Unit 4 Inventions（单元分层自测·能力提升卷）英语新教材沪教版八年级上册

**基本信息** 本试卷为八年级上册英语Unit 4 Inventions单元自测卷，以"发明"为主题，融合科技前沿（如脑机接口、3D打印）与文化传承（如活字印刷）素材，通过多样化题型考查语言能力与思维品质，适配单元复习需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|10/10|形容词比较级/最高级、as...as结构、连词|聚焦基础语法，如第4题考查"one of the greatest"| |完形填空|10/10|上下文理解、词汇（permanent/implanted）|以BCI技术真实案例创设情境，提升语篇思维| |阅读理解|15/30|细节查找、推理判断|对比中外发明（表格）、解析3D打印/神经芯片，体现文化意识| |书面表达|1/15|发明创意描述|要求设计智能交通系统，培养问题解决与创新表达能力|

2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 4 Inventions ·提升卷 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：110分） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1. Of all the inventions in history, the wheel is probably ________. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在历史上所有发明中，轮子可能是最好的。 考查最高级。"Of all the inventions in history"表示史上范围，用最高级the best。故选C。 2. This new battery recycling technology is ________ than traditional methods. A. far better B. far good C. far best D. the farthest 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这项新的电池回收技术远比传统方法好。 考查比较级。far修饰比较级better，far better意为"远比……好"。故选A。 3. AI is as important as the Internet, but computers will never be ________ smart as humans. A. so B. as C. too D. very 【答案】B 【解析】句意：AI和互联网一样重要，但计算机永远不会像人类那么聪明。 考查(not) as...as同级比较。not as smart as表示"不如……聪明"。故选B。 4. Without doubt, Bi Sheng's movable type printing was one of ________ Chinese inventions. A. great B. greater C. the greatest D. greatest 【答案】C 【解析】句意：毫无疑问，毕昇的活字印刷是中国最伟大的发明之一。 考查最高级。one of the+最高级+名词复数"最……的……之一"。故选C。 5. The brain-computer interface system has helped a paralysed patient walk again. This is ________ news. A. bad B. worse C. the worst D. the best 【答案】D 【解析】句意：脑机接口系统帮助瘫痪患者重新行走。这是最好的消息。 考查最高级。这是最好的消息，用the best。故选D。 6. Large amounts of ________ are needed to build a crewed spacecraft. A. metal B. metals C. a metal D. the metal 【答案】A 【解析】句意：建造载人航天器需要大量的金属。 考查large amounts of的用法。large amounts of+不可数名词，metal是不可数名词，用原形。故选A。 7. ________ the 3D printer is expensive, it can produce objects much faster than traditional methods. A. Although B. Because C. If D. So 【答案】A 【解析】句意：虽然3D打印机昂贵，但它比传统方法更快地制造物品。 考查although用法。although引导让步状语从句，表示"虽然"。故选A。 8. The new neuromorphic chip runs ________ faster than the traditional GPU in brain modelling tasks. A. 478 time B. 478 times C. 478th time D. 478 times' 【答案】B 【解析】句意：新型神经形态芯片在脑建模任务中比传统GPU快478倍。 考查倍数表达。478 times faster表示"快478倍"，times表示倍数。故选B。 9. The purpose of this invention is ________ traffic jams in the city. A. avoid B. avoiding C. to avoid D. avoided 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这项发明的目的是避免城市交通拥堵。 考查非谓语动词。the purpose is to do sth.表示"目的是做某事"，用不定式to avoid。故选C。 10. The wheel, which was invented about 5,500 years ago, has made a great ________ to human life. A. benefit B. different C. difference D. distance 【答案】C 【解析】句意：轮子约5500年前发明，对人类生活产生了巨大影响。 考查固定搭配。make a difference意为"产生影响"，difference是名词。故选C。 二、完形填空。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 In 2025, a 30-year-old man named Zhiping had been paralysed for five years after a car accident. His lower body had no 11 at all. Doctors told him that his spinal cord injury was complete and the damage was 12 . He could not walk, and he needed someone to help him with everything. However, a new invention called the Beinao-1 brain-computer interface (BCI) system gave him hope. In May 2025, doctors at Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing 13 the BCI system and a spinal cord stimulation device into his body at the same time. This was the world's first such combined 14 . The system works by reading the patient's brain signals when he thinks about moving his legs, and then sending these 15 to the spinal cord stimulation device. After one year of 16 , Zhiping could lift his legs and walk with the help of special braces and crutches. His condition improved from a complete injury to an incomplete one. This 17 the long-held medical belief that chronic spinal cord injuries are irreversible. The Beinao-1 system uses a thin, 18 electrode that is placed on the outer surface of the brain's protective layer. It does not 19 brain tissue. Nearly 30 human implantations have been completed, and the system has run safely for over 65,000 hours. Without doubt, this invention has made one of the 20 differences in medical history, giving paralysed patients a chance to walk again. 11. A. feeling B. movement C. sight D. hearing 12. A. reversible B. personal C. permanent D. central 13. A. attached B. pressed C. introduced D. implanted 14. A. operation B. decision C. technique D. path 15. A. signals B. designs C. distances D. types 16. A. resting B. training C. doubting D. pulling 17. A. avoided B. produced C. challenged D. noticed 18. A. heavy B. hard C. soft D. big 19. A. damage B. improve C. create D. design 20. A. greatest B. greater C. great D. more great 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. A 【导语】本文介绍了中国自主研发的"北脑一号"脑机接口系统如何帮助瘫痪五年患者志明重新行走的故事，包括技术原理、康复过程和医学突破意义。改编自2026年6月宣武医院新闻。 11. movement运动/活动；feeling感觉；sight视觉；hearing听觉。下肢没有运动能力用movement 12. permanent永久的/不可逆的；reversible可逆的；personal个人的；central中央的。完全性脊髓损伤是永久性的用permanent 13. implanted植入；attached连接；pressed按压；introduced介绍/引进。植入系统用implanted 14. operation手术/操作；decision决定；technique技术；path路径。联合植入手术用operation 15. signals信号；designs设计；distances距离；types类型。脑信号用signals 16. training训练/康复训练；resting休息；doubting怀疑；pulling拉。康复训练用training 17. challenged挑战/推翻；avoided避免；produced产生；noticed注意到。推翻传统医学定论用challenged 18. soft柔软的；heavy重的；hard硬的；big大的。柔性电极用soft 19. damage损害/损伤；improve改进；create创造；design设计。不损伤脑组织用damage 20. greatest最伟大的，最高级形式，医学史上最伟大的影响之一 三、语法选择 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) From movable type printing to modern 3D printers, printing technology has come a long way. Bi Sheng invented movable type printing around 1040 AD. His invention was 21 convenient than copying books by hand. Each character could 22 moved and reused, which made printing much 23 . Today, 3D printing is one of 24 exciting new technologies. A 3D printer can produce objects layer by layer from a digital design. Although a 3D printer is not 25 cheap as a traditional printer, it can create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot. The 3D printer is as 26 in modern manufacturing as the steam engine was in the 19th century. Large number of 27 are used in 3D printing, including plastic, metal and even food materials. A number of industries depend 28 this technology to improve their production. Without 29 , printing technology has made one of 30 differences in human history, from Bi Sheng's clay types to today's digital designs. 21. A. more B. most C. the most D. much 22. A. is B. be C. was D. been 23. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 24. A. a B. an C. the D. / 25. A. so B. as C. too D. very 26. A. important B. more important C. the most important D. importantly 27. A. material B. materials C. a material D. the material 28. A. in B. on C. at D. for 29. A. question B. problem C. doubt D. difficulty 30. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 【答案】21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. C 【导语】本文介绍了从活字印刷到3D打印——印刷术的历史演变，包括毕昇的活字印刷发明、3D打印技术的工作原理和优势。贴合U4 Section 4 Bi Sheng主题。 21. 比较级more convenient，比手工抄书更方便 22. could后接动词原形be，could be moved 23. much修饰比较级faster，使印刷更快 24. one of the most exciting最高级前用the 25. not as cheap as不如……便宜，同级比较否定 26. as important as同级比较，用原级important 27. large number of+名词复数 materials 28. depend on依赖，固定搭配 29. without doubt毫无疑问，固定短语 30. the best differences最高级，人类历史上最好的影响之一 四、阅读（共两节，共35分） 第一节 阅读理解。(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) A Invention Time Inventor/Country Application Impact Level Category Paper ~105 AD Cai Lun / China Writing & Records ★★★★★ Chinese Ancient Compass ~1040 AD Unknown / China Navigation ★★★★☆ Chinese Ancient Movable Type ~1040 AD Bi Sheng / China Printing ★★★★☆ Chinese Ancient Steam Engine 1769 James Watt / UK Power & Industry ★★★★★ Western Modern Telephone 1876 A. Bell / USA Communication ★★★★☆ Western Modern 3D Printer 1986 Chuck Hull / USA Manufacturing ★★★☆☆ Western Modern Beinao-1 BCI 2025 CIBR / China Medical Recovery ★★★★★ Chinese Modern 【导语】本文是一张中外发明对比表，列出了7项重要发明，包括中国古代四大发明中的三项、西方近代三项发明和中国现代一项发明，对比了发明时间、发明者、应用领域、影响等级和类别。 31. Which invention is the most recent one in the table? A. 3D Printer. B. Telephone. C. Beinao-1 BCI. D. Steam Engine. 【答案】C 【解析】Beinao-1 BCI的Time是2025年，是表格中最近的发明。故选C。 32. How many Chinese ancient inventions are listed? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 【答案】C 【解析】Category为Chinese Ancient的有Paper、Compass、Movable Type，共3项。故选C。 33. Which invention has the highest impact level? A. Compass. B. Telephone. C. 3D Printer. D. Paper. 【答案】D 【解析】Paper、Steam Engine和Beinao-1 BCI都是★★★★★(最高)，Paper是其中之一。故选D。 34. What is the main application of the Beinao-1 BCI? A. Navigation. B. Manufacturing. C. Medical Recovery. D. Communication. 【答案】C 【解析】Beinao-1 BCI的Application是Medical Recovery(医疗康复)。故选C。 35. Which western modern invention is mainly used for communication? A. Steam Engine. B. Telephone. C. 3D Printer. D. Beinao-1 BCI. 【答案】B 【解析】Telephone的Application是Communication(通信)，属于Western Modern。故选B。 B 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is changing the way we make things. Unlike traditional manufacturing that cuts or moulds materials into shapes, a 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from a digital design. This technique makes it possible to create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot produce. A 3D printer works by heating material—usually plastic or metal—and pressing it through a small nozzle. The printer follows a digital design and adds material one layer at a time. Large amounts of materials can be saved because 3D printing only uses what is needed. This is much better than traditional methods that often waste a lot of material. 3D printing is becoming more and more popular in many fields. In medicine, 3D printers can create custom prosthetics (假肢) that fit each patient perfectly. In construction, some companies are using large 3D printers to build houses in just a few days. In education, students can design and print their own models, which helps them understand invention and design better. Although 3D printers are not as cheap as regular printers yet, they are improving quickly. Some experts predict that every home will have a 3D printer in the future, just as most homes have a regular printer today. Without doubt, 3D printing is one of the best new technologies for manufacturing, and its benefits are far greater than we can imagine. 【导语】本文介绍了3D打印技术如何改变制造业和日常生活，包括3D打印的工作原理、材料节约优势以及在医疗、建筑和教育领域的应用。贴合U4 3D printer词汇。 36. How does a 3D printer build objects? A. By cutting materials. B. By moulding materials. C. By adding material layer by layer. D. By pressing materials into shapes. 【答案】C 【解析】根据第一段"a 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from a digital design"。故选C。 37. What materials can a 3D printer use? A. Only plastic. B. Only metal. C. Plastic and metal. D. Only paper. 【答案】C 【解析】根据第二段"heating material—usually plastic or metal"。故选C。 38. Why is 3D printing better than traditional manufacturing in saving material? A. It uses cheaper materials. B. It only uses what is needed. C. It produces more objects. D. It works faster. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第二段"3D printing only uses what is needed"。故选B。 39. What can 3D printers create in medicine? A. Regular books. B. Custom prosthetics. C. Houses. D. Cars. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第三段"In medicine, 3D printers can create custom prosthetics"。故选B。 40. What do experts predict about the future of 3D printing? A. No one will use it. B. Only factories will have 3D printers. C. Every home will have a 3D printer. D. 3D printers will replace all machines. 【答案】C 【解析】根据最后段"Some experts predict that every home will have a 3D printer in the future"。故选C。 C In July 2026, a team from Peking University made an amazing breakthrough. They created the world's first neuromorphic chip based on phase-change memristors. This tiny chip, only 0.28 square millimetres in size, can run certain brain modelling tasks up to 478 times faster than NVIDIA's A100 GPU. The chip was developed by Professor Yang Yuchao's team. It uses a special type of memory device called a phase-change memristor. Traditional computer chips have a problem: they need to move data between the processor and memory many times, which wastes time and energy. The new chip solves this problem by doing calculation and storage in the same place—a method called "compute-in-memory". In one important test, the chip was asked to rebuild a 3D model of the brain's surface. NVIDIA's A100 GPU needed about 2 seconds to do this, but the new chip finished in just 426 milliseconds. That is far faster than any previous technology. The chip also uses much less energy—completing a full brain surface rebuild uses about one-thousandth of the energy needed to charge a phone. Although the chip cannot replace GPUs for all tasks, it is specifically designed for brain-related calculations. It could be very useful for brain-computer interfaces, medical diagnosis of brain diseases, and real-time brain modelling during surgery. Without doubt, this invention is one of the best achievements in Chinese chip research, showing that Chinese scientists are as creative as any in the world. 【导语】本文介绍了北京大学杨玉超教授团队研制的全球首款相变忆阻器神经动力学芯片，该芯片在脑建模任务中比英伟达A100 GPU快478倍。改编自2026年7月《科学》期刊论文。 41. What did the Peking University team create? A. A new GPU. B. A neuromorphic chip. C. A new type of wheel. D. A 3D printer. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第一段"They created the world's first neuromorphic chip"。故选B。 42. How much faster can the chip run brain modelling tasks compared to NVIDIA's A100 GPU? A. 50 times. B. 100 times. C. 478 times. D. 1,000 times. 【答案】C 【解析】根据第一段"can run certain brain modelling tasks up to 478 times faster than NVIDIA's A100 GPU"。故选C。 43. What problem does the new chip solve? A. It makes phones faster. B. It reduces the need to move data between processor and memory. C. It creates better 3D printers. D. It helps students study. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第二段"The new chip solves this problem by doing calculation and storage in the same place"，即减少了处理器和存储器之间的数据搬运。故选B。 44. How long did the new chip take to rebuild a 3D brain surface model? A. About 2 seconds. B. About 426 milliseconds. C. About 2 hours. D. About 5 minutes. 【答案】B 【解析】根据第三段"the new chip finished in just 426 milliseconds"。故选B。 45. What could the chip be useful for in the future? A. Making cars faster. B. Brain-computer interfaces and medical diagnosis. C. Building houses. D. Cooking food. 【答案】B 【解析】根据最后段"It could be very useful for brain-computer interfaces, medical diagnosis of brain diseases, and real-time brain modelling"。故选B。 第二节 阅读填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) Inventions have always played a central role in human progress. 46 Some inventions seem very simple, but they have changed the world in amazing ways. 47 For example, the wheel made transport faster and easier, and movable type printing helped spread knowledge quickly. Today, new inventions like 3D printers and brain-computer interfaces are solving problems that once seemed impossible. 48 A great invention does not have to be expensive or complicated. 49 Jia Mingxuan's irrigation device, made from simple metal tubes and recycled bottles, won an international award. 50 A. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the greatest inventions of all time. B. It just needs to solve a real problem and be practical. C. What makes a great invention? D. They make life more convenient, safer and healthier. E. Each great invention depends on the needs of its time. F. This shows that creativity is far more important than cost. 【答案】46. C 47. D 48. E 49. B 50. F 【导语】本文讨论了发明在人类进步中的核心作用，从简单发明如轮子到现代发明如3D打印和脑机接口，强调伟大发明需要解决实际问题且创意比成本更重要。 46. 前文提出发明在人类进步中的核心作用，C选项"什么使一个发明伟大？"引出下文的讨论。故选C。 47. 前文说有些发明看起来简单却改变了世界，D选项"它们使生活更方便、更安全、更健康"具体说明发明的好处。故选D。 48. 前文提到新发明在解决曾经看似不可能的问题，E选项"每一项伟大发明都依赖于其时代的需求"解释了发明与时代的关系。故选E。 49. 前文说伟大发明不一定昂贵或复杂，B选项"它只需要解决一个实际问题并实用"补充说明好发明的本质。故选B。 50. 前文提到贾明轩用简单材料制作的发明获国际奖，F选项"这表明创意远比成本更重要"作为总结。故选F。 五、语篇填词 (本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) Our city has a serious traffic jam problem, especially during rush hours. Many people spend a long time w 51 on the road every day. As a student interested in invention, I wanted to d 52 something to help solve this problem. After doing some research, I found that a lot of traffic jams are c 53 by too many private cars on the same roads at the same time. So I came up with an idea: a smart traffic management app. The purpose of this app is to a 54 traffic jams by guiding drivers to less busy roads. It uses real-time data to p 55 which roads will be crowded and suggests better routes. Although my app is still being developed, I believe that a good invention should start from a real problem in daily life. Without doubt, solving traffic problems will make our city more convenient and improve everyone's quality of life. 【答案】51. (w)aiting 52. (d)esign 53. (c)aused 54. (a)void 55. (p)redict 【导语】本文介绍了一位学生设计智能交通管理应用来解决城市交通拥堵问题的经历，贴合U4 traffic jam/avoid/purpose等词汇。 51. wait/waiting等待，每天在路上等待很长时间。 52. design设计，想要设计帮助解决问题的东西。 53. cause/caused造成，交通拥堵由太多私家车造成。 54. avoid避免，app的目的是避免交通拥堵。 55. predict预测，用实时数据预测哪些道路会拥挤。 六、语法填空 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Printing technology has developed greatly over 56 centuries. About 1,000 years ago, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in China. His invention was much 57 (convenient) than copying books by hand. Each clay character could 58 (move) and reused, which made printing faster and cheaper. Without 59 (doubtful), this was one of the greatest Chinese inventions. Later, printing technology 60 (improve) further. In the 15th century, Gutenberg invented the printing press in Europe. Today, we have 3D printers and digital printing. Although modern printers are not as 61 (cheaply) as Bi Sheng's clay types, they can produce far 62 (good) quality prints. A number of new printing 63 (technique) have been introduced, and they depend 64 digital technology to work. Printing has made a big difference to human history. 65 helped spread knowledge and ideas across the world. From clay types to digital designs, the story of printing shows that human creativity is the best invention of all. 【答案】56. the 57. more convenient 58. be moved 59. doubt 60. improved 61. cheap 62. better 63. techniques 64. on 65. It 【导语】本文介绍了从毕昇的活字印刷到现代3D打印和数字印刷——印刷术的历史演变，包括活字印刷的便利性、印刷术的改进和现代印刷技术。贴合U4 Section 4 Bi Sheng主题。 56. the centuries特指这些世纪，用定冠词the 57. 比较级more convenient，much修饰比较级 58. could后接动词原形be，被动语态be moved 59. 括号提示词变形，doubtful→名词doubt，without doubt固定短语毫无疑问 60. 一般过去时improved，进一步改进了 61. as cheap as同级比较，用原级cheap(非副词cheaply) 62. 比较级better，far修饰比较级，远比……更好的 63. a number of+复数名词techniques 64. depend on依赖，固定搭配 65. It指代上文Printing，代词It作主语 七、读写综合。(共15分) （A）项目情景。下面的材料A-F分别介绍了六种发明工具。请根据每位同学的需求选择最适合他们的发明工具。(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) (66) Alice wants to read many books but copying them by hand takes too much time. She needs a faster way to make copies. (67) Bob often gets lost when hiking in the mountains. He needs something to help him find the right direction. (68) Cindy has a paralysed leg after an accident. She wants a technology that can help her walk again. (69) David is an engineer. He needs to create a small metal part with a complex shape quickly for a new machine. (70) Emma lives in a dry area and wants to plant trees, but the young trees always die because of lack of water. A. Movable Type Printing — Bi Sheng's invention allows characters to be moved and reused, making book printing much faster and more convenient than hand-copying. B. The Compass — This ancient Chinese invention helps people find direction by pointing north. It is essential for navigation on land and at sea. C. Beinao-1 BCI System — This brain-computer interface reads brain signals and sends them to a stimulation device, helping paralysed patients regain movement and walk again. D. 3D Printer — This modern invention builds objects layer by layer from digital designs. It can create complex metal shapes quickly and with less waste. E. Passive Irrigation Device — Jia Mingxuan's invention uses metal tubes and temperature differences to condense moisture from the air, providing water for young trees in dry areas without electricity. F. The Steam Engine — James Watt's improved steam engine provided power for trains and factories, greatly improving transport and industry in the 19th century. 【答案】66. A 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. E 【导语】本文介绍了五位同学的不同需求以及六种发明工具的功能特点。 66. Alice抄书太慢，Movable Type Printing(A)使印刷比手工抄书更快更方便，匹配。 67. Bob登山时迷路，Compass(B)帮助找到正确方向，匹配。 68. Cindy瘫痪想重新行走，Beinao-1 BCI System(C)读取脑信号帮助瘫痪患者恢复运动，匹配。 69. David需快速制造复杂金属零件，3D Printer(D)可从数字设计快速制造复杂形状，匹配。 70. Emma在干旱地区种树但树木因缺水死亡，Passive Irrigation Device(E)利用温差凝结空气水分浇灌幼树，匹配。 (B)回答问题。请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) The wheel is probably the greatest invention of all time. Before it was invented, people had to travel on foot or carry heavy things on the backs of animals. This was the worst way to transport goods over long distances. The wheel was first used in Mesopotamia about 5,500 years ago. The earliest wheels were made of solid wood and were attached to carts for carrying goods. Later, people improved the design by adding spokes (辐条), making wheels lighter and stronger. Today, wheels are everywhere. Cars, bicycles, trains and even airplanes all depend on wheels. Factories use wheels in their machines, and wheels help produce many of the things we use every day. Without doubt, the wheel has changed the world more than almost any other invention. Although the wheel looks simple, it is not as fancy as modern technology like computers or smartphones. But without wheels, we could not transport the large amounts of materials needed to build these advanced things. The wheel is as important as fire and writing—it is the foundation of modern civilisation. 71. How did people transport goods before the wheel was invented? They had to travel on foot or carry heavy things on the backs of animals. 72. Where was the wheel first used? In Mesopotamia. 73. When was the wheel first used? About 5,500 years ago. 74. How did people improve the wheel design later? By adding spokes, making wheels lighter and stronger. 75. What does the writer compare the wheel to in importance? The writer says the wheel is as important as fire and writing. 八、书面表达。(共15分) 发明创造改变了世界。假如你是李华，你的学校科技社团正在征集"未来发明"创意方案。请根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文介绍你的发明创意，100词左右，可适当发挥。 提示： 1. 我的发明是一种智能交通管理系统； 2. 它的目的是避免城市交通拥堵； 3. 它比传统交通管理更好，因为它能实时预测路况； 4. 虽然开发成本较高，但我相信这项发明会让城市更方便。 参考词汇：traffic jam 交通拥堵；predict 预测；convenient 方便的 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My invention is a smart traffic management system. The purpose of this system is to avoid traffic jams in the city. It uses real-time data from cameras and sensors to predict which roads will be busy and guides drivers to better routes. This is much better than traditional traffic management because it can respond to changes quickly. Although the development cost is not as low as traditional methods, I believe this invention will make our city far more convenient than before. Without doubt, a great invention should solve a real problem, and my system does exactly that. In the future, I hope every city can use this technology to improve people's daily lives. 【总体分析】①题材：介绍未来发明创意的说明文；②时态：一般现在时+一般将来时；③提示：围绕智能交通系统的功能、优点和意义展开。 【写作步骤】第一步：介绍发明名称和目的；第二步：描述工作原理和优势；第三步：总结意义和展望。 【亮点词汇】①avoid traffic jams避免交通拥堵 ②real-time data实时数据 ③predict预测 ④without doubt毫无疑问 【高分句型】①The purpose of this system is to avoid traffic jams in the city.（不定式作表语）②Although the development cost is not as low as traditional methods, I believe this invention will make our city far more convenient.（although让步状语从句+not as...as同级比较）③Without doubt, a great invention should solve a real problem.（固定用法+情态动词） 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 4 Inventions ·能力提升 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：110分） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1. Of all the inventions in history, the wheel is probably ________. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 2. This new battery recycling technology is ________ than traditional methods. A. far better B. far good C. far best D. the farthest 3. AI is as important as the Internet, but computers will never be ________ smart as humans. A. so B. as C. too D. very 4. Without doubt, Bi Sheng's movable type printing was one of ________ Chinese inventions. A. great B. greater C. the greatest D. greatest 5. The brain-computer interface system has helped a paralysed patient walk again. This is ________ news. A. bad B. worse C. the worst D. the best 6. Large amounts of ________ are needed to build a crewed spacecraft. A. metal B. metals C. a metal D. the metal 7. ________ the 3D printer is expensive, it can produce objects much faster than traditional methods. A. Although B. Because C. If D. So 8. The new neuromorphic chip runs ________ faster than the traditional GPU in brain modelling tasks. A. 478 time B. 478 times C. 478th time D. 478 times' 9. The purpose of this invention is ________ traffic jams in the city. A. avoid B. avoiding C. to avoid D. avoided 10. The wheel, which was invented about 5,500 years ago, has made a great ________ to human life. A. benefit B. different C. difference D. distance 二、完形填空。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 In 2025, a 30-year-old man named Zhiping had been paralysed for five years after a car accident. His lower body had no 11 at all. Doctors told him that his spinal cord injury was complete and the damage was 12 . He could not walk, and he needed someone to help him with everything. However, a new invention called the Beinao-1 brain-computer interface (BCI) system gave him hope. In May 2025, doctors at Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing 13 the BCI system and a spinal cord stimulation device into his body at the same time. This was the world's first such combined 14 . The system works by reading the patient's brain signals when he thinks about moving his legs, and then sending these 15 to the spinal cord stimulation device. After one year of 16 , Zhiping could lift his legs and walk with the help of special braces and crutches. His condition improved from a complete injury to an incomplete one. This 17 the long-held medical belief that chronic spinal cord injuries are irreversible. The Beinao-1 system uses a thin, 18 electrode that is placed on the outer surface of the brain's protective layer. It does not 19 brain tissue. Nearly 30 human implantations have been completed, and the system has run safely for over 65,000 hours. Without doubt, this invention has made one of the 20 differences in medical history, giving paralysed patients a chance to walk again. 11. A. feeling B. movement C. sight D. hearing 12. A. reversible B. personal C. permanent D. central 13. A. attached B. pressed C. introduced D. implanted 14. A. operation B. decision C. technique D. path 15. A. signals B. designs C. distances D. types 16. A. resting B. training C. doubting D. pulling 17. A. avoided B. produced C. challenged D. noticed 18. A. heavy B. hard C. soft D. big 19. A. damage B. improve C. create D. design 20. A. greatest B. greater C. great D. more great 三、语法选择 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) From movable type printing to modern 3D printers, printing technology has come a long way. Bi Sheng invented movable type printing around 1040 AD. His invention was 21 convenient than copying books by hand. Each character could 22 moved and reused, which made printing much 23 . Today, 3D printing is one of 24 exciting new technologies. A 3D printer can produce objects layer by layer from a digital design. Although a 3D printer is not 25 cheap as a traditional printer, it can create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot. The 3D printer is as 26 in modern manufacturing as the steam engine was in the 19th century. Large number of 27 are used in 3D printing, including plastic, metal and even food materials. A number of industries depend 28 this technology to improve their production. Without 29 , printing technology has made one of 30 differences in human history, from Bi Sheng's clay types to today's digital designs. 21. A. more B. most C. the most D. much 22. A. is B. be C. was D. been 23. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 24. A. a B. an C. the D. / 25. A. so B. as C. too D. very 26. A. important B. more important C. the most important D. importantly 27. A. material B. materials C. a material D. the material 28. A. in B. on C. at D. for 29. A. question B. problem C. doubt D. difficulty 30. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 四、阅读（共两节，共35分） 第一节 阅读理解。(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) A Invention Time Inventor/Country Application Impact Level Category Paper ~105 AD Cai Lun / China Writing & Records ★★★★★ Chinese Ancient Compass ~1040 AD Unknown / China Navigation ★★★★☆ Chinese Ancient Movable Type ~1040 AD Bi Sheng / China Printing ★★★★☆ Chinese Ancient Steam Engine 1769 James Watt / UK Power & Industry ★★★★★ Western Modern Telephone 1876 A. Bell / USA Communication ★★★★☆ Western Modern 3D Printer 1986 Chuck Hull / USA Manufacturing ★★★☆☆ Western Modern Beinao-1 BCI 2025 CIBR / China Medical Recovery ★★★★★ Chinese Modern 31. Which invention is the most recent one in the table? A. 3D Printer. B. Telephone. C. Beinao-1 BCI. D. Steam Engine. 32. How many Chinese ancient inventions are listed? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 33. Which invention has the highest impact level? A. Compass. B. Telephone. C. 3D Printer. D. Paper. 34. What is the main application of the Beinao-1 BCI? A. Navigation. B. Manufacturing. C. Medical Recovery. D. Communication. 35. Which western modern invention is mainly used for communication? A. Steam Engine. B. Telephone. C. 3D Printer. D. Beinao-1 BCI. B 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is changing the way we make things. Unlike traditional manufacturing that cuts or moulds materials into shapes, a 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from a digital design. This technique makes it possible to create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot produce. A 3D printer works by heating material—usually plastic or metal—and pressing it through a small nozzle. The printer follows a digital design and adds material one layer at a time. Large amounts of materials can be saved because 3D printing only uses what is needed. This is much better than traditional methods that often waste a lot of material. 3D printing is becoming more and more popular in many fields. In medicine, 3D printers can create custom prosthetics (假肢) that fit each patient perfectly. In construction, some companies are using large 3D printers to build houses in just a few days. In education, students can design and print their own models, which helps them understand invention and design better. Although 3D printers are not as cheap as regular printers yet, they are improving quickly. Some experts predict that every home will have a 3D printer in the future, just as most homes have a regular printer today. Without doubt, 3D printing is one of the best new technologies for manufacturing, and its benefits are far greater than we can imagine. 36. How does a 3D printer build objects? A. By cutting materials. B. By moulding materials. C. By adding material layer by layer. D. By pressing materials into shapes. 37. What materials can a 3D printer use? A. Only plastic. B. Only metal. C. Plastic and metal. D. Only paper. 38. Why is 3D printing better than traditional manufacturing in saving material? A. It uses cheaper materials. B. It only uses what is needed. C. It produces more objects. D. It works faster. 39. What can 3D printers create in medicine? A. Regular books. B. Custom prosthetics. C. Houses. D. Cars. 40. What do experts predict about the future of 3D printing? A. No one will use it. B. Only factories will have 3D printers. C. Every home will have a 3D printer. D. 3D printers will replace all machines. C In July 2026, a team from Peking University made an amazing breakthrough. They created the world's first neuromorphic chip based on phase-change memristors. This tiny chip, only 0.28 square millimetres in size, can run certain brain modelling tasks up to 478 times faster than NVIDIA's A100 GPU. The chip was developed by Professor Yang Yuchao's team. It uses a special type of memory device called a phase-change memristor. Traditional computer chips have a problem: they need to move data between the processor and memory many times, which wastes time and energy. The new chip solves this problem by doing calculation and storage in the same place—a method called "compute-in-memory". In one important test, the chip was asked to rebuild a 3D model of the brain's surface. NVIDIA's A100 GPU needed about 2 seconds to do this, but the new chip finished in just 426 milliseconds. That is far faster than any previous technology. The chip also uses much less energy—completing a full brain surface rebuild uses about one-thousandth of the energy needed to charge a phone. Although the chip cannot replace GPUs for all tasks, it is specifically designed for brain-related calculations. It could be very useful for brain-computer interfaces, medical diagnosis of brain diseases, and real-time brain modelling during surgery. Without doubt, this invention is one of the best achievements in Chinese chip research, showing that Chinese scientists are as creative as any in the world. 41. What did the Peking University team create? A. A new GPU. B. A neuromorphic chip. C. A new type of wheel. D. A 3D printer. 42. How much faster can the chip run brain modelling tasks compared to NVIDIA's A100 GPU? A. 50 times. B. 100 times. C. 478 times. D. 1,000 times. 43. What problem does the new chip solve? A. It makes phones faster. B. It reduces the need to move data between processor and memory. C. It creates better 3D printers. D. It helps students study. 44. How long did the new chip take to rebuild a 3D brain surface model? A. About 2 seconds. B. About 426 milliseconds. C. About 2 hours. D. About 5 minutes. 45. What could the chip be useful for in the future? A. Making cars faster. B. Brain-computer interfaces and medical diagnosis. C. Building houses. D. Cooking food. 第二节 阅读填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) Inventions have always played a central role in human progress. 46 Some inventions seem very simple, but they have changed the world in amazing ways. 47 For example, the wheel made transport faster and easier, and movable type printing helped spread knowledge quickly. Today, new inventions like 3D printers and brain-computer interfaces are solving problems that once seemed impossible. 48 A great invention does not have to be expensive or complicated. 49 Jia Mingxuan's irrigation device, made from simple metal tubes and recycled bottles, won an international award. 50 A. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the greatest inventions of all time. B. It just needs to solve a real problem and be practical. C. What makes a great invention? D. They make life more convenient, safer and healthier. E. Each great invention depends on the needs of its time. F. This shows that creativity is far more important than cost. 五、语篇填词 (本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) Our city has a serious traffic jam problem, especially during rush hours. Many people spend a long time w 51 on the road every day. As a student interested in invention, I wanted to d 52 something to help solve this problem. After doing some research, I found that a lot of traffic jams are c 53 by too many private cars on the same roads at the same time. So I came up with an idea: a smart traffic management app. The purpose of this app is to a 54 traffic jams by guiding drivers to less busy roads. It uses real-time data to p 55 which roads will be crowded and suggests better routes. Although my app is still being developed, I believe that a good invention should start from a real problem in daily life. Without doubt, solving traffic problems will make our city more convenient and improve everyone's quality of life. 六、语法填空 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Printing technology has developed greatly over 56 centuries. About 1,000 years ago, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in China. His invention was much 57 (convenient) than copying books by hand. Each clay character could 58 (move) and reused, which made printing faster and cheaper. Without 59 (doubtful), this was one of the greatest Chinese inventions. Later, printing technology 60 (improve) further. In the 15th century, Gutenberg invented the printing press in Europe. Today, we have 3D printers and digital printing. Although modern printers are not as 61 (cheaply) as Bi Sheng's clay types, they can produce far 62 (good) quality prints. A number of new printing 63 (technique) have been introduced, and they depend 64 digital technology to work. Printing has made a big difference to human history. 65 helped spread knowledge and ideas across the world. From clay types to digital designs, the story of printing shows that human creativity is the best invention of all. 七、读写综合。(共15分) （A）项目情景。下面的材料A-F分别介绍了六种发明工具。请根据每位同学的需求选择最适合他们的发明工具。(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 66 Alice wants to read many books but copying them by hand takes too much time. She needs a faster way to make copies. 67 Bob often gets lost when hiking in the mountains. He needs something to help him find the right direction. 68 Cindy has a paralysed leg after an accident. She wants a technology that can help her walk again. 69 David is an engineer. He needs to create a small metal part with a complex shape quickly for a new machine. 70 Emma lives in a dry area and wants to plant trees, but the young trees always die because of lack of water. A. Movable Type Printing — Bi Sheng's invention allows characters to be moved and reused, making book printing much faster and more convenient than hand-copying. B. The Compass — This ancient Chinese invention helps people find direction by pointing north. It is essential for navigation on land and at sea. C. Beinao-1 BCI System — This brain-computer interface reads brain signals and sends them to a stimulation device, helping paralysed patients regain movement and walk again. D. 3D Printer — This modern invention builds objects layer by layer from digital designs. It can create complex metal shapes quickly and with less waste. E. Passive Irrigation Device — Jia Mingxuan's invention uses metal tubes and temperature differences to condense moisture from the air, providing water for young trees in dry areas without electricity. F. The Steam Engine — James Watt's improved steam engine provided power for trains and factories, greatly improving transport and industry in the 19th century. (B)回答问题。请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) The wheel is probably the greatest invention of all time. Before it was invented, people had to travel on foot or carry heavy things on the backs of animals. This was the worst way to transport goods over long distances. The wheel was first used in Mesopotamia about 5,500 years ago. The earliest wheels were made of solid wood and were attached to carts for carrying goods. Later, people improved the design by adding spokes (辐条), making wheels lighter and stronger. Today, wheels are everywhere. Cars, bicycles, trains and even airplanes all depend on wheels. Factories use wheels in their machines, and wheels help produce many of the things we use every day. Without doubt, the wheel has changed the world more than almost any other invention. Although the wheel looks simple, it is not as fancy as modern technology like computers or smartphones. But without wheels, we could not transport the large amounts of materials needed to build these advanced things. The wheel is as important as fire and writing—it is the foundation of modern civilisation. 71. How did people transport goods before the wheel was invented? __________________________________________________________________________ 72. Where was the wheel first used? __________________________________________________________________________ 73. When was the wheel first used? __________________________________________________________________________ 74. How did people improve the wheel design later? __________________________________________________________________________ 75. What does the writer compare the wheel to in importance? __________________________________________________________________________ 八、书面表达。(共15分) 发明创造改变了世界。假如你是李华，你的学校科技社团正在征集"未来发明"创意方案。请根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文介绍你的发明创意，100词左右，可适当发挥。 提示： 1. 我的发明是一种智能交通管理系统； 2. 它的目的是避免城市交通拥堵； 3. 它比传统交通管理更好，因为它能实时预测路况； 4. 虽然开发成本较高，但我相信这项发明会让城市更方便。 参考词汇：traffic jam 交通拥堵；predict 预测；convenient 方便的 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 4 Inventions ·提升卷（参考答案） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. B 9. C 10. C 二、完形填空。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 11. B 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. B 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. A 三、语法选择(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21. A 22. B 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. A 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. C 四、阅读（共两节，共35分） 第一节 阅读理解。(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) (A)31-35 CCDCB (B)41-45 CCBBC (C)46-50 BCBBB 第二节 阅读填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 46. C 47. D 48. E 49. B 50. F 五、语篇填词 (本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 51. (w)aiting 52. (d)esign 53. (c)aused 54. (a)void 55. (p)redict 六、语法填空 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 56. the 57. more convenient 58. be moved 59. doubt 60. improved 61. cheap 62. better 63. techniques 64. on 65. It 七、读写综合(本大题共15分) 匹配: 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. D 70. E 71. How did people transport goods before the wheel was invented? They had to travel on foot or carry heavy things on the backs of animals. 72. Where was the wheel first used? In Mesopotamia. 73. When was the wheel first used? About 5,500 years ago. 74. How did people improve the wheel design later? By adding spokes, making wheels lighter and stronger. 75. What does the writer compare the wheel to in importance? The writer says the wheel is as important as fire and writing. 八、书面表达。(共15分) My invention is a smart traffic management system. The purpose of this system is to avoid traffic jams in the city. It uses real-time data from cameras and sensors to predict which roads will be busy and guides drivers to better routes. This is much better than traditional traffic management because it can respond to changes quickly. Although the development cost is not as low as traditional methods, I believe this invention will make our city far more convenient than before. Without doubt, a great invention should solve a real problem, and my system does exactly that. In the future, I hope every city can use this technology to improve people's daily lives. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026-2027学年八年级上册英语单元自测 Unit 4 Inventions ·能力提升 学校:___________班级：___________姓名：___________分数：___________ （时间：90分钟，满分：110分） 一、单项选择。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 1. Of all the inventions in history, the wheel is probably ________. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 2. This new battery recycling technology is ________ than traditional methods. A. far better B. far good C. far best D. the farthest 3. AI is as important as the Internet, but computers will never be ________ smart as humans. A. so B. as C. too D. very 4. Without doubt, Bi Sheng's movable type printing was one of ________ Chinese inventions. A. great B. greater C. the greatest D. greatest 5. The brain-computer interface system has helped a paralysed patient walk again. This is ________ news. A. bad B. worse C. the worst D. the best 6. Large amounts of ________ are needed to build a crewed spacecraft. A. metal B. metals C. a metal D. the metal 7. ________ the 3D printer is expensive, it can produce objects much faster than traditional methods. A. Although B. Because C. If D. So 8. The new neuromorphic chip runs ________ faster than the traditional GPU in brain modelling tasks. A. 478 time B. 478 times C. 478th time D. 478 times' 9. The purpose of this invention is ________ traffic jams in the city. A. avoid B. avoiding C. to avoid D. avoided 10. The wheel, which was invented about 5,500 years ago, has made a great ________ to human life. A. benefit B. different C. difference D. distance 二、完形填空。(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出一个最佳选项。 In 2025, a 30-year-old man named Zhiping had been paralysed for five years after a car accident. His lower body had no 11 at all. Doctors told him that his spinal cord injury was complete and the damage was 12 . He could not walk, and he needed someone to help him with everything. However, a new invention called the Beinao-1 brain-computer interface (BCI) system gave him hope. In May 2025, doctors at Xuanwu Hospital in Beijing 13 the BCI system and a spinal cord stimulation device into his body at the same time. This was the world's first such combined 14 . The system works by reading the patient's brain signals when he thinks about moving his legs, and then sending these 15 to the spinal cord stimulation device. After one year of 16 , Zhiping could lift his legs and walk with the help of special braces and crutches. His condition improved from a complete injury to an incomplete one. This 17 the long-held medical belief that chronic spinal cord injuries are irreversible. The Beinao-1 system uses a thin, 18 electrode that is placed on the outer surface of the brain's protective layer. It does not 19 brain tissue. Nearly 30 human implantations have been completed, and the system has run safely for over 65,000 hours. Without doubt, this invention has made one of the 20 differences in medical history, giving paralysed patients a chance to walk again. 11. A. feeling B. movement C. sight D. hearing 12. A. reversible B. personal C. permanent D. central 13. A. attached B. pressed C. introduced D. implanted 14. A. operation B. decision C. technique D. path 15. A. signals B. designs C. distances D. types 16. A. resting B. training C. doubting D. pulling 17. A. avoided B. produced C. challenged D. noticed 18. A. heavy B. hard C. soft D. big 19. A. damage B. improve C. create D. design 20. A. greatest B. greater C. great D. more great 三、语法选择 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) From movable type printing to modern 3D printers, printing technology has come a long way. Bi Sheng invented movable type printing around 1040 AD. His invention was 21 convenient than copying books by hand. Each character could 22 moved and reused, which made printing much 23 . Today, 3D printing is one of 24 exciting new technologies. A 3D printer can produce objects layer by layer from a digital design. Although a 3D printer is not 25 cheap as a traditional printer, it can create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot. The 3D printer is as 26 in modern manufacturing as the steam engine was in the 19th century. Large number of 27 are used in 3D printing, including plastic, metal and even food materials. A number of industries depend 28 this technology to improve their production. Without 29 , printing technology has made one of 30 differences in human history, from Bi Sheng's clay types to today's digital designs. 21. A. more B. most C. the most D. much 22. A. is B. be C. was D. been 23. A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. the fastest 24. A. a B. an C. the D. / 25. A. so B. as C. too D. very 26. A. important B. more important C. the most important D. importantly 27. A. material B. materials C. a material D. the material 28. A. in B. on C. at D. for 29. A. question B. problem C. doubt D. difficulty 30. A. good B. better C. the best D. best 四、阅读（共两节，共35分） 第一节 阅读理解。(本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分) A Invention Time Inventor/Country Application Impact Level Category Paper ~105 AD Cai Lun / China Writing & Records ★★★★★ Chinese Ancient Compass ~1040 AD Unknown / China Navigation ★★★★☆ Chinese Ancient Movable Type ~1040 AD Bi Sheng / China Printing ★★★★☆ Chinese Ancient Steam Engine 1769 James Watt / UK Power & Industry ★★★★★ Western Modern Telephone 1876 A. Bell / USA Communication ★★★★☆ Western Modern 3D Printer 1986 Chuck Hull / USA Manufacturing ★★★☆☆ Western Modern Beinao-1 BCI 2025 CIBR / China Medical Recovery ★★★★★ Chinese Modern 31. Which invention is the most recent one in the table? A. 3D Printer. B. Telephone. C. Beinao-1 BCI. D. Steam Engine. 32. How many Chinese ancient inventions are listed? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 33. Which invention has the highest impact level? A. Compass. B. Telephone. C. 3D Printer. D. Paper. 34. What is the main application of the Beinao-1 BCI? A. Navigation. B. Manufacturing. C. Medical Recovery. D. Communication. 35. Which western modern invention is mainly used for communication? A. Steam Engine. B. Telephone. C. 3D Printer. D. Beinao-1 BCI. B 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is changing the way we make things. Unlike traditional manufacturing that cuts or moulds materials into shapes, a 3D printer builds objects layer by layer from a digital design. This technique makes it possible to create complex shapes that traditional methods cannot produce. A 3D printer works by heating material—usually plastic or metal—and pressing it through a small nozzle. The printer follows a digital design and adds material one layer at a time. Large amounts of materials can be saved because 3D printing only uses what is needed. This is much better than traditional methods that often waste a lot of material. 3D printing is becoming more and more popular in many fields. In medicine, 3D printers can create custom prosthetics (假肢) that fit each patient perfectly. In construction, some companies are using large 3D printers to build houses in just a few days. In education, students can design and print their own models, which helps them understand invention and design better. Although 3D printers are not as cheap as regular printers yet, they are improving quickly. Some experts predict that every home will have a 3D printer in the future, just as most homes have a regular printer today. Without doubt, 3D printing is one of the best new technologies for manufacturing, and its benefits are far greater than we can imagine. 36. How does a 3D printer build objects? A. By cutting materials. B. By moulding materials. C. By adding material layer by layer. D. By pressing materials into shapes. 37. What materials can a 3D printer use? A. Only plastic. B. Only metal. C. Plastic and metal. D. Only paper. 38. Why is 3D printing better than traditional manufacturing in saving material? A. It uses cheaper materials. B. It only uses what is needed. C. It produces more objects. D. It works faster. 39. What can 3D printers create in medicine? A. Regular books. B. Custom prosthetics. C. Houses. D. Cars. 40. What do experts predict about the future of 3D printing? A. No one will use it. B. Only factories will have 3D printers. C. Every home will have a 3D printer. D. 3D printers will replace all machines. C In July 2026, a team from Peking University made an amazing breakthrough. They created the world's first neuromorphic chip based on phase-change memristors. This tiny chip, only 0.28 square millimetres in size, can run certain brain modelling tasks up to 478 times faster than NVIDIA's A100 GPU. The chip was developed by Professor Yang Yuchao's team. It uses a special type of memory device called a phase-change memristor. Traditional computer chips have a problem: they need to move data between the processor and memory many times, which wastes time and energy. The new chip solves this problem by doing calculation and storage in the same place—a method called "compute-in-memory". In one important test, the chip was asked to rebuild a 3D model of the brain's surface. NVIDIA's A100 GPU needed about 2 seconds to do this, but the new chip finished in just 426 milliseconds. That is far faster than any previous technology. The chip also uses much less energy—completing a full brain surface rebuild uses about one-thousandth of the energy needed to charge a phone. Although the chip cannot replace GPUs for all tasks, it is specifically designed for brain-related calculations. It could be very useful for brain-computer interfaces, medical diagnosis of brain diseases, and real-time brain modelling during surgery. Without doubt, this invention is one of the best achievements in Chinese chip research, showing that Chinese scientists are as creative as any in the world. 41. What did the Peking University team create? A. A new GPU. B. A neuromorphic chip. C. A new type of wheel. D. A 3D printer. 42. How much faster can the chip run brain modelling tasks compared to NVIDIA's A100 GPU? A. 50 times. B. 100 times. C. 478 times. D. 1,000 times. 43. What problem does the new chip solve? A. It makes phones faster. B. It reduces the need to move data between processor and memory. C. It creates better 3D printers. D. It helps students study. 44. How long did the new chip take to rebuild a 3D brain surface model? A. About 2 seconds. B. About 426 milliseconds. C. About 2 hours. D. About 5 minutes. 45. What could the chip be useful for in the future? A. Making cars faster. B. Brain-computer interfaces and medical diagnosis. C. Building houses. D. Cooking food. 第二节 阅读填空(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) Inventions have always played a central role in human progress. 46 Some inventions seem very simple, but they have changed the world in amazing ways. 47 For example, the wheel made transport faster and easier, and movable type printing helped spread knowledge quickly. Today, new inventions like 3D printers and brain-computer interfaces are solving problems that once seemed impossible. 48 A great invention does not have to be expensive or complicated. 49 Jia Mingxuan's irrigation device, made from simple metal tubes and recycled bottles, won an international award. 50 A. Without doubt, the wheel is one of the greatest inventions of all time. B. It just needs to solve a real problem and be practical. C. What makes a great invention? D. They make life more convenient, safer and healthier. E. Each great invention depends on the needs of its time. F. This shows that creativity is far more important than cost. 五、语篇填词 (本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) Our city has a serious traffic jam problem, especially during rush hours. Many people spend a long time w 51 on the road every day. As a student interested in invention, I wanted to d 52 something to help solve this problem. After doing some research, I found that a lot of traffic jams are c 53 by too many private cars on the same roads at the same time. So I came up with an idea: a smart traffic management app. The purpose of this app is to a 54 traffic jams by guiding drivers to less busy roads. It uses real-time data to p 55 which roads will be crowded and suggests better routes. Although my app is still being developed, I believe that a good invention should start from a real problem in daily life. Without doubt, solving traffic problems will make our city more convenient and improve everyone's quality of life. 六、语法填空 (本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Printing technology has developed greatly over 56 centuries. About 1,000 years ago, Bi Sheng invented movable type printing in China. His invention was much 57 (convenient) than copying books by hand. Each clay character could 58 (move) and reused, which made printing faster and cheaper. Without 59 (doubtful), this was one of the greatest Chinese inventions. Later, printing technology 60 (improve) further. In the 15th century, Gutenberg invented the printing press in Europe. Today, we have 3D printers and digital printing. Although modern printers are not as 61 (cheaply) as Bi Sheng's clay types, they can produce far 62 (good) quality prints. A number of new printing 63 (technique) have been introduced, and they depend 64 digital technology to work. Printing has made a big difference to human history. 65 helped spread knowledge and ideas across the world. From clay types to digital designs, the story of printing shows that human creativity is the best invention of all. 七、读写综合。(共15分) （A）项目情景。下面的材料A-F分别介绍了六种发明工具。请根据每位同学的需求选择最适合他们的发明工具。(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分) 66 Alice wants to read many books but copying them by hand takes too much time. She needs a faster way to make copies. 67 Bob often gets lost when hiking in the mountains. He needs something to help him find the right direction. 68 Cindy has a paralysed leg after an accident. She wants a technology that can help her walk again. 69 David is an engineer. He needs to create a small metal part with a complex shape quickly for a new machine. 70 Emma lives in a dry area and wants to plant trees, but the young trees always die because of lack of water. A. Movable Type Printing — Bi Sheng's invention allows characters to be moved and reused, making book printing much faster and more convenient than hand-copying. B. The Compass — This ancient Chinese invention helps people find direction by pointing north. It is essential for navigation on land and at sea. C. Beinao-1 BCI System — This brain-computer interface reads brain signals and sends them to a stimulation device, helping paralysed patients regain movement and walk again. D. 3D Printer — This modern invention builds objects layer by layer from digital designs. It can create complex metal shapes quickly and with less waste. E. Passive Irrigation Device — Jia Mingxuan's invention uses metal tubes and temperature differences to condense moisture from the air, providing water for young trees in dry areas without electricity. F. The Steam Engine — James Watt's improved steam engine provided power for trains and factories, greatly improving transport and industry in the 19th century. (B)回答问题。请阅读下面这篇文章，根据所提供的信息，回答5个问题。要求所写答案语法正确、语义完整切题。(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分) The wheel is probably the greatest invention of all time. Before it was invented, people had to travel on foot or carry heavy things on the backs of animals. This was the worst way to transport goods over long distances. The wheel was first used in Mesopotamia about 5,500 years ago. The earliest wheels were made of solid wood and were attached to carts for carrying goods. Later, people improved the design by adding spokes (辐条), making wheels lighter and stronger. Today, wheels are everywhere. Cars, bicycles, trains and even airplanes all depend on wheels. Factories use wheels in their machines, and wheels help produce many of the things we use every day. Without doubt, the wheel has changed the world more than almost any other invention. Although the wheel looks simple, it is not as fancy as modern technology like computers or smartphones. But without wheels, we could not transport the large amounts of materials needed to build these advanced things. The wheel is as important as fire and writing—it is the foundation of modern civilisation. 71. How did people transport goods before the wheel was invented? __________________________________________________________________________ 72. Where was the wheel first used? __________________________________________________________________________ 73. When was the wheel first used? __________________________________________________________________________ 74. How did people improve the wheel design later? __________________________________________________________________________ 75. What does the writer compare the wheel to in importance? __________________________________________________________________________ 八、书面表达。(共15分) 发明创造改变了世界。假如你是李华，你的学校科技社团正在征集"未来发明"创意方案。请根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文介绍你的发明创意，100词左右，可适当发挥。 提示：1. 我的发明是一种智能交通管理系统； 2. 它的目的是避免城市交通拥堵； 3. 它比传统交通管理更好，因为它能实时预测路况； 4. 虽然开发成本较高，但我相信这项发明会让城市更方便。 参考词汇：traffic jam 交通拥堵；predict 预测；convenient 方便的 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $