Unit 2 课时1 Section A 1a-1d（知识清单）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 2 "Inspiring people" Section A的核心知识。从必背词汇（如inspiring、admire等）出发，通过词形变换表格夯实基础，进而聚焦必会考点，涵盖inspire系列词辨析、have...in common用法、admire搭配及It's + adj. + (for/of sb.) to do sth.等核心句型，形成词汇到句型再到应用的学习支架。 知识链路按"词汇夯实-句型解析-对比辨析-即时应用"逻辑展开，每个考点配中考例句和即学即练习题。通过表格对比（如inspiring vs inspired）、固定搭配总结提升语言能力，习题设计强化学习能力，助力学生构建完整知识框架，提升英语理解与表达效率。

Unit 2 Inspiring people Section A ( 1a-1d) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 鼓舞人心的；激励的（形容词）：inspiring 2. 钦佩；赞赏（动词）：admire 3. 历史学家（名词）：historian 4. 化学家（名词）：chemist 5. 物理学家（名词）：physicist 6. 饥饿（名词）：hunger 7. 化学（名词）：chemistry 8. 辍学；退出（短语）：drop out (of sth) 9. 日历（名词）：calendar 10. 发现（名词）：discovery 1. 鼓舞人心的；激励的（形容词）：___________ 2. 钦佩；赞赏（动词）：___________ 3. 历史学家（名词）：___________ 4. 化学家（名词）：___________ 5. 物理学家（名词）：___________ 6. 饥饿（名词）：___________ 7. 化学（名词）：___________ 8. 辍学；退出（短语）：___________ 9. 日历（名词）：___________ 10. 发现（名词）：___________ 二、必会考点 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. Who inspires us?谁激励着我们？ inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v.激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感 单词 词性 中文释义 inspire v. 激励；鼓舞；启发灵感 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励人的（修饰事物） inspired adj. 受鼓舞的；有灵感的（修饰人） inspiration n. [C/U] 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 事物 > 记忆小提示：‑ing：令人……（物）；-ed：感到……（人） 固定搭配 1. inspire sb. 鼓舞 / 激励某人 2. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事（中考最高频） 3. inspire sb. with sth. 用某事鼓舞某人 4. be inspired by…被…… 所鼓舞；从…… 获得灵感 中考例句 1. His story inspires many young people.他的故事激励着很多年轻人。 2. The hero inspired us to work hard.这位英雄激励我们努力奋斗。（过去式：inspired） 3. This is an inspiring speech.这是一场鼓舞人心的演讲。 4. We felt inspired after listening to his talk.听完他的讲话，我们备受鼓舞。 5. She draws inspiration from real‑life experiences.她从现实生活经历中获取灵感。 6. Many scientists were inspired by Yuan Longping.许多科学家受到袁隆平的鼓舞。 易混辨析：inspiring vs inspired 单词 修饰对象 含义 例句 inspiring 事物（故事、演讲、事迹等） 令人鼓舞的（事物本身带来激励） That is an inspiring book. 那是一本鼓舞人心的书。 inspired 人（人的感受） 受到鼓舞的（人内心被激励） I felt inspired after reading the book. 读完这本书我备受鼓舞。 易混提醒 ✅an inspiring person 一位鼓舞他人的人（这个人让别人受到激励） ✅an inspired person 一位受到鼓舞的人（这个人自己被别人激励） 【即学即练】 1. The teacher inspired us ________ (try) our best. 2. It is an ________ (inspire) story for teenagers. 3. The children felt ________ (inspire) by the scientist’s words. 4. She got much ________ (inspire) from her grandma. 5. The great man ________ (inspire) lots of people years ago. 【参考答案】 1. to try 2. inspiring 3. inspired 4. inspiration 5. inspired 2. What do these people have in common?这些人有什么共同之处？ have … in common：有…… 共同之处 单词 词性 释义 common adj. 共同的；普通的；常见的 commonly adv. 通常；普遍地 固定搭配 1. have sth in common 有共同的…… 2. have a lot / much in common 有很多共同之处 3. have little / nothing in common 几乎没有 / 毫无共同之处 4. have sth in common with sb/sth 和…… 有共同之处（中考最高频） ✨核心结构：A have/has … in common with B A 和 B 有…… 共同点 中考例句 1. What do these great people have in common?这些伟人有什么共同之处？（课本原句） 2. The two girls have much in common.这两个女孩有很多共同之处。 3. He has nothing in common with his brother.他和他弟弟毫无共同之处。 4. They had little in common ten years ago.十年前他们几乎没有共同点。 5. This bird has some features in common with that kind.这种鸟和那一类鸟有一些共同特征。 6. Common hobbies make them good friends.共同的爱好让他们成为好朋友。（common 形容词用法） 辨析：have … in common 与 be common 短语 / 单词 核心含义 用法 例句 have … in common (with) （人 / 事物）与…… 有共同点 作谓语，主语是人 / 物，后面常接 with They have a lot in common. 他们有很多共同点。 be common 普通的；常见的；普遍的 be + common，描述事物本身的属性 This kind of weather is common here. 这种天气在这儿很常见。 【即学即练】 1. What do you ________ (have) in common with your deskmate? 2. Linda ________ (have) a lot in common with her sister. 3. The two boys ________ (have) nothing in common when they were young. 4. It is ________ (common) for teenagers to like sports. 5. Do you think they ________ (have) much in common? 6. This plant has some points ________ common with grass. 【参考答案】 1. have 2. has 3. had 4. common 5. have 6. in 3. Class, who do you admire the most?同学们，你们最钦佩谁？ →I really admire Yuan Longping.我非常钦佩袁隆平。 admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 单词 词性 中文释义 admire v. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的（修饰事物 / 人，指让人敬佩） admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的（表达人的态度） admiration n. [U] 钦佩；赞美；羡慕 固定搭配 1. admire sb. 钦佩 / 仰慕某人 2. admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人（中考高频） 3. look up to sb. 钦佩、仰慕某人（同义短语，课本原短语） 4. express admiration for sb/sth对…… 表达钦佩 中考例句 1. I really admire Yuan Longping.我十分钦佩袁隆平。（课本原句） 2. We admire him for his great courage.我们因为他巨大的勇气而钦佩他。 3. His admirable spirit influences many students.他那令人钦佩的精神影响着许多学生。 4. The students looked up to the scientist with admiration.学生们满怀敬佩仰慕这位科学家。 5. She gave me an admiring smile.她向我投来赞赏的微笑。 6. Many young people look up to these heroes.很多年轻人仰慕这些英雄。 辨析 1：admire /look up to 单词 / 短语 含义 侧重点 例句 admire (v.) 钦佩，赞赏 侧重内心欣赏、佩服，可以接人或事物；搭配 admire sb for sth I admire him for his wisdom. 我敬佩他的智慧。 look up to (短语) 仰慕；敬重 侧重地位、品格上敬仰，只接人，不接事物 We look up to our great heroes. 我们敬仰伟大的英雄。 辨析 2：admirable vs admiring 单词 修饰对象 含义 例句 admirable 事物、人的品质（外物） 令人钦佩的，别人觉得他很棒 He has an admirable quality. 他有着令人钦佩的品质。 admiring 表情、目光、人的态度 表示赞赏的、羡慕的，来自人本身 She gave him an admiring look. 她投去羡慕的目光。 【即学即练】 1. All of us ________ (admire) the hard‑working scientist. 2. People admire him ________ his great achievements. 3. He showed ________ (admire) courage in the face of danger. 4. The girl looked at the hero with ________ (admire). 5. We ________ (look up to /admire) him for his spirit.（二选一） 6. She gave me an ________ (admire) smile. 【参考答案】 1. admire 2. for 3. admirable 4. admiration 5. admire 6. admiring 4. It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger.他培育出一种新型水稻，助力缓解饥饿问题，真是太伟大了。 ①develop v.培育；发展 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：过去式 developed；名词 development 固定搭配：develop a new kind of… 培育新品种；develop a habit 养成习惯 中考例句：Scientists develop new kinds of plants. ②reduce v.减少，缓解 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：过去式 reduced 固定搭配：reduce pollution 减少污染；reduce hunger 缓解饥饿 中考例句：We should do something to reduce waste. ③hunger n.饥饿 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：形容词 hungry 饥饿的 中考例句：Many people around the world still face hunger. It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 （1）It’s＋adj.＋（for sb.） ＋to do sth.，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。如：It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。 （2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。如：It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我，真是太善良了。 【即学即练】 1.It’s important for scientists _______ (develop) new plants to fight _______ (hunger). 2.It’s great of them _______ (reduce) waste in daily life. 3.We need _______ (develop) new ways _______ (reduce) hunger around the world. 4.It’s necessary _______ (develop) farming to help people out of _______ (hunger). 5.Farmers try their best _______ (reduce) costs and _______ (develop) better rice. 【参考答案】 1.to develop; hunger 2.to reduce 3.to develop; to reduce 4.to develop; hunger 5.to reduce; develop 5.It was amazing that he did scientific research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education.尽管他没有接受过正规教育，却从事物理和化学方面的科学研究，这实在令人惊叹。 句型：It was amazing that… It is/was + 形容词 + that 从句 `It` 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 `that` 从句，避免句子头重脚轻。中文翻译常译为：“…… 这件事是令人…… 的” 例句 1. It is amazing that he can speak five languages.他会说五种语言，真是令人惊叹。 2. It was amazing that she finished the hard task in one day.她一天就完成这项艰巨的任务，实在令人惊叹。 拓展同类句型（同结构） > It is important that… …… 是很重要的 > It is great that… …… 真是太棒了 > It is difficult that… …… 是困难的 拓展： 1. amaze (v.)：使惊奇；使惊叹 ✅主语多为事物，宾语多为人，某物使某人惊讶。 The beautiful view amazed all of us.美丽的景色让我们所有人都惊叹不已。 His talent for music amazed his teachers.他的音乐天赋让老师们感到惊讶。 ✅常用搭配：amaze sb with sth用某事使某人惊叹 He amazed us with his great courage.他以非凡的勇气让我们惊叹。 2. amazing (adj.)：令人大为惊奇的（修饰事物）用来描述事情、事物本身令人惊讶 an amazing discovery 一项惊人的发现 It’s amazing news. 这是令人震惊的消息。 3. amazed (adj.)：感到惊奇的（修饰人） 描述人的内心感受 ✅搭配：be amazed at / by sth对…… 感到惊讶 ✅搭配：be amazed to do sth 做某事感到很惊讶 We were amazed at his wisdom.我们对他的智慧感到惊叹。 I was amazed to hear the story.听到这个故事，我感到很惊讶。 4. amazement (n.) [U] 惊奇，惊愕 in amazement 惊讶地 She stared at him in amazement.她惊讶地盯着他。 ✨小总结记忆 1. amazing：事物令人惊叹（物作主语 / 修饰物） 2. amazed：人感到惊叹（人作主语） 3. amaze：动词，事物使某人惊叹 4. amazement：名词，惊奇 5. It is/was amazing that + 从句：…… 这件事令人惊叹 【即学即练】 1. The ________ (amaze) girl won three prizes in the competition. 2. We were ________ (amaze) at his great achievement. 3. The wonderful performance ________ (amaze) all the people last night. 4. It is ________ (amaze) that he can finish so much work in one day. 5. She looked at the painting in ________ (amaze). 6. I was ________ (amaze) to know this ________ (amaze) fact. 【参考答案】1. amazing 2. amazed 3. amazed 4. amazing 5. amazement 6. amazed; amazing 6.Yes, Michael Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist.没错，迈克尔・法拉第年少时就辍学了，但他抓住一切机会学习，最终成为了一名伟大的科学家。 ①drop v.落下；放弃 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：过去式 dropped 必考短语：drop out of school 辍学 中考例句：No one should drop out of school easily. ②change （动词 & 名词，双词性高频词） （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”，change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 名词固定搭配 1. for a change 换换口味；换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革 【即学即练】 1.He _______ (drop) out of school when he was twelve. 2.You shouldn’t _______ (drop) rubbish everywhere in public. 3.This is a great _______ (chance) for you to learn new things. 4.Don’t miss any _______ (chance) when you want to make progress. 5.The boy _______ (drop) his bag and lost a good _______ (chance). 【参考答案】1.dropped 2.drop 3.chance 4.chance 5.dropped; chance 7. He also played a big part in reviewing the Chinese calendar at that time.他在当时修订中国历法的工作中也发挥了重要作用。 play a big part in：在…… 中发挥重要作用；在…… 中扮演重要角色 play an important part in 发挥重要作用（高频同义替换） 固定搭配 1. play a big part in (doing) sth 在（做）某事中发挥重要作用 ✨中考核心 2. play an important part in (doing) sth 在…… 中起重要作用 3. play a part in (doing) sth 在…… 中起作用（不一定重要） 4. play a role in (doing) sth 在…… 中扮演角色 / 起作用（同义短语） 中考例句 1.He also played a big part in reviewing the Chinese calendar at that time. 那时他也在修订中国历法方面发挥了重要作用。（课本原句） 2.Reading plays an important part in our study. 阅读在我们的学习中发挥重要作用。 3.Women played a big part in developing our society. 女性在发展我们的社会中发挥了重大作用。 4.Everyone can play a part in protecting the environment. 每个人都可以在保护环境方面出一份力。 5.Technology plays a role in our daily life. 科技在我们日常生活中起到作用。 辨析 play a part in VS play a role in 短语 含义 用法区别 例句 play a part in 在…… 起作用；参与 part 侧重 “一部分、一份作用”，口语、中考最常用；可加 big /important 修饰 Volunteers play a part in helping poor kids. 志愿者在帮助贫困孩子方面发挥作用。 play a role in 在…… 扮演角色；起作用 role 原本指戏剧 “角色”，可指社会、历史方面的作用，书面感更强 He played an important role in this project. 他在这个项目中扮演重要角色。 【即学即练】 1. He ________ (play) a big part in building the hospital many years ago. 2. Sports play an important part in ________ (keep) us healthy. 3. The scientist ________ (play) a big part in this research now.（三单） 4. Everyone can play a part in ________ (protect) our earth. 5. Lu Xun played an important ________ (part/role) in Chinese literature.（二者均可） 6. Teachers play a big part ________ guiding students. 【参考答案】 1. played 2. keeping 3. plays 4. protecting 5. part / role 6. in 8. It's always important to keep going in life.人生中坚持不懈永远十分重要。 ①句型：It is + adj. + to do sth It 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的 to do 不定式 结构：It is + 形容词 + (for sb) to do sth 含义：（对某人来说）做某事是…… 的。 It 只是形式上的主语，真正主语是 to do 部分，避免句子头重脚轻。 ✅中考例句 1. It’s important to keep practicing every day.每天坚持练习很重要。 2. It is difficult for him to finish the work.对他来说完成这项工作很困难。 3. It was amazing to hear the news.听到这个消息令人很震惊。 ②keep /kiːp/ v. 保持；坚持；继续；保存；饲养 过去式：kept 过去分词：kept（不规则变化！中考高频考点） 单词 词性 释义 keep v. 保持；继续；保存；饲养 keeper n. 看守人；保管人 固定搭配（中考必背） 1. keep doing sth 一直 / 持续做某事（动作反复、持续进行）⭐原句 keep going 就属于这个 2. keep on doing sth 继续做某事；坚持做某事 3. keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 4. keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（=stop/prevent sb from doing） 5. keep + 形容词 保持某种状态 keep healthy 保持健康 6. keep sb/sth + 形容词 使某人 / 某物保持…… 7. keep away from 远离…… 8. keep in touch with 与…… 保持联系 中考例句 1. Please keep trying, and you will succeed.请继续努力，你会成功的。（keep doing） 2. He kept on working though he was tired.虽然很累，但他坚持工作。 3. Don’t keep me waiting for too long.别让我等太久。（keep sb doing） 4. We must keep healthy.我们必须保持健康。（keep + 形容词） 5. The heavy rain kept him from going out.大雨阻止了他外出。 辨析 1：keep doing VS keep on doing 短语 含义 侧重点 例句 keep doing sth 一直做某事 强调动作持续不间断；也可表示反复发生的动作 He kept talking in class. 他上课一直在讲话。 keep on doing sth 坚持 / 继续做某事 强调克服困难，反复坚持，中间可以有停顿 Keep on trying, you will make progress. 坚持尝试，你会取得进步。 辨析 2：keep sb doing vs keep sb from doing 短语 含义 例句 keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事（主动使持续） You kept me standing outside. 你让我一直站在外面。 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（from 不能省略） Nothing can keep us from studying. 没有什么能阻止我们学习。 【即学即练】 1. It is important ________ (keep) going when you meet difficulties. 2. He kept ________ (work) until midnight yesterday. 3. Don’t keep me ________ (wait) for you. 4. Nothing can keep us from ________ (realize) our dream. 5. Please keep ________ (health) and take more exercise. 6. They ________ (keep) trying and finally won the prize.（过去式） 【参考答案】1. to keep 2. working 3. waiting 4. realizing 5. healthy 6. kept 9. It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days.在那个年代，女性从事那类工作是很困难的。 ✨句型：It is / was + adj. + for sb. to do sth. it 作形式主语句型（中考超级高频） 完整结构拆解 `It`（形式主语）+ be 动词 + 形容词 + for sb（对于某人来说）+ to do sth（真正的主语） - ✅ `It`：只是占位的形式主语，没有实际含义，真正的主语是后面的不定式 `to do sth` - ✅ `for sb`：引出动作的逻辑主语，也就是 “做这件事的人”，可省略 - ✅ `to do sth`：才是句子真正的主语，翻译时先翻译这件事 拓展对比：It is +adj. + for sb to do ✦ It is +adj. + of sb to do 句型 使用的形容词 含义 例句 It is + adj. + for sb to do sth 形容词用来描述事情：difficult, easy, hard, important, necessary, dangerous 做某事对某人来说是……（形容这件事） It is easy for me to learn English. 对我来说学英语很容易。 It is + adj. + of sb to do sth 形容词用来描述人的品质：kind, nice, clever, brave, great 某人做某事，某人真是……（形容人） It was great of him to develop new rice. 他培育新型水稻，他真伟大。（课本原句） 【即学即练】 1. It is necessary ________ us to learn more history. (for / of) 2. It was difficult ________ (finish) the work in those days. 3. It is brave ________ him to save the kid. (for /of) （修饰人 brave） 4. ________ is easy for her to find the answer. 【参考答案】 1. for 2. to finish 3. of 4. It 10.And she won two Nobel Prizes!而且她还获得了两项诺贝尔奖！ win /wɪn/ v. 赢；获胜；赢得（奖项、比赛、奖品） ⚠️不规则动词： 原形：win 过去式：won 过去分词：won 现在分词：winning 单词 词性 释义 win v. 赢；获胜；赢得（比赛、奖项） winner n. 获胜者；赢家 winning adj. 获胜的；赢的 固定搭配 1. win sth 赢得……（奖品、比赛、奖项、战争） win a prize 获奖；win a game 赢得比赛；win Nobel Prizes 获得诺贝尔奖 2. win the game / match / competition 赢得比赛 3. win first prize获得一等奖（中考高频） 4. win over sb 说服某人；争取到某人支持 中考例句 1. And she won two Nobel Prizes!而且她还获得了两项诺贝尔奖。（课本原句） 2. He won first prize in the science competition.他在科学竞赛中获得一等奖。 3. Our team won the basketball match yesterday.我们队昨天赢了这场篮球赛。 4. Who is the winner of this game?谁是这场比赛的获胜者？ 5. She has a winning idea.她有一个制胜的想法。 易混辨析：win VS beat（中考最高频辨析） 单词 宾语（后面接什么） 含义 例句 win 事物：比赛、奖项、战争、奖品（game, match, prize, competition） 赢得某项赛事 / 奖项 We won the match. 我们赢得了这场比赛。 beat 人 / 队伍：对手、某人、某支队伍 打败、战胜某人 / 对手 We beat their team. 我们打败了他们的队伍。 【即学即练】 1. She ________ (win) two Nobel Prizes years ago. 2. Our team ________ (beat) theirs last week, so we ________ (win) the game. 3. Who is the ________ (win) of the speech competition? 4. We are happy ________ (win) first prize. 5. They ________ (beat) us yesterday, but we will try again. 6. It’s difficult for him ________ (win) this match 【参考答案】 1. won 2. beat; won 3. winner 4. to win 5. beat 6. to win 1. 必背单词（语法填空高频，词形变换） 单词 词性 释义 词形变形（易错） inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 inspiring（adj. 令人鼓舞的，修饰物）；inspired（adj. 受鼓舞的，修饰人）；inspiration n. 灵感二一教育 admire v. 钦佩；仰慕 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；admiration n. 钦佩；admiring adj. 赞赏的学科网 physicist n. 物理学家 physics n. 物理（⚠️不要混淆） chemist n. 化学家 chemistry n. 化学 hunger n. 饥饿 hungry adj. 饥饿的 discovery n. 发现 discover v. 发现；复数：discoveries（变 y 为 i+es）二一教育 calendar n. 日历 无变形 2. 必背短语（听力、单选、写作） 1. drop out (of sth) 辍学；退出 drop out of school 辍学 2. reduce hunger 缓解饥饿 3. do scientific research in… 在…… 领域做科学研究 4. receive a formal education 接受正规教育 5. find every chance to do sth 抓住一切机会做某事 6. play a big part in (doing) sth 在…… 发挥重要作用（in 介词，后接 doing） 7. make important discoveries 做出重大发现 8. win Nobel Prizes 获得诺贝尔奖 9. have … in common 有…… 共同之处 10. look up to sb 钦佩、仰慕某人 3. 核心句型（1d 听力原文，中考写作万能句型） 句型 1：It was + adj. + of sb to do sth 形容词描述人的品质：great、brave、amazing、kind ✅ It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice…他培育新型水稻，真是太伟大了。 > 易错：of 后面是人，形容词评价人，不能用 for。 句型 2：It was amazing that + 从句（that 从句作真正主语） ✅ It was amazing that he did scientific research…令人惊叹的是他从事科学研究。 句型 3：It is/was + adj. + for sb to do sth > 形容词描述事情难度：difficult、important、necessary > ✅ It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days.在那个年代，女性做这类工作很困难。 $Unit 2 Inspiring people Section A ( 1a-1d) 核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 鼓舞人心的；激励的（形容词）：inspiring 2. 钦佩；赞赏（动词）：admire 3. 历史学家（名词）：historian 4. 化学家（名词）：chemist 5. 物理学家（名词）：physicist 6. 饥饿（名词）：hunger 7. 化学（名词）：chemistry 8. 辍学；退出（短语）：drop out (of sth) 9. 日历（名词）：calendar 10. 发现（名词）：discovery 1. 鼓舞人心的；激励的（形容词）：___________ 2. 钦佩；赞赏（动词）：___________ 3. 历史学家（名词）：___________ 4. 化学家（名词）：___________ 5. 物理学家（名词）：___________ 6. 饥饿（名词）：___________ 7. 化学（名词）：___________ 8. 辍学；退出（短语）：___________ 9. 日历（名词）：___________ 10. 发现（名词）：___________ 二、必会考点 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. Who inspires us?谁激励着我们？ inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v.激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感 单词 词性 中文释义 inspire v. 激励；鼓舞；启发灵感 inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励人的（修饰事物） inspired adj. 受鼓舞的；有灵感的（修饰人） inspiration n. [C/U] 灵感；鼓舞人心的人 / 事物 > 记忆小提示：‑ing：令人……（物）；-ed：感到……（人） 固定搭配 1. inspire sb. 鼓舞 / 激励某人 2. inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事（中考最高频） 3. inspire sb. with sth. 用某事鼓舞某人 4. be inspired by…被…… 所鼓舞；从…… 获得灵感 中考例句 1. His story inspires many young people.他的故事激励着很多年轻人。 2. The hero inspired us to work hard.这位英雄激励我们努力奋斗。（过去式：inspired） 3. This is an inspiring speech.这是一场鼓舞人心的演讲。 4. We felt inspired after listening to his talk.听完他的讲话，我们备受鼓舞。 5. She draws inspiration from real‑life experiences.她从现实生活经历中获取灵感。 6. Many scientists were inspired by Yuan Longping.许多科学家受到袁隆平的鼓舞。 易混辨析：inspiring vs inspired 单词 修饰对象 含义 例句 inspiring 事物（故事、演讲、事迹等） 令人鼓舞的（事物本身带来激励） That is an inspiring book. 那是一本鼓舞人心的书。 inspired 人（人的感受） 受到鼓舞的（人内心被激励） I felt inspired after reading the book. 读完这本书我备受鼓舞。 易混提醒 ✅an inspiring person 一位鼓舞他人的人（这个人让别人受到激励） ✅an inspired person 一位受到鼓舞的人（这个人自己被别人激励） 【即学即练】 1. The teacher inspired us ________ (try) our best. 2. It is an ________ (inspire) story for teenagers. 3. The children felt ________ (inspire) by the scientist’s words. 4. She got much ________ (inspire) from her grandma. 5. The great man ________ (inspire) lots of people years ago. 2. What do these people have in common?这些人有什么共同之处？ have … in common：有…… 共同之处 单词 词性 释义 common adj. 共同的；普通的；常见的 commonly adv. 通常；普遍地 固定搭配 1. have sth in common 有共同的…… 2. have a lot / much in common 有很多共同之处 3. have little / nothing in common 几乎没有 / 毫无共同之处 4. have sth in common with sb/sth 和…… 有共同之处（中考最高频） ✨核心结构：A have/has … in common with B A 和 B 有…… 共同点 中考例句 1. What do these great people have in common?这些伟人有什么共同之处？（课本原句） 2. The two girls have much in common.这两个女孩有很多共同之处。 3. He has nothing in common with his brother.他和他弟弟毫无共同之处。 4. They had little in common ten years ago.十年前他们几乎没有共同点。 5. This bird has some features in common with that kind.这种鸟和那一类鸟有一些共同特征。 6. Common hobbies make them good friends.共同的爱好让他们成为好朋友。（common 形容词用法） 辨析：have … in common 与 be common 短语 / 单词 核心含义 用法 例句 have … in common (with) （人 / 事物）与…… 有共同点 作谓语，主语是人 / 物，后面常接 with They have a lot in common. 他们有很多共同点。 be common 普通的；常见的；普遍的 be + common，描述事物本身的属性 This kind of weather is common here. 这种天气在这儿很常见。 【即学即练】 1. What do you ________ (have) in common with your deskmate? 2. Linda ________ (have) a lot in common with her sister. 3. The two boys ________ (have) nothing in common when they were young. 4. It is ________ (common) for teenagers to like sports. 5. Do you think they ________ (have) much in common? 6. This plant has some points ________ common with grass. 3. Class, who do you admire the most?同学们，你们最钦佩谁？ →I really admire Yuan Longping.我非常钦佩袁隆平。 admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 单词 词性 中文释义 admire v. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的（修饰事物 / 人，指让人敬佩） admiring adj. 赞赏的；羡慕的（表达人的态度） admiration n. [U] 钦佩；赞美；羡慕 固定搭配 1. admire sb. 钦佩 / 仰慕某人 2. admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人（中考高频） 3. look up to sb. 钦佩、仰慕某人（同义短语，课本原短语） 4. express admiration for sb/sth对…… 表达钦佩 中考例句 1. I really admire Yuan Longping.我十分钦佩袁隆平。（课本原句） 2. We admire him for his great courage.我们因为他巨大的勇气而钦佩他。 3. His admirable spirit influences many students.他那令人钦佩的精神影响着许多学生。 4. The students looked up to the scientist with admiration.学生们满怀敬佩仰慕这位科学家。 5. She gave me an admiring smile.她向我投来赞赏的微笑。 6. Many young people look up to these heroes.很多年轻人仰慕这些英雄。 辨析 1：admire /look up to 单词 / 短语 含义 侧重点 例句 admire (v.) 钦佩，赞赏 侧重内心欣赏、佩服，可以接人或事物；搭配 admire sb for sth I admire him for his wisdom. 我敬佩他的智慧。 look up to (短语) 仰慕；敬重 侧重地位、品格上敬仰，只接人，不接事物 We look up to our great heroes. 我们敬仰伟大的英雄。 辨析 2：admirable vs admiring 单词 修饰对象 含义 例句 admirable 事物、人的品质（外物） 令人钦佩的，别人觉得他很棒 He has an admirable quality. 他有着令人钦佩的品质。 admiring 表情、目光、人的态度 表示赞赏的、羡慕的，来自人本身 She gave him an admiring look. 她投去羡慕的目光。 【即学即练】 1. All of us ________ (admire) the hard‑working scientist. 2. People admire him ________ his great achievements. 3. He showed ________ (admire) courage in the face of danger. 4. The girl looked at the hero with ________ (admire). 5. We ________ (look up to /admire) him for his spirit.（二选一） 6. She gave me an ________ (admire) smile. 4. It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger.他培育出一种新型水稻，助力缓解饥饿问题，真是太伟大了。 ①develop v.培育；发展 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：过去式 developed；名词 development 固定搭配：develop a new kind of… 培育新品种；develop a habit 养成习惯 中考例句：Scientists develop new kinds of plants. ②reduce v.减少，缓解 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：过去式 reduced 固定搭配：reduce pollution 减少污染；reduce hunger 缓解饥饿 中考例句：We should do something to reduce waste. ③hunger n.饥饿 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：形容词 hungry 饥饿的 中考例句：Many people around the world still face hunger. It’s＋adj.＋（for/of sb.）to do sth.句型 （1）It’s＋adj.＋（for sb.） ＋to do sth.，意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。其中it是形式主语，句中的动词不定式是真正的主语。如：It’s necessary for students to have some labor courses. 学生上一些劳动课程是很有必要的。 （2）It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.，意为“某人做某事是……的”。其中所用的形容词为描述行为者的性格、品质的一类词。如：It’s very nice of you to offer me help. 你能主动帮我，真是太善良了。 【即学即练】 1.It’s important for scientists _______ (develop) new plants to fight _______ (hunger). 2.It’s great of them _______ (reduce) waste in daily life. 3.We need _______ (develop) new ways _______ (reduce) hunger around the world. 4.It’s necessary _______ (develop) farming to help people out of _______ (hunger). 5.Farmers try their best _______ (reduce) costs and _______ (develop) better rice. 5.It was amazing that he did scientific research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education.尽管他没有接受过正规教育，却从事物理和化学方面的科学研究，这实在令人惊叹。 句型：It was amazing that… It is/was + 形容词 + that 从句 `It` 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的 `that` 从句，避免句子头重脚轻。中文翻译常译为：“…… 这件事是令人…… 的” 例句 1. It is amazing that he can speak five languages.他会说五种语言，真是令人惊叹。 2. It was amazing that she finished the hard task in one day.她一天就完成这项艰巨的任务，实在令人惊叹。 拓展同类句型（同结构） > It is important that… …… 是很重要的 > It is great that… …… 真是太棒了 > It is difficult that… …… 是困难的 拓展： 1. amaze (v.)：使惊奇；使惊叹 ✅主语多为事物，宾语多为人，某物使某人惊讶。 The beautiful view amazed all of us.美丽的景色让我们所有人都惊叹不已。 His talent for music amazed his teachers.他的音乐天赋让老师们感到惊讶。 ✅常用搭配：amaze sb with sth用某事使某人惊叹 He amazed us with his great courage.他以非凡的勇气让我们惊叹。 2. amazing (adj.)：令人大为惊奇的（修饰事物）用来描述事情、事物本身令人惊讶 an amazing discovery 一项惊人的发现 It’s amazing news. 这是令人震惊的消息。 3. amazed (adj.)：感到惊奇的（修饰人） 描述人的内心感受 ✅搭配：be amazed at / by sth对…… 感到惊讶 ✅搭配：be amazed to do sth 做某事感到很惊讶 We were amazed at his wisdom.我们对他的智慧感到惊叹。 I was amazed to hear the story.听到这个故事，我感到很惊讶。 4. amazement (n.) [U] 惊奇，惊愕 in amazement 惊讶地 She stared at him in amazement.她惊讶地盯着他。 ✨小总结记忆 1. amazing：事物令人惊叹（物作主语 / 修饰物） 2. amazed：人感到惊叹（人作主语） 3. amaze：动词，事物使某人惊叹 4. amazement：名词，惊奇 5. It is/was amazing that + 从句：…… 这件事令人惊叹 【即学即练】 1. The ________ (amaze) girl won three prizes in the competition. 2. We were ________ (amaze) at his great achievement. 3. The wonderful performance ________ (amaze) all the people last night. 4. It is ________ (amaze) that he can finish so much work in one day. 5. She looked at the painting in ________ (amaze). 6. I was ________ (amaze) to know this ________ (amaze) fact. 6.Yes, Michael Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist.没错，迈克尔・法拉第年少时就辍学了，但他抓住一切机会学习，最终成为了一名伟大的科学家。 ①drop v.落下；放弃 【知识点拓展】 词形变换：过去式 dropped 必考短语：drop out of school 辍学 中考例句：No one should drop out of school easily. ②change （动词 & 名词，双词性高频词） （1）change作动词，意为“改变”。change one’s life意为“改变某人的人生”，change one’s mind意为“改变某人的主意/想法”。 例如： That kind of work has changed his life. 那种工作改变了他的生活。 I don’t know why he changed his mind soon. 我不知道他为什么这么快改变了主意。 (2) change是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如： You have changed a lot since I saw you last year. 自从我去年见到你以来，你改变了许多。 Tom changed jobs many times. 汤姆换了很多工作。 （3）change作名词，意为“变化，改变”。例如： Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。 They decided on a change in lifestyle. 他们决定改变生活方式。 （4）表示“零钱、找头”，是不可数名词。例如： When you go shopping, and don’t forget your change.你购物时，不要忘记找给你的钱。 I have no (small) change about me. 我身边没带零钱。 名词固定搭配 1. for a change 换换口味；换个方式 2. climate change 气候变化 3. social change 社会变革 【即学即练】 1.He _______ (drop) out of school when he was twelve. 2.You shouldn’t _______ (drop) rubbish everywhere in public. 3.This is a great _______ (chance) for you to learn new things. 4.Don’t miss any _______ (chance) when you want to make progress. 5.The boy _______ (drop) his bag and lost a good _______ (chance). 7. He also played a big part in reviewing the Chinese calendar at that time.他在当时修订中国历法的工作中也发挥了重要作用。 play a big part in：在…… 中发挥重要作用；在…… 中扮演重要角色 play an important part in 发挥重要作用（高频同义替换） 固定搭配 1. play a big part in (doing) sth 在（做）某事中发挥重要作用 ✨中考核心 2. play an important part in (doing) sth 在…… 中起重要作用 3. play a part in (doing) sth 在…… 中起作用（不一定重要） 4. play a role in (doing) sth 在…… 中扮演角色 / 起作用（同义短语） 中考例句 1.He also played a big part in reviewing the Chinese calendar at that time. 那时他也在修订中国历法方面发挥了重要作用。（课本原句） 2.Reading plays an important part in our study. 阅读在我们的学习中发挥重要作用。 3.Women played a big part in developing our society. 女性在发展我们的社会中发挥了重大作用。 4.Everyone can play a part in protecting the environment. 每个人都可以在保护环境方面出一份力。 5.Technology plays a role in our daily life. 科技在我们日常生活中起到作用。 辨析 play a part in VS play a role in 短语 含义 用法区别 例句 play a part in 在…… 起作用；参与 part 侧重 “一部分、一份作用”，口语、中考最常用；可加 big /important 修饰 Volunteers play a part in helping poor kids. 志愿者在帮助贫困孩子方面发挥作用。 play a role in 在…… 扮演角色；起作用 role 原本指戏剧 “角色”，可指社会、历史方面的作用，书面感更强 He played an important role in this project. 他在这个项目中扮演重要角色。 【即学即练】 1. He ________ (play) a big part in building the hospital many years ago. 2. Sports play an important part in ________ (keep) us healthy. 3. The scientist ________ (play) a big part in this research now.（三单） 4. Everyone can play a part in ________ (protect) our earth. 5. Lu Xun played an important ________ (part/role) in Chinese literature.（二者均可） 6. Teachers play a big part ________ guiding students. 8. It's always important to keep going in life.人生中坚持不懈永远十分重要。 ①句型：It is + adj. + to do sth It 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的 to do 不定式 结构：It is + 形容词 + (for sb) to do sth 含义：（对某人来说）做某事是…… 的。 It 只是形式上的主语，真正主语是 to do 部分，避免句子头重脚轻。 ✅中考例句 1. It’s important to keep practicing every day.每天坚持练习很重要。 2. It is difficult for him to finish the work.对他来说完成这项工作很困难。 3. It was amazing to hear the news.听到这个消息令人很震惊。 ②keep /kiːp/ v. 保持；坚持；继续；保存；饲养 过去式：kept 过去分词：kept（不规则变化！中考高频考点） 单词 词性 释义 keep v. 保持；继续；保存；饲养 keeper n. 看守人；保管人 固定搭配（中考必背） 1. keep doing sth 一直 / 持续做某事（动作反复、持续进行）⭐原句 keep going 就属于这个 2. keep on doing sth 继续做某事；坚持做某事 3. keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事 4. keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（=stop/prevent sb from doing） 5. keep + 形容词 保持某种状态 keep healthy 保持健康 6. keep sb/sth + 形容词 使某人 / 某物保持…… 7. keep away from 远离…… 8. keep in touch with 与…… 保持联系 中考例句 1. Please keep trying, and you will succeed.请继续努力，你会成功的。（keep doing） 2. He kept on working though he was tired.虽然很累，但他坚持工作。 3. Don’t keep me waiting for too long.别让我等太久。（keep sb doing） 4. We must keep healthy.我们必须保持健康。（keep + 形容词） 5. The heavy rain kept him from going out.大雨阻止了他外出。 辨析 1：keep doing VS keep on doing 短语 含义 侧重点 例句 keep doing sth 一直做某事 强调动作持续不间断；也可表示反复发生的动作 He kept talking in class. 他上课一直在讲话。 keep on doing sth 坚持 / 继续做某事 强调克服困难，反复坚持，中间可以有停顿 Keep on trying, you will make progress. 坚持尝试，你会取得进步。 辨析 2：keep sb doing vs keep sb from doing 短语 含义 例句 keep sb doing sth 让某人一直做某事（主动使持续） You kept me standing outside. 你让我一直站在外面。 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事（from 不能省略） Nothing can keep us from studying. 没有什么能阻止我们学习。 【即学即练】 1. It is important ________ (keep) going when you meet difficulties. 2. He kept ________ (work) until midnight yesterday. 3. Don’t keep me ________ (wait) for you. 4. Nothing can keep us from ________ (realize) our dream. 5. Please keep ________ (health) and take more exercise. 6. They ________ (keep) trying and finally won the prize.（过去式） 9. It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days.在那个年代，女性从事那类工作是很困难的。 ✨句型：It is / was + adj. + for sb. to do sth. it 作形式主语句型（中考超级高频） 完整结构拆解 `It`（形式主语）+ be 动词 + 形容词 + for sb（对于某人来说）+ to do sth（真正的主语） - ✅ `It`：只是占位的形式主语，没有实际含义，真正的主语是后面的不定式 `to do sth` - ✅ `for sb`：引出动作的逻辑主语，也就是 “做这件事的人”，可省略 - ✅ `to do sth`：才是句子真正的主语，翻译时先翻译这件事 拓展对比：It is +adj. + for sb to do ✦ It is +adj. + of sb to do 句型 使用的形容词 含义 例句 It is + adj. + for sb to do sth 形容词用来描述事情：difficult, easy, hard, important, necessary, dangerous 做某事对某人来说是……（形容这件事） It is easy for me to learn English. 对我来说学英语很容易。 It is + adj. + of sb to do sth 形容词用来描述人的品质：kind, nice, clever, brave, great 某人做某事，某人真是……（形容人） It was great of him to develop new rice. 他培育新型水稻，他真伟大。（课本原句） 【即学即练】 1. It is necessary ________ us to learn more history. (for / of) 2. It was difficult ________ (finish) the work in those days. 3. It is brave ________ him to save the kid. (for /of) （修饰人 brave） 4. ________ is easy for her to find the answer. 10.And she won two Nobel Prizes!而且她还获得了两项诺贝尔奖！ win /wɪn/ v. 赢；获胜；赢得（奖项、比赛、奖品） ⚠️不规则动词： 原形：win 过去式：won 过去分词：won 现在分词：winning 单词 词性 释义 win v. 赢；获胜；赢得（比赛、奖项） winner n. 获胜者；赢家 winning adj. 获胜的；赢的 固定搭配 1. win sth 赢得……（奖品、比赛、奖项、战争） win a prize 获奖；win a game 赢得比赛；win Nobel Prizes 获得诺贝尔奖 2. win the game / match / competition 赢得比赛 3. win first prize获得一等奖（中考高频） 4. win over sb 说服某人；争取到某人支持 中考例句 1. And she won two Nobel Prizes!而且她还获得了两项诺贝尔奖。（课本原句） 2. He won first prize in the science competition.他在科学竞赛中获得一等奖。 3. Our team won the basketball match yesterday.我们队昨天赢了这场篮球赛。 4. Who is the winner of this game?谁是这场比赛的获胜者？ 5. She has a winning idea.她有一个制胜的想法。 易混辨析：win VS beat（中考最高频辨析） 单词 宾语（后面接什么） 含义 例句 win 事物：比赛、奖项、战争、奖品（game, match, prize, competition） 赢得某项赛事 / 奖项 We won the match. 我们赢得了这场比赛。 beat 人 / 队伍：对手、某人、某支队伍 打败、战胜某人 / 对手 We beat their team. 我们打败了他们的队伍。 【即学即练】 1. She ________ (win) two Nobel Prizes years ago. 2. Our team ________ (beat) theirs last week, so we ________ (win) the game. 3. Who is the ________ (win) of the speech competition? 4. We are happy ________ (win) first prize. 5. They ________ (beat) us yesterday, but we will try again. 6. It’s difficult for him ________ (win) this match 1. 必背单词（语法填空高频，词形变换） 单词 词性 释义 词形变形（易错） inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 inspiring（adj. 令人鼓舞的，修饰物）；inspired（adj. 受鼓舞的，修饰人）；inspiration n. 灵感二一教育 admire v. 钦佩；仰慕 admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；admiration n. 钦佩；admiring adj. 赞赏的学科网 physicist n. 物理学家 physics n. 物理（⚠️不要混淆） chemist n. 化学家 chemistry n. 化学 hunger n. 饥饿 hungry adj. 饥饿的 discovery n. 发现 discover v. 发现；复数：discoveries（变 y 为 i+es）二一教育 calendar n. 日历 无变形 2. 必背短语（听力、单选、写作） 1. drop out (of sth) 辍学；退出 drop out of school 辍学 2. reduce hunger 缓解饥饿 3. do scientific research in… 在…… 领域做科学研究 4. receive a formal education 接受正规教育 5. find every chance to do sth 抓住一切机会做某事 6. play a big part in (doing) sth 在…… 发挥重要作用（in 介词，后接 doing） 7. make important discoveries 做出重大发现 8. win Nobel Prizes 获得诺贝尔奖 9. have … in common 有…… 共同之处 10. look up to sb 钦佩、仰慕某人 3. 核心句型（1d 听力原文，中考写作万能句型） 句型 1：It was + adj. + of sb to do sth 形容词描述人的品质：great、brave、amazing、kind ✅ It was great of him to develop a new kind of rice…他培育新型水稻，真是太伟大了。 > 易错：of 后面是人，形容词评价人，不能用 for。 句型 2：It was amazing that + 从句（that 从句作真正主语） ✅ It was amazing that he did scientific research…令人惊叹的是他从事科学研究。 句型 3：It is/was + adj. + for sb to do sth > 形容词描述事情难度：difficult、important、necessary > ✅ It was difficult for women to do that kind of work back in those days.在那个年代，女性做这类工作很困难。 $