Unit 2 课时2 Section A 2a-3c（知识清单）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单聚焦Unit 2 Inspiring People的Section A 2a-3c核心内容。先梳理16个必背词汇，涵盖名词、形容词、动词及短语并配填空练习，再通过必会考点深入解析discovery、volunteer等重点单词的词性、变形、固定搭配和辨析，同步讲解It's adj of sb to do sth、so...that...等核心句型，构建从词汇到句型的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇夯实—考点突破—应用巩固”逻辑展开，每个考点结合中考例句和即学即练，通过单词对比（如discover/invent/create）和句型辨析培养思维品质，配套练习强化语言能力，助力学生系统掌握知识并提升应试技巧，体现学科特色学习方法。

Unit 2 Inspiring people Unit 2 Section A 2a-3c核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 世纪（名词）：century 2. 受伤的；负伤的（形容词）：wounded 3. 英国的；英国人的（形容词）；英国人（名词）：British 4. 机场（名词）：airport 5. 国家；民族（名词）：nation 6. 传播；散布（名词）；传播；散布（动词，过去式 spread，过去分词 spread）：spread 7. 疾病（名词）：disease 8. 先驱；先锋（名词）：pioneer 9. 令人钦佩的（形容词）：admirable 10. 金字塔（名词）：pyramid 11. 平衡（名词）；保持平衡（动词）：balance 12. 勇气；胆量（名词）：courage 13. 智慧；学问（名词）：wisdom 14. 现场直播的（形容词）：live 15. 钦佩；仰慕某人（短语）：look up to sb 16. 勇敢的；无畏的（形容词）；勇敢面对；经受（困难）（动词）：brave 1. 世纪（名词）：___________ 2. 受伤的；负伤的（形容词）：___________ 3. 英国的；英国人的（形容词）；英国人（名词）：___________ 4. 机场（名词）：___________ 5. 国家；民族（名词）：___________ 6. 传播；散布（名词）；传播；散布（动词，过去式 spread，过去分词 spread）：___________ 7. 疾病（名词）：___________ 8. 先驱；先锋（名词）：___________ 9. 令人钦佩的（形容词）：___________ 10. 金字塔（名词）：___________ 11. 平衡（名词）；保持平衡（动词）：___________ 12. 勇气；胆量（名词）：___________ 13. 智慧；学问（名词）：___________ 14. 现场直播的（形容词）：___________ 15. 钦佩；仰慕某人（短语）：___________ 16. 勇敢的；无畏的（形容词）；勇敢面对；经受（困难）（动词）：___________ 二、必会考点 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. Isaac Newton made important discoveries in physics.艾萨克・牛顿在物理学领域取得了重大发现。 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；发觉 单词 词性 释义 discover v. 发现；发觉 discovery n. 发现（可数名词） discoverer n. 发现者 固定搭配 1. make a discovery 做出一项发现 2. make important/great discoveries 做出重大发现（课本原句，写作高频） 3. the discovery of … …… 的发现 4. scientific discoveries 科学发现 中考例句 1. He discovered a new kind of plant.他发现了一种新植物。（动词 discover） 2. The discovery of the new medicine saved many people.这种新药的发现拯救了很多人。 3. Scientists have made many great discoveries.科学家们取得了许多重大发现。（复数） 4. Who is the discoverer of America?美洲的发现者是谁？ 辨析discover， invent与create 词汇 意义及用法 discover 意为“发现”，指发现本来已经存在，但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。 invent 意为“发明”，指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。 create 意为“创作；创造”，指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术、理论、美食等。 如： ①Only later did she discover a talent for writing. 她后来才发现自己的写作天分。 ②Who invented the telephone？ 谁发明了电话机？ ③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created. 科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。 【即学即练】​ 用 discover /discovery/invent /invention 适当形式填空 1. Newton made several important ________ (discover) in physics. 2. He ________ (discover) the secret many years ago. 3. The ________ (discover) of oil changed the world. 4. Bell ________ (invent) the telephone. It is a great ________ (invent). 5. Scientists keep ________ (make) new discoveries. 6. We were excited about these new ________ (discovery). 【参考答案】1. discoveries 2. discovered 3. discovery 4. invented; invention 5. making 6. discoveries 2.Florence Nightingale volunteered as a nurse to help the wounded soldiers.弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔志愿担任护士，救助受伤的士兵。 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/v. 自愿做；义务做n. 志愿者；义务工作者 过去式、过去分词：volunteered；现在分词：volunteering 单词 词性 释义 volunteer v. / n. v. 自愿做；n. 志愿者 voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；义务的 voluntarily adv. 自愿地；主动地 固定搭配 1. volunteer to do sth 自愿 / 主动做某事（中考最高频） 2. volunteer as + 职业 志愿担任……（课本原句搭配） 3. volunteer for sth 自愿参与某事；为…… 做志愿工作 4. a volunteer for sth …… 的一名志愿者 5. do voluntary work 做志愿工作（形容词 voluntary） 中考例句 1. Many students volunteer to help old people on weekends.许多学生周末自愿去帮助老人。 2. He is a volunteer for the community activity.他是这项社区活动的一名志愿者。 3. She volunteered for the sports meeting.她自愿为运动会服务。 4. They often do voluntary work in the hospital.他们经常在医院做志愿工作。 辨析 volunteer (v.) /offer 单词 含义 用法 例句 volunteer 自愿做；义务做 强调无偿、主动志愿；搭配 volunteer to do sth He volunteered to clean the park. 他自愿打扫公园。（无报酬） offer 主动提出；提供 可有偿可无偿，侧重主动提议；搭配 offer to do sth He offered to help me with my bags. 他主动帮我提包。 【即学即练】​ 用 volunteer /voluntary 的适当形式填空 1. Lots of young people ________ (volunteer) to help homeless people every year. 2. Nightingale ________ (volunteer) as a nurse many years ago. 3. He is a ________ (volunteer) in the city library. 4. Many teenagers take part in ________ (volunteer) work. 5. She volunteered ________ (give) out food to poor kids. 6. Would you like ________ (volunteer) for this activity? 【参考答案】1. volunteer 2. volunteered 3. volunteer 4. voluntary 5. to give 6. to volunteer 3.Alan Turing created a test to see if a computer could really think like a person.艾伦・图灵设计了一项测试，用来检验计算机是否真的可以像人一样思考。 create /kriˈeɪt/ v. 创造；创作；设计；创建 过去式：created 过去分词：created 现在分词：creating 单词 词性 中文释义 create v. 创造；创作；设计；创建 creation n. 创造；创作物（可数 / 不可数） creator n. 创造者；创作者（指人） creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的⭐中考高频 creativity n.[U] 创造力；创造性 固定搭配 1. create sth 创造 / 创作 / 设计某物 2. create a test / plan / project 设计一项测试、制定计划、创建项目 3. create interest 激发兴趣 4. create problems 制造麻烦 5. be creative in (doing) sth 在（做）某事方面富有创造力 中考例句 1. The artist created many wonderful paintings.这位艺术家创作了许多精彩的画作。 2. He is a creative boy and he has many new ideas.他是一个富有创造力的男孩，有很多新想法。 3. Everyone has some creativity.每个人都拥有一定的创造力。 4. It was very creative of him to design it.他设计出它，极具创造力。（课本原句） 辨析 create /invent/make 单词 含义 侧重点 例句 create 创造；创作；设计 侧重从无到有地创造抽象事物、艺术作品、制度、方案、测试；不一定是实物 He created a new game. 他设计出一款新游戏。 invent 发明 侧重发明前所未有的实物机器、工具（之前不存在） Edison invented the lightbulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。 make 制作；做 普通用词，侧重加工、制作现成材料得到物品 She made a cake. 她做了一个蛋糕。 【即学即练】​ 用 create 的适当形式填空 1. Alan Turing ________ (create) a test many years ago. 2. He is a ________ (create) student; he always has new ideas. 3. This is a great ________ (create) of the great ________ (create). 这是这位伟大创作者的一件伟大作品。 4. Teachers should encourage students’ ________ (create). 5. It was creative of him ________ (create) this new tool. 6. The accident ________ (create) a lot of trouble last week. 【参考答案】 1. created 2. creative 3. creation; creator 4. creativity 5. to create 6. created 4.All these helped the UK develop into a modern nation.所有这些助力英国发展成为一个现代化国家。 develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展；开发；培养；使进步 过去式：developed 过去分词：developed 现在分词：developing 单词 词性 释义 develop v. 发展；开发；培养；研制 development n. [U/C] 发展；进展（名词） developing adj. 发展中的 developed adj. 发达的 中考超级高频两组形容词： developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 固定搭配 1. develop into… 发展成为… 2. develop into a modern nation 发展成为现代化国家 3. develop a habit 养成一种习惯 4. develop interest in… 培养对…… 的兴趣 5. develop new products 开发新产品 6. help … (to) do sth 帮助…… 发展（help 后 to 可省略） 7. with the development of… 随着…… 的发展（写作高分短语） 中考例句 1. China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。 2. Some western countries are developed countries.一些西方国家是发达国家。 3. We should develop a good reading habit.我们应该养成良好的阅读习惯。 4. With the development of science, our life is becoming better.随着科学的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。 5. He developed this new theory in physics.他创立 / 发展了这一物理学新理论。 辨析 develop /grow 含义 侧重点 例句 发展；养成；开发 侧重事物、国家、能力、习惯、理论逐步进步、演变；人为培养也可用 He developed an interest in chemistry. 他培养出对化学的兴趣。 生长；成长；增长 侧重生物自然生长；数量增长；也可指人长大 The trees grow fast. 这些树长得很快。 【即学即练】​ 用 develop 的适当形式填空 1. The small city ________ (develop) into a big city many years ago. 2. China is a ________ (develop) country. 3. Some European countries are ________ (develop) countries. 4. With the ________ (develop) of technology, people’s life changes a lot. 5. Parents help children ________ (develop) good habits.（help sb (to) do） 6. He ________ (develop) an interest in physics when he was young. 【参考答案】1. developed 2. developing 3. developed 4. development 5. (to) develop 6. developed 5.It was wonderful of her to help us understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases.她帮助我们认识到医院需要更加洁净，以此来阻止疾病传播，她真是太棒了。 句型讲解：It is/was + adj. + of sb. to do sth 中考例句 1. It was kind of you to give me a hand.你帮我，你人真好。 2. It was creative of him to design the test.他设计这项测试，很有创造力。 wonderful /ˈwʌndəfl/ adj.绝妙的；极好的；了不起的 单词 词性 释义 wonder v./n. v. 想知道；对…… 感到惊讶 n. 奇迹，奇观 wonderful adj. 绝妙的，了不起的 wonderfully adv. 极好地；绝妙地 固定搭配 1. It is wonderful of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是了不起（本句句型） 2. have a wonderful time 玩得开心（中考高频短语） 3. wonder about sth 对…… 感到好奇；琢磨…… 4. wonder if/whether‑从句 想知道是否……（宾语从句高频） 5. It is wonderful to do sth 做某事很美妙 中考例句 2. We had a wonderful time at the party.我们在派对上玩得很开心。 3. I wonder if you can help me.我想知道你是否可以帮我。 4. Everything goes wonderfully.一切进展十分顺利。 5. The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the world.长城是世界七大奇迹之一。 【即学即练】​ 用 wonder /wonderful/wonderfully 适当形式填空 1. It was ________ (wonder) of her to do so much good work. 2. We had a ________ (wonder) time last summer. 3. I ________ (wonder) whether you can join our volunteer activity. 4. She sings ________ (wonder). 5. It is wonderful ________ (travel) around the world. 6. The Great Wall is one of the great ________ (wonder) in the world. 【参考答案】1. wonderful 2. wonderful 3. wonder 4. wonderfully 5. to travel 6. wonders 6.It was so important that he developed physics!他推动了物理学的发展，这是何等重要！ ✅基本结构：so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句 含义：如此…… 以至于…… so 是副词，后面修饰形容词 adj / 副词 adv that 引导结果状语从句，表示带来的结果。 1. so + 形容词+ that 从句`It was so important that he developed physics!`这件事如此重要，以至于他推动了物理学的发展。 2. so + 副词 + that 从句 He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.他跑得如此快，以至于没人能追上他。 so 修饰名词只限于：so + many /much/few /little + 名词 + that 从句 so many + 可数名词复数 so few + 可数名词复数 so much + 不可数名词 so little + 不可数名词 固定搭配 & 拓展句式 1. so + adj./adv. + that + 肯定从句** 如此…… 以至于（可以……） 2. so + adj./adv. + that + 否定从句** 如此…… 以至于（不能……）👉可以和 `too…to…` 互相转换（中考改写句子必考） 3. so + many/much/few/little + 名词 +that 从句 如此多 / 少…… 以至于…… 中考例句 1. The girl was so clever that she worked out the problem quickly.这个女孩如此聪明，很快就解出了这道题。 2. He speaks so quietly that we can hardly hear him.他说话声音如此小，我们几乎听不见。 3 There are so few hours in a day **that** we must make good use of time. 一天时间如此少，我们必须好好利用时间。 4. He was so tired that he couldn’t keep going.他太累了，坚持不下去了。 易混辨析 辨析 1：so…that… VS such…that…（中考单选、句型转换必考） 句型 结构 例句 so…that… 1. so +adj./adv.+that2. so+many/much/few/little + 名词 + that He is so tall that he can reach the shelf.他如此高，够得到架子。So little time that… 时间如此少…… such…that… 1. such + a/an +adj.+ 可数名词单数 + that2. such +adj.+ 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that It is such a good book that I read it twice.这是一本如此好的书，我读了两遍。They are such interesting stories that… 快速口诀： so 找形 / 副；such 找名词；many/much/few/little 只用 so。 辨析 2：so…that… VS too…to… VS …enough to do 句型 含义 结构 例句 so…that + 否定句 如此…… 以至于不能…… so+adj./adv.+that sb can’t/couldn’t do He is so short that he can’t reach it. too…to do 太…… 而不能…… too+adj./adv.+to do He is too short to reach it. …enough to do 足够…… 可以做…… adj./adv.+enough to do He is tall enough to reach it. 【即学即练】​ 1. The boy ran ________ (so/such) fast that he won the race. 2. It was ________ (so/such) a great discovery that it changed the world. 3. There were ________ (so/such) many visitors that the hall was full. 4. He was so weak that he couldn’t keep working.（改为 too…to 句型） ___________________________________________________________ 5. The book is so interesting that all kids love it.（改为 such…that 句型） ___________________________________________________________ 6. She is so creative that she can create many new things.（改为 enough to） __________________________________________________________ 【参考答案】 1. so 2. such 3. so 4. He was too weak to keep working. 5. It is such an interesting book that all kids love it. 6. She is creative enough to create many new things. 7. It was very creative of him to design it.他设计出它，极具创造力。 design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. 设计；构思；计划n. 设计；图案 过去式：designed 过去分词：designed 现在分词：designing 单词 词性 释义 design v./n. v. 设计；n. 设计，图案 designer n. 设计师；设计者（指人） 固定搭配 1. design sth 设计某物 2. design sth for sb/sth 为…… 设计某物 3. be designed to do sth 旨在；目的是做某事（中考高频） 4. be designed for… 为…… 而设计 5. by design 故意地；有意地（=on purpose） 中考例句 1. He designed a new kind of machine.他设计了一款新式机器。 2. This app is designed to help students learn English.这款应用旨在帮助学生学习英语。 3. The house is designed for old people.这所房子是为老年人设计的。 4. Who is the designer of this test?这项测试的设计者是谁？ 5. He didn’t do it by accident. He did it by design.他不是偶然做的，是故意的。 辨析 design /create/invent 单词 含义 侧重点 例句 design 设计 侧重构思、绘制方案图纸；多指规划器物、建筑、系统，不一定亲手制造实物 He designed a new computer. 他设计了一款新电脑。（构思方案） create 创造；创作 创造出全新事物，可以是方案、艺术、抽象事物 He created a new test. 他创造出一套测试。 invent 发明 创造从前不存在的实物工具、装置 Edison invented the lightbulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。 短语辨析 by design VS by accident 短语 含义 例句 by design 故意地，有意地 He made the mistake by design. 他故意犯这个错误。 by accident 偶然，意外地 I met her by accident. 我偶然遇见了她。 【即学即练】​ 用 design /designer 的适当形式填空 1. It was creative of him ________ (design) the special test. 2. This building ________ (design) many years ago.（被动） 3. The program ________ (be designed to) improve kids’ reading skills. 4. She is a great ________ (design). 5. This tool is designed ________ (help) workers. 6. He didn’t break the window by chance. He did it ________ design. 【参考答案】1. to design 2. was designed 3. is designed to 4. designer 5. to help 6. by 8. She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气与智慧。 ①be full of + 名词 充满……；装满……（状态） 辨析 be full of VS be filled with VS fill…with… 短语 词性 / 结构 含义 侧重点 例句 be full of be + adj.+of 充满…… 表状态；full 是形容词，主动形式表达 “充满”，中考最常用 The room is full of flowers. 房间满是鲜花。 be filled with be + 过去分词 + with 被…… 填满 表状态；被动含义，fill 的过去分词 filled，和 be full of 大多可以互换 The room is filled with flowers. 房间满是鲜花。 fill … with … 动词短语 用…… 把…… 装满 强调动作，人为去装填 He filled the room with flowers. 他把房间摆满鲜花。 【即学即练】​ 用 full /fill 的适当形式填空 1. She is ________ (full) of courage. 2. The lake is filled ________ water.（填介词） 3. Please ________ (fill) the glass with milk. 4. The world ________ (be) full of chances.（三单） 5. The box was ________ (fill) with old pictures. 6. Please fill ________ this card before you start.（短语 fill in） 【参考答案】1. full 2. with 3. fill 4. is 5. filled 6. in ②courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. [U] 勇气；胆量 单词 词性 释义 courage n.(U) 勇气，胆量 courageous adj. 勇敢的，有勇气的 encourage v. 鼓励；激励⭐单元高频 encouragement n. 鼓励；鼓舞 变形：courage (n. 勇气) → encourage (v. 鼓励) → encouragement (n. 鼓励) → courageous (adj. 勇敢的) 固定搭配 1. be full of courage 充满勇气（课本原句） 2. have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事（中考写作高频） 3. show courage 展现勇气 4. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事⭐必考 5. encourage sb in sth 在某方面鼓励某人 中考例句 1. He has the courage to face difficulties.他有勇气面对困难。 2. Her parents encourage her to keep going in life.她的父母鼓励她人生中要坚持不懈。 3. He is a courageous scientist.他是一位有勇气的科学家。 4. Thank you for your encouragement.谢谢你的鼓励。 【即学即练】​ 用 courage /encourage 的适当形式填空 1. She is full of ________ (courage) and wisdom. 2. He has the courage ________ (face) all kinds of problems. 3. My teacher always ________ (encourage) me not to give up.（三单） 4. Thanks for your ________ (encourage). 5. It is brave ________ him to show so much courage.（of/for） 6. His words encouraged me ________ (keep) trying. 【参考答案】1. courage 2. to face 3. encourages 4. encouragement 5. of 6. to keep 9. It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here.他支持并鼓励我在这里的交换学习，他人真的很好。 support /səˈpɔːt/v. 支持；拥护；资助；支撑n. [U] 支持；帮助；资助 过去式：supported 过去分词：supported 现在分词：supporting 固定搭配 1. support sth / sb 支持某人 / 某事 2. support doing sth 支持做某事（⚠️后面接动名词，不接 to do）⭐高频易错 3. support one’s study 支持某人的学业（课本原句 support my exchange study） 4. give support to sb = give sb support给予某人支持 5. with one’s support 在某人的支持下（写作高分短语） 6. be supportive of sb/sth 支持…… 中考例句 1. Many parents support sending kids to take part in volunteer activities.很多家长支持送孩子参加志愿活动。 2. With his support, I finished the project.在他的支持下，我完成了这个项目。 3. He is a strong supporter of this plan.他是这项计划坚定的支持者。 4. My teachers are supportive of my decision.老师们支持我的决定。 【即学即练】​ 用 support /supportive/supporter 的适当形式填空 1. It was nice of him ________ (support) my exchange study. 2. Most people support ________ (protect) the poor children. 3. ________ (with) his support, I made much progress.（填介词） 4. She is a ________ (support) of this activity. 5. My parents are ________ (support) of my decision. 6. Thank you for giving ________ (I) so much support. 【参考答案】1. to support 2. protecting 3. With 4. supporter 5. supportive 6. me 一、核心单词（词形变换） 单词 词性 释义 变形 & 易错点 spread v./n. 传播；蔓延 过去式 / 过去分词 spreadspreadspread（不变形！超级易错） disease n. 疾病 复数 diseases wisdom n.[U] 智慧 形容词 wise 明智的；不可数，无 s treat v. 对待；治疗 名词 treatment 治疗；处理 pride n. 骄傲；自豪 adj. proud；短语 take pride in = be proud of 为…… 自豪 remain v. 仍然是；保持；留存 无被动；remain+adj 保持某种状态 value v./n. 重视；价值 adj. valuable 有价值的 memory n. 记忆；回忆 复数 memories（变 y 为 i+es） symbol n. 象征 a symbol of …… 的象征 二、必背短语（单选、完形、写作） 1. stop the spread of diseases 阻止疾病的传播 2. take care of patients 照顾病人 3. save one’s life 挽救某人生命 4. take pride in = be proud of 为…… 感到自豪（必考同义替换） 5. remain in history 留存于历史中 6. be remembered for… 因…… 而被铭记 7. be a symbol of … …… 的象征 8. of great value = very valuable 很有价值（写作高分） 9. treat sb well/badly 善待 / 虐待某人 10. in memory of 为纪念…… 三、核心句型 1. be remembered for… 因…… 而被铭记（阅读高频被动） She is remembered for her work in the hospital.她因在医院的工作而被人们铭记。 > 辨析：be remembered for（因事迹、成就被记住）；be remembered as（作为…… 身份被记住） 2. It is/was + adj. + of sb to do sth It was wonderful of her to help the wounded soldiers.她救助受伤士兵，真是太了不起了。 > 形容词评价人的品质：brave, wonderful, creative, nice, great；用 of；可以转化为 sb be adj。 3. It is/was + adj. + for sb to do sth It was difficult for women to work in those days.在那个年代女性工作很困难。 形容词评价事情：difficult, hard, important；用 for。 4. so…that… 如此…… 以至于…… It was so important that he developed physics!这件事如此重要，以至于他推动了物理学的发展。 > so+adj/adv+that；such+(a/an) adj + 名词 + that；many/much/few/little 只用 so。 $Unit 2 Inspiring people Unit 2 Section A 2a-3c核心知识梳理 一、必背词汇 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 世纪（名词）：century 2. 受伤的；负伤的（形容词）：wounded 3. 英国的；英国人的（形容词）；英国人（名词）：British 4. 机场（名词）：airport 5. 国家；民族（名词）：nation 6. 传播；散布（名词）；传播；散布（动词，过去式 spread，过去分词 spread）：spread 7. 疾病（名词）：disease 8. 先驱；先锋（名词）：pioneer 9. 令人钦佩的（形容词）：admirable 10. 金字塔（名词）：pyramid 11. 平衡（名词）；保持平衡（动词）：balance 12. 勇气；胆量（名词）：courage 13. 智慧；学问（名词）：wisdom 14. 现场直播的（形容词）：live 15. 钦佩；仰慕某人（短语）：look up to sb 16. 勇敢的；无畏的（形容词）；勇敢面对；经受（困难）（动词）：brave 1. 世纪（名词）：___________ 2. 受伤的；负伤的（形容词）：___________ 3. 英国的；英国人的（形容词）；英国人（名词）：___________ 4. 机场（名词）：___________ 5. 国家；民族（名词）：___________ 6. 传播；散布（名词）；传播；散布（动词，过去式 spread，过去分词 spread）：___________ 7. 疾病（名词）：___________ 8. 先驱；先锋（名词）：___________ 9. 令人钦佩的（形容词）：___________ 10. 金字塔（名词）：___________ 11. 平衡（名词）；保持平衡（动词）：___________ 12. 勇气；胆量（名词）：___________ 13. 智慧；学问（名词）：___________ 14. 现场直播的（形容词）：___________ 15. 钦佩；仰慕某人（短语）：___________ 16. 勇敢的；无畏的（形容词）；勇敢面对；经受（困难）（动词）：___________ 二、必会考点 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. Isaac Newton made important discoveries in physics.艾萨克・牛顿在物理学领域取得了重大发现。 discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；发觉 单词 词性 释义 discover v. 发现；发觉 discovery n. 发现（可数名词） discoverer n. 发现者 固定搭配 1. make a discovery 做出一项发现 2. make important/great discoveries 做出重大发现（课本原句，写作高频） 3. the discovery of … …… 的发现 4. scientific discoveries 科学发现 中考例句 1. He discovered a new kind of plant.他发现了一种新植物。（动词 discover） 2. The discovery of the new medicine saved many people.这种新药的发现拯救了很多人。 3. Scientists have made many great discoveries.科学家们取得了许多重大发现。（复数） 4. Who is the discoverer of America?美洲的发现者是谁？ 辨析discover， invent与create 词汇 意义及用法 discover 意为“发现”，指发现本来已经存在，但人们还不知道的事物、真理或情况。 invent 意为“发明”，指通过研究和实验制作的具有全新功能的器物等。 create 意为“创作；创造”，指创造出原本不存在的东西，如艺术、理论、美食等。 如： ①Only later did she discover a talent for writing. 她后来才发现自己的写作天分。 ②Who invented the telephone？ 谁发明了电话机？ ③Scientists disagree about how the universe was created. 科学家对宇宙是怎样形成的意见不一。 【即学即练】​ 用 discover /discovery/invent /invention 适当形式填空 1. Newton made several important ________ (discover) in physics. 2. He ________ (discover) the secret many years ago. 3. The ________ (discover) of oil changed the world. 4. Bell ________ (invent) the telephone. It is a great ________ (invent). 5. Scientists keep ________ (make) new discoveries. 6. We were excited about these new ________ (discovery). 2.Florence Nightingale volunteered as a nurse to help the wounded soldiers.弗洛伦斯・南丁格尔志愿担任护士，救助受伤的士兵。 volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/v. 自愿做；义务做n. 志愿者；义务工作者 过去式、过去分词：volunteered；现在分词：volunteering 单词 词性 释义 volunteer v. / n. v. 自愿做；n. 志愿者 voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；义务的 voluntarily adv. 自愿地；主动地 固定搭配 1. volunteer to do sth 自愿 / 主动做某事（中考最高频） 2. volunteer as + 职业 志愿担任……（课本原句搭配） 3. volunteer for sth 自愿参与某事；为…… 做志愿工作 4. a volunteer for sth …… 的一名志愿者 5. do voluntary work 做志愿工作（形容词 voluntary） 中考例句 1. Many students volunteer to help old people on weekends.许多学生周末自愿去帮助老人。 2. He is a volunteer for the community activity.他是这项社区活动的一名志愿者。 3. She volunteered for the sports meeting.她自愿为运动会服务。 4. They often do voluntary work in the hospital.他们经常在医院做志愿工作。 辨析 volunteer (v.) /offer 单词 含义 用法 例句 volunteer 自愿做；义务做 强调无偿、主动志愿；搭配 volunteer to do sth He volunteered to clean the park. 他自愿打扫公园。（无报酬） offer 主动提出；提供 可有偿可无偿，侧重主动提议；搭配 offer to do sth He offered to help me with my bags. 他主动帮我提包。 【即学即练】​ 用 volunteer /voluntary 的适当形式填空 1. Lots of young people ________ (volunteer) to help homeless people every year. 2. Nightingale ________ (volunteer) as a nurse many years ago. 3. He is a ________ (volunteer) in the city library. 4. Many teenagers take part in ________ (volunteer) work. 5. She volunteered ________ (give) out food to poor kids. 6. Would you like ________ (volunteer) for this activity? 3.Alan Turing created a test to see if a computer could really think like a person.艾伦・图灵设计了一项测试，用来检验计算机是否真的可以像人一样思考。 create /kriˈeɪt/ v. 创造；创作；设计；创建 过去式：created 过去分词：created 现在分词：creating 单词 词性 中文释义 create v. 创造；创作；设计；创建 creation n. 创造；创作物（可数 / 不可数） creator n. 创造者；创作者（指人） creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的⭐中考高频 creativity n.[U] 创造力；创造性 固定搭配 1. create sth 创造 / 创作 / 设计某物 2. create a test / plan / project 设计一项测试、制定计划、创建项目 3. create interest 激发兴趣 4. create problems 制造麻烦 5. be creative in (doing) sth 在（做）某事方面富有创造力 中考例句 1. The artist created many wonderful paintings.这位艺术家创作了许多精彩的画作。 2. He is a creative boy and he has many new ideas.他是一个富有创造力的男孩，有很多新想法。 3. Everyone has some creativity.每个人都拥有一定的创造力。 4. It was very creative of him to design it.他设计出它，极具创造力。（课本原句） 辨析 create /invent/make 单词 含义 侧重点 例句 create 创造；创作；设计 侧重从无到有地创造抽象事物、艺术作品、制度、方案、测试；不一定是实物 He created a new game. 他设计出一款新游戏。 invent 发明 侧重发明前所未有的实物机器、工具（之前不存在） Edison invented the lightbulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。 make 制作；做 普通用词，侧重加工、制作现成材料得到物品 She made a cake. 她做了一个蛋糕。 【即学即练】​ 用 create 的适当形式填空 1. Alan Turing ________ (create) a test many years ago. 2. He is a ________ (create) student; he always has new ideas. 3. This is a great ________ (create) of the great ________ (create). 这是这位伟大创作者的一件伟大作品。 4. Teachers should encourage students’ ________ (create). 5. It was creative of him ________ (create) this new tool. 6. The accident ________ (create) a lot of trouble last week. 4.All these helped the UK develop into a modern nation.所有这些助力英国发展成为一个现代化国家。 develop /dɪˈveləp/ v. 发展；开发；培养；使进步 过去式：developed 过去分词：developed 现在分词：developing 单词 词性 释义 develop v. 发展；开发；培养；研制 development n. [U/C] 发展；进展（名词） developing adj. 发展中的 developed adj. 发达的 中考超级高频两组形容词： developing countries 发展中国家 developed countries 发达国家 固定搭配 1. develop into… 发展成为… 2. develop into a modern nation 发展成为现代化国家 3. develop a habit 养成一种习惯 4. develop interest in… 培养对…… 的兴趣 5. develop new products 开发新产品 6. help … (to) do sth 帮助…… 发展（help 后 to 可省略） 7. with the development of… 随着…… 的发展（写作高分短语） 中考例句 1. China is a developing country.中国是一个发展中国家。 2. Some western countries are developed countries.一些西方国家是发达国家。 3. We should develop a good reading habit.我们应该养成良好的阅读习惯。 4. With the development of science, our life is becoming better.随着科学的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。 5. He developed this new theory in physics.他创立 / 发展了这一物理学新理论。 辨析 develop /grow 含义 侧重点 例句 发展；养成；开发 侧重事物、国家、能力、习惯、理论逐步进步、演变；人为培养也可用 He developed an interest in chemistry. 他培养出对化学的兴趣。 生长；成长；增长 侧重生物自然生长；数量增长；也可指人长大 The trees grow fast. 这些树长得很快。 【即学即练】​ 用 develop 的适当形式填空 1. The small city ________ (develop) into a big city many years ago. 2. China is a ________ (develop) country. 3. Some European countries are ________ (develop) countries. 4. With the ________ (develop) of technology, people’s life changes a lot. 5. Parents help children ________ (develop) good habits.（help sb (to) do） 6. He ________ (develop) an interest in physics when he was young. 5.It was wonderful of her to help us understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases.她帮助我们认识到医院需要更加洁净，以此来阻止疾病传播，她真是太棒了。 句型讲解：It is/was + adj. + of sb. to do sth 中考例句 1. It was kind of you to give me a hand.你帮我，你人真好。 2. It was creative of him to design the test.他设计这项测试，很有创造力。 wonderful /ˈwʌndəfl/ adj.绝妙的；极好的；了不起的 单词 词性 释义 wonder v./n. v. 想知道；对…… 感到惊讶 n. 奇迹，奇观 wonderful adj. 绝妙的，了不起的 wonderfully adv. 极好地；绝妙地 固定搭配 1. It is wonderful of sb to do sth 某人做某事真是了不起（本句句型） 2. have a wonderful time 玩得开心（中考高频短语） 3. wonder about sth 对…… 感到好奇；琢磨…… 4. wonder if/whether‑从句 想知道是否……（宾语从句高频） 5. It is wonderful to do sth 做某事很美妙 中考例句 2. We had a wonderful time at the party.我们在派对上玩得很开心。 3. I wonder if you can help me.我想知道你是否可以帮我。 4. Everything goes wonderfully.一切进展十分顺利。 5. The Great Wall is one of the seven wonders of the world.长城是世界七大奇迹之一。 【即学即练】​ 用 wonder /wonderful/wonderfully 适当形式填空 1. It was ________ (wonder) of her to do so much good work. 2. We had a ________ (wonder) time last summer. 3. I ________ (wonder) whether you can join our volunteer activity. 4. She sings ________ (wonder). 5. It is wonderful ________ (travel) around the world. 6. The Great Wall is one of the great ________ (wonder) in the world. 6.It was so important that he developed physics!他推动了物理学的发展，这是何等重要！ ✅基本结构：so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句 含义：如此…… 以至于…… so 是副词，后面修饰形容词 adj / 副词 adv that 引导结果状语从句，表示带来的结果。 1. so + 形容词+ that 从句`It was so important that he developed physics!`这件事如此重要，以至于他推动了物理学的发展。 2. so + 副词 + that 从句 He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.他跑得如此快，以至于没人能追上他。 so 修饰名词只限于：so + many /much/few /little + 名词 + that 从句 so many + 可数名词复数 so few + 可数名词复数 so much + 不可数名词 so little + 不可数名词 固定搭配 & 拓展句式 1. so + adj./adv. + that + 肯定从句** 如此…… 以至于（可以……） 2. so + adj./adv. + that + 否定从句** 如此…… 以至于（不能……）👉可以和 `too…to…` 互相转换（中考改写句子必考） 3. so + many/much/few/little + 名词 +that 从句 如此多 / 少…… 以至于…… 中考例句 1. The girl was so clever that she worked out the problem quickly.这个女孩如此聪明，很快就解出了这道题。 2. He speaks so quietly that we can hardly hear him.他说话声音如此小，我们几乎听不见。 3 There are so few hours in a day **that** we must make good use of time. 一天时间如此少，我们必须好好利用时间。 4. He was so tired that he couldn’t keep going.他太累了，坚持不下去了。 易混辨析 辨析 1：so…that… VS such…that…（中考单选、句型转换必考） 句型 结构 例句 so…that… 1. so +adj./adv.+that2. so+many/much/few/little + 名词 + that He is so tall that he can reach the shelf.他如此高，够得到架子。So little time that… 时间如此少…… such…that… 1. such + a/an +adj.+ 可数名词单数 + that2. such +adj.+ 可数名词复数 / 不可数名词 + that It is such a good book that I read it twice.这是一本如此好的书，我读了两遍。They are such interesting stories that… 快速口诀： so 找形 / 副；such 找名词；many/much/few/little 只用 so。 辨析 2：so…that… VS too…to… VS …enough to do 句型 含义 结构 例句 so…that + 否定句 如此…… 以至于不能…… so+adj./adv.+that sb can’t/couldn’t do He is so short that he can’t reach it. too…to do 太…… 而不能…… too+adj./adv.+to do He is too short to reach it. …enough to do 足够…… 可以做…… adj./adv.+enough to do He is tall enough to reach it. 【即学即练】​ 1. The boy ran ________ (so/such) fast that he won the race. 2. It was ________ (so/such) a great discovery that it changed the world. 3. There were ________ (so/such) many visitors that the hall was full. 4. He was so weak that he couldn’t keep working.（改为 too…to 句型） ___________________________________________________________ 5. The book is so interesting that all kids love it.（改为 such…that 句型） ___________________________________________________________ 6. She is so creative that she can create many new things.（改为 enough to） __________________________________________________________ 7. It was very creative of him to design it.他设计出它，极具创造力。 design /dɪˈzaɪn/ v. 设计；构思；计划n. 设计；图案 过去式：designed 过去分词：designed 现在分词：designing 单词 词性 释义 design v./n. v. 设计；n. 设计，图案 designer n. 设计师；设计者（指人） 固定搭配 1. design sth 设计某物 2. design sth for sb/sth 为…… 设计某物 3. be designed to do sth 旨在；目的是做某事（中考高频） 4. be designed for… 为…… 而设计 5. by design 故意地；有意地（=on purpose） 中考例句 1. He designed a new kind of machine.他设计了一款新式机器。 2. This app is designed to help students learn English.这款应用旨在帮助学生学习英语。 3. The house is designed for old people.这所房子是为老年人设计的。 4. Who is the designer of this test?这项测试的设计者是谁？ 5. He didn’t do it by accident. He did it by design.他不是偶然做的，是故意的。 辨析 design /create/invent 单词 含义 侧重点 例句 design 设计 侧重构思、绘制方案图纸；多指规划器物、建筑、系统，不一定亲手制造实物 He designed a new computer. 他设计了一款新电脑。（构思方案） create 创造；创作 创造出全新事物，可以是方案、艺术、抽象事物 He created a new test. 他创造出一套测试。 invent 发明 创造从前不存在的实物工具、装置 Edison invented the lightbulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。 短语辨析 by design VS by accident 短语 含义 例句 by design 故意地，有意地 He made the mistake by design. 他故意犯这个错误。 by accident 偶然，意外地 I met her by accident. 我偶然遇见了她。 【即学即练】​ 用 design /designer 的适当形式填空 1. It was creative of him ________ (design) the special test. 2. This building ________ (design) many years ago.（被动） 3. The program ________ (be designed to) improve kids’ reading skills. 4. She is a great ________ (design). 5. This tool is designed ________ (help) workers. 6. He didn’t break the window by chance. He did it ________ design. 8. She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气与智慧。 ①be full of + 名词 充满……；装满……（状态） 辨析 be full of VS be filled with VS fill…with… 短语 词性 / 结构 含义 侧重点 例句 be full of be + adj.+of 充满…… 表状态；full 是形容词，主动形式表达 “充满”，中考最常用 The room is full of flowers. 房间满是鲜花。 be filled with be + 过去分词 + with 被…… 填满 表状态；被动含义，fill 的过去分词 filled，和 be full of 大多可以互换 The room is filled with flowers. 房间满是鲜花。 fill … with … 动词短语 用…… 把…… 装满 强调动作，人为去装填 He filled the room with flowers. 他把房间摆满鲜花。 【即学即练】​ 用 full /fill 的适当形式填空 1. She is ________ (full) of courage. 2. The lake is filled ________ water.（填介词） 3. Please ________ (fill) the glass with milk. 4. The world ________ (be) full of chances.（三单） 5. The box was ________ (fill) with old pictures. 6. Please fill ________ this card before you start.（短语 fill in） ②courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. [U] 勇气；胆量 单词 词性 释义 courage n.(U) 勇气，胆量 courageous adj. 勇敢的，有勇气的 encourage v. 鼓励；激励⭐单元高频 encouragement n. 鼓励；鼓舞 变形：courage (n. 勇气) → encourage (v. 鼓励) → encouragement (n. 鼓励) → courageous (adj. 勇敢的) 固定搭配 1. be full of courage 充满勇气（课本原句） 2. have the courage to do sth 有勇气去做某事（中考写作高频） 3. show courage 展现勇气 4. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事⭐必考 5. encourage sb in sth 在某方面鼓励某人 中考例句 1. He has the courage to face difficulties.他有勇气面对困难。 2. Her parents encourage her to keep going in life.她的父母鼓励她人生中要坚持不懈。 3. He is a courageous scientist.他是一位有勇气的科学家。 4. Thank you for your encouragement.谢谢你的鼓励。 【即学即练】​ 用 courage /encourage 的适当形式填空 1. She is full of ________ (courage) and wisdom. 2. He has the courage ________ (face) all kinds of problems. 3. My teacher always ________ (encourage) me not to give up.（三单） 4. Thanks for your ________ (encourage). 5. It is brave ________ him to show so much courage.（of/for） 6. His words encouraged me ________ (keep) trying. 9. It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here.他支持并鼓励我在这里的交换学习，他人真的很好。 support /səˈpɔːt/v. 支持；拥护；资助；支撑n. [U] 支持；帮助；资助 过去式：supported 过去分词：supported 现在分词：supporting 固定搭配 1. support sth / sb 支持某人 / 某事 2. support doing sth 支持做某事（⚠️后面接动名词，不接 to do）⭐高频易错 3. support one’s study 支持某人的学业（课本原句 support my exchange study） 4. give support to sb = give sb support给予某人支持 5. with one’s support 在某人的支持下（写作高分短语） 6. be supportive of sb/sth 支持…… 中考例句 1. Many parents support sending kids to take part in volunteer activities.很多家长支持送孩子参加志愿活动。 2. With his support, I finished the project.在他的支持下，我完成了这个项目。 3. He is a strong supporter of this plan.他是这项计划坚定的支持者。 4. My teachers are supportive of my decision.老师们支持我的决定。 【即学即练】​ 用 support /supportive/supporter 的适当形式填空 1. It was nice of him ________ (support) my exchange study. 2. Most people support ________ (protect) the poor children. 3. ________ (with) his support, I made much progress.（填介词） 4. She is a ________ (support) of this activity. 5. My parents are ________ (support) of my decision. 6. Thank you for giving ________ (I) so much support. 一、核心单词（词形变换） 单词 词性 释义 变形 & 易错点 spread v./n. 传播；蔓延 过去式 / 过去分词 spreadspreadspread（不变形！超级易错） disease n. 疾病 复数 diseases wisdom n.[U] 智慧 形容词 wise 明智的；不可数，无 s treat v. 对待；治疗 名词 treatment 治疗；处理 pride n. 骄傲；自豪 adj. proud；短语 take pride in = be proud of 为…… 自豪 remain v. 仍然是；保持；留存 无被动；remain+adj 保持某种状态 value v./n. 重视；价值 adj. valuable 有价值的 memory n. 记忆；回忆 复数 memories（变 y 为 i+es） symbol n. 象征 a symbol of …… 的象征 二、必背短语（单选、完形、写作） 1. stop the spread of diseases 阻止疾病的传播 2. take care of patients 照顾病人 3. save one’s life 挽救某人生命 4. take pride in = be proud of 为…… 感到自豪（必考同义替换） 5. remain in history 留存于历史中 6. be remembered for… 因…… 而被铭记 7. be a symbol of … …… 的象征 8. of great value = very valuable 很有价值（写作高分） 9. treat sb well/badly 善待 / 虐待某人 10. in memory of 为纪念…… 三、核心句型 1. be remembered for… 因…… 而被铭记（阅读高频被动） She is remembered for her work in the hospital.她因在医院的工作而被人们铭记。 > 辨析：be remembered for（因事迹、成就被记住）；be remembered as（作为…… 身份被记住） 2. It is/was + adj. + of sb to do sth It was wonderful of her to help the wounded soldiers.她救助受伤士兵，真是太了不起了。 > 形容词评价人的品质：brave, wonderful, creative, nice, great；用 of；可以转化为 sb be adj。 3. It is/was + adj. + for sb to do sth It was difficult for women to work in those days.在那个年代女性工作很困难。 形容词评价事情：difficult, hard, important；用 for。 4. so…that… 如此…… 以至于…… It was so important that he developed physics!这件事如此重要，以至于他推动了物理学的发展。 > so+adj/adv+that；such+(a/an) adj + 名词 + that；many/much/few/little 只用 so。 $