Unit7ReadingMarkTwain讲义2026-2027学年沪教版英语九年级上册

本讲义聚焦“阅读马克·吐温”主题，围绕《汤姆·索亚历险记》选段“Tom Sawyer paints the fence”与马克·吐温生平语篇，系统梳理核心词汇（19个单词及词性转换）、短语（如pick up, make fun of）及定语从句（who/that/which）语法点，构建从词汇基础（拼写、词性转换）到语篇理解（课文精读、文化语篇）再到语法运用（选择、合并句子）的递进式学习支架。 资料以分板块分层练习为特色，基础巩固（单词拼写、短语填空）、能力提升（英文释义配对、翻译句子）、综合运用（语篇选词、补全对话）层层递进，助力语言能力培养。文化语篇渗透马克·吐温生平与作品，涵养文化意识，语法结合课文原句仿写，提升思维品质。课中辅助教师分层教学，课后通过综合练习与易错点提醒，帮助学生查漏补缺，强化学习效果。

沪教牛津版九年级英语上册 Unit 7 Reading Mark Twain 讲义 （2026 新版教材 · 含分板块分层练习与单元综合练习） 一、单元概述 ■ 单元主题：Reading Mark Twain（阅读马克·吐温）——通过名著《汤姆·索亚历险记》选段"Tom Sawyer paints the fence"与马克·吐温生平短文，欣赏马克·吐温幽默的写作风格，体会阅读经典的乐趣。 ■ Reading 语篇：Tom Sawyer paints the fence（汤姆·索亚刷栅栏） ■ Focus on culture：Mark Twain（马克·吐温） ■ 核心语法：定语从句（Relative clauses — who / that / which） ■ 学习目标：① 掌握本单元核心词汇及词性转换；② 理解并正确运用 who/that/which 引导的定语从句（含关系代词作宾语时的省略与只用 that 的场合）；③ 能读懂名著选段与人物传记，把握故事情节与人物性格；④ 了解马克·吐温的生平与作品，激发阅读英文经典的兴趣。 二、核心词汇 （一）单词表 序号 单词 音标 词性 中文释义 1 associate /ə'səʊʃieɪt/ v. 联系 2 humour /'hjuːmə(r)/ n. 幽默；幽默感 3 fence /fens/ n. 栅栏；篱笆 4 sink /sɪŋk/ v. 下沉；下陷 5 yard /jɑːd/ n. 码（长度单位） 6 survey /sə'veɪ/ v. 查看；审视 7 aloud /ə'laʊd/ adv. 大声地 8 pity /'pɪti/ n. 遗憾；可惜 9 gentleman /'dʒentlmən/ n. 彬彬有礼的人；有教养的人 10 concern /kən'sɜːn/ n. 担心；忧虑 11 sort /sɔːt/ n. 种类；类别 12 spring /sprɪŋ/ n. 活力；朝气 13 bet /bet/ n. 打赌 14 afterwards /'ɑːftəwədz/ adv. 后来 15 brief /briːf/ adj. 简洁的；简单的 16 journalist /'dʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻记者 17 pilot /'paɪlət/ n. 领航员；引水员 18 failure /'feɪljə(r)/ n. 失败 19 regard /rɪ'ɡɑːd/ v. 把……视为；看待 【词汇练习一】根据中文提示写出英文单词（基础巩固） 题型：单词拼写｜考查：本单元单词表全部核心词汇记忆｜难度：★ 要求：根据中文提示，写出单词表中的全部 19 个单词（第 1~10 个写在左栏，第 11~19 个写在右栏）。 第 1~10 个单词 第 11~19 个单词 1. 联系　________________ 11. 种类；类别　________________ 2. 幽默；幽默感　________________ 12. 活力；朝气　________________ 3. 栅栏；篱笆　________________ 13. 打赌　________________ 4. 下沉；下陷　________________ 14. 后来　________________ 5. 码（长度单位）　________________ 15. 简洁的；简单的　________________ 6. 查看；审视　________________ 16. 新闻记者　________________ 7. 大声地　________________ 17. 领航员；引水员　________________ 8. 遗憾；可惜　________________ 18. 失败　________________ 9. 彬彬有礼的人；有教养的人　________________ 19. 把……视为；看待　________________ 10. 担心；忧虑　________________ （二）重点词性转换 原词 派生词 humour (n. 幽默) humorous (adj. 幽默的) sink (v. 下沉) sank (过去式) → sunk (过去分词) concern (n. 担心) concerned (adj. 担心的) → concerning (prep. 关于) fail (v. 失败) failure (n. 失败) regard (v. 视为) regarding (prep. 关于) journal (n. 期刊) journalist (n. 记者) → journalism (n. 新闻业) brief (adj. 简洁的) briefly (adv. 简洁地) fortunate (adj. 幸运的) fortune (n. 财富；运气) → unfortunately (adv. 不幸地) associate (v. 联系) association (n. 协会；关联) gentle (adj. 温和的) gentleman (n. 绅士) → gentlemen (复数) survey (v. 查看) surveyor (n. 测量员) after (prep. 在……之后) afterwards (adv. 后来) 【词汇练习二】用所给词的适当形式填空（基础巩固） 题型：词性转换｜考查：核心词汇的派生形式｜难度：★ 1. Mark Twain was famous for his sense of ________ (humorous). 2. His jokes made us all laugh. He is a ________ (humour) writer. 3. The ship ________ (sink) to the bottom of the sea in the storm. 4. She is always ________ (concern) about her son's health. 5. He failed again, but he didn't give up after the ________ (fail). 6. Lincoln is ________ (regard) as one of the greatest presidents. 7. Many ________ (journal) were sent to cover the event. 8. To tell it ________ (brief), we only have two choices. 9. He made a big ________ (fortunate) by selling houses. 10. A ________ (gentle) opened the door for the lady. 【词汇练习三】单词释义搭配（从 A~J 中选出与各词义相符的单词）（能力提升） 题型：英文释义配对｜考查：核心词汇理解｜难度：★★ 词库：A. humour B. fence C. survey D. aloud E. pity F. concern G. sort H. brief I. journalist J. failure 1. ________ a wooden wall built around a garden 2. ________ the ability to see and enjoy funny things 3. ________ to look at something carefully 4. ________ in a voice that other people can hear 5. ________ a feeling of sadness that something is not good enough 6. ________ a feeling of worry about something 7. ________ a kind or type of something 8. ________ short and lasting only a short time 9. ________ a person whose job is to write for newspapers 10. ________ a lack of success in doing something 【词汇练习四】语篇选词填空（从方框中选词，每词限用一次）（综合运用） 题型：语篇选词｜考查：词汇在语境中的综合运用｜难度：★★★ journalist humour fortune failure fence survey pity gentleman sort aloud Mark Twain was a famous American writer. When he was young, he worked as a 1.________ at a newspaper. Later he went west to search for gold because he dreamt of making a 2.________, but his plan ended in 3.________. He then returned to writing. Twain was best known for his 4.________. Here is one of his funny stories. One morning, Twain was walking along a wooden 5.________ around his friend's garden. He stopped to 6.________ the flowers. "What a 7.________! These roses will die next week," said a 8.________ beside him. "Every 9.________ of flower dies, but beauty never does," Twain said 10.________. The gentleman was surprised by his words and asked, "Are you Mr Twain himself?" 三、重点短语 短语 释义 pick up 捡起；重新开始 carry on with sth. 继续做某事；坚持干 be particular about 讲究；挑剔 make fun of 取笑；嘲弄 get tired 变得疲倦 with a spring in one's step 迈着轻快的步伐 make a fortune 发财；赚大钱 pay ... back （向某人）还钱 be regarded as 被视为 end up in/as 最后成为；结果 first-person point of view 第一人称视角 public speaker 发言人；演讲者 【短语练习一】用适当的短语填空（每个短语限用一次）（基础巩固） 题型：短语填空｜考查：核心短语记忆与运用｜难度：★ 词库：pick up, carry on with, be particular about, make fun of, get tired, with a spring in his step, make a fortune, pay ... back, be regarded as, end up in 1. My mother ________ the broken bowl and put it in the bin. 2. Although the work was difficult, he ________ it. 3. She ________ her clothes, so she never wears cheap dresses. 4. Don't ________ the students who make mistakes. 5. After running for two hours, the dog ________. 6. After hearing the good news, he left ________. 7. His uncle ________ ________ ________ by selling cars. 8. I will ________ the money ________ to you next week. 9. Mark Twain ________ one of the greatest American novelists. 10. Many of his childhood stories later ________ his books. 【短语练习二】翻译句子（能力提升） 题型：翻译句子｜考查：核心短语在句子中的运用｜难度：★★ 要求：将下列句子翻译成英文，写在横线上。 1. 汤姆捡起刷子，回去继续干活。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 波莉姨妈对她的栅栏非常讲究。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 孩子们是来取笑汤姆的，但他们都留下来刷栅栏。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 他叔叔靠卖汽车发了财。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 马克·吐温被视为最伟大的美国小说家之一。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 听到这个好消息，他迈着轻快的步伐回家了。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 四、课文精读 （一）课文原文 It was a bright and fresh Saturday morning. The sweet smell of summer flowers hung in the warm air. Such beauty was enough to fill any heart with joy. But Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. He looked at the fence his aunt wanted him to paint and his heart sank further. The fence was 30 yards long and 3 yards high. Tom painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest. He imagined his friends having fun and the thought of this burnt him like fire. But just then, Tom had an idea. "I know what I'll do!" he said aloud. He picked up his brush and went back to work. Ben Rogers came along the road. He was singing happily and eating an apple. Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. "Do you want to come swimming?" said Ben. "Oh, you have to work, don't you? What a pity!" "Work?" said Tom, looking shocked. "This isn't work. Does a boy get a chance to paint a fence like this every day?" He went on painting, fully absorbed in his work. Ben became more interested. After a while, he said, "Tom, can I do some painting?" Tom replied, "Sorry, Ben, Aunt Polly is very particular about her fence. I'm the only person that can do it right." "Please," said Ben, "I'll give you half my apple. Wait, have it all!" "Fine," said Tom, shaking his hand like a gentleman. "But be careful." Tom passed Ben the brush with a pretend look of concern on his face. He sat under a tree, enjoying the apple while his friend sweated in the sun. All day, boys came to make fun of Tom, but they stayed to paint. When Ben got tired, Billy Fisher was waiting. He gave Tom a kite for a chance to paint. Then Johnny Miller offered him twelve marbles, and so on. By the afternoon Tom had gained all sorts of toys, and the fence had gained three coats of paint. Tom set off with a spring in his step to report back to his aunt about his excellent painting skills. （二）课文翻译 这是一个晴朗清新的星期六早晨。夏日花朵的甜香弥漫在温暖的空气中。这样的美景足以让任何人心生喜悦。但汤姆·索亚却觉得仿佛全世界的重量都压在了他的肩上。他看着姨妈要他粉刷的栅栏，心情更加沉重。栅栏长三十码，高三码。汤姆刷完一块木板，审视了一下自己的进度，然后坐下来休息。他想象着朋友们玩得开心的情景，这个念头像火一样灼烧着他。但就在这时，汤姆有了主意。"我知道该怎么做了！"他大声说。他捡起刷子，回去继续干活。 本·罗杰斯沿着马路走来。他一边快乐地唱着歌，一边吃着苹果。汤姆对他毫不理会，继续干手头的活儿。"你想去游泳吗？"本说，"哦，你得干活，是吧？真可惜！" "干活？"汤姆说，装出一副震惊的样子。"这可不是干活。哪个男孩每天都有机会粉刷这样的栅栏呢？"他继续刷着，完全沉浸在工作之中。 本更感兴趣了。过了一会儿，他说："汤姆，我能刷一会儿吗？" 汤姆回答："抱歉，本，波莉姨妈对她的栅栏很讲究。我是唯一能刷好它的人。" "求求你了，"本说，"我把苹果分你一半。等等，全给你！" "好吧，"汤姆说着，像绅士一样和他握手，"不过要小心。" 汤姆脸上带着假装关心的神情把刷子递给本。他坐在树下吃着苹果，而他的朋友却在烈日下挥汗如雨。 一整天，男孩们陆续来取笑汤姆，结果都留下来刷栅栏。本累了，比利·费舍尔正等着呢。他给汤姆一只风筝，换取刷栅栏的机会。接着约翰尼·米勒给了他十二颗弹珠，以此类推。 到了下午，汤姆得到了各种各样的玩具，栅栏也刷上了三层漆。汤姆迈着轻快的步伐出发，向姨妈汇报自己出色的粉刷技术。 （三）课文语言点解析 1. feel as if... 感觉仿佛……（as if 引导的从句常表示比喻或夸张）。 课文例句：Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 拓展例句：He felt as if he was flying in the sky. 2. the weight of the world / one's heart sank 全世界的重量（夸张，形容压力大）；心情沉重（sink 意为"下沉"）。 课文例句：... the weight of the world was on his shoulders. He looked at the fence ... and his heart sank further. 拓展例句：When he heard the bad news, his heart sank. 3. burn sb like fire 像火一样灼烧某人（比喻用法，形容情感强烈）。 课文例句：He imagined his friends having fun and the thought of this burnt him like fire. 拓展例句：The words burnt her like fire. 4. come along 走过来；出现（along 表"朝这个方向"）。 课文例句：Ben Rogers came along the road. 拓展例句：Take every chance that comes along. 5. pay no attention to 对……毫不理会（pay attention to 的否定形式）。 课文例句：Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 拓展例句：He paid no attention to what I said. 6. carry on with sth. 继续做某事；坚持干（= go on with）。 课文例句：Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 拓展例句：Carry on with your work. Don't stop. 7. What a pity! 真可惜！（what 引导的感叹句， pity 为不可数名词）。 课文例句："Oh, you have to work, don't you? What a pity!" 拓展例句：You can't come with us? What a pity! 8. be particular about 对……讲究；挑剔（particular 为形容词）。 课文例句：Aunt Polly is very particular about her fence. 拓展例句：She is particular about what she eats. 9. the only person that... 唯一……的人（先行词被 the only 修饰时，关系代词宜用 that，详见语法精讲）。 课文例句：I'm the only person that can do it right. 拓展例句：He is the only student that has read the book. 10. with a pretend look of concern 带着假装关心的神情（pretend 此处为形容词"假装的"；concern 为名词"担心"）。 课文例句：Tom passed Ben the brush with a pretend look of concern on his face. 拓展例句：She said sorry with a look of concern. 11. make fun of 取笑；嘲弄（= laugh at）。 课文例句：All day, boys came to make fun of Tom, but they stayed to paint. 拓展例句：It's not right to make fun of the disabled. 12. with a spring in one's step 迈着轻快的步伐（spring 此处为名词，意为"弹簧"）。 课文例句：Tom set off with a spring in his step to report back to his aunt. 拓展例句：He walked into the classroom with a spring in his step. 【课文练习一】根据课文内容完成句子（每空一词）（能力提升） 题型：完成句子｜考查：课文细节与核心短语运用｜难度：★★ 1. Tom felt as if the ________ of the world was on his shoulders. 2. He looked at the ________ his aunt wanted him to paint. 3. Tom painted one board and ________ his progress. 4. Ben Rogers ________ ________ the road, singing happily and eating an apple. 5. Tom paid him no ________ and carried on with the task at hand. 6. Aunt Polly is very ________ about her fence. 7. All day, boys came to ________ ________ ________ Tom, but they stayed to paint. 8. Tom set off with a ________ in his step to report back to his aunt. 【课文练习二】根据课文内容回答问题（综合运用） 题型：问答｜考查：课文理解与表达｜难度：★★★ 1. How did Tom feel when he looked at the fence? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. What did Ben give Tom for a chance to paint the fence? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Why did Tom say he was the only person that could do it right? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. What did Billy Fisher and Johnny Miller give Tom? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. What had Tom gained by the afternoon? ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 五、Focus on culture 精读 （一）语篇原文 Mark Twain (1835-1910) was a journalist and public speaker, but he is best known as a writer. His books about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn are considered among the greatest American novels of all time. Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. He was born in 1835 to a poor family in Missouri. When he was four, Twain's family moved to a small town on the Mississippi River. Many people, places and events from his childhood later ended up in his stories. When Twain was just 12 years old, his father died. And then he took a job at a newspaper. At 17, Twain left his hometown to explore the country, and he worked at printing houses in big cities like New York and Philadelphia. Twain then wanted to travel to South America but he became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi instead. When the American Civil War (1861-1865) began, Twain travelled west to Nevada to search for gold. He dreamt of making a fortune, but he was not very successful. Luckily, he found a job as a journalist. A few years later, Twain moved to California. In 1865, he published "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County", and many other stories soon followed. Twain's books became very popular and made him rich, but he made many bad business decisions and lost all his money. Even worse, he had borrowed a lot of money. To pay it back, he decided to tour the world and give lectures. Twain had a busy schedule. People enjoyed his unique humour on stage. Mark Twain was more than just a humorous writer. He wrote about what he saw around him, both the happy and sad things in life. He lost his father, a brother and a sister when he was a child, and he saw both great successes and terrible failures as an adult. He took his many unusual experiences and put them into his writing. Twain died in 1910, but he is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. （二）语篇翻译 马克·吐温（1835—1910）是一名记者和演说家，但他最广为人知的身份是作家。他写的关于汤姆·索亚和哈克贝利·费恩的书被誉为有史以来最伟大的美国小说之列。 马克·吐温是塞缪尔·兰霍恩·克莱门斯的笔名。他于 1835 年出生在密苏里州的一个贫穷家庭。四岁时，吐温一家搬到了密西西比河边的一个小镇。他童年时代的许多人物、地点和事件后来都出现在他的故事里。 吐温年仅 12 岁时，父亲就去世了。随后他在一家报社谋得了一份工作。17 岁时，吐温离开家乡去闯荡全国，先后在纽约、费城等大城市的印刷厂工作。后来吐温本想去南美洲旅行，结果却成了密西西比河上的轮船领航员。 美国南北战争（1861—1865）爆发后，吐温西行到内华达州淘金。他梦想发大财，却不太成功。幸运的是，他找到了一份记者的工作。几年后，吐温搬到了加利福尼亚。1865 年，他发表了《卡拉维拉斯县驰名的跳蛙》，随后很快又写出了许多其他故事。 吐温的书大受欢迎，使他变得富有，但他做出了许多糟糕的商业决定，赔光了所有的钱。更糟的是，他还借了一大笔钱。为了还债，他决定环游世界巡回演讲。吐温的日程排得很满。人们喜欢他在台上独特的幽默。马克·吐温不仅仅是一位幽默作家。他写的是他在周围看到的世间百态，既有生活中的欢乐，也有悲伤。他小时候失去了父亲、一个弟弟和一个妹妹，成年后又经历了辉煌的成功与惨痛的失败。他把自己许多不平凡的经历都写进了作品。 吐温于 1910 年去世，但他至今仍被视为最伟大的美国小说家之一。 （三）语篇语言点解析 1. be best known as 以……最为人知（know 的被动用法；类似 be known for 因……而出名）。 语篇例句：He is best known as a writer. 拓展例句：Hangzhou is best known as a beautiful city. 2. be considered among... 被认为位列……之中（consider ... (as) ... 的被动形式）。 语篇例句：His books ... are considered among the greatest American novels of all time. 拓展例句：The film is considered among the best of the year. 3. pen name 笔名（pen 作定语修饰 name；类似 pen friend 笔友）。 语篇例句：Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. 拓展例句：Lu Xun was the pen name of Zhou Shuren. 4. end up in/as 最后成为；结果（处于某种状态或地方）。 语篇例句：Many people, places and events from his childhood later ended up in his stories. 拓展例句：If you don't work hard, you will end up in failure. 5. take a job at 在……谋得一份工作；就职于。 语篇例句：And then he took a job at a newspaper. 拓展例句：He took a job at a bank after graduation. 6. search for 寻找；搜寻（search for sth. 指搜寻的目标；search sth. 指搜查某地）。 语篇例句：Twain travelled west to Nevada to search for gold. 拓展例句：The police searched the house for the missing watch. 7. dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事（of 为介词，后接动名词）。 语篇例句：He dreamt of making a fortune. 拓展例句：She dreams of becoming a doctor. 8. make a fortune 发财；赚大钱（fortune 此处意为"财富"）。 语篇例句：He dreamt of making a fortune, but he was not very successful. 拓展例句：His grandfather made a fortune in business. 9. pay ... back 偿还（债务）；还钱。 语篇例句：To pay it back, he decided to tour the world and give lectures. 拓展例句：I will pay back the money next month. 10. more than just 不仅仅是（more than 后接名词，表示超出其本身）。 语篇例句：Mark Twain was more than just a humorous writer. 拓展例句：Reading is more than just a hobby. 11. put ... into ... 把……放进/融入……。 语篇例句：He took his many unusual experiences and put them into his writing. 拓展例句：She puts all her heart into her work. 12. be regarded as 被视为；被看作（regard ... as ... 的被动形式）。 语篇例句：He is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 拓展例句：The Great Wall is regarded as a symbol of China. 【文化语篇练习一】根据语篇内容完成句子（每空一词）（能力提升） 题型：完成句子｜考查：语篇理解与语言点运用｜难度：★★ 1. Mark Twain is best ________ as a writer. 2. Mark Twain was the ________ name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens. 3. When Twain was just ________ years old, his father died. 4. Twain travelled west to Nevada to ________ for gold. 5. To pay back the money, he decided to ________ the world and give lectures. 【文化语篇练习二】翻译句子（综合运用） 题型：翻译句子｜考查：文化语篇语言点的综合运用｜难度：★★★ 要求：将下列句子翻译成英文，写在横线上。 1. 马克·吐温不仅仅是一位幽默作家。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. 他出生在密苏里州的一个贫穷家庭。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他梦想发大财，但不太成功。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. 他的书大受欢迎，使他富有，但他做出了许多糟糕的商业决定，赔光了所有的钱。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. 为了还钱，他决定环游世界巡回演讲。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. 他至今仍被视为最伟大的美国小说家之一。 ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 六、语法精讲：定语从句（who / that / which） （一）概念 定语从句（relative clauses）在句中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词（称为先行词）。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词，主要有 who、that 和 which。关系代词一方面连接主句和从句，另一方面在从句中充当主语或宾语。 （二）基本结构 先行词（人） + who / that + 从句（who/that 在从句中作主语或宾语） 先行词（物） + which / that + 从句（which/that 在从句中作主语或宾语） 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略 （三）三个关系代词对比 关系代词 指代对象 例句 who 指人（作主语或宾语； 作宾语时可用 whom） Boys who came to make fun of Tom stayed to paint. Do you know the boy who/whom Tom met yesterday? that 指人或物；先行词被 only、 all、序数词、最高级等 修饰时宜用 that He looked at the fence that his aunt wanted him to paint. I'm the only person that can do it right. This is the best story that I have ever read. which 指物（作主语或宾语） The kite which/that Billy gave Tom was beautiful. The books which Mark Twain wrote are still popular. （四）重点注意事项 1. 关系代词的选择 指人用 who/that；指物用 which/that；what 不能引导定语从句。 误：Tom is the boy what painted the fence. 正：Tom is the boy who/that painted the fence. 2. 关系代词作主语时不可省略 关系代词在从句中作主语时必须保留，且从句谓语动词与先行词保持数的一致。 例：The boys who come to make fun of Tom stay to paint.（who 指 the boys，谓语用复数） 3. 关系代词作宾语时可省略 关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 例：He looked at the fence (that/which) his aunt wanted him to paint. 例：I read the book (that) you lent me. 4. 只用 that 的场合 先行词被 the only、all、every、no、序数词或最高级修饰时，关系代词宜用 that。 例：I'm the only person that can do it right. / This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 5. 定语从句中不能重复先行词 关系代词已代替先行词在从句中充当成分，从句中不能再出现它。 误：The kite that Billy gave Tom it was beautiful. 正：The kite that Billy gave Tom was beautiful. 6. whose 表示所属关系 whose 在定语从句中表示"……的"，后接名词。 例：Aunt Polly is the woman whose fence Tom painted.（波莉姨妈就是那位栅栏被汤姆粉刷的女士） （五）教材原句仿写 类型 英文 中文 教材原句 He looked at the fence his aunt wanted him to paint. 他看着姨妈要他粉刷的那道栅栏。 仿写 I like the photos (that) we took last summer. 我喜欢我们去年夏天拍的照片。 教材原句 I'm the only person that can do it right. 我是唯一能把它刷好的人。 仿写 She is the only student that has read the book. 她是唯一读过这本书的学生。 拓展例句 Tom is the boy who painted the fence. 汤姆就是刷栅栏的那个男孩。 仿写 Ben is the boy who gave Tom an apple. 本就是给汤姆苹果的那个男孩。 拓展例句 The kite that Billy gave Tom was beautiful. 比利给汤姆的风筝很漂亮。 仿写 The marbles that Johnny offered were colourful. 约翰尼给的弹珠五颜六色。 拓展例句 The books which Mark Twain wrote are still popular. 马克·吐温写的书至今仍受欢迎。 仿写 The songs which she sings are loved by many people. 她唱的歌深受许多人喜爱。 【语法练习一】单项选择（基础巩固） 题型：单项选择｜考查：定语从句关系代词的选择与省略｜难度：★ 1. Tom is the boy ________ painted the fence. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 2. The fence ________ Tom painted was 30 yards long. A. who B. what C. which D. whose 3. The kite ________ Billy gave Tom was beautiful. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 4. She is the only student ________ has finished the work. A. which B. that C. what D. whose 5. I like the photos ________ we took in Beijing. A. who B. what C. that D. whose 6. Boys ________ came to make fun of Tom stayed to paint. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 7. The stories ________ Mark Twain wrote are still popular. A. who B. what C. that D. whose 8. —Which book do you like best? —The one ________ tells the story of Tom Sawyer. A. who B. what C. that D. whose 【语法练习二】合并句子（用 who / that / which 将两句话合并为含定语从句的句子）（能力提升） 题型：句子合并｜考查：定语从句的构造｜难度：★★ 1. Tom painted the fence. The fence was 30 yards long. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. The boy came along the road. The boy was Ben. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. Mark Twain wrote the books. The books are still popular. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Jim is reading a book. The book tells the story of Tom Sawyer. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Aunt Polly is a woman. The woman is very particular about her fence. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 【语法练习三】补全对话（用适当的句子补全对话）（综合运用） 题型：补全对话｜考查：定语从句在交际中的运用｜难度：★★★ A: Hi, Kate. I'm reading a great book these days. B: 1.________ A: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. It was written by Mark Twain. B: Mark Twain? 2.________ A: He was an American writer who was best known for his humour. His real name was Samuel Clemens. B: That's interesting. 3.________ A: It's about a clever boy called Tom Sawyer. In one story, he has to paint a fence, but he turns the work into a game and gets his friends to pay him for painting! B: Wow, that's really smart! 4.________ A: Yes, of course. I'll lend it to you after I finish it. B: Great! 5.________ A: In about three days. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 七、重点句型 句型 含义 例句 1. feel as if... 感觉仿佛…… Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 2. What a pity! 真可惜！ "Oh, you have to work, don't you? What a pity!" 3. be particular about 对……讲究；挑剔 Aunt Polly is very particular about her fence. 4. the only person that... 唯一……的人 I'm the only person that can do it right. 5. carry on with sth. 继续做某事 Tom paid him no attention and carried on with the task at hand. 6. make fun of 取笑；嘲弄 All day, boys came to make fun of Tom, but they stayed to paint. 7. be regarded as 被视为 He is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 8. with a spring in one's step 迈着轻快的步伐 Tom set off with a spring in his step to report back to his aunt. 【句型练习】句型转换（同义句，每空一词）（综合运用） 题型：同义句转换（每空一词）｜考查：重点句型的灵活运用｜难度：★★★ 1. Tom seemed to feel that the weight of the world was on his shoulders. Tom felt ________ ________ the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 2. How pitiful it is! ________ ________ ________! 3. When Ben got tired, Billy Fisher was waiting. When Ben ________ ________, Billy Fisher was waiting. 4. Tom is the only person that can do the job right. Nobody ________ can do the job right. 5. Mark Twain is regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. People ________ Mark Twain ________ one of the greatest American novelists. 6. The boys came to laugh at Tom. The boys came to ________ ________ ________ Tom. ______________________________________________________________________________ 八、易错点提醒 1. who / that / which 不可混用 指人用 who/that；指物用 which/that；what 不能引导定语从句。 误：Tom is the boy which painted the fence. 正：Tom is the boy who/that painted the fence. 2. 从句谓语与先行词保持一致 关系代词作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词决定。 误：The boys who comes to make fun of Tom stay to paint. 正：The boys who come to make fun of Tom stay to paint. 3. 定语从句中不能重复先行词 关系代词已经代替先行词充当从句成分，从句中不能再出现先行词或 its/him 等代词。 误：The kite that Billy gave Tom it was beautiful. 正：The kite that Billy gave Tom was beautiful. 4. 只用 that 的场合 先行词被 the only、all、every、no、序数词或最高级修饰时，关系代词宜用 that。 误：This is the most interesting book which I have ever read. 正：This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 5. whose 表示"……的" whose 后必须接名词，表示所属关系。 误：Aunt Polly is the woman who fence is 30 yards long. 正：Aunt Polly is the woman whose fence is 30 yards long. 6. 关系代词作宾语才能省略 作主语的关系代词不可省略；作宾语时可省略。 误：The fence was painted was long. 正：The fence (that) he painted was long. 7. pay attention to 与 pay no attention to to 为介词，后接名词或动名词。 误：He paid no attention to what did I say. 正：He paid no attention to what I said.（宾语从句用陈述语序） 【易错点练习一】易错辨析填空（从括号中选出正确的词）（综合运用） 题型：易混词辨析填空｜考查：本单元高频易错点｜难度：★★★ 1. Tom is the boy ________ (who / which) painted the fence. 2. The brush ________ (that / who) Tom passed to Ben was old. 3. This is the best story ________ (that / which) I have ever read. 4. The book ________ (what / that) you bought is very interesting. 5. The boys who ________ (comes / come) to make fun of Tom stay to paint. 6. I know the writer ________ (who / whose) books are popular all over the world. 7. She is the only girl ________ (that / which) can speak French. 8. The marbles ________ (what / that) Johnny offered were colourful. 9. Mark Twain was a writer ________ (who / which) was full of humour. 10. The house ________ (which / who) Mark Twain lived in is now a museum. 【易错点练习二】单句改错（每句有一处错误，找出并改正，写在横线上）（综合运用） 题型：单句改错｜考查：易错点辨析与改正｜难度：★★★ 1. Tom is the boy which painted the fence. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. The book what you lent me is very interesting. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. The boys who comes to make fun of Tom stay to paint. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. The kite that Billy gave Tom it was beautiful. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. Aunt Polly is the woman who fence is 30 yards long. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 6. This is the most interesting book which I have ever read. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 九、综合练习 （本单元综合检测，覆盖词汇、短语、语法与阅读能力，含逻辑分析） I. 单项选择（共10小题） 1. Mark Twain was a writer ________ was full of humour. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 2. The fence ________ Tom painted was 30 yards long. A. who B. whose C. which D. what 3. Tom sat under the tree, ________ the apple. A. enjoy B. enjoys C. enjoying D. enjoyed 4. Aunt Polly is very ________ about her fence. A. particular B. worried C. tired D. proud 5. Boys came to ________ Tom, but they stayed to paint. A. make fun of B. take care of C. get rid of D. catch up with 6. He is the only student ________ has won the prize twice. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 7. After hearing the good news, he left ________. A. with a spring in his step B. in a hurry C. by mistake D. on time 8. His uncle made ________ by selling cars. A. a fortune B. a face C. friends D. peace 9. By the afternoon, Tom ________ all sorts of toys. A. has gained B. had gained C. gains D. will gain 10. —Do you know the man ________ is talking to Mr Li? —Yes. He is a famous journalist. A. which B. what C. who D. whose II. 语法选择（阅读短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 选项中选出最佳选项） Mark Twain was an American writer who was best known for his humour. His real name was Samuel Langhorne Clemens, and "Mark Twain" was the pen name ___1___ he used as a writer. Twain was born in 1835 in Missouri, beside the great Mississippi River. The river and the people ___2___ lived around it later ended up in his stories. When he was 12, his father died, and Twain took a job at a newspaper ___3___ was printed in his hometown. There he learned to write brief, clear sentences ___4___ readers loved. At first, Twain wanted to make a fortune by searching for gold. But the only thing ___5___ he found was hard work and no gold. Luckily, the newspaper ___6___ he worked for gave him a job as a journalist. In 1865, he published the story ___7___ made him famous overnight. Later, his books about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn became novels ___8___ are still read all over the world. Twain lost all his money because of bad business decisions, but he worked hard to pay it back. He is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists ___9___ ever lived. The humour ___10___ fills his books never gets old. 1. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 2. A. that B. which C. what D. whom 3. A. who B. what C. which D. whose 4. A. which B. who C. what D. whose 5. A. who B. what C. whose D. that 6. A. who B. whose C. which D. what 7. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 8. A. who B. which C. what D. whose 9. A. which B. who C. that D. whom 10. A. who B. which C. what D. whose III. 语法填空（阅读短文，用括号中所给词的适当形式或所缺的词填空） Tom Sawyer is a clever boy ___1___ appears in Mark Twain's novels. One Saturday morning, Aunt Polly asked him to paint a fence ___2___ was 30 yards long. Tom ___3___ (paint) one board and then sat down to have a rest. He didn't want to do the work, but he knew that his aunt was very particular ___4___ her fence. Just then, Ben Rogers came along. He was a boy ___5___ loved playing. Tom thought of a good idea. He pretended that ___6___ (paint) the fence was not work but a rare chance. Soon Ben, the first boy ___7___ was tricked, offered his apple for a chance to paint. All day, boys came to make fun of Tom, but they all stayed ___8___ (paint). By the afternoon, Tom had gained all ___9___ (sort) of toys. He was the only boy ___10___ could turn hard work into pleasure. IV. 完形填空（阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 选项中选出最佳选项） My little brother hates housework. Last weekend, Mum asked him to clean the garden fence. He looked at the fence and his heart ___1___. The fence was long and dirty. Then he remembered Tom Sawyer, the boy ___2___ turned painting into a game. "Why not try the ___3___ idea?" he thought. Soon his friends came to play. He paid them no ___4___ and cleaned the fence carefully, looking very ___5___ it. "Do you want a try?" he asked at last. "It's fun!" His friends became ___6___. One by one, they asked for a chance to clean. My brother sat under the tree and watched them with a ___7___ on his face. By the evening, the fence was clean and dry. Mum was surprised. "You did a good ___8___!" she said happily. My brother ___9___ the praise, and he also got ice cream as a ___10___. Like Tom Sawyer, he had turned a boring task into a happy game. 1. A. jumped B. sank C. danced D. flew 2. A. which B. what C. who D. whose 3. A. same B. different C. strange D. wrong 4. A. money B. visit C. attention D. time 5. A. tired of B. afraid of C. proud of D. full of 6. A. bored B. interested C. angry D. asleep 7. A. smile B. tear C. book D. brush 8. A. job B. rest C. dream D. favour 9. A. refused B. accepted C. doubted D. forgot 10. A. problem B. game C. prize D. lesson V. 阅读理解（共两篇，10小题） (A) The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is one of the most popular American novels. Mark Twain wrote it in 1876, and both children and adults have loved it ever since. The hero, Tom Sawyer, is a naughty but clever boy. He lives with his Aunt Polly in a small town by the Mississippi River. In the most famous part of the book, Tom has to paint a long fence as punishment. Instead of complaining, he makes his friends believe that painting the fence is a rare pleasure. By the end of the day, the other boys have paid Tom for the chance to paint, and the fence has three coats of paint! Why is the book still popular today? First, the stories are full of humour. Readers laugh at Tom's tricks, but they also understand him, because everyone was once a child who disliked boring tasks. Second, the book paints a clear picture of American small-town life in the 19th century — the streets, the river, the school and the Sunday picnic. Third, Tom is brave and kind at heart. He and his friend Huck find gold in a cave and become heroes of the town. Mark Twain once said that his books were not just for children. Maybe that is the best reason why people of all ages still enjoy them today. 1. When did Mark Twain write The Adventures of Tom Sawyer? A. In 1867. B. In 1876. C. In 1910. D. In 1976. 2. Why does Tom have to paint the fence? A. Because he loves painting. B. As a punishment. C. Because his friends ask him to. D. To make money. 3. How does Tom deal with the boring task? A. He complains to his aunt. B. He runs away from home. C. He makes painting look like a rare pleasure. D. He asks his friends for help directly. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Only children love the book. B. Tom lives with his parents. C. Tom and Huck find gold and become heroes. D. The book was written in the 20th century. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. A Clever Boy Named Tom B. The Mississippi River C. Mark Twain's Childhood D. How to Paint a Fence (B) Xiao Yu, a junior high school student, used to hate chores — the small jobs at home such as washing dishes, sweeping the floor and watering the plants. "Boring!" she always said. One day, she read The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. The story of the painted fence surprised her. "Tom made others believe that his boring work was something special," she thought. "Can I do the same?" The next weekend, her cousin Lele came to visit. Xiao Yu was watering the plants in the garden, humming a song and looking really happy. "What are you doing?" Lele asked. "I'm watering the plants. It's really fun — you can watch the water run through the soil. But only one person can do it at a time," said Xiao Yu. "Can I have a try?" asked Lele. Xiao Yu pretended to think for a while and then passed her the watering can with a serious look. Lele watered the plants excitedly, and Xiao Yu sat on the bench reading her book happily. Of course, the "trick" can't work every time. But Xiao Yu learned something important from Tom Sawyer: when you change the way you look at a boring task, the task itself can become fun. 1. What did Xiao Yu use to think of chores? A. Fun. B. Boring. C. Important. D. Easy. 2. The underlined word "chores" in Paragraph 1 probably means ________. A. 功课 B. 家务活 C. 游戏 D. 礼物 3. How did Xiao Yu make Lele want to water the plants? A. She ordered Lele to do it. B. She paid Lele to do it. C. She made watering look fun and special. D. She said Mum would be angry. 4. What was Xiao Yu doing while Lele watered the plants? A. She was watering, too. B. She was reading a book. C. She was sweeping the floor. D. She was sleeping. 5. What did Xiao Yu learn from the story of Tom Sawyer? A. Tricks always work. B. Reading books is boring. C. We should make others do our work. D. A boring task can become fun if we change the way we look at it. VI. 阅读填空（阅读短文，从文本框中 A~F 六个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项为多余选项） Mark Twain's books were written more than one hundred years ago, but people still read and love them today. Here is some advice on how to enjoy classic novels like his. First, don't be afraid of the "old" language. The English in these books may look different from today's English, but you will soon get used to it.___1___ Second, look for the humour in the story. Look for the humour. Mark Twain was famous for his jokes. ___2___Others need a little thinking before you understand them. Third, learn something about the background. Learn about the background. ___3___Knowing a little about the life along the Mississippi River will help you understand why the characters act in certain ways. Fourth, pay attention to the characters. Tom, Huck and Aunt Polly are not perfect people, and that is why they feel real. ___4___ Finally, share your ideas with others.___5___ Discussing helps you understand the book better and makes reading twice as fun. ( A. Some of them may make you laugh out loud B. The stories happened in 19th-century America. C. Old books are too difficult for students. D. Just keep reading, and the story will pull you along. E. Ask yourself: what would I do if I were Tom? F. Talk about the book with your classmates or write a short book report. ) VII. 首字母填空（根据短文内容和首字母提示，填入所缺单词） It was a bright Saturday morning, but Tom Sawyer felt sad because he had to paint a long f________. When Ben Rogers came a________, Tom paid no attention to him and c________ on with his work. Tom told Ben that painting the fence was not w________, but a rare chance. He said that Aunt Polly was very particular about her fence and he was the only p________ that could do it right. Ben became more and more i________, and he offered all his apple for a chance to paint. Tom passed Ben the brush with a p________ look of concern, and then he sat under a tree. All day, boys came to make fun of Tom, but they s________ to paint. By the afternoon, Tom had gained all sorts of toys and the fence had gained three c________ of paint. Tom set off with a s________ in his step to report to his aunt. VIII. 课文默写（根据所给首句，默写出课文最后一段余下内容） It was a bright and fresh Saturday morning. （请默写此段余下内容，写在横线上：） ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 【词汇练习一】根据中文提示写出英文单词 1. associate 2. humour 3. fence 4. sink 5. yard 6. survey 7. aloud 8. pity 9. gentleman 10. concern 11. sort 12. spring 13. bet 14. afterwards 15. brief 16. journalist 17. pilot 18. failure 19. regard 【词汇练习二】词性转换 1. humour 2. humorous 3. sank 4. concerned 5. failure 6. regarded 7. journalists 8. briefly 9. fortune 10. gentleman 【词汇练习三】单词释义搭配 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. E 6. F 7. G 8. H 9. I 10. J 【词汇练习四】语篇选词填空 1. journalist 2. fortune 3. failure 4. humour 5. fence 6. survey 7. pity 8. gentleman 9. sort 10. aloud 【短语练习一】选短语填空 1. picked up 2. carried on with 3. is particular about 4. make fun of 5. got tired 6. with a spring in his step 7. made; a; fortune 8. pay; back 9. is regarded as 10. ended up in 【短语练习二】翻译句子 1. Tom picked up his brush and went back to work. 2. Aunt Polly is very particular about her fence. 3. Boys came to make fun of Tom, but they stayed to paint the fence. 4. His uncle made a fortune by selling cars. 5. Mark Twain is regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 6. Hearing the good news, he went home with a spring in his step. 【课文练习一】完成句子 1. weight 2. fence 3. surveyed 4. came; along 5. attention 6. particular 7. make; fun; of 8. spring 【课文练习二】根据课文内容回答问题 1. He felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. 2. He gave Tom all his apple. 3. Because Aunt Polly was very particular about her fence. 4. Billy Fisher gave Tom a kite, and Johnny Miller offered him twelve marbles. 5. He had gained all sorts of toys, and the fence had gained three coats of paint. 【文化语篇练习一】根据语篇内容完成句子 1. known 2. pen 3. twelve/12 4. search 5. tour 【文化语篇练习二】翻译句子 1. Mark Twain was more than just a humorous writer. 2. He was born in a poor family in Missouri. 3. He dreamt of making a fortune, but he was not very successful. 4. His books became very popular and made him rich, but he made many bad business decisions and lost all his money. 5. To pay back the money, he decided to tour the world and give lectures. 6. He is still regarded as one of the greatest American novelists. 【语法练习一】单项选择 1-8: BCBBCACC 【语法练习二】合并句子 1. The fence (that/which) Tom painted was 30 yards long. 2. The boy who came along the road was Ben. 3. The books that/which Mark Twain wrote are still popular. 4. Jim is reading a book that/which tells the story of Tom Sawyer. 5. Aunt Polly is a woman who is very particular about her fence. 【语法练习三】补全对话 1. What's the name of the book? / What book are you reading? 2. Who was Mark Twain? / Who is Mark Twain? 3. What is the book about? 4. Can I borrow it? / Can you lend it to me? 5. When will you finish it? 【句型练习】句型转换（同义句） 1. as; if 2. What; a; pity 3. got; tired 4. else 5. regard; as 6. make; fun; of 【易错点练习一】易错辨析填空 1. who 2. that 3. that 4. that 5. come 6. whose 7. that 8. that 9. who 10. which 【易错点练习二】单句改错 1. which → who/that；Tom is the boy who/that painted the fence. 2. what → that/which；The book that/which you lent me is very interesting. 3. comes → come；The boys who come to make fun of Tom stay to paint. 4. 去掉 it；The kite that Billy gave Tom was beautiful. 5. who → whose；Aunt Polly is the woman whose fence is 30 yards long. 6. which → that；This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 综合练习参考答案 I. 单项选择 1-5: BCCAA 6-10: CAABC； II. 语法选择 1-5: BACAD 6-10: CBBCB III. 语法填空 1. who/that 2. which/that 3. painted 4. about 5. who/that 6. painting 7. that 8. to paint 9. sorts 10. that IV. 完形填空 1-5: BCACC 6-10: BAABC V. 阅读理解 (A) 1-5: BBCCA (B) 1-5: BBCBD VI. 阅读填空 1-5: DABEF （C 为多余选项） VII. 首字母填空 1. fence 2. along 3. carried 4. work 5. person 6. interested 7. pretend 8. stayed 9. coats 10. spring VIII. 课文默写 It was a bright and fresh Saturday morning.The sweet smell of summer flowers hung in the warm air. Such beauty was enough to fill any heart with joy. But Tom Sawyer felt as if the weight of the world was on his shoulders. He looked at the fence his aunt wanted him to paint and his heart sank further. The fence was 30 yards long and 3 yards high. Tom painted one board and surveyed his progress, and then he sat down to have a rest. He imagined his friends having fun and the thought of this burnt him like fire. But just then, Tom had an idea. "I know what I'll do!" he said aloud. He picked up his brush and went back to work. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $