内容正文:
Unit 7 Happy Birthday!
Section A Grammar Focus 3a-3d(知识清单)(背诵版)
一、必背词汇
(一)疑问词与语法相关词汇
1. when adv. 什么时候;何时
例:When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
词族拓展:when 还可作连词引导时间状语从句:When I was 5, I liked drawing.
用法/文化:when 用于提问时间,回答通常是具体的时间点或日期。
2. how much phrase 多少(价格/不可数数量)
例:How much is this cake?这个蛋糕多少钱?(提问价格)
例:How much yogurt do you want?你想要多少酸奶?(提问数量)
词族拓展:How much 问价格或不可数名词数量,回答用金额或数量。
用法/文化:How much is...? 问单数物品价格;How much are...? 问复数物品价格。
3. how many phrase 多少(可数数量)
例:How many kilos do you want?
例:How many candles are on the cake?
词族拓展:How many + 可数名词复数,回答用数字 + 复数名词。
用法/文化:How many 只能接可数名词复数,不能接不可数名词。
4. how old phrase 多大(年龄)
例:How old are you?
例:How old is your brother?
词族拓展:How old 问年龄,回答用数字 + years old 或直接用数字。
用法/文化:在西方文化中,问成年人年龄有时不太礼貌。
5. what pron. 什么
例:What do you want to do?
例:What do you want for your birthday?
词族拓展:what 还可作感叹词:What a big cake!
用法/文化:What 问事物内容,回答通常是名词或动作。
6. who pron. 谁
例:Who do you celebrate with?
例:Who is your best friend?
词族拓展:who 的宾格是 whom(正式用法),所有格是 whose。
用法/文化:Who 用于询问人,回答通常是人名或身份。
7. where adv. 哪里
例:Where is Mrs Green from?
例:Where do you live?
词族拓展:where 问地点,回答用介词短语或地名。
用法/文化:Where ... from? 问来自哪里。
8. why adv. 为什么
例:Why do people eat noodles?
例:Why do you celebrate birthdays?
词族拓展:Why 问原因,回答通常用 Because...
用法/文化:Why 问原因,回答用 because 引导原因状语从句。
9. own adj./v. 自己的;拥有
例:my own birthday(我自己的生日)
例:I own a bike.(我有一辆自行车)
词族拓展:own → owner(n. 主人)→ own up(承认)
用法/文化:own 作形容词时常跟在物主代词后:my own, his own, their own。
10. example n. 例子;范例
例:for example(例如) 例:Give me an example.
词族拓展:example → set an example(树立榜样)→ example sentence(例句)
用法/文化:for example 常放在句首,后加逗号。也可缩写为 e.g.。
11. language n. 语言
例:English Language Day(英语语言日)
例:How many languages can you speak?
词族拓展:language → language learning(语言学习)→ body language(肢体语言)
用法/文化:English Language Day 是 4 月 23 日,莎士比亚生日,用来纪念英语语言。
12. mark v./n. 做记号;纪念
例:mark the date(标记日期) 例:mark the birthday(纪念生日)
词族拓展:mark → marker(n. 记号笔)→ marked(adj. 明显的)
用法/文化:mark 作为动词表示“纪念/庆祝”,如 mark a birthday。
13. found v. 创建;创立
例:The school was founded in 1990.这所学校始建于1990年。
例:found a company创办一家公司
词族拓展:found → founder(n. 创始人)→ foundation(n. 基金会/基础)
用法/文化:found 是动词“创立”的过去式和过去分词,注意与 find(找到)的过去式 found 区分。
(二)月份词汇
英文
中文
英文
中文
January
一月
July
七月
February
二月
August
八月
March
三月
September
九月
April
四月
October
十月
May
五月
November
十一月
June
六月
December
十二月
(三)序数词 1st–31st
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
1st
first
6th
sixth
11th
eleventh
2nd
second
7th
seventh
12th
twelfth
3rd
third
8th
eighth
13th
thirteenth
4th
fourth
9th
ninth
14th
fourteenth
5th
fifth
10th
tenth
15th
fifteenth
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
16th
sixteenth
22nd
twenty-second
28th
twenty-eighth
17th
seventeenth
23rd
twenty-third
29th
twenty-ninth
18th
eighteenth
24th
twenty-fourth
30th
thirtieth
19th
nineteenth
25th
twenty-fifth
31st
thirty-first
20th
twentieth
26th
twenty-sixth
21st
twenty-first
27th
twenty-seventh
(四)核心短语
短语/句型
中文释义
on 2nd August
在8月2日
on 22nd November
在11月22日
on 12th May
在5月12日
on 9th January
在1月9日
for example
例如
English Language Day
英语语言日
International Nurses Day
国际护士节
mark the birthday
纪念生日
give sb a surprise
给某人一个惊喜
birthday noodles for a long life
长寿面
How about...?
……怎么样?
How much is/are...?
……多少钱?
How many + 可数名词复数
多少(可数)
How much + 不可数名词
多少(不可数/价格)
How old + be + 主语?
……多大年纪?
When is sb's birthday?
某人的生日是什么时候?
二、必会考点
考点1:核心句型
问句
回答
功能
When is your birthday?
It's on 2nd August.
问生日日期
How old are you?
I'm 12.
问年龄
What do you want to do on her birthday?
I want to sing a song for her.
问想做某事
How much are those oranges?
Six yuan a kilo.
问价格
How many kilos do you want?
I want five kilos.
问可数数量
考点2:疑问词的选择
疑问词
含义
用法
例句
when
什么时候
对时间提问
When is your birthday? — On 2nd August.
how old
多大
对年龄提问
How old are you? — I'm 12.
how much
多少(价格/不可数)
对价格/不可数量提问
How much is this cake? — 85 yuan.
how many
多少(可数)
对可数数量提问
How many kilos do you want? — Five kilos.
what
什么
对事物/内容提问
What do you want for your birthday? — A new bike.
who
谁
对人提问
Who do you celebrate with? — My parents.
where
哪里
对地点提问
Where is Mrs Green from? — Australia.
why
为什么
对原因提问
Why do people eat noodles? — To wish for a long life.
考点3:1-31序数词(表格在词汇部分)
序数词变化规则总结
① 1st/2nd/3rd 特殊记(first, second, third)
② 8th 去 t 加 h(eighth,不是 eightth)
③ 9th 去 e 加 th(ninth,不是 nineth)
④ 5th/12th ve→f 再加 th(fifth, twelfth)
⑤ 整十变 y 为 ie 加 th(twenty → twentieth)
⑥ 二十以上的序数词:十位基数词 + 个位序数词,中间用连字符
如:twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third
注意:
21→21st, 22→22nd, 23→23rd, 31→31st
以 1、2、3 结尾的序数词缩写分别是 st、nd、rd,不是一律 th!
twenty-first 中 first 不能写成 oneth。
考点4:日期的读法与写法
写法
读法
说明
2nd August
the second of August
英式:日+月
August 2nd
August the second
美式:月+日
23rd April
the twenty-third of April
英式写法
12th May
the twelfth of May
12日是 twelfth
日期表达法口诀
英式:日 + 月(2nd August)→ 读 the second of August
美式:月 + 日(August 2nd)→ 读 August the second
序数词前要加 the,但写日期时 the 省略。
考点5:介词 on / in / at 与时间搭配总结
介词
用法
例句
on
日期/星期/节假日
on 22nd August, on Thursday, on New Year's Day
on
某天的某段时间
on Sunday mornings
in
月份/年份/季节
in April, in 1949, in spring
in
一天中的某段时间
in the afternoon
at
钟点/用餐/节日
at 3 o'clock, at lunchtime, at Christmas
at
年龄
at the age of 20
记忆口诀:
on 某天(日期/星期),in 某月/年(月份/年份/季节),at 某时刻(钟点)。
考点6:名词所有格 's
类别
构成方法
例词
单数名词
加 's
Mike's basketball, your mum's birthday
以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 '
her grandparents' favourite grandchild
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 's
Children's Day
两人共同拥有
最后一人的后面加 's
Ella and Emma's birthday
名词所有格读音规则:
在清辅音后读 /s/:Mike's /maɪks/
在浊辅音和元音后读 /z/:your mum's /mʌmz/
在 /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ 等后读 /ɪz/:Alice's /ˈælɪsɪz/
✏️即学即练
① — ______ is your birthday? — It's on 15th July.
② — ______ balloons do you want? — I want 10.
③ — ______ is this birthday cake? — 85 yuan.
④ — ______ is your father? — He's 45 years old.
⑤ — ______ do you celebrate your birthday with? — My parents.
⑥ 选择正确的序数词:December is the ______ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. twelveth D. twentieth
⑦ 选择正确的介词:My birthday is ______ 3rd August.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
⑧ 用名词所有格填空:This is ______ (Ella) birthday present.
答案:①When ②How many ③How much ④How old ⑤Who ⑥B twelfth(12月是第12个月,序数词用 twelfth,注意 ve→f 变化) ⑦B on(具体日期前用 on) ⑧Ella's(单数名词所有格加 's)
三、必背句型总结
1. When is your birthday? — 你的生日是什么时候?
2. How old are you? — 你多大了?
3. What do you want to do on her birthday? — 在她生日那天你想做什么?
4. How much is this birthday cake? — 这个生日蛋糕多少钱?
5. How much are those oranges? — 那些橙子多少钱?
6. How many kilos do you want? — 你想要几公斤?
7. How about a surprise party for them? — 给他们办个惊喜派对怎么样?
8. I want to give my father a birthday gift. — 我想给爸爸一份生日礼物。
9. For example, we celebrate... as English Language Day. — 例如,我们把……作为英语语言日来庆祝。
10. It marks the birthday of Florence Nightingale. — 它纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的生日。
四、易错必背
1. 疑问词选择错误
How much 问价格/不可数数量;How many 问可数数量。
How old 问年龄;When 问时间/日期。
❌:How many is the cake? ✅:How much is the cake?
How much 问价格(单数 is / 复数 are),How many 问可数数量后接复数名词!
2. 序数词拼写错误
5th → fifth(不是 fiveth);8th → eighth(不是 eightth)
9th → ninth(不是 nineth);12th → twelfth(不是 twelveth)
20th → twentieth(y → ie + th)
21st → twenty-first(不是 twenty-oneth)
1、2、3 结尾的序数词缩写分别是 st、nd、rd,不是一律 th!21→21st, 22→22nd, 23→23rd, 31→31st。
3. on + 日期 vs. in + 月份/年
❌:My birthday is in 2nd August. ✅:My birthday is on 2nd August.
❌:I was born on August. ✅:I was born in August.
on 某天(日期/星期),in 某月/年(月份/年份/季节),at 某时刻(钟点)。
4. How much 与 How many 混用
How much + 不可数名词/问价格:How much is the yogurt?
How many + 可数名词复数:How many kilos do you want?
❌:How many is the cake? ✅:How much is the cake?
How much + 不可数/价格,How many + 可数复数!
5. 疑问句语序
特殊疑问句结构:疑问词 + be/助动词 + 主语 + ...?
When is your birthday?(不是 When your birthday is?)
What do you want to do?(不是 What you want to do?)
特殊疑问句 = 疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序!
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Unit 7 Happy Birthday!
Section A Grammar Focus 3a-3d(知识清单)(挖空版)
一、必背词汇
(一)疑问词与语法相关词汇
1. ______ adv. 什么时候;何时
例:When is your birthday? 你的生日是什么时候?
词族拓展:when 还可作连词引导时间状语从句:When I was 5, I liked drawing.
用法/文化:when 用于提问时间,回答通常是具体的时间点或日期。
2. ____________ phrase 多少(价格/不可数数量)
例:How much is this cake?这个蛋糕多少钱?(提问价格)
例:How much yogurt do you want?你想要多少酸奶?(提问数量)
词族拓展:How much 问价格或不可数名词数量,回答用金额或数量。
用法/文化:How much is...? 问单数物品价格;How much are...? 问复数物品价格。
3. ____________ phrase 多少(可数数量)
例:How many kilos do you want?
例:How many candles are on the cake?
词族拓展:How many + 可数名词复数,回答用数字 + 复数名词。
用法/文化:How many 只能接可数名词复数,不能接不可数名词。
4. ____________ phrase 多大(年龄)
例:How old are you?
例:How old is your brother?
词族拓展:How old 问年龄,回答用数字 + years old 或直接用数字。
用法/文化:在西方文化中,问成年人年龄有时不太礼貌。
5. ______ pron. 什么
例:What do you want to do?
例:What do you want for your birthday?
词族拓展:what 还可作感叹词:What a big cake!
用法/文化:What 问事物内容,回答通常是名词或动作。
6. ______ pron. 谁
例:Who do you celebrate with?
例:Who is your best friend?
词族拓展:who 的宾格是 whom(正式用法),所有格是 whose。
用法/文化:Who 用于询问人,回答通常是人名或身份。
7. ______ adv. 哪里
例:Where is Mrs Green from?
例:Where do you live?
词族拓展:where 问地点,回答用介词短语或地名。
用法/文化:Where ... from? 问来自哪里。
8. ______ adv. 为什么
例:Why do people eat noodles?
例:Why do you celebrate birthdays?
词族拓展:Why 问原因,回答通常用 Because...
用法/文化:Why 问原因,回答用 because 引导原因状语从句。
9. ______ adj./v. 自己的;拥有
例:my own birthday(我自己的生日)
例:I own a bike.(我有一辆自行车)
词族拓展:own → owner(n. 主人)→ own up(承认)
用法/文化:own 作形容词时常跟在物主代词后:my own, his own, their own。
10. ______ n. 例子;范例
例:for example(例如) 例:Give me an example.
词族拓展:example → set an example(树立榜样)→ example sentence(例句)
用法/文化:for example 常放在句首,后加逗号。也可缩写为 e.g.。
11. ____________ n. 语言
例:English Language Day(英语语言日)
例:How many languages can you speak?
词族拓展:language → language learning(语言学习)→ body language(肢体语言)
用法/文化:English Language Day 是 4 月 23 日,莎士比亚生日,用来纪念英语语言。
12. ______ v./n. 做记号;纪念
例:mark the date(标记日期) 例:mark the birthday(纪念生日)
词族拓展:mark → marker(n. 记号笔)→ marked(adj. 明显的)
用法/文化:mark 作为动词表示“纪念/庆祝”,如 mark a birthday。
13. ______ v. 创建;创立
例:The school was founded in 1990.这所学校始建于1990年。
例:found a company创办一家公司
词族拓展:found → founder(n. 创始人)→ foundation(n. 基金会/基础)
用法/文化:found 是动词“创立”的过去式和过去分词,注意与 find(找到)的过去式 found 区分。
(二)月份词汇
英文
中文
英文
中文
January
一月
July
七月
February
二月
August
八月
March
三月
September
九月
April
四月
October
十月
May
五月
November
十一月
June
六月
December
十二月
(三)序数词 1st–31st
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
1st
first
6th
sixth
11th
eleventh
2nd
second
7th
seventh
12th
twelfth
3rd
third
8th
eighth
13th
thirteenth
4th
fourth
9th
ninth
14th
fourteenth
5th
fifth
10th
tenth
15th
fifteenth
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
缩写
英文
16th
sixteenth
22nd
twenty-second
28th
twenty-eighth
17th
seventeenth
23rd
twenty-third
29th
twenty-ninth
18th
eighteenth
24th
twenty-fourth
30th
thirtieth
19th
nineteenth
25th
twenty-fifth
31st
thirty-first
20th
twentieth
26th
twenty-sixth
21st
twenty-first
27th
twenty-seventh
(四)核心短语
短语/句型
中文释义
on 2nd August
在8月2日
on 22nd November
在11月22日
on 12th May
在5月12日
on 9th January
在1月9日
for example
例如
English Language Day
英语语言日
International Nurses Day
国际护士节
mark the birthday
纪念生日
give sb a surprise
给某人一个惊喜
birthday noodles for a long life
长寿面
How about...?
……怎么样?
How much is/are...?
……多少钱?
How many + 可数名词复数
多少(可数)
How much + 不可数名词
多少(不可数/价格)
How old + be + 主语?
……多大年纪?
When is sb's birthday?
某人的生日是什么时候?
二、必会考点
考点1:核心句型
问句
回答
功能
When is your birthday?
It's on 2nd August.
问生日日期
How old are you?
I'm 12.
问年龄
What do you want to do on her birthday?
I want to sing a song for her.
问想做某事
How much are those oranges?
Six yuan a kilo.
问价格
How many kilos do you want?
I want five kilos.
问可数数量
考点2:疑问词的选择
疑问词
含义
用法
例句
when
什么时候
对时间提问
When is your birthday? — On 2nd August.
how old
多大
对年龄提问
How old are you? — I'm 12.
how much
多少(价格/不可数)
对价格/不可数量提问
How much is this cake? — 85 yuan.
how many
多少(可数)
对可数数量提问
How many kilos do you want? — Five kilos.
what
什么
对事物/内容提问
What do you want for your birthday? — A new bike.
who
谁
对人提问
Who do you celebrate with? — My parents.
where
哪里
对地点提问
Where is Mrs Green from? — Australia.
why
为什么
对原因提问
Why do people eat noodles? — To wish for a long life.
考点3:1-31序数词(表格在词汇部分)
序数词变化规则总结
① 1st/2nd/3rd 特殊记(first, second, third)
② 8th 去 t 加 h(eighth,不是 eightth)
③ 9th 去 e 加 th(ninth,不是 nineth)
④ 5th/12th ve→f 再加 th(fifth, twelfth)
⑤ 整十变 y 为 ie 加 th(twenty → twentieth)
⑥ 二十以上的序数词:十位基数词 + 个位序数词,中间用连字符
如:twenty-first, twenty-second, twenty-third
注意:
21→21st, 22→22nd, 23→23rd, 31→31st
以 1、2、3 结尾的序数词缩写分别是 st、nd、rd,不是一律 th!
twenty-first 中 first 不能写成 oneth。
考点4:日期的读法与写法
写法
读法
说明
2nd August
the second of August
英式:日+月
August 2nd
August the second
美式:月+日
23rd April
the twenty-third of April
英式写法
12th May
the twelfth of May
12日是 twelfth
日期表达法口诀
英式:日 + 月(2nd August)→ 读 the second of August
美式:月 + 日(August 2nd)→ 读 August the second
序数词前要加 the,但写日期时 the 省略。
考点5:介词 on / in / at 与时间搭配总结
介词
用法
例句
on
日期/星期/节假日
on 22nd August, on Thursday, on New Year's Day
on
某天的某段时间
on Sunday mornings
in
月份/年份/季节
in April, in 1949, in spring
in
一天中的某段时间
in the afternoon
at
钟点/用餐/节日
at 3 o'clock, at lunchtime, at Christmas
at
年龄
at the age of 20
记忆口诀:
on 某天(日期/星期),in 某月/年(月份/年份/季节),at 某时刻(钟点)。
考点6:名词所有格 's
类别
构成方法
例词
单数名词
加 's
Mike's basketball, your mum's birthday
以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 '
her grandparents' favourite grandchild
不以 s 结尾的复数名词
加 's
Children's Day
两人共同拥有
最后一人的后面加 's
Ella and Emma's birthday
名词所有格读音规则:
在清辅音后读 /s/:Mike's /maɪks/
在浊辅音和元音后读 /z/:your mum's /mʌmz/
在 /s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /dʒ/ 等后读 /ɪz/:Alice's /ˈælɪsɪz/
✏️即学即练
① — ______ is your birthday? — It's on 15th July.
② — ______ balloons do you want? — I want 10.
③ — ______ is this birthday cake? — 85 yuan.
④ — ______ is your father? — He's 45 years old.
⑤ — ______ do you celebrate your birthday with? — My parents.
⑥ 选择正确的序数词:December is the ______ month of the year.
A. twelve B. twelfth C. twelveth D. twentieth
⑦ 选择正确的介词:My birthday is ______ 3rd August.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
⑧ 用名词所有格填空:This is ______ (Ella) birthday present.
三、必背句型总结
1. ______________________________— 你的生日是什么时候?
2. ______________________________ — 你多大了?
3. ______________________________— 在她生日那天你想做什么?
4. ______________________________ — 这个生日蛋糕多少钱?
5. ______________________________ — 那些橙子多少钱?
6. ______________________________ — 你想要几公斤?
7. ______________________________ — 给他们办个惊喜派对怎么样?
8. ______________________________ — 我想给爸爸一份生日礼物。
9. _________________________________________— 例如,我们把……作为英语语言日来庆祝。
10. ______________________________________________ — 它纪念弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔的生日。
四、易错必背
1. 疑问词选择错误
How much 问价格/不可数数量;How many 问可数数量。
How old 问年龄;When 问时间/日期。
❌:How many is the cake? ✅:______________________________
How much 问价格(单数 is / 复数 are),How many 问可数数量后接复数名词!
2. 序数词拼写错误
5th → fifth(不是 fiveth);8th → eighth(不是 eightth)
9th → ninth(不是 nineth);12th → twelfth(不是 twelveth)
20th → twentieth(y → ie + th)
21st → twenty-first(不是 twenty-oneth)
1、2、3 结尾的序数词缩写分别是 st、nd、rd,不是一律 th!21→21st, 22→22nd, 23→23rd, 31→31st。
3. on + 日期 vs. in + 月份/年
❌:My birthday is in 2nd August. ✅:______________________________
❌:I was born on August. ✅:______________________________
on 某天(日期/星期),in 某月/年(月份/年份/季节),at 某时刻(钟点)。
4. How much 与 How many 混用
How much + 不可数名词/问价格:How much is the yogurt?
How many + 可数名词复数:How many kilos do you want?
❌:How many is the cake? ✅:______________________________
How much + 不可数/价格,How many + 可数复数!
5. 疑问句语序
特殊疑问句结构:疑问词 + be/助动词 + 主语 + ...?
When is your birthday?(不是 When your birthday is?)
What do you want to do?(不是 What you want to do?)
特殊疑问句 = 疑问词 + 一般疑问句语序!
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