Unit 3 Part 2 LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION（Word同步练习）-【学而思】2026-2027学年高二英语选择性必修第一册（北师大版）

**基本信息** 课程：高中英语；场景：新授课；资料类型：同步练。分层设计清晰，基础层夯实词汇语法基础，能力层提升语篇应用能力，助力语言能力与思维品质发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础过关练|词汇（拼写、熟词生义）、基础语法（单句填空、定语从句）、基础句型（完成句子）|题型基础，对应单一知识点，如单词拼写巩固核心词汇，语法专练聚焦定语从句| |能力提升练|语篇语法（课文/语篇语法填空）、阅读理解（环保、气候主题）|综合题型，结合真实语篇，如语法填空融入中国造林成就，阅读聚焦生态保护，培养综合应用能力|

Part 2　LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION 基础过关练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing 　　　　(影响) performance.  2.A young man bought an old house that was in bad shape and he 　　　　(恢复) it.   3.(2023浙江1月)According to the 　　　　(太阳能的) Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade.   Ⅱ.熟词生义 1.Have you been hatching up a deal with her? 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  2.Shortly after the workers went on strike, police began to mass at the factory. 词性:　　　　 词义:　　　　  Ⅲ.选词填空(其中有一项多余) die out, wipe out, take steps, up to, be at risk 1.Only in this way can we　　　　　　 all the enemies.  2.(2024新课标Ⅰ)There is a warning for strong winds 　　　　　　 100 kilometers per hour.  3.In short, certain groups related to the work will　　　　　　.  4.The speed at which AI processes data could allow conservationists to protect species in danger of extinction from 　　　　　　.  Ⅳ.单句语法填空 1.(2023新课标Ⅱ)Yellowstone National Park offers a 　　　　　(vary) of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year.  2.The number of the workers in that factory is　　　　　 the decrease.   3.(易错题)Mr Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not 　　　　　(blame).  4.Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping 　　　　　(endanger) cranes with their reproduction.  5.You should thank those who oppose you because they give you a(n) 　　　　　(usual) opportunity for growth.  Ⅴ.单元语法专练 1.There are one hundred people in the museum, about one-third of 　　　　　 belong to one group.  2.You will mainly learn Chinese food 　　　　　 is deeply loved by Chinese people.  3.(2024全国甲)That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, 　　　　　 they don't usually like.   4.(2026江苏南京十三中月考)Mary would make the drive from Washington, D.C. to Winchester every few days to visit her grandmother, 　　　　　 health began to worsen last autumn.  5.These are the texts to be reviewed, all of 　　　　　 are intended for the coming exams.  Ⅵ.完成句子 1.它的利润增长速度是一般公司的四倍。(一句多译) ①Its profits are rising 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　those of the average company. (than)   ②Its profits are rising　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 those of the average company.(as...as)  2.(2022全国乙写作)我们学生进行自我反思是很重要的。 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 we students should conduct self-reflection.  3.One reason is that ALife is a field where the central concept—life itself—is undefined.(句型转换) →(2023北京)One reason is that ALife is a field 　　　　 　　　　 the central concept—life itself—is undefined.  能力提升练 Ⅰ.课文语法填空 Extinctions, where entire species are wiped out, are not unusual in our Earth's history. In fact, over 90 percent of all species 　1　 ever lived are now extinct. In the last 500 million years, there 　2　(be) five times when life on Earth has almost ended, including the third mass extinction, known 　3　 the “Great Dying”, and the fifth event. The 　4　(reason) for extinctions are 　5　(vary). Many scientists say we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction. This time, human activity will be 　6　(blame).   A 2015 study by scientists found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 　7　(fast) than normal. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth, including animals and plants.  If a sixth mass extinction 　8　(occur), scientists who have studied 　9　 issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out and we would also be at risk of 　10　(die) out. In short, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and take action to protect it.  1.　　　　　　 2.　　　　　　 3.　　　　　　 4.　　　　　　 5.　　　　　　  6.　　　　　　 7.　　　　　　 8.　　　　　　 9.　　　　　　 10.　　　　　　  Ⅱ.语法填空 (2026湖北省孝感高级中学阶段测试) China has achieved great success in afforestation (造林) and created one of the 　1　 (large) planted forests across the world, with its forest coverage rate rising from 8.6 percent to more than 25 percent.  A 2019 finding 　2　 (publish) in Nature Sustainability showed that at least 25 percent of the foliage expansion (树叶扩张) 　3　 (global) came from China. Thick forests have also become a key source of earnings for locals. In 2022, 　4　 output value of China's forestry and grassland industry reached 8.37 trillion yuan.  Over the past few decades, China has encouraged its afforestation efforts with improvements in laws. 　5　 (protect) the country's forests can promote green and low-carbon development, thus providing benefits for the world. In 2019, the country's law on forest protection 　6　 (revise) and went into effect in 2020.  Behind China's remarkable green achievements are 　7　 (advance) in afforestation and sand control technologies. “The 　8　 (science) and effective prevention and control methods of the Chinese government have greatly changed the county, 　9　 makes me see the hope of improving my hometown environment,” said a farmer from Minqin, Gansu.  More importantly, it's an effective way for the world 　10　 (explore) solutions to climate change, thus promoting green development in this planet.  1.　　　　　　　2.　　　　　　  3.　　　　　　　4.　　　　　　  5.　　　　　　   6.　　　　　　　7.　　　　　　　8.　　　　　　　9.　　　　　　　10.　　　　　　   Ⅲ.阅读理解 A (2025天津红桥区期中) Have you ever wondered what it would be like to work with zoo or aquarium animals? Kylene, an animal care specialist from SeaWorld San Diego, cared for the African penguins at SeaWorld for many years. Over the past several years, the African penguins have been on the decrease in numbers. A hundred years ago, there were about 1 million African penguins, but since then their population has decreased to under 100,000. Scientists predict the population could fall as low as 50,000 over the next two decades if we don't do anything. Some scientists think the changing ocean temperatures have caused the penguins' food supply to disappear. Humans have also disturbed the penguins' wild habitats and collected their eggs. And humans have also been collecting guano (the waste passed from the sea birds' bodies), which can be added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully. As a result, humans damage their natural nest-digging sites. Without the piles of guano the penguins used to build their nests, they've been forced to nest on open ground. Some other scientists think the slight increase in air temperature on the islands has had an impact on the penguins' success rate of hatching their eggs. No matter what the reason is, the African penguins' population is falling, and scientists need to find a way to stop the decline. Working with other zoos in the country, Kylene did what she could to help protect the African penguins. Through Kylene's efforts and the efforts of the people like her at many penguin conservation organizations in South Africa, these little penguins have a chance for a better future. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.What has happened to the African penguins over the past years? A.Their population has greatly declined. B.They've begun to lose the habitat completely. C.They have done great harm to the natural environment. D.They have been hunted by humans for money-making. 2.What is the third paragraph mainly about? A.The importance of penguins' return.　　　B.The causes of penguins' decrease in numbers. C.The efforts of some scientists.　　　D.The necessity of penguins' existence. 3.What is Kylene? A.A zookeeper.　　　B.A bio-scientist. C.An animal care specialist.　　　D.An environmental expert. 4.What is guano used as by humans? A.The food supply.　　　B.The building materials. C.The good shelter.　　　D.The farming fertilizer. 5.What is the author's attitude towards the future of the African penguins? A.Worried.　　　B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful.　　　D.Uncertain. B (2024安徽省六安第一中学期中) This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history. Heatwaves broke temperature records worldwide. It's more than just a matter of sweaty discomfort. As climate change worsens, access to artificially cooled spaces is rapidly becoming a health necessity. Yet standard air-conditioning systems leave us trapped in a negative feedback cycle: the hotter it is, the more people use the air conditioner and the more energy is consumed as a result. Cooling is the fastest-growing single source of energy use in buildings, according to the International Energy Agency. Breaking the cycle requires new innovations that will help bring cooler air to more people with less environmental impact. Standard air-conditioning systems cool and dehumidify(除湿) through a relatively inefficient mechanism: in order to condense(冷凝) water out of the air, they overcool that air past the point of comfort. Many new designs therefore separate the dehumidification and cooling processes, which avoids the need to overcool. For example, some new air conditioner designs pull water from the air with desiccant(去湿的) materials. The dried air can then be cooled to a more reasonable temperature. Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit. However, the gains in efficiency might not help us get rid of the impact of air-conditioning. “It won't work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,” says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford. “Instead, a truly cooler future will have to employ other strategies. It's critical to bring greenery and water bodies into cities to take advantage of natural airflow.” “Cooling is a challenge involving many aspects,” says Sneha Sachar, an expert at the nonprofit organization ClimateWorks. “There isn't one strategy or one answer. We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills.” 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 6.Why does the author talk about the recorded heat in the first paragraph? A.To make comparisons.　　　B.To support his theory. C.To introduce the topic.　　　D.To show cooled places. 7.What does Transaera say about its system? A.It's available in the market.　　　B.It's time-honoured. C.It's the most efficient model.　　　D.It's energy-saving. 8.What is Nicole Miranda's attitude to just upgrading air conditioners? A.Favorable.　　　B.Tolerant. C.Negative.　　　D.Uncaring. 9.What message does Sneha Sachar want to convey about cooling? A.Companies will offer various options.　　　 B.A comprehensive approach is required. C.We can address the issue once and for all.　　　 D.Our first priority is to lower electric bills. 答案与分层梯度式解析 Part 2　LESSON 1 THE SIXTH EXTINCTION 基础过关练 Ⅰ.1.affects　2.restored　3.Solar Ⅱ.1.动词;密谋,策划　句意:你是不是在和她密谋什么交易? 2.动词;聚集　句意:工人们罢工后不久,警察就开始在工厂集结。 Ⅲ.1.wipe out　2.up to　3.be at risk　4.dying out Ⅳ.1.variety　考查名词。a variety of意为“各种各样的”。故填variety。 2.on　考查固定短语。on the decrease意为“在下降中”。 3.to blame　考查动词不定式。句意:格林先生站起来为这个16岁的男孩辩护,说他不应该受到责备。sb. be to blame意为“某人该受责备”。 易错归因 　　本题易错填to be blamed,认为he与blame为被动关系,应用动词不定式的被动结构。注意:be to blame是用主动形式表示被动意义。 4.endangered　考查形容词。根据空后的cranes可知,设空处作定语,因此应用形容词,故填endangered。 5.unusual　考查形容词。句意:你应该感谢那些反对你的人,因为他们给了你一个不寻常的成长机会。根据句意可知此处用unusual“异常的;不平常的”。 Ⅴ.1.whom　考查非限制性定语从句。句意:博物馆里有一百人,其中大约三分之一属于一个群体。分析句子可知,这里是非限制性定语从句,先行词为one hundred people,设空处作介词of的宾语,所以应用关系代词whom。 2.which/that　考查限制性定语从句。句意:你将主要学习深受中国人喜爱的中餐。分析句子可知,此处为限制性定语从句,先行词为Chinese food,指物,关系词在从句中作主语,故填which或that。 3.which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意:那就是为什么大多数宠物猫能够立即分辨出它们的主人是否接触过其他猫,这是它们通常不喜欢的。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为their owners were around any other cats,故填which。 4.whose　考查非限制性定语从句的关系代词。设空处无提示词且前面有逗号,逗号前面部分意思完整,后面部分缺少 health的定语,所以设空处引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作定语,故填whose。句意:玛丽每隔几天就会从华盛顿特区开车去温切斯特看望她的祖母,祖母的健康状况从去年秋天开始恶化。 5.which　考查非限制性定语从句。句意:这些是要复习的课本,都是为即将到来的考试准备的。“all of+设空处”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为the texts,指物,应填which。 Ⅵ.1.①four times faster than　②four times as fast as 2.It is important that　3.in which 能力提升练 Ⅰ.1.that　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词species,其前有all修饰,故填that。 2.have been　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last 500 million years和语境可知此处应用现在完成时,又因主语是five times,所以谓语动词用复数形式,故填have been。 3.as　考查介词。(be) known as意为“作为……而出名”,故填as。 4.reasons　考查名词复数。设空处作主语,根据空后的are可知本空用复数形式。 5.varied/various　考查形容词。空前有are,本空作表语,表示“各种各样的”,故填varied或various。 6.to blame　考查固定用法。be to blame意为“负有责任”。 7.faster　考查比较级。空后有than normal,因此本空应用比较级。 8.occurs　考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知,此处用一般现在时,且主语是单数名词,因此谓语动词用单数形式。 9.the　考查冠词。分析句子可知,此处特指物种灭绝这一问题,应用定冠词,故填the。 10.dying　考查动词-ing形式。空前是介词of,因此此处用动词-ing形式作宾语。 Ⅱ.语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国在植树造林方面取得了巨大的成功,为应对全球气候变化、促进绿色低碳发展作出了贡献。 【高频词汇】　1.coverage n.覆盖范围　2.earnings n.[pl.]收入;薪水　3.improvement n.改进,改善　4.go into effect生效　5.remarkable adj.非凡的;引人注目的 1.largest　考查形容词最高级。句意:中国在植树造林方面取得了巨大成就,创造了世界上最大的人工林之一,其森林覆盖率从8.6%提升到了25%以上。此处为“one of+the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”,故填largest。 2.published　考查过去分词。句意:2019年发表在Nature Sustainability上的一项研究结果显示,全球至少25%的植被扩张来自中国。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语showed,因此设空处应用非谓语动词。publish与A 2019 finding之间为被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语,故填published。 3.globally　考查副词。设空处作状语,应用global的副词形式,故填globally。 4.the　考查冠词。句意:2022年,中国林业和草原产业总产值达到8.37万亿元。结合句意可知,此处的value为特指,指的是“中国林业和草原产业”的总价值,所以此处使用定冠词the。 5.Protecting　考查动词的-ing形式。句意:保护国家的森林能够促进绿色低碳发展,从而为世界带来诸多益处。设空处作主语,此处表示一般的行为,应用动词的-ing形式, 句首单词首字母应大写,故填Protecting。 知识辨析 　　不定式(短语)也可作主语,但常表示某次具体的行为,而动词的-ing形式作主语时,常表示一般的行为或描述已知或普遍事实。 6.was revised　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:2019年,该国的森林保护法进行了修订,并于2020年正式生效。根据时间状语In 2019可知,此处应用一般过去时,主语the country's law on forest protection表示单数意义,谓语用单数,主语与动词revise之间为被动关系,所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was revised。 7.advances　考查名词复数。句意:在中国取得显著环保成就的背后,是造林和治沙技术的进步。该句为介词短语Behind...位于句首的完全倒装句,设空处为名词作主语,advance意为“进步”,根据谓语动词are可知,此处应用名词的复数形式,故填advances。 8.scientific　考查形容词。句意:“中国政府所采取的科学有效的防控措施极大地改变了这个县,这让我看到了改善家乡环境的希望。”一位来自甘肃民勤的农民说道。设空处与形容词effective并列,修饰名词短语prevention and control methods,应用science的形容词形式,故填scientific。 9.which　考查定语从句。分析句子可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句,故填which。 10.to explore　考查不定式。句意:更重要的是,这是全世界探索解决气候变化的办法的一种有效途径,从而推动了这个星球的绿色发展。名词way后跟不定式作后置定语,故填to explore。 Ⅲ.A 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了非洲企鹅的数量在减少,科学家在寻找原因,并且动物护理专家Kylene正在为保护非洲企鹅作出努力。 【高频词汇】　1.specialist n.专家　2.population n.人口 3.predict v.预测　4.disturb v.打扰　5.as a result结果 1.A　细节理解题。根据第二段第一、二句“Over the past several years, the African penguins have been on the decrease in numbers. A hundred years ago, there were about 1 million African penguins, but since then their population has decreased to under 100,000.(在过去几年里,非洲企鹅的数量一直在减少。100年前,大约有100万只非洲企鹅,但从那以后,它们的数量已经减少到不足10万只。)”可知,在过去的几年里,非洲企鹅的数量急剧下降。故选A。 2.B　主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容可知,一些科学家认为,海洋温度的变化导致了非洲企鹅的食物供应消失。人类也扰乱了非洲企鹅的野生栖息地,并收集它们的蛋。人类也一直在收集海鸟粪(从海鸟身上排出的废物),它可以被添加到土壤中,让植物生长得更顺利。结果,人类破坏了它们的自然筑巢地。没有大量的非洲企鹅用来筑巢的海鸟粪,它们被迫在空地上筑巢。据此可知,第三段主要介绍了非洲企鹅数量减少的原因。故选B。 3.C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“Kylene, an animal care specialist from SeaWorld San Diego(Kylene是圣地亚哥海洋世界的动物护理专家)”可知,Kylene是一位动物护理专家。故选C。 4.D　细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“And humans have also been collecting guano (the waste passed from the sea birds' bodies), which can be added to the soil to make plants grow more successfully. [人类也一直在收集海鸟粪(从海鸟身上排出的废物),它可以被添加到土壤中,让植物生长得更顺利。]”可知,海鸟粪可以被用作农业肥料。故选D。 5.C　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Through Kylene's efforts and the efforts of the people like her at many penguin conservation organizations in South Africa, these little penguins have a chance for a better future.(通过Kylene和南非的许多企鹅保护组织中像她一样的人的努力,这些小企鹅可能会有一个更好的未来。)”可推知,作者对非洲企鹅的未来持乐观态度。故选C。 方法归纳 　　如该题,根据尾段的内容可以推知作者对非洲企鹅的未来持乐观态度。 B 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。过去的7月份气温再创新高,人们愈发依赖空调带来的清凉,但能耗随之剧增,进而加剧气候变化。如何打破这种恶性循环,需通盘考量。 【高频词汇】　1.impact n.影响 v.有影响　2.efficiency n.效率,效能,功效　3.strategy n.策略　4.critical adj.极其重要的,关键的;批评的　5.take advantage of利用　6.aspect n.方面,层面　7.combination n.结合体,联合体 8.extend v.包括;延伸 【熟词生义】　1.cool熟义:adj.凉快的　生义:v.(使)变凉,冷却　2.employ熟义:v.雇用　生义:v.应用 3.address熟义:n.地址　生义:v.解决　4.lower熟义:adj.较低的　生义:v.降低 【差距词汇】　1.discomfort n.不舒服,不适;不安,尴尬 2.necessity n.必需的事物,必需品　3.mechanism n.机械装置 长难句 原句　We need a combination of better buildings and cities, better technologies and a better understanding that the true cost of air-conditioning extends beyond electric bills. 分析　本句是主从复合句。that引导同位语从句,解释说明understanding的内容。 译文　我们需要一个结合体,包括更好的建筑和城市、更好的技术和更好地理解空调的真正代价不仅仅是电费。 6.C　推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“This past July was the hottest recorded month in human history.”并结合下文可推断,作者在此处提及高温天气是为了引出文章的话题。故选C。 7.D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Massachusetts-based start-up Transaera claims that the system it is developing could use 35 percent less energy than the average standard air-conditioning unit.”可知,Transaera公司开发的系统可能比普通标准空调机组少消耗35%的能源,由此可知,Transaera公司研发的制冷系统低耗节能。故选D。 8.C　推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“‘It won't work to simply replace every existing air conditioner with a better model and call it a day,’ says Nicole Miranda, an engineer at the University of Oxford.”可推知,Nicole Miranda并不赞同仅通过空调设备的更新迭代来消除空调的影响。故选C。 9.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段Sneha Sachar先提出冷却是一个涉及很多方面的挑战,没有一个策略,也没有一个答案,接着说需要一个结合体,包括更好的建筑和城市、更好的技术和更好地理解空调的真正代价不仅仅是电费。 由此可推知,Sneha Sachar认为要解决制冷问题,需综合考虑多方面因素。故选B。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $