electric fan motors, working weekends and evenings. Then he had an inspiration-what if he fastened a jet engine to his body and built a real-life version of Tony Stark’s iconic suit? Nine months since his first test flight and Browning’s intuition has paid off. His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six gas turbines with a combined thrust(推力) of 130 kilograms. His feet are covered by ultra-light snake-bite resistant walking boots imported from the US. And his flights, from a few seconds, now last as long as twelve minutes. The suit can travel at a speed of up to 450 kilometres an hour, although Browning hasn’t tested it to anywhere near full capacity. It is constantly improving. Working with a company that had created augmented reality(增强现实) swimming goggles, Browning has developed a holographic lens “genuinely like a heads-up display fighter system”. With this in place, he’ll be able to monitor his fuel levels. He’s full of plans for future enhancements: automated balancing systems; 3D-printed arm mounts; flexible LCD screens “so it will go invisible at the touch of a button”. Browning says the suit, which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor, is stable and simple to control. But it is an augmentation of human ability, not a personal helicopter. “To me, that makes a lot of sense of where I’ve gone with my career and my life”, says Browning. Fulfilling an ancient dream: a fragile human body, rising slowly into the air. 24. What did Browning do in his first lift-off? A. He glided with wings. B. He wore Tony Stark’s suit. C. He met technical problems. D. He made an awkward landing. 25. What can we know about Browning’s suit? A. It contains six micro gas turbines. B. It is attached to electric fan motors. C. It is ultra-light snake-bite resistant. D. It has automated balancing systems. 26. According to the passage, which words can best describe Richard Browning? A. Curious and generous. B. Passionate and creative. C. Cooperative and honest. D. Ambitious and faithful. 【答案】24. D 25. A 26. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了布朗宁不断努力，终于研发成功小型飞行器的全部过程。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章的第三段“Browning’s first lift-off was short and clumsy. For a few seconds, he hovered half a metre off the ground, landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up around him.(布朗宁的第一次升空是短暂而笨拙的。他在离地面半米高的地方盘旋了几秒钟，不受控制地停了下来，周围扬起了一团团灰尘)”可知，布朗宁的第一次飞行的着陆时不受控制，非常笨拙。即他的着陆很尴尬。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six gas turbines with a combined thrust of 130 kilograms(他的衣服是一种轻型外骨骼，连接在6个燃气涡轮机上，总推力为130公斤)”可知，他的衣服搭载了六个燃气涡轮机。故选A。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第六段“The suit can travel at a speed of up to 450 kilometres an hour, although Browning hasn’t tested it to anywhere near full capacity. It is constantly improving.( 这款宇航服可以以每小时450公里的速度飞行，尽管布朗宁还没有对它进行过接近全容量的测试。它在不断改进)”以及文章倒数第二段“Browning says the suit, which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor, is stable and simple to control(布朗宁称这种以希腊传奇发明家代达罗斯命名的宇航服稳定且易于控制)”可知，布朗宁研发了新型的飞行器并且不厌其烦地对其修改。由此推知，他是一个充满激情并且富有创造力的人。故选B。 C On a sunny day, biologists David Duffy and Jessica Farrell head out on a boat along the Matanzas River to catalog the area’s aquatic life. Although the muddy waters obscure most signs of life, a pod of dolphins appears. Some toss fish in the air, while others pass by as underwater shadows. But even rarer species leave behind molecular traces of their presence — DNA. All living beings shed DNA, whether from skin, hair, or pollen. This environmental DNA (eDNA) is changing how scientists study biodiversity and conservation. Traditionally, monitoring required physical presence — perhaps a watchful observer or motion-sensitive cameras. But eDNA acts like a footprint, lasting longer than the animal or plant itself. This makes it especially useful for tracking biodiversity, as it can reveal species thought to be extinct or identify invasive ones. However, interpreting eDNA is not without challenges. In the Matanzas River, it's easy to guess that dolphin DNA will be in the samples, considering the large number of dolphins present. However, unlike a time-stamped photo from a camera trap, eDNA doesn’t reveal when an animal left its genetic trace. Studies show eDNA can persist in water for hours to weeks, depending on environmental factors. If eDNA is inconsistent in samples taken on the same day or over several days, it may indicate that the animal has moved on or the DNA came from another location. The longevity of eDNA in water is affected by variables like temperature, which accelerates DNA decay above 20℃, and water chemistry. For example, eDNA behaves differently in fast-moving glacier-fed rivers compared to slow-moving rivers like the Amazon. More global studies are needed to understand these variations fully. One potential benefit of eDNA's movement is its accumulation in bodies of water like lakes, which may act as “biodiversity accumulators.” A single lake could store DNA from all life in an entire watershed. To improve accuracy, researchers take multiple samples, and new methods using RNA, DNA's molecular cousin, could help pinpoint organisms more recently present in an area. RNA, unlike DNA, decays faster, providing a clearer indication that an animal was recently in an area. RNA from an organism breaks down within three to five hours, but it may remain detectable for up to 72 hours. This provides a shorter detection window than DNA but allows for more precise tracking. Additionally, RNA can offer unique ecological insights, such as determining an organism's sex, age, or environmental stress. It can even distinguish between living and dead organisms. Although samples currently need to be sent to the lab for analysis, emerging technologies could make field analysis possible. Using CRISPR technology, scientists are working on rapid field tests that can detect DNA in water within an hour. These tests, known as SHERLOCK, have already been used to scan estuaries for endangered fish species. Such real-time sampling could guide where more thorough analysis is needed, conserving resources and improving efficiency. As species continue to decline or go extinct due to climate change and other human pressures, a global approach to cataloging biodiversity becomes more crucial. “Not having a good understanding of biodiversity puts us in a very bad position of understanding what we are losing,” says ecologist Cristescu. 27. Why is eDNA more advantageous than traditional monitoring methods? A. It reduces workload and is more cost-effective. B. It provides real-time information about animals. C. It distinguishes between living and dead species. D. It captures a wider range of species information. 28. Which of the following best reflects a challenge in eDNA research? A. The eDNA of different animals can accumulate in a single lake. B. The eDNA detection results are affected by environmental factors. C. The eDNA analysis provides a shorter detection window than RNA. D. The eDNA analysis works differently for slow-moving water bodies. 29. What can best describe the author's attitude toward the future of field-ready technologies like SHERLOCK? A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 30. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Riverside Ecology: Why eDNA Helps to Track Traces in the Field. B. From Footprints to Fingerprints: Biodiversity Monitoring Reshaped. C. The Biolaboratory's Future: The Inevitable Rise of eDNA Technologies. D. Vanishing Species: Conservation of Biodiversity Despite Human Activity. 【答案】27. D 28. B 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍环境DNA（eDNA）如何改变生物多样性研究，及相关挑战与技术发展。 【27题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Traditionally, monitoring required physical presence — perhaps a watchful observer or motion-sensitive cameras. But eDNA acts like a footprint, lasting longer than the animal or plant itself. This makes it especially useful for tracking biodiversity, as it can reveal species thought to be extinct or identify invasive ones.(传统上，监测需要人员现场参与——可能是一名警惕的观察者或运动感应相机。但环境DNA（eDNA）就像足迹一样，比动植物本身存在的时间更长。这使得它在追踪生物多样性方面特别有用，因为它能发现被认为已灭绝的物种，或识别入侵物种。)”可知，eDNA比传统监测方法更有优势，是因为它能捕捉更广泛的物种信息。故选D项。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Studies show eDNA can persist in water for hours to weeks, depending on environmental factors. If eDNA is inconsistent in samples taken on the same day or over several days, it may indicate that the animal has moved on or the DNA came from another location.(研究表明，根据环境因素的不同，eDNA在水中可存在数小时至数周。如果同一天或数天内采集的样本中eDNA不一致，可能意味着动物已经离开，或该DNA来自其他地方。)”及第四段中的“The longevity of eDNA in water is affected by variables like temperature, which accelerates DNA decay above 20℃, and water chemistry.(环境 DNA（eDNA）在水中的留存时间会受到多种变量的影响，例如温度 ——20℃以上的温度会加速 DNA 的降解，此外还有水的化学性质。)”可知，eDNA研究的挑战之一是检测结果受环境因素影响。 故选B项。 【29题详解】 推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Although samples currently need to be sent to the lab for analysis, emerging technologies could make field analysis possible. Using CRISPR technology, scientists are working on rapid field tests that can detect DNA in water within an hour. These tests, known as SHERLOCK, have already been used to scan estuaries for endangered fish species. Such real-time sampling could guide where more thorough analysis is needed, conserving resources and improving efficiency.(尽管目前样本仍需送往实验室分析，但新兴技术有望实现现场分析。利用CRISPR技术，科学家正致力于研发能在一小时内检测水中DNA的快速现场检测方法。这种名为SHERLOCK的检测方法已被用于在河口扫描濒危鱼类。这种实时采样能指导需要更深入分析的区域，节省资源并提高效率。)”可知，作者提到SHERLOCK已投入使用且能带来资源节约、效率提升的好处，由此可推断作者对其未来持乐观态度。 故选C项。 【30题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，文章开篇以生物学家监测水生生物引出eDNA，接着对比传统监测方法，阐述eDNA的优势（追踪更广泛物种）、挑战（受环境因素影响），再介绍RNA辅助改进及SHERLOCK等现场检测技术，最后强调eDNA对生物多样性研究的重要性。所以最佳标题为“eDNA等新技术重塑了生物多样性监测方式”。 故选B项。 D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares. One concern about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 31. What is the function of Paragraph 3 in the passage? A. To introduce the concept of intellectual modesty. B. To criticize the conservative mindset of scientists. C. To illustrate the challenges scientific community faces. D. To explain why methodological reformers need self-reflection. 32. What does the word “demoralizing” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Worrying. B. Confusing. C. Destructive. D. Discouraging. 33. What will the author probably agree with? A. Nosek’s strategy is among the best methodological tools. B. Nosek’s strategy can increase the motivation of scientists. C. The public should not be informed of scientific uncertainty. D. Intellectual modesty might drive collective progress in science. 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show self-reflection is also part of science. B. To suggest a humble attitude in doing science. C. To explain why the public misunderstands science. D. To argue against adopting a single method in science. 【答案】31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了心理学教授Brian Nosek提出的“假设自己错了”这一策略，及其对科学界和公众理解科学的影响。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. (因此，部分挑战在于如何将批判性的自我反思融入科学文化本身，使其成为这一过程中受欢迎且不可或缺的一部分，而非尴尬的插曲。)”可知，第三段主要阐述了科学界面临的将自我反思融入科学文化的挑战。故选C。 【32题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第五段“Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. (努力减少错误可能比“证明自己是对的”这一预期，激励效果更弱。)”可知，“demoralizing”指这种方法可能削弱科学家的积极性，即“令人气馁的”。故选D。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. (尽管有这些担忧，我还是喜欢Nosek的建议，因为它融入了认知谦逊，同时让我们意识到自己可以做得更好。它还融入了社群意识 —— 在无法完全正确地处理事情时，我们都在同一条船上。)”可知，作者认为认知谦逊可能推动科学界的集体进步。故选D。 【34题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段““Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. (“假设你错了。”这条建议来自心理学教授Brian Nosek，他提出了一种追求更好科学的策略。)”以及倒数第二段中“Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. (尽管有这些担忧，我还是喜欢Nosek的建议，因为它既包含了认知上的谦逊，又让我们觉得自己可以做得更好。)”可知，文章主要建议了在做科学时保持谦逊的态度。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction. ____35____ By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable. We can divide daily activities into four categories: Pleasing, Living, Agonizing, and Yielding. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. ____36____ In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. ____37____ They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth. In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice. ____38____ The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful. Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses (剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax. ____39____ Once you've reflected on how you spend your time, aim for one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you want to do more — perhaps a short walk, trying something new, or working on a project aligned with your values. Gradually replace moments that leave you drained or distracted with those that make you feel engaged and present. A. Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits. B. The benefits of these activities are often immediate but rarely last long. C. Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed. D. These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event. E. Unlike Pleasing activities, Living activities are the tasks that demand your full attention. F. But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires. G. While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly. 【答案】35. C 36. D 37. A 38. G 39. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍日常活动的四类划分与特点，建议用有意义活动替代消耗性活动。 【35题详解】 根据上文“Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction.(现代生活为我们提供了无数种打发日子的方式，但并非所有活动都能带来相同的满足感。)”以及下文“By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable.(通过了解我们所参与的不同类型的活动，我们可以做出更有意的选择，创造一种既有意义又充满乐趣的生活。)”可知，空处应承接上文“并非所有活动满足感相同”，并引出下文“不同类型活动”，C选项“Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed.(有些活动能立即让我们振奋，有些会给我们带来挑战，而有些则在不知不觉中让我们疲惫不堪。)”具体说明了不同活动的不同影响，符合“不同类型活动”的语境，起到承上启下的作用。故选C项。 【36题详解】 根据上文“Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello.(愉悦型活动是低投入、高回报的时刻。它们几乎不需要计划或时间——比如在大自然中散步、听自己喜欢的播放列表，或者打电话给朋友只是打个招呼。)”以及下文“In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures.(事实上，最能恢复精力的体验往往来自这些微小的日常乐趣。)”中的“In reality”可知，空处应讲述人们对这些日常愉悦活动的错误看法，D选项“These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event.(这些简单的快乐常常被忽视，因为人们认为乐趣必须涉及一件大事。)”既指代上文提到的“在大自然中散步”等简单愉悦活动，又与下文内容形成对比，符合语境。故选D项。 【37题详解】 根据下文“They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth.(起初它们可能会让人觉得有挑战性，但它们与你的价值观相符，并能给你带来强烈的意义感。这可能是学习一项新技能，或者通过完成一个高要求的项目走出自己的舒适区。这样的体验比愉悦型活动需要更多的努力，但它们会让你感觉更有活力，对个人成长至关重要。)”可知，本段介绍的活动类型具有“有挑战性、符合价值观、促进个人成长”的特点，结合前文已介绍“Pleasing activities”，此处应是介绍第二类活动“Living activities”，A选项“Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits.(成长型活动是那些能让你突破自我极限的活动。)”既点明了活动类型，又“突破自我极限”与下文“有挑战性、走出舒适区”相呼应，符合语境，可作本段小标题。故选A项。 【38题详解】 根据上文“In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice.(与这些令人满足的体验相反，煎熬型活动是那些你觉得必须做但却会耗尽你精力且几乎带不来乐趣的活动。它们可能包括不愉快的任务、自我强加的义务，或者如果可以选择你会避免的家务。)”以及下文“The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful.(我们的目标不是消除所有煎熬型活动，而是改进你处理它们的方式，让它们不那么消耗精力或更具目的性。)”可知，空处应围绕“煎熬型活动是否可消除”展开，G选项“While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly.(虽然有些是不可避免的，但当你诚实地审视它们时，很多其实是可以选择的。)”既承认了部分煎熬型活动的必然性，又说明部分可选择，与下文“不是消除所有”相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。 【39题详解】 根据上文“Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses(剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax.(消磨型活动不需要太多努力，但也提供不了多少满足感。这些活动包括无意识地刷社交媒体、看平庸的娱乐节目，或者在不紧急的情况下反复查看收件箱。少量进行时，这类活动是无害的放松方式。)”可知，空处应讲述“大量进行消磨型活动”的负面影响，F选项“But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires.(但随着时间的推移，它们会取代有意义的体验，让你偏离真正的渴望。)”中“over time”与上文“in small doses”形成对比，“取代有意义的体验”点明了负面影响，符合语境。故选F项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Learning favoritism The human brain tends to play favorites. Its prejudices, well demonstrated by psychological studies, include the “halo effect”: if we like a certain quality in a person, we’re more likely to view their unrelated traits positively as well. There’s also “affinity bias”, which refers to how we are attracted to people with backgrounds or characteristics similar to our own. Now a study shows how cognitive biases could profoundly affect our most basic learning and memory processes. “What we show is not that people are biased; that we already kind of know,” says Inés Bramão, a psychologist at Sweden’s Lund University and co-author of the new study, published in Communications Psychology. “We give an explanation of why people are biased. The key may be that we are more likely to expand our knowledge based on information provided by people we like.” Such bias could help explain how people develop strongly polarized (两极分化的) views. Study participants first chose “teammates” and “opponents” from among images of random faces based on their like or dislike of the faces. Then they created imaginary backstories for each chosen face, giving characteristics and identities they liked to teammates and ones they disliked to opponents. Next, participants viewed images of each face set in a landscape or other background alongside a common household object, as if the person were “showing” the participant the object. Later, the participants tried to match up objects that had shared the same background—this time, without the faces displayed. This tested their ability to learn new information through a process called memory integration: linking memories of multiple past events to make new inferences. The participants did significantly better when linking objects that had initially been “presented” by an individual they liked, which the researchers say indicates a fundamental bias in how we associate previously learned information with a new, partially related event. The study authors suggest this finding helps to show how people’s opinions can become intensely polarized and increasingly extreme. If we tend to build understanding based mostly on what we learn from a limited set of liked individuals—largely because of their similarities to us—these beliefs can remain unchallenged, leading to narrowing viewpoints. Psychologist Charles Stone of the City University of New York says that this study is just the beginning and that further research could move beyond images to test learning with real-world events. “This could have important implications for how people make inferences and connect dots about their beliefs that then match their worldviews,” he says. “There’s a lot of potential moving forward.” 40. What are the prejudices mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Why are people cognitively biased according to the study? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like to challenge their narrowing viewpoints. ________________________________________________________________ 43. What method(s) can you adopt to overcome the cognitive bias in your daily life? ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】40. Halo effect and affinity bias. 41. Because people are more likely to expand their knowledge based on information provided by those they like. 42. The study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like to challenge their narrowing viewpoints. According to the passage, the study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like, which leaves their beliefs unchallenged and leads to narrowing viewpoints. 43. Possible version One highly effective method is to actively seek out opposing viewpoints, rather than only consuming content that confirms what we already think. This helps us weigh information more objectively, thereby reducing bias. After practicing this regularly, seeking diverse perspectives will become a natural part of the thinking process, helping us make more rational decisions. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇关于心理学与认知科学的说明文。 围绕一项关于认知偏见如何影响学习与记忆的科学研究，细致探讨认知偏见（如光环效应、亲和力偏见）如何影响人类的学习、记忆和观点形成，并延伸至社会现象（如观点极化）的成因。研究强调了主观情感偏好对客观知识构建的深层影响。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“Its prejudices, well demonstrated by psychological studies, include the “halo effect”: if we like a certain quality in a person, we’re more likely to view their unrelated traits positively as well. There’s also “affinity bias”, which refers to how we are attracted to people with backgrounds or characteristics similar to our own.(心理学研究充分证明了它的偏见，包括“光环效应”：如果我们喜欢一个人的某种品质，我们更有可能积极看待他们不相关的特质。还有“亲和偏见”，指的是我们如何被背景或特征与自己相似的人所吸引)”可知，本文介绍了两个心理学偏见，分别是halo effect（光环效应）和affinity bias（亲和力偏差）。故填Halo effect and affinity bias. 【41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段引语“We give an explanation of why people are biased. The key may be that we are more likely to expand our knowledge based on information provided by people we like.(我们会解释为什么人们会有偏见。关键可能是我们更有可能根据我们喜欢的人提供的信息来扩展我们的知识).”可知，研究人员认为人们会有偏见，主要因为人们学习知识时是偏向于自己喜欢的人提供的信息。原文是引用，所以整理答案时，要注意人称，其中主语要用people，our对应为their。故答案为Because people are more likely to expand their knowledge based on information provided by those they like. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第五段“The study authors suggest this finding helps to show how people’s opinions can become intensely polarized and increasingly extreme. If we tend to build understanding based mostly on what we learn from a limited set of liked individuals—largely because of their similarities to us—these beliefs can remain unchallenged, leading to narrowing viewpoints.(该研究的作者认为，这一发现有助于说明人们的观点是如何变得两极分化和越来越极端的。如果我们倾向于将理解主要建立在我们从有限的喜欢的个人身上学到的东西上——很大程度上是因为他们与我们相似——这些信念就不会受到挑战，从而导致狭隘的观点)”可知，人们总是倾向于从自己喜欢的人身上获取信息来建立自己的理解和认知，不会提高自己，很难挑战自我新高度，从而导致狭隘的观点。所以原句中最后的to challenge their narrowing viewpoints部分与文章内容不符，应表示“这样会使他们狭隘的观点不受挑战”。故答案为The study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like to challenge their narrowing viewpoints. According to the passage, the study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like, which leaves their beliefs unchallenged and leads to narrowing viewpoints. 【43题详解】 考查逻辑思维。题目要求写出一个或者两个以上在日常生活中克服认知偏见的方法。根据第五段“The study authors suggest this finding helps to show how people’s opinions can become intensely polarized and increasingly extreme. If we tend to build understanding based mostly on what we learn from a limited set of liked individuals—largely because of their similarities to us—these beliefs can remain unchallenged, leading to narrowing viewpoints.(该研究的作者认为，这一发现有助于说明人们的观点是如何变得两极分化和越来越极端的。如果我们倾向于将理解主要建立在我们从有限的喜欢的个人身上学到的东西上——很大程度上是因为他们与我们相似——这些信念就不会受到挑战，从而导致狭隘的观点)”可知，人们总是倾向于从自己喜欢的人身上获取信息来建立自己的理解和认知，不会提高自己，很难挑战自我新高度，从而导致狭隘的观点。据此我们应该克服这种偏向，不应该只接受自己喜欢的人的信息和观点，可以向更多的人甚至自己的对手学习。故答案为One highly effective method is to actively seek out opposing viewpoints, rather than only consuming content that confirms what we already think. This helps us weigh information more objectively, thereby reducing bias. After practicing this regularly, seeking diverse perspectives will become a natural part of the thinking process, helping us make more rational decisions. 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期，你校英国外教Jim做了关于口语训练方法的讲座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并简述收获； 2.说明你口语练习中仍存在的困惑并寻求帮助。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Possible version 1 Dear Jim, I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Hongxing Middle School. I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your recent lecture on oral English training methods. Your lecture was extremely engaging and informative. I’ve learned various practical techniques, like the importance of imitation and the value of daily practice. These tips have inspired me to practice more regularly and I’ve noticed a slight improvement in my pronunciation. However, I still face some challenges. I often feel nervous when speaking English, which leads to frequent pauses and mistakes. Also, I’m not sure how to expand my vocabulary in a short time for more fluent communication. Could you offer me some advice? Your guidance would be of great help. Thank you again for your wonderful lecture Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua Possible version 2 Dear Jim, I’m Li Hua, a senior three student from Hongxing Middle School. I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your enlightening lecture on oral training methods. Your innovative techniques, especially the “shadowing” exercise and daily self-recording tips, have inspired me to practice more actively. I now realize the importance of mimicking natural rhythms and reflecting on my own speech patterns. However, I still struggle with two challenges. First, despite memorizing vocabulary, I often freeze when organizing thoughts into fluent sentences during conversations. Second, I’m unsure how to self-correct pronunciation errors effectively without immediate feedback. Could you kindly recommend specific strategies or resources to address these issues? Your guidance would mean a lot to me. Thank you again for sharing your expertise. Looking forward to your advice. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。要求考生就外教Jim关于口语训练方法的讲座写一封电子邮件表达感谢并简述收获，说明你口语练习中仍存在的困惑并寻求帮助。 【详解】1.词汇积累：（参照version 1） 感谢：gratitude→appreciation 紧张的：nervous→tense 激发：inspire→motivate 扩充：expand→enlarge 2.句式拓展： 同义句 原句：I’ve learned various practical techniques, like the importance of imitation and the value of daily practice.  拓展句：I’ve learned various practical techniques, which include the importance of imitation and the value of daily practice.  【点睛】【高分句型 1】I’m writing to express my sincere gratitude for your recent lecture on oral English training methods.（运用了动词不定式做目的状语） 【高分句型 2】I often feel nervous when speaking English, which leads to frequent pauses and mistakes.（运用which引导的非限制性定语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 北大附中预科部2025—2026学年度阶段练习 英 语 2025.8 本试卷共10页，100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 One day, I saw Kyle walking home from school. He came out of the classroom building with a thick stack of books held tight in his arms. It looked like he was carrying all of his books. I ____1____ to myself, “Why would anyone bring home all his books on a Friday? He must really be a nerd.” I shrugged my shoulders and went on. As I was walking, I saw a bunch of kids running toward him, knocking all his books out of his ____2____ and tripping him so he landed in the dirt. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. He looked up, and I saw this terrible sadness in his eyes. My heart went out to him. So I ran over to him, and as he crawled around ____3____ his glasses, I saw tears in his eyes. As I handed him his glasses, I said, “Those guys are mean.” He looked at me and smiled ____4____. Over the next years, Kyle and I became friends. On graduation day, Kyle was elected to ____5____ a graduation speech. He cleared his throat and began: “Graduation is a time to thank those who helped you through ____6____ years. I’ll tell you a story.” I looked at my friend with ____7____ as he told the story of the day we first connected. He had planned to drop out of school over the weekend. He talked of how he had cleaned out his ____8____ and was carrying his stuff home. He looked directly at me and gave me a smile. “Thankfully, my friend saved me from doing the unspeakable.” As this boy revealed his ____9____ moment, I saw his mom and dad giving me that same grateful smile. Not until that moment did I realize its depth. Never ____10____ the power of your actions. With one small gesture, you can change a person’s life. 1. A. explained B. shouted C. thought D. announced 2. A. arms B. backpack C. shelf D. shoulders 3. A. digging out B. picking up C. looking for D. pulling out 4. A. gratefully B. proudly C. coldly D. hesitantly 5 A. polish B. deliver C. recommend D. witness 6. A. smooth B. tough C. critical D. regular 7. A. trust B. pride C. pressure D. disbelief 8. A. cupboard B. locker C. wallet D. garage 9. A. darkest B. curious C. bravest D. shameful 10. A. measure B. exaggerate C. waste D. underestimate 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 When the girls on the school softball team were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, Taylor watched her teammate Paris play. Suddenly, Paris ____11____(fall) to the ground with the eyes rolling back. Then the softball coach shouted out, “Does anyone know CPR?” To do CPR, you press on the sick person's chest so that blood moves through the body and takes oxygen to organs. ____12____ oxygen, the brain would be damaged quickly. Amazingly, Taylor ____13____(take) a CPR course the day before so she ran to Paris immediately and began doing CPR. Luckily, the girl was saved. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Jiangsu City Super League also called the “Suchao” attracts thousands of players and fans every year. Many matches ____14____ (hold) on weekends, providing exciting entertainment for families and friends who gather to cheer for their favorite teams. Having grown rapidly in recent years, the league now includes over 100 teams ____15____ (compete) in various divisions. Broadcast online and covered by local media, the League helps discover talented players who may later join professional clubs. With its rapid ____16____ (grow), it has become an important part of Jiangsu's football culture. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence. These bad habits, if ____17____ (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, ____18____, most experts believe, can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems. To change these bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by ____19____ (we). We make a choice to do something, and then repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change it, if we understand ___20___ habits work. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。 A Mysterious. Brilliant. Powerful. These words describe the Inca. Every year, visitors rush to the Incan citadel (城堡) of Machu Picchu (meaning “the ancient peak”) in search of the lost civilization. But getting to this UNESCO World Heritage site isn’t cheap and easy. Here’s how to expertly navigate your way to Peru’s most famous destination. Hiking to Machu Picchu * The most famous way to hike to Machu Picchu is along a section of one of the Incan roads built as the empire expanded. Dozens of tour operators offer Inca Trail hikes with varying durations and levels of comfort (though all require camping). * For those who would like a less crowded experience, there are a number of diverse hiking alternatives, one of which is around Salkantay Mountain, one of the most imposing peaks in the Peruvian Andes. Several tour companies offer the treks, but Apus Peru offers an express Salkantay trek, which shaves a day off the normal itinerary for those eager to push their physical limits on their way to Machu Picchu. * Travelers interested in archaeology should consider the Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. This itinerary includes spectacular hiking in the less-traveled steep Apurimac Canyon and exploration of the Choquequirao archaeological site before heading for Machu Picchu. Note that the trail is closed in December every year for regular maintenance. Tips for Visiting * Getting acclimated: Where you’re coming from is probably much lower than Machu Picchu. We highly recommend you go to Aguas Calientes first, and spend a night getting used to it before exploring Machu Picchu. Meanwhile, avoid alcohol and physical exertion to help your body slowly adjust to the thinner air. * Entrance tickets: If you’re traveling independently, you can buy individual entrance tickets, though you should note that you’ll be required to hire a local guide before entering the site. If you book a tour package through a travel agency, all services should be included. Moreover, all entry tickets are timed, allowing entrance on the hour, and you’re allowed to stay at the site for up to four hours. * Bring: Water and a rain jacket, even if it looks like a beautiful sunny day. And speaking of sun, remember that the ozone layer over Peru is compromised. That, combined with the elevation, makes the sun extremely strong, so wear a hat and use high SPF sunscreen. * Don't bring: Drones, walking sticks, trekking poles or umbrellas since they’re all prohibited at Machu Picchu. Travelers who require sticks for mobility can bring them in but only with protective rubber tips over the ends. 21. Which of the following hiking options is recommended for those who want to avoid crowds? A. Hiking along the Inca Trail. B. Trekking around Salkantay Mountain. C. The express Salkantay trek offered by UNESCO. D. The Choquequirao trek with a Machu Picchu extension. 22. What can be inferred from the passage about the Choquequirao trek? A. It is closed throughout the year for maintenance. B. It is more popular than the Salkantay Mountain trek. C. Travelers on this trek can explore an archaeological site. D. It is the most challenging hiking route to Machu Picchu. 23. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To compare different ways of traveling to Machu Picchu. B. To emphasize the importance of protecting Machu Picchu. C. To introduce the history and culture of the Inca civilization. D. To provide a comprehensive guide on how to travel to Machu Picchu. B One day this early summer, Richard Browning headed to his farmyard in the English countryside. He attached a kerosene-fueled micro gas turbine(燃气涡轮)-effectively a small version of a plane engine-to each of his arms and legs. Then he carefully pressed the trigger in his right hand. For months Browning had been working on this secret project. Now the moment of truth had arrived. In the modest surroundings of the UK countryside, “Wiltshire’s Iron Man” took to the sky. Sort of. Browning’s first lift-off was short and clumsy. For a few seconds, he hovered(盘旋) half a metre off the ground, landing with an uncontrolled stop as clouds of dust blew up around him. But it was, unmistakably, flight. “That was the very first moment we properly proved this would work,” he says. “That was it.” Two and a half years ago, 38-year-old Browning decided he wanted to fly. Human-powered flight was, he knew, “a very strange field”. Nonetheless, it fascinated him. He tried gliding with wings and electric fan motors, working weekends and evenings. Then he had an inspiration-what if he fastened a jet engine to his body and built a real-life version of Tony Stark’s iconic suit? Nine months since his first test flight and Browning’s intuition has paid off. His suit is a light exoskeleton attached to six gas turbines with a combined thrust(推力) of 130 kilograms. His feet are covered by ultra-light snake-bite resistant walking boots imported from the US. And his flights, from a few seconds, now last as long as twelve minutes. The suit can travel at a speed of up to 450 kilometres an hour, although Browning hasn’t tested it to anywhere near full capacity. It is constantly improving. Working with a company that had created augmented reality(增强现实) swimming goggles, Browning has developed a holographic lens “genuinely like a heads-up display fighter system”. With this in place, he’ll be able to monitor his fuel levels. He’s full of plans for future enhancements: automated balancing systems; 3D-printed arm mounts; flexible LCD screens “so it will go invisible at the touch of a button”. Browning says the suit, which he calls Daedalus after the legendary Greek inventor, is stable and simple to control. But it is an augmentation of human ability, not a personal helicopter. “To me, that makes a lot of sense of where I’ve gone with my career and my life”, says Browning. Fulfilling an ancient dream: a fragile human body, rising slowly into the air. 24. What did Browning do in his first lift-off? A. He glided with wings. B. He wore Tony Stark’s suit. C. He met technical problems. D. He made an awkward landing. 25. What can we know about Browning’s suit? A. It contains six micro gas turbines. B. It is attached to electric fan motors. C. It is ultra-light snake-bite resistant. D. It has automated balancing systems. 26. According to the passage, which words can best describe Richard Browning? A. Curious and generous. B. Passionate and creative. C. Cooperative and honest. D. Ambitious and faithful. C On a sunny day, biologists David Duffy and Jessica Farrell head out on a boat along the Matanzas River to catalog the area’s aquatic life. Although the muddy waters obscure most signs of life, a pod of dolphins appears. Some toss fish in the air, while others pass by as underwater shadows. But even rarer species leave behind molecular traces of their presence — DNA. All living beings shed DNA, whether from skin, hair, or pollen. This environmental DNA (eDNA) is changing how scientists study biodiversity and conservation. Traditionally, monitoring required physical presence — perhaps a watchful observer or motion-sensitive cameras. But eDNA acts like a footprint, lasting longer than the animal or plant itself. This makes it especially useful for tracking biodiversity, as it can reveal species thought to be extinct or identify invasive ones. However, interpreting eDNA is not without challenges. In the Matanzas River, it's easy to guess that dolphin DNA will be in the samples, considering the large number of dolphins present. However, unlike a time-stamped photo from a camera trap, eDNA doesn’t reveal when an animal left its genetic trace. Studies show eDNA can persist in water for hours to weeks, depending on environmental factors. If eDNA is inconsistent in samples taken on the same day or over several days, it may indicate that the animal has moved on or the DNA came from another location. The longevity of eDNA in water is affected by variables like temperature, which accelerates DNA decay above 20℃, and water chemistry. For example, eDNA behaves differently in fast-moving glacier-fed rivers compared to slow-moving rivers like the Amazon. More global studies are needed to understand these variations fully. One potential benefit of eDNA's movement is its accumulation in bodies of water like lakes, which may act as “biodiversity accumulators.” A single lake could store DNA from all life in an entire watershed. To improve accuracy, researchers take multiple samples, and new methods using RNA, DNA's molecular cousin, could help pinpoint organisms more recently present in an area. RNA, unlike DNA, decays faster, providing a clearer indication that an animal was recently in an area. RNA from an organism breaks down within three to five hours, but it may remain detectable for up to 72 hours. This provides a shorter detection window than DNA but allows for more precise tracking. Additionally, RNA can offer unique ecological insights, such as determining an organism's sex, age, or environmental stress. It can even distinguish between living and dead organisms. Although samples currently need to be sent to the lab for analysis, emerging technologies could make field analysis possible. Using CRISPR technology, scientists are working on rapid field tests that can detect DNA in water within an hour. These tests, known as SHERLOCK, have already been used to scan estuaries for endangered fish species. Such real-time sampling could guide where more thorough analysis is needed, conserving resources and improving efficiency. As species continue to decline or go extinct due to climate change and other human pressures, a global approach to cataloging biodiversity becomes more crucial. “Not having a good understanding of biodiversity puts us in a very bad position of understanding what we are losing,” says ecologist Cristescu. 27. Why is eDNA more advantageous than traditional monitoring methods? A. It reduces workload and is more cost-effective. B. It provides real-time information about animals. C It distinguishes between living and dead species. D. It captures a wider range of species information. 28. Which of the following best reflects a challenge in eDNA research? A. The eDNA of different animals can accumulate in a single lake. B. The eDNA detection results are affected by environmental factors. C. The eDNA analysis provides a shorter detection window than RNA. D. The eDNA analysis works differently for slow-moving water bodies. 29. What can best describe the author's attitude toward the future of field-ready technologies like SHERLOCK? A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 30. Which of the following would be the most suitable title for the passage? A. Riverside Ecology: Why eDNA Helps to Track Traces in the Field. B. From Footprints to Fingerprints: Biodiversity Monitoring Reshaped. C. The Biolaboratory's Future: The Inevitable Rise of eDNA Technologies. D Vanishing Species: Conservation of Biodiversity Despite Human Activity. D “Assume you are wrong.” The advice came from Brian Nosek, a psychology professor, who was offering a strategy for pursuing better science. To understand the context for Nosek’s advice, we need to take a step back to the nature of science itself. You see despite what many of us learned in elementary school, there is no single scientific method. Just as scientific theories become elaborated and change, so do scientific methods. But methodological reform hasn't come without some fretting. Nasty things have been said by and about methodological reformers. Few people like having the value of their life’s work called into question. On the other side, few people are good at voicing criticisms in kind and constructive ways. So, part of the challenge is figuring out how to bake critical self-reflection into the culture of science itself, so it unfolds as a welcome and integrated part of the process, and not an embarrassing sideshow. What Nosek recommended was a strategy for changing the way we offer and respond to critique. Assuming you are right might be a motivating force, sustaining the enormous effort that conducting scientific work requires. But it also makes it easy to interpret criticisms as personal attacks. Beginning, instead, from the assumption you are wrong, a criticism is easier to interpret as a constructive suggestion for how to be less wrong — a goal that your critic probably shares. One concern about this approach is that it could be demoralizing for scientists. Striving to be less wrong might be a less effective motivation than the promise of being right. Another concern is that a strategy that works well within science could backfire when it comes to communicating science with the public. Without an appreciation for how science works, it’s easy to take uncertainty or disagreements as marks against science, when in fact they reflect some of the very features of science that make it our best approach to reaching reliable conclusions about the world. Science is reliable because it responds to evidence: as the quantity and quality of our evidence improves, our theories can and should change, too. Despite these worries, I like Nosek’s suggestion because it builds in cognitive humility along with a sense that we can do better. It also builds in a sense of community — we’re all in the same boat when it comes to falling short of getting things right. Unfortunately, this still leaves us with an untested hypothesis: that assuming one is wrong can change community norms for the better, and ultimately support better science and even, perhaps, better decisions in life. I don’t know if that’s true. In fact, I should probably assume that it’s wrong. But with the benefit of the scientific community and our best methodological tools, I hope we can get it less wrong, together. 31. What is the function of Paragraph 3 in the passage? A. To introduce the concept of intellectual modesty. B. To criticize the conservative mindset of scientists. C. To illustrate the challenges scientific community faces. D. To explain why methodological reformers need self-reflection. 32. What does the word “demoralizing” underlined in Paragraph 5 most probably mean? A. Worrying. B. Confusing. C. Destructive. D. Discouraging. 33. What will the author probably agree with? A. Nosek’s strategy is among the best methodological tools. B. Nosek’s strategy can increase the motivation of scientists. C. The public should not be informed of scientific uncertainty. D. Intellectual modesty might drive collective progress in science. 34. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To show self-reflection is also part of science. B. To suggest a humble attitude in doing science. C. To explain why the public misunderstands science. D. To argue against adopting a single method in science. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Modern life offers us endless ways to fill our days, yet not all activities bring the same sense of satisfaction. ____35____ By understanding the different kinds of activities we engage in, we can make more intentional choices and create a life that feels both meaningful and enjoyable. We can divide daily activities into four categories: Pleasing, Living, Agonizing, and Yielding. Pleasing activities are low-effort, high-reward moments. They require little planning or time — like taking a walk in nature, listening to a favorite playlist, or calling a friend just to say hello. ____36____ In reality, the most restorative experiences often come from these smaller, everyday pleasures. ____37____ They may feel challenging at first, but they match your values and leave you with a strong sense of meaning. This could be learning a new skill or stepping out of your comfort zone by completing a demanding project. Such experiences take more effort than Pleasing activities, but they make you feel more alive and are essential for personal growth. In contrast to these fulfilling experiences, Agonizing activities are those you feel obliged to do but that drain(榨干) your energy and bring little enjoyment. They can include unpleasant tasks, self-imposed obligations, or chores you would avoid if given the choice. ____38____ The goal is not to remove all Agonizing activities but to improve how you approach them, making them less draining or more purposeful. Yielding activities demand little effort but also offer little satisfaction. These include mindless scrolling through social media, watching mediocre entertainment, or repeatedly checking your inbox without urgency. In small doses (剂量), such activities can be harmless ways to relax. ____39____ Once you've reflected on how you spend your time, aim for one small shift each day. Choose a Pleasing or Living activity you want to do more — perhaps a short walk, trying something new, or working on a project aligned with your values. Gradually replace moments that leave you drained or distracted with those that make you feel engaged and present. A. Living activities are the activities that stretch you beyond your limits. B. The benefits of these activities are often immediate but rarely last long. C. Some lift us instantly, others challenge us, while some tire us out unnoticed. D. These simple joys are often overlooked as people believe fun must involve a big event. E. Unlike Pleasing activities, Living activities are the tasks that demand your full attention. F. But over time, they can replace meaningful experiences and distract you from true desires. G. While some are unavoidable, many turn out to be optional when you examine them honestly. 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Learning favoritism The human brain tends to play favorites. Its prejudices, well demonstrated by psychological studies, include the “halo effect”: if we like a certain quality in a person, we’re more likely to view their unrelated traits positively as well. There’s also “affinity bias”, which refers to how we are attracted to people with backgrounds or characteristics similar to our own. Now a study shows how cognitive biases could profoundly affect our most basic learning and memory processes. “What we show is not that people are biased; that we already kind of know,” says Inés Bramão, a psychologist at Sweden’s Lund University and co-author of the new study, published in Communications Psychology. “We give an explanation of why people are biased. The key may be that we are more likely to expand our knowledge based on information provided by people we like.” Such bias could help explain how people develop strongly polarized (两极分化的) views. Study participants first chose “teammates” and “opponents” from among images of random faces based on their like or dislike of the faces. Then they created imaginary backstories for each chosen face, giving characteristics and identities they liked to teammates and ones they disliked to opponents. Next, participants viewed images of each face set in a landscape or other background alongside a common household object, as if the person were “showing” the participant the object. Later, the participants tried to match up objects that had shared the same background—this time, without the faces displayed. This tested their ability to learn new information through a process called memory integration: linking memories of multiple past events to make new inferences. The participants did significantly better when linking objects that had initially been “presented” by an individual they liked, which the researchers say indicates a fundamental bias in how we associate previously learned information with a new, partially related event. The study authors suggest this finding helps to show how people’s opinions can become intensely polarized and increasingly extreme. If we tend to build understanding based mostly on what we learn from a limited set of liked individuals—largely because of their similarities to us—these beliefs can remain unchallenged, leading to narrowing viewpoints. Psychologist Charles Stone of the City University of New York says that this study is just the beginning and that further research could move beyond images to test learning with real-world events. “This could have important implications for how people make inferences and connect dots about their beliefs that then match their worldviews,” he says. “There’s a lot of potential moving forward.” 40. What are the prejudices mentioned in the passage? ________________________________________________________________ 41. Why are people cognitively biased according to the study? ________________________________________________________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. The study finding suggests people tend to build understanding based mostly on knowledge from individuals they like to challenge their narrowing viewpoints. ________________________________________________________________ 43. What method(s) can you adopt to overcome the cognitive bias in your daily life? ________________________________________________________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。近期，你校英国外教Jim做了关于口语训练方法讲座。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达感谢并简述收获； 2.说明你口语练习中仍存在的困惑并寻求帮助。 注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $