Unit 2 Period 2 Using language-【优学精讲】2026-2027学年高中英语必修第一册教用Word（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦构词法核心知识点，系统梳理转化法（名词转动词等词性转换）、派生法（动词变名词后缀等前缀后缀规律）、合成法（合成名词等多类合成词）及缩略法（首字母缩略等形式），通过定义、教材例句与分类示例构建从基础到应用的学习支架。 该资料以教材实例（如“rain/snow”转化、“hamburger”合成词）为依托，分类清晰且配套词性判断、语法填空练习，助力学生在分析比较构词规律中提升语言能力，培养归纳思维品质，掌握科学词汇学习策略。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Period 2　Using language 构词法 一、转化法(词性转换) 把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的构词法叫作转化法。 (1)(教材P20)When we look out of the window and see rain or snow, we can say “it's raining” or “it's snowing”． 当我们向窗外看去，看到rain(雨)或snow(雪)时，我们可以说“it's raining(下雨了)”或“it's snowing(下雪了)”。 (2)(人教必修一U1) I tried to join the school football team, but the coach told me that I didn't play well enough. 我想加入校足球队，但是教练说我踢得还不够好。 1．名词转化为动词 cook(n.厨师→v.烹饪) name(n.名字→v.命名) picture(n.画→v.描绘) 2．形容词转化为动词 calm(adj.平静的→v.使平静) spare(adj.空闲的→v.抽出) own(adj.自己的→v.拥有) last(adj.最后的→v.持续) 3．形容词转化为副词 hard(adj.困难的→adv.努力地) well(adj.健康的→adv.很好地) 二、派生法(前缀和后缀) 在一个词根之前或之后加上某个词缀来生成一个新词的构词法叫作派生法。加在词根之前的词缀为前缀，加在词根之后的词缀为后缀。 (1)(教材P19)For example, in our free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a photo.　例如，在空闲时间我们可以sculpt a sculpture(雕刻一件雕塑品)，paint a painting(画一幅画)，但是要说take a photo(拍一张照片)。 (2)(教材P19)If harmless actions are the opposite of harmful actions，why are shameless and shameful behaviors the same？　如果harmless actions(无害的行为)是harmful actions(有害的行为)的反义词，那为什么shameless behaviors(无耻的行为)和shameful behaviors(可耻的行为)是同义词呢？ (3)(教材P20)You also have to wonder at the unique madness of a language. 你也一定对一门语言独特的疯狂感到诧异。 (4)(教材P20)English was invented by people, not computers, and it reflects the creativity of the human race.　英语是由人而不是电脑发明的，它反映了人类的创造力。 (5)(教材P20)That is why when the stars are out, they are visible, but when the lights are out, they are invisible. 那就是为什么星星out(出来)时，它们可以被看到，但是当灯out(熄灭)后，它们不能被看到。 (6)(人教必修一U1)The school adviser helped me choose the suitable ones: maths, English, chemistry, world history, and Chinese. 学校的指导老师帮助我选择了合适的课程：数学、英语、化学、世界史和中文。 (7)(人教必修一U1) Every Wednesday, we work at a soup kitchen and hand out food to homeless people in the community. 每周三，我们会在食品救济站里干活，把食物分发给社区里的无家可归者。 1．动词变名词后缀 (1)-ion/-tion/-sion/-ation act→action行动 celebrate→celebration庆祝(活动) invite→invitation 邀请 discuss→discussion讨论 expect→expectation期望 conclude→conclusion结论 (2)-ment develop→development 发展 (3)-er/-or/-ar/-ee teach→teacher教师 educate→educator教育工作者 beg→beggar乞丐 employ→employee雇员 (4)-al arrive→arrival到达 refuse→refusal拒绝 (5)-y recover→recovery 恢复，痊愈 discover→discovery发现 injure→injury伤害 (6)-ing start→starting开始 (7)其他 choose→choice选择 think→thought思想 2．形容词变名词后缀 (1)-dom free→freedom自由 (2)-th warm→warmth温暖 true→truth真理 (3)-ness happy→happiness幸福 kind→kindness仁慈 (4)-ce silent→silence沉默 different→difference差异 (5)-y/-ty/-ity difficult→difficulty困难 safe→safety安全 able→ability能力 3．形容词变副词后缀 (1)直接加-ly certain→certainly肯定地 (2)“辅音字母 ＋ y”结尾的词，变y为i再加-ly happy→happily高兴地 easy→easily 容易地 busy→busily 忙碌地 (3)以-le结尾的词，去e加-y(whole除外) terrible→terribly非常 simple→simply简单地 (4)词尾为-ll 的词，直接加-y full→fully充分地，完全地 4．动词变形容词后缀 (1)-able accept→acceptable可接受的 comfort→comfortable舒适的 (2)-ed confuse→confused感到困惑的 bore→bored感到厌倦的 (3)-ing surprise→surprising令人惊讶的 (4)-ible access→accessible容易到达的 5．名词变形容词后缀 (1)-ful hope→hopeful充满希望的 (2)-less use→useless无用的 (3)-y wind→windy多风的 (4)-ous danger→dangerous危险的 (5)-al nature→natural 自然的 6．否定前缀 (1)un- healthy→unhealthy不健康的 (2)im- possible→impossible不可能的 (3)dis- like→dislike不喜欢 (4)mis- understand→misunderstand误解 (5)in- formal→informal非正式的 (6)non- smoker→non-smoker不吸烟的人 7．其他意义的前缀/后缀 (1)re-(再，重新，又)：rewrite重写 (2)inter-(在……之间；相互)：international 国际的 (3)over-(过于)：overweight 超重的 (4)pre-(预先；前)：preview预习 8．变动词的前缀 en- large→enlarge扩大 9．变动词的后缀 -en broad→broaden使变宽 三、合成法 由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫作合成词，这种构词法称为合成法。最常见的合成法包括合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词、合成副词、合成介词。词与词之间有的用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。 (1)(教材P19)I hadn't, until one day my five -year -old son asked me whether there was ham in a hamburger.　我一直没有问过自己这个问题，直到有一天我五岁的儿子问我hamburger(汉堡)里是否有ham(火腿)。 (2)(教材P19)This made me realize that there's no egg in eggplant either. 　这让我意识到eggplant(茄子)里面也没有egg(鸡蛋)。 (3)(译林必修一U2)It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.　平衡你不断变化的心理需求可能也是一件令人头痛的事。 (4)(译林必修一U1)As a senior high school student, you must make efforts to improve your communication and problem-solving skills.　作为一名高中生，你必须努力提高沟通技巧和解决问题的能力。 (5)(北师大必修一U3)Somehow, at the time, I didn't know she was sick. 不知怎的，那时我不知道她病了。 (6)(北师大必修一U3)Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept.　纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经发生了变化，但是节日的精神——家庭的精神——在很大程度上被保留了下来。 1．合成名词 (1)名词＋名词 sportsman男运动员 (2)形容词＋名词 highway公路 (3)动词＋名词 playground操场 (4)介词/副词＋名词 inland内陆 overcoat大衣 (5)副词＋动词 overlook 眺望 income收入 (6)其他方式 passer-by 路人 daybreak破晓 grown-up大人 well-being 健康 2．合成形容词 (1)名词＋动词-ing peace-loving爱好和平的 (2)名词＋动词-ed handmade手工制作的 (3)名词＋形容词 worldwide世界各地的 (4)形容词＋名词＋-ed warm-hearted热心的 (5)形容词/副词＋动词-ing good-looking 漂亮的 hard-working 工作努力的 (6)形容词/副词＋名词 full-time全职的 high-class 高级的 uphill上坡的 (7)数词＋名词＋-ed three-storeyed三层的 (8)数词＋名词＋形容词 three-year-old三岁的 (9)副词＋动词-ed well-informed见多识广的 3．合成动词 (1)形容词＋动词 whitewash 粉刷 (2)副词＋动词 overcome 战胜 (3)名词＋动词 sunbathe 沐日光浴 4．合成副词 (1)副词＋副词 however 无论如何 (2)介词＋副词 forever 永远 (3)介词＋名词 downstairs 在楼下 (4)形容词＋名词 hotfoot 匆忙地 5．合成介词 介词＋副词 within在……之内 throughout 自始至终 四、缩略法 把原词的音节加以省略或简化，从而在拼写和读音上都呈现出新的形式的构词法叫作缩略法。缩略法最常见的一种形式就是首字母缩略。 (1)(教材P20)When you see the capitalized “WHO” in a medical report, do you read it as the “who” in “Who's that？” 在医学报告中看到大写的“WHO(世界卫生组织)”时，你会将它理解为“Who's that？(那是谁？)”中的“who(谁)”吗？ (2)(教材P20)What about “IT” and “US”？ 那么“IT”和“US”呢？ 1．首字母缩略法 Automated Teller Machine→ATM自动取款机 Very Important Person→VIP贵宾 World Trade Organization→WTO世界贸易组织 2．截头法 airplane→plane飞机 telephone→phone电话 3．去尾法 examination→exam考试 photograph→photo照片 laboratory→lab实验室 Ⅰ.写出下列句中加黑词的词性及含义 1．The little boy is such a good storyteller that everyone likes to listen to him. n.讲故事的人 2．A lifeboat was sent out to rescue the fishermen trapped in the storm. n.救生艇 3．He was ill for some days, and his wife nursed him kindly. v.看护，照料 4．You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us. v.想象；设想 5．There are more newly-built houses in this village than in that one. adj.新建的 6．The middle-aged woman is going to visit her mother this afternoon. adj.中年的 7．We named our new puppy Lucky, and it quickly became a member of our family. v.命名，给……取名 8．They decided to have another paper-making factory set up in this town. n.造纸 9．My sister and I often have a great time doing DIY projects like decorating photo frames. n.自己动手 10．A hair-trigger situation has been created which could lead to an outbreak of war at any time. n.爆发 Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．On a stormy(storm) night, his son was missing on the way back home. 2．The information you gave us was incorrect(correct), so we didn't find the museum and got lost on the way. 3．As is known to all, Edison was a great inventor. During his life he had many inventions．(invent) 4．Mr.Lee said that the smiles and happiness(happy) of the children gave him great courage every day. 5．She is the leader of an international organization(organize) whose aim is to protect natural resources. 6．The red car is more comfortable(comfort) but costs much more, while the white one doesn't use much gas. 7．The great society is a place where every child can find knowledge to enrich(rich) their mind. 8．With the development(develop) of technology，our mobiles are becoming smaller and smaller. 9．It was such a shock when they announced the winner(win) was Jim. 10．If we human beings keep on killing the wildlife，some animals will disappear(appear) completely. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $