Unit 1 Science and Scientists 一轮复习专项训练 -2027届高三英语人教版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 以“词汇-阅读-写作”三维度构建单元专项训练，融合考点化词汇语法夯实、技能化阅读策略提炼及结构化写作指导，系统提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇语法|10词形变化+5词组+5时态+5翻译+1语篇填空|通过“词根变形-语境应用-语法规则”三阶训练，强化词形转换与语法应用能力|从基础词汇变形到语法规则应用，构建“词-句-篇”语言知识链| |阅读技能|1阅读理解+1七选五+1完形填空|提炼“提问理解法”“语篇结构分析法”，训练信息定位与逻辑衔接能力|从细节理解到语篇逻辑，形成“微观信息-宏观结构”阅读思维链| |写作技能|1读后续写（含5单句+2段落）|“拆解原文（人物/冲突/主题）-分步构思（结局-升华-衔接）”写作策略|从单句构建到篇章组织，实现“理解-表达-升华”写作能力链|

Book5 Unit 1 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练（答案） 一、用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. frustrating; frustrated; frustration 2. infectious; infected; infection 3. defense; defenseless; defensive 4. steadily; steadiness 5. transformed; transformation 6. purifying; purity 7. proved; proof 8. assistance; assistant; assisted 9. brilliance; brilliantly 10. links; were linked 二、根据提示，写出词组的适当形式。 1. subscribe to 2. are more likely to 3. tireless efforts 4. would break out 5. in charge of 三、用所词汇的适当形式填空。 1. had discovered 2. found 3. prevents 4. are 5. was spreading 四、翻译。 1. Excited by the discovery, the scientists immediately published their findings. 2. The microscope was so precise that it could detect the structure of every cell clearly. 或：So precise was the the microscope that it could detect the structure of every cell clearly. 3. After the outbreak of the disease, they had the research focus shifted to vaccine development. 4.重要的不仅是他们从周围世界观察到的现象和提出的问题，更在于他们如何运用证据或数据来解答这些问题。 5.在《钱学森传》作者笔下，钱学森被描述为一位兼具“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的爱国者，他以毕生努力、卓越成就和无私奉献报效祖国，是一位备受敬仰的伟人。 五、阅读下面的语篇，根据提示填空。 1. initial 2. severe 3. suspected 4. blamed 5. raw 6. to handle 7. brilliant 8. concrete 9. traced 10. cast 11. shadow 12. finding 13. Furthermore 14. linked 15. Besides 16. leadership 17. decrease 18. outstanding 19. substantial 20. shift Book 5 Unit 1 课时二 阅读技能训练（答案） 一、阅读理解 体裁：科技说明文 题材：研究发现 主题：实验室培育木材技术及环境效益。 【文章大意】文章介绍了科学家发现在实验室中培育植物组织、木材和纤维的方法和这一发现可能产生的影响。 1.C 【命题意图】推理判断题。 【答案分析】根据第一段“The process begins with trees but now researchers have found a better way: growing it in a lab instead of a forest. Instead of cutting down trees and adding to deforestation, Velasquez-Garcia said, “If you want a table, then you should just grow a table.”(这个过程从树木开始，但现在研究人员发现了一个更好的方法：在实验室里而不是在森林里生长。Velasquez-Garcia说：“如果你想要一张桌子，那么你应该自己种一张桌子。”)”可推知，作者认为种植家具更环保，是更好的选择，所以可能会有一个光明的未来。故选C项。 2.B 【命题意图】推理判断题。 【答案分析】文章明确提到：“Researchers have found a way to actually grow plant tissue — wood and fiber — in a lab...”（研究人员发现了一种在实验室培育植物组织——木材和纤维的方法)。这是研究的核心突破，即无需砍伐树木，直接在实验室培养木材，可知B正确。A)发现生长更快的新树种：原文未提及新树种，且研究重点是实验室培育，而非自然生长。C)发明自动伐木机器：与文章主旨相反，研究目标是减少伐木，而非改进伐木技术。D)使传统木材更坚固：文章讨论的是替代传统木材的新方法，而非增强现有木材。故选B项。 3.B 【命题意图】细节理解题。 【答案分析】根据第五段中Beckwith的话“I wanted to find a more efficient way to use land and resources so that we could let more farmlands remain wild, or to remain lower production but allow for greater biodiversity.(我想找到一种更有效的方式来利用土地和资源，这样我们就可以让更多的农田保持野生状态，或者保持低产量，但同时允许更大的生物多样性)”可知，Beckwith种植家具的目的是保持生物多样性。故选B项。 4.A 【命题意图】推理判断题。 【答案分析】根据最后一段中“When new biomaterials become readily available, forests will lose their economic value and will be preserved for their environmental, health, and recreational value.(当新的生物材料变得唾手可得时，森林将失去其经济价值，并将因其环境、健康和娱乐价值而得到保护)”可推知，保护森林的关键是新型生物材料的广泛应用。故选A项。 5. （1）Q: What is the new method for producing furniture materials? （2）Q：How could we eliminate cutting down trees in forests to make furniture? （3）Q：Why is lab-grown wood more convenient than traditional wood? 【解题思路】 （1）定位核心信息：通过答案句的主要信息“found a way to grow plant tissue in a lab”，即“发现在实验室培养植物组织的方法”，可定位到文章第二段。根据疑问词what可知，提问应聚焦发现的具体内容，即新方法。从上下文可知，该方法用于“生产家具材料”(producing furniture materials)，从而得出提问内容。 （2）定位核心信息：通过答案句的主要信息“eliminate cutting down trees in forests”，即“避免在森林中砍伐树木”可定位到文章第三段。根据疑问词how可知，提问应聚焦达成此事的方式方法，从而得出提问内容。 （3）定位核心信息：通过答案句的主要信息“can be shaped like 3D printing” “eliminating the need for glue or screws”，即“类似3D打印”和“免胶水/螺丝”，可定位到文章第四段。该段主要讲述新方法较之老方法的优势。同时，根据疑问词Why可知，该问题用于询问原因。因此，在提问中可构建比较级结构（more convenient than...），用于突出新老方法的优劣对比。 二、语篇结构 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，对用户信息起防护作用的技术如指纹扫描等市场正在增长，但这些技术仍然很昂贵。本文介绍了一种具有类似功能的新型低成本设备——智能键盘。 6.G 【考点】转折关系 【详解】前文说生物测量技术（比如指纹）市场增长，后面说研究人员发明了低成本设备（智能键盘）来解决这个问题。所以中间的逻辑应该是“现有技术有缺点，比如贵，所以需要低成本的”。所以第6空应该是G选项：“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.” 这里though表示转折，前面说市场增长，后面说这些技术很贵，所以研究人员搞了低成本的智能键盘，衔接合理。 7.A 【考点】代词指代、承接功能 【详解】前面说“smart keyboard”，后面说键盘通过分析打字力度和按键间隔来提供安全层。所以第7空应该介绍键盘的功能，对应A选项：“This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence (节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.” 这里cadence对应时间间隔，pressure对应打字力度，和后文衔接。 8.F 【考点】逻辑衔接（因果关系） 【详解】前面说分析的力度和间隔，后面说因此键盘能确定身份。所以中间需要解释为什么这些分析能确定身份，因为“这些模式对每个人独特”，即F选项：“These patterns are unique to each person.” 这样逻辑通顺：分析模式→模式独特→确定身份。 9.D 【考点】递进补充（并列/补充说明） 【详解】根据后文“每个人用键盘，打字方式不同”，前面应该说智能键盘的优势，除了前面的安全性，还有易用性。D选项：“It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with.” 这里also表示递进，前面说安全，这里说不需要新科技，大家都熟悉键盘，符合后文“人人用键盘，打字不同”的逻辑。 10.B 【考点】例证与结果（实验结论） 【详解】根据前文100名志愿者用智能键盘打“touch”四次，后面应该说实验结果。B选项：“Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.” 这里数据收集对应实验，识别参与者对应结果，错误率低说明有效，衔接合理。 三、完形填空 11-15 BDCCB 16-20DBACB 21-25 DADCA 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了柯林斯博士上高中时的一堂科学课，它彻底改变了他的人生轨迹，从那时起他就致力于科学研究。 11.B force迫使；inspire鼓舞；order命令；request要求。根据上文“any special spark or”以及下文“him to pursue a life of science”并结合最后一段内容可知，柯林斯博士被问及是否有任何特别的火花或任何特别的时刻激励他追求科学。故选B。 12.D doubt 怀疑；recognize认出；imagine想象；reply回复，回答。根据上文“In an interview，Dr.Collins was asked if”可知，柯林斯博士对该问题回答说，事实上是有的。故选D。 13.C carefully认真地；hurriedly匆匆地；secretly秘密地，神秘地；impatiently不耐烦地。根据下文“The teacher told the students that their was to determine what was inside the box.”可知，老师让学生自己去查明盒子里有什么，可推知是神秘地递给每个学生一个盒子。故选C。 14.C represent代表；mean 意味着；contain包含；tell告诉。根据下文“And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around, he could something rolling around inside.”可知，每个盒子里都装着东西。故选C。 15.B see看；hear听；fancy想象；monitor监测。根据上文“The boxes were sealed”可知，盒子被密封了，所以只能听到里面有东西在滚动。故选B。 16.D campaign战役；desire愿望；ambition抱负；assignment任务。根据下文“to determine what was inside the box”可知，老师告诉学生他们的任务是确定盒子里是什么。故选D。 17.B avoid 避免；design设计，构思；pass通过；mark标记。要弄清楚盒子里面到底是什么，他们可以设计任何一种测试。故选B。 18.A open打开；roll滚动；throw扔；hit打击。根据But可知，他们可以用测试或提问的方式，但不能直接打开盒子。故选A。 19.C pick up拾起；draw on利用；figure out弄清楚；stick to坚持。根据上文“They could any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box.”可知，他们必须先想办法弄清楚盒子里是什么。故选C。 20.B experiment实验；science科学；education教育；study学习。根据上文“his first science course”可知，老师在解释科学。故选B。 21.D answer回答；apologize道歉；argue争论；explain解释。由上文“That's what is…”和下文“being curious...the answer”可知，此处指老师认真解释道。故选D。 22.A attract吸引；confuse使困惑；frighten使惊吓；disappoint使失望。根据下文“From then on, he was to spending a life in science”可知，柯林斯博士之后一直从事科学，所以是被吸引住了。故选A。 23.D control控制：improve提高；save挽救；change改变。根据下文“From then on, he was to spending a life in science”可知，那一天彻底改变了他的生活。故选D。 24.C oppose反对；expose暴露；commit犯（错误或罪行)；use使用。be committed to(doing) sth致力于（做）某事。根据下文“spending a life in science”可知，从那时起，他就致力于科学研究。故选C。 25.A curious好奇的；smart聪明的;generous慷慨的；optimistic乐观的。根据上文“being curious”可知，他的工作就是保持好奇。故选A。 Book 5 Unit 1 课时三 写作技能训练—读后续写（答案） （一）写作指导。（略） （二）写作训练。 第一步：写单句 1. My father said, when he received my reply, the relief extended in his mind—the wall between us, which was caused by misunderstanding, was slowly collapsing as sincere communication went on. 2. In that warm living room, our hearts drew closer, mending our band with love. 3. The moment I clicked to send the birthday reply text to my father, my fingers trembled slightly, with past guilt flooding in like a tide. 4. As the phone screen lit up and my father’s reply came into sight, a late but precious heart- to- heart talk started quietly. 5. Sitting on the sofa, my father slowly shared his silent care over the years, and I told him my past confusion and guilt. 第二步：组语篇 But that Saturday, I was so touched by his short message and decided to send a reply: "Thank you, my dear father." The moment I clicked to send the birthday reply text to my father, my fingers trembled slightly, with past guilt flooding in like a tide. Burying my face in my arms, I silently counted each passing second, hoping to get my father’s response as soon as possible. As the phone screen lit up and my father’s reply came into sight, a late but precious heart-to-heart talk started quietly. Two days later, I decided to go home. Sitting on the sofa, my father slowly shared his silent care over the years, and I told him my past confusion and guilt. My father said, when he received my reply, the relief extended in his mind—the wall between us, which was caused by misunderstanding, was slowly collapsing as sincere communication went on. That afternoon, Dad and I talked for more than an hour. In that warm living room, our hearts drew closer, mending our bond with love. Book 5 Unit 1 单元过关（答案） （一）阅读理解 A篇1-4：ABDC 体裁：说明文 题材：科技发展现状 主题：未来技术未普及的原因与价值 【文章大意】本文通过Nicole Kobie的著作《未来的漫长历史》，分析先进技术（如无人驾驶汽车、类人机器人）未普及的三大原因：成本高昂、可靠性不足及解决方案不合理；同时指出科技发展虽缓慢但存在意外收获（如AI预测蛋白质），作者对其未来潜力持乐观态度。 【解析】 1. A 【命题意图】考查词义猜测。 【答案分析】根据第二段 “Flying cars could avoid congested traffic” 与后文 “解决交通问题”的语境，“congested”与交通堵塞相关，且选项 “packed”（拥挤的）符合 “拥堵的交通”之意。B项 “deserted”（空寂的）、C项“smooth”（顺畅的）、D项 “spacious”（宽敞的）均脱离语境。 2. B 【命题意图】考查细节理解。 【答案分析】第三段指出 “ Robotics can be traced back to 1495. But 500 years later, we still fold laundry ourselves. ”，说明某些领域技术进步缓慢。A项：“To present superiority of traditional methods”（为了体现传统方法的优越性）属于过度推断；C项：“To suggest low reliability of laundry technology”（为了暗示洗衣技术可靠性低）无中生有；D项：“To show lack of investment in laundry technology”（为了表明对洗衣技术投入不足）未提及，均予以排除。 3. D 【命题意图】考查观点态度。 【答案分析】由最后一段，“Despite the slow growth and misguided efforts, science still brings unexpected pleasures. ”可知，尽管技术进展缓慢，但科学仍然能带来意外的惊喜，再提到人工智能以及其他长期预测的技术的先进，表现出了作者对科技进步的乐观（hopeful）态度。A项 “怀疑”、B项 “消极”、C项 “漠不关心”与最后一段积极（hopeful）倾向不符。 4. C 【命题意图】考查标题选择。 【答案分析】 全文围绕“承诺的技术未兑现”展开，分析原因并讨论其价值， “Tomorrow's Technologies: Promises Not Kept”（明日的科技：未兑现的承诺）精准概括核心。选项A：“Advanced Technologies: A Total Failure?”（先进科技：彻底的失败？）表述过于绝对; 选项B：“Future Technologies: Limited Progress”（未来科技：有限的进展）仅强调了技术发展的缓慢程度, 范围过窄; 选项D：“Inventing New Technologies: Obstacles to Overcome”（研发新技术：需克服的障碍）只是“承诺未兑现”的部分原因，属于以偏概全。 B篇：5-8：BCBC 体裁：说明文 题材：教育心理学 主题：儿童科学兴趣消退的应对策略 【文章大意】本文围绕儿童科学好奇心的变化展开，分析了其消退的原因与成人谈论科学的方式有关，并提出针对不同年龄段儿童（4-10 岁及 11 岁以上）应采用不同的语言策略，以保持他们对科学的兴趣，强调科学属于所有有好奇心的人。 【解析】 5. B 【命题意图】考查开篇方式。 【答案分析】开篇两句 “Children are born curious, exploring the world like natural scientists. Yet, this curiosity often fades as children enter school years. ”属于普遍现象观察，后文据此展开分析。A项 “历史数据”、C项 “个人轶事”、D项 “技术定义”均未体现。 6. C 【命题意图】考查细节推理。 【答案分析】第三段明确“brilliant high school girls—those scoring in STEM’s top 20%—choose science majors as rarely as boys in the bottom 20%”，并指出 “This gap isn't about ability, but messages implying science isn't for them”。这表明顶尖女生与垫底男生在选择理科专业上的差异并非源于能力，而是社会传递的 “科学不属于她们” 的观念，即 “社会观念比能力更重要”。A项“男孩更擅长科学”与原文矛盾；B项“成绩决定工作”、D项“女孩缺乏自信”未提及。 7. B 【命题意图】考查细节推理。 【答案分析】第四段指出 “as children enter adolescence (age 11+), identity-focused language becomes effective”，即 11 岁以上的青少年适合身份导向的语言，研究中用 “科学家”“医生” 等未来科学相关身份激励学生。如 “You could be a scientist!”，B项符合该策略。A项行动导向语言（“Let's test…”）适合4-10岁；C项反刻板印象、D项强调天赋，均不符合年龄策略。 8. C 【命题意图】考查主旨大意。 【答案分析】全文通过 “问题-分析-解决” 结构，核心建议是按年龄采用不同语言策略（行动导向/身份导向）维持科学兴趣。A项仅描述现象；B项只涉及部分原因；D项未突出“分年龄策略”这一核心方案。 （二）完形填空 9-13 BDBAC  14-18 DAACB    19-23 DACBD 【导语】这篇文章围绕生活中的失败展开，通过分享自身经历，指出要正确看待失败，强调从失败中学习、勇敢面对的重要性。 9. B。结合语境，上文“提到生活充满起伏”，并且此句中“you must understand that you will sometimes fail at some things”明确指出会有失败的时候，那当失败出现时，也是“正常的（normal)”，故选B。 10. D。drown in sorrow是固定搭配，意为“沉浸在悲伤中”，delight in（喜爱）、exist in（存在）、absorb in（专心于），故选D。 11. B。结合后文“你会逐渐了解自身真实能力、优缺点”，可知失败能展现真实自我。reveals意为“展现、揭示”；hides（隐藏）、blinds（蒙蔽）、disguises（伪装）均不符合语境，故选B。 12. A。结合语境，“weaknesses（弱点）”对应“优势（strengths）”，talents（天赋）、potentials（潜力）、energies（精力；能量）表意不符，故选 A。 13. C。结合语境，run from表示“逃避” 与“Embrace the process（拥抱过程）” 相反，并且最后一句话 “All prove: learn from failures, don't flee!” 更是体现了用run from。 give up（放弃）、stick to（坚持）、cope with（应对）不符合语境，故选 C。 14. D。结合语境，句意为“只有那时我们的目标才能被实现。” accomplished（实现的、达成的）、shelved（搁置的）、abandoned（放弃的、不再考虑的）、neglected（被忽视的、被忽略），故选D。 15. A。struggle with 表示 “与…… 抗争；在…… 方面吃力” ，体现学习科目时的困难，deal with（处理）、compete with（与…竞争 ）、battle with（与…战斗），故选 A。 16. A。结合语境，“考得不好会害怕（scared）”与后一句 “Afraid to face my parents...”情感对应，excited（兴奋的）、amazed（惊奇的）、annoyed（恼怒的，侧重因被烦扰生气 ，这里更侧重害怕 ），故选 A。 17. C。cover up 意为“掩盖” ，符合怕父母知道而掩盖成绩的语境，give up（放弃）、take up（占据）、turn up（出现），故选 C。 18. B。改成绩是为 “取悦（please）” 父母，disappoint（使失望）语义相反，bother（打扰）、disturb（干扰 ，侧重扰乱，不符合 “讨父母欢心” 语境），故选 B。 19. D。句意为“这个小把戏很快被发现了”。“trick”指骗人的小把戏，符合语境。“trap”是陷阱、圈；“joke”是玩笑；“game”是游戏，故选D。 20. A。结合语境，“努力后成绩自然地（naturally）提升”，suddenly（突然地）、formally（正式地）、generally（普遍地），故选 A。 21. C。句意为“面对失败别觉得无法恢复，…想办法提升自己。” “however”表转折；“moreover”表递进；“still”是“仍然”。而“instead”表相反，于语境合适，所以选C。 22. B。结合常识和语境，此前已有灯泡雏形，爱迪生尝试一万次是使其更加优化。produce（生产）、create（创造）、design（设计 ），故选 B。 23. D。a complete failure表示 “彻底失败的事物”，形容盖茨最初公司，success（成功）、career(事业）、wonder（奇迹），故选 D。 （三）语法填空 【答案】： 24.marking 25.growth 26.Besides 27.suitable 28.has earned 29.increased 30.to experience 31.is expected 32.that 33.linked 【解析】： 【导语】 本文为说明文，主要介绍了2025年夏天红色旅游在年轻游客中兴起的趋势，分析了其受欢迎的原因（气候优势、历史纪念、影视影响等），并探讨技术创新对旅游体验的升级作用。 24. marking 考点：非谓语动词（现在分词作伴随状语）。句意：尤其随着2025年标志着世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。分析：“with 2025…” 构成独立主格结构，逻辑主语2025与动词mark为主动关系，需用现在分词形式表伴随动作。故填marking。 25.growth 考点：词形转换（动词→名词）。句意：去哪儿网数据显示红色旅游热点地区呈现显著增长。分析：形容词significant修饰名词， grow（动词）需转换为名词形式, 故填growth。 26. Besides 考点：介词besides的用法。句意：井冈山“作为红色旅游目的地”之外，还“空气质量优良”。分析：空格后“being a red tourism destination”与后文“air quality is excellent”“suitable for travelers”构成递进关系，需用介词 Besides（除…… 之外还有）体现这种叠加关系，故填 Besides。 27. suitable 考点：词形转换（动词→形容词）。句意：适合旅行者避暑。分析：系动词is后需形容词作表语，与excellent并列应用形容词。故填 suitable。 28. has earned 考点：动词时态（现在完成时）。句意：“Dead To Rights” 已收获 15亿元票房（截至当前）。分析：时间状语 “in 10 days”（十天内）强调动作对现在的影响票房结果持续有效, 应用现在完成时。故填 has earned。 29. increased 考点：一般过去时态。句意：7月上海影视乐园月访问量增长了80%。分析：具体过去时间“in July”需用过去式。故填increased。 30. to experience 考点：非谓语动词（不定式作宾补）。句意：允许游客体验历史。分析：固定搭配：allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）。故填to experience。 31. is expected 考点：被动语态（一般现在时）。句意：红色旅游被预计将进一步达到高峰。分析：主语red tourism与动词expect构成被动关系结构：be expected to do（被期待做某事）。故填 is expected。 32. that 考点：表语从句。句意：我的建议是：整合先进技术和互动环节能丰富年轻游客的体验，增强红色景点的历史魅力，提供沉浸式历史参与，并且此类创新（尤其当结合教育内容时）可显著提升游客兴趣。分析：前文 “My suggestion is that...” 中，that 引导表语从句，且从句包含两个并列的建议内容，第二个表语从句需用 that 连接（避免省略引起歧义）。故填 that。 33. linked 考点：非谓语动词（过去分词作状语）。句意：尤其当与教育内容结合时。分析：省略结构：when (innovations are) linked to ...主语innovations与link为被动关系。故填linked。 （四）应用文写作 One possible version: Dear Tom,​ Learning that you’re crazy about our annual Science Festival, I’m more than delighted to share some relevant information. The festival was held in our school auditorium last week. Varieties of students brought their self-made technology gadgets to display. Some showed small robots that can follow simple orders, while others presented solar-powered lamps designed to save energy. Meanwhile, some excellent student inventors introduced the functions of their technology gadgets and performed them on the spot, which I think would be the most exciting part. Everyone felt joyful and gained a lot of science knowledge by taking part in these hands-on activities.​ If possible, come and join us next year. Your arrival will surely make the festival marvelous. Yours, Li Hua $ Book5 Unit 1 课时一 词汇、语法考点化训练 一、用括号内单词的适当形式填空。 1. The ____________ failure of the experiment did not make the scientist_____________; instead, she insisted and finally the success defeated_____________. (frustrate) 2. While studying _____________ diseases, the team discovered how a single _____________ cell could affect entire tissues, revealing new _____________ pathways. (infect) 3. The village's _____________ against the epidemic collapsed when their medical supplies ran out, leaving the _____________ residents facing the disease with few _____________ measures. (defend) 4. The engineer adjusted the machine_____________, because even a small mistake could ruin the test. His _____________ ensured the experiment’s success, proving how important it is to stay calm under pressure. (steady) 5. The invention of the microscope _____________ science forever, allowing researchers to see tiny organisms for the first time. This __________ also changed how we understand the world.(transform) 6. The chemist spent weeks __________ the substance until it reached 99.9%___________. (pure) 7. After years of research, the team finally ___________ their theory was correct. The ________ came from multiple experiments, and now no one could doubt their findings.(prove) 8. The research team needed additional _____________ to complete the project, so they hired a lab _____________ who _____________ with data collection and analysis. (assist) 9. Marie Curie's _____________ was demonstrated when she_____________ (brilliant) isolated radium, which is a great achievement in chemistry. (brilliant) 10. The scientists discovered crucial _____________ between the two variables, and later their findings _____________ to a breakthrough in cancer research. (link) 二、根据中文提示，用本单元词组的适当形式填空。 1. Many young scientists_______________________(同意) the theory that artificial intelligence will fundamentally transform medical research in the coming decade. 2. Studies show that patients with stronger immune systems_____________________(更有可能)recover fully from the infection, highlighting the importance of maintaining good health. 3. Through researchers’ _______________________ (不懈的努力), the research team finally figured out the genetic structure of the virus, paving the way for a new vaccine. 4. Scientists developed early warning systems to predict where new pandemics__________ (爆发), allowing for quicker protective measures. 5. The research team_______________________ (负责；管理) tracking the epidemic found that elderly patients were ​more fragile. 三、用所给词汇的适当形式填空。 1. The most surprising fact was that the scientist ________________ (discover) this phenomenon long before it was officially recognized. 2. What the team__________ (find) in the 1990s became the foundation of the current research. 3. Recent studies have confirmed that this vaccine effectively____________ (prevent) infection and reduces transmission when properly administered. 4. A study shows that the clinical data of the new drug_________ (be) effective at present in treating most patients, though initial tests failed to demonstrate significant benefits. 5. It’s worth mentioning that scientists could be calm enough to find out the key treatment when the virus__________________ (spread) across the country at this time last year. 四、翻译。 1. 科学家们因这一发现而兴奋不已，立即发表了研究成果。（形容词短语作状语） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 这台显微镜如此精确，以至于能清楚地观察到每个细胞的结构。（so…that…结构） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 疾病爆发后，他们将研究重点转向了疫苗研发。（have sth. done） ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What matters is not only what they observe in the world around them and what questions they ask, but also how they use evidence or data to answer the questions. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort, achievement and devotion, Qian was an extremely well-respected man. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、阅读下面的语篇，根据首字母、中文提示，或用括号里单词的正确形式填空。 Edison: Lighting Up the World Great innovation often begins with a determination to solve real problems—a spirit embodied by Edison’s creation of the bulbs. Edison’s 1.________(最初的)attempts to invent the light bulb faced 2.s__________problems. Critics 3.________(怀疑) electricity was too dangerous, and some even 4. ______ (blame) him for wasting time. But Edison persisted, testing over 1,600 5. _______(天然的) materials like bamboo and cotton 6.__________(handle) the contradictory requirements: a filament（灯丝） must glow brightly without burning out. His 7._________(卓越的；绝妙的) concept was simple: create a 8. __________(具体的) solution for darkness. After months of failure, his team finally 9.t___________a carbonized thread. When the first bulb 10. c ________a warm 11. __________（影子）on the lab walls, they knew it worked! The 12. ________(find) poured new hope into technology. 13. F___________, Edison 14._________(link) bulbs to power systems. 15._______ (除了) lighting homes, under his 16.____________(leader), power plants were built. But early bulbs faced challenges: their brightness showed a 17.__________(减少) in brightness over time. This 18. o__________inventor persisted in improvements. His repeated experiments brought a 19.__________（substance）breakthrough—by perfecting vacuum（真空） tubes and carbon filaments he achieved a historic 20. ________(改变) from gas lamps to electric ones, lighting the modern world. Book 5 Unit 1 课时二 阅读技能训练 一、阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2022年湖北省孝感新高考联考协作体模拟试题】 Buying furniture is easier than ever. You can even order a new table and chairs online without ever leaving home. But have you ever thought about how furniture is made? The process begins with trees but now researchers have found a better way: growing them in a lab instead of a forest. Instead of cutting down trees and adding to deforestation, Velasquez-Garcia said, “If you want a table, then you should just grow a table.” The research group found a way to actually grow plant tissue (组织) — wood and fiber — in a lab that is similar to the way cultured meat is grown. While there is still a long way to go to actually grow a table, the team was able to grow structures from cells from zinnia leaves. Making furniture and other items from biomaterials could eliminate cutting down trees in forests. “The way we get these materials hasn’t changed in centuries and is very inefficient,” said Velasquez-Garcia. “This is a real chance to avoid all that inefficiency.” There are other benefits to using lab wood too. Lab grown wood can be handled to take on any shape — like 3 D printing — so it may be possible to build a table without glue or screwing parts together. Beckwith, a mechanical engineering PhD student, was inspired by a visit to a farm to try to make land-use more efficient and environmentally sound. “That got me thinking: Can we be more strategic about what we’re getting out of our process? Can we get more yield for our inputs?” she told MIT News. “I wanted to find a more efficient way to use land and resources so that we could let more farmlands remain wild, or to remain lower production but allow for greater biodiversity.” Today, the two largest uses of trees are to make wood products and paper. When new biomaterials become readily available, forests will lose their economic value and will be preserved for their environmental, health, and recreational value. These researchers, like Velasquez-Garcia, are speaking for the trees. 1. What does the author think of growing furniture according to Paragraph 1? A. It turns out to be convenient. B. It’ll cut down daily expense. C. It might have a bright future. D. It’s as important as making furniture. 2. What was the key scientific breakthrough in this research? A. Discovering a new species of tree that grows faster. B. Developing a method to grow plant tissue in a lab. C. Inventing a machine that automatically cuts trees. D. Finding a way to make traditional wood stronger. 3. What is the purpose of Beckwith’s growing furniture? A. To make large profits. B. To keep biodiversity. C. To increase production. D. To use wild resources. 4. What’s the key to protecting forests? A. Wide use of new biomaterials. B. Less use of wood products and paper. C. Making effective forest laws. D. Caring more for the environment. 5. 为了训练通过提问来理解文章的技能，请根据答案写出问题。 （1）. Q: What ______ ? A: Researchers have found a way to grow plant tissue in a lab instead of cutting down trees. （2）. Q: How ______ ? A: Making furniture and other items from biomaterials could eliminate cutting down trees in forests. （3）. Q: Why ______ ? A: Lab-grown wood can be shaped like 3D printing, eliminating the need for glue or screws. 训练后反思： Look at Q5 in your original exercise. How does asking questions help you understand the content and think more deeply about the topic? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、语篇结构 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 【2019年全国1卷C篇改编】 As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. 6 . Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. 7 Contrasting sharply with conventional security methods that merely depend on basic password verification, the keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. 8 .Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right. 9 .Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. This inherent familiarity ensures seamless adoption by users, allowing effortless integration into their daily digital routines without the burden of mastering novel, complex systems In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. 10 . The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. A. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏） with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. B. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. C. However, the technology still faces some technical challenges that need to be overcome. D. It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. E. Some experts believe this technology could replace traditional passwords completely. F. These patterns are unique to each person. G. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though. 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 【2024河北邯郸三模完形填空】 Dr. Francis Collins is one of America's leading scientists. In an interview. Dr. Collins was asked if there was any special spark or any moment in particular that 11 him to pursue a life of science. Dr. Collins 12 that in fact there was. He said that when he was in high school, on the first day of his first science course, the teacher handed each student a box 13 .The boxes were sealed on the outside and hollow on the inside. But each box 14 something. And as young Collins turned the box on its side and turned it around, he could 15 something rolling around inside. What was it? The teacher told the students that their 16 was to determine what was inside the box. They could 17 any kind of test or ask any kind of question that would lead them to find out what was inside the box. But they couldn't 18 the box. They had to first find ways to 19 what was in the box. “That's what 20 is, ” the teacher carefully 21 ,“being curious, and thinking of questions to ask, until you find out the answer.”Dr. Collins was 22 . He said that that day in class completely 23 his life. From then on, he was 24 to spending a life in science, where his job was to be 25 and ask lots of questions. 11. A. forced B. inspired C. ordered D. requested 12. A.doubted B. recognized C. imagined D. replied 13. A. carefully B. hurriedly C. secretly D. impatiently 14. A. represented B. meant C. contained D. told 15. A.see B. hear C. fancy D. monitor 16. A.campaign B. desire C. ambition D. assignment 17. A. avoid B. design C. pass D.mark 18. A.open B. roll C. throw D. hit 19. A. pick up B. draw on C.figure out D. stick to 20. A. experiment B. science C. education D. study 21. A. answered B. apologized C. argued D.explained 22. A. attracted B. confused C.frightened D. disappointed 23. A.controlled B. improved C. saved D.changed 24. A. opposed B. exposed C.committed D. used 25. A.curious B. smart C. generous D. optimistic Book 5 Unit 1 课时三 写作技能训练—读后续写 一、写作指导 1.“读”—— 拆解原文，把握核心要素​ （1）分析人物​ （2）分析冲突 / 问题​ （3）分析情节​ （4）分析情感变化​ （5）分析主题​ 2.“写”—— 分步构思，衔接范文细节​ （1）先定结局句​ （2）写主题升华句（升华主题，呼应核心）​ （3）写衔接句（确保段落内部、段落之间流畅）​ 第一段提示句后的衔接句 第一段最后一句（需引出第二段的父子见面深入交流场景）​ 第二段提示句后的衔接句 （4） 补充每段内容（用细节填充，呼应原文）​ 二、写作训练 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 I was surprised when I received a short message from my father wishing me a happy birthday. I had expected to hear from my mother, my grandmother and my other relatives but never from my father. Lying in bed, memories of my father flooded back. When I was a little boy, I regarded my father as a hero able to do anything. However, things slowly began to change. The more I learned, the more I doubted what he said. The gap between us grew and, at last, I didn’t even like communicating with him. My father, in my mind, had no interest in talking with me. Dinner was the only time we were together. He had no time to watch TV with me. He would tell me to ask my mother if I needed something. He even refused to answer my calls when I phoned from school. I got accustomed to the changes. I thought that perhaps my father no longer loved me, so I hardly communicated with him and even was unwilling to contact him. As time passed, however, I began to wonder whether my behavior was right. And I began to be more and more upset. I had no idea how to get along well with him. One day, my mother told me that each time I called, my father was always listening beside her. Suddenly, I hated myself for my cold behaviour toward him. I tried thousands of times to apologize to my father. In the end, however, I was always too embarrassed about what I had done. 注意： 续写词数应为150左右。 But that Saturday, I was so touched by his short message and decided to send a reply:“Thank you, my dear father.” Two days later, I decided to go home. 第一步：写单句 1. 父亲说，当他收到我的回复后，心中充满了欣慰，我们之间那道因误解而产生的墙，正随着真诚的交流慢慢坍塌。（“which”引导的定语从句、动作描写、“when”引导的时间状语从句） 2. 在那个温暖的客厅里，我们的心靠得更近，用爱修复了我们的伤口。（现在分词结构做结果状语） 3. 第一段提示句后的衔接句（提示句：“But that Saturday, I was so touched by his short message and decided to send a reply:“Thank you, my dear father.”） 当我点击发送给父亲生日回复短信的那一刻，手指微微颤抖，过往的愧疚如潮水般涌来。(一般过去时、“the moment” 引导的时间状语从句、“with + 名词 + 现在分词” 结构表伴随状态) 4. 第一段最后一句（需引出第二段的父子见面深入交流场景） 随着手机屏幕亮起，父亲的回信映入眼帘，我们之间一场迟到却珍贵的谈心，悄然拉开帷幕。（一般过去时，“as” 引导时间状语从句） 5. 第二段提示句后的衔接句（提示句：“Two days later, I decided to go home.”） 坐在沙发上，父亲缓缓说起这些年默默关注我的点滴，我也倾诉着曾经的不解和愧疚。（现在分词结构做伴随状语，一般过去时） 第二步: 组语篇 But that Saturday, I was so touched by his short message and decided to send a reply:“Thank you, my dear father.” Two days later, I decided to go home._____________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Book 5 Unit 1 单元过关 （一）阅读理解 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A A handful of advanced technologies, such as driverless cars, superintelligent machines, and human-like robots, are on the point of release but never materialize in our daily lives. What stops them from inventors’ minds and entering our homes? This is the question Nicole Kobie poses in The Long History of the Future: Why tomorrow's technology still isn't here. While the answer could simply be that a given problem is extremely hard, Kobie writes the proposed solution isn't very sensible and isn't at all the best way to solve the underlying issue. Yes, flying cars could avoid congested traffic, yet safe bicycle lanes can also address traffic issues. An underground network of autonomous vehicles could transport people quickly, but so can certain trains. Kobie points out that these technological promises have longer and more complex histories than we realize. “artificial intelligence” was coined in the 1950s, and the first “driverless” car was approved for sale in 1956. Robotics can be traced back to 1495. But 500 years later, we still fold laundry ourselves. As an academic tells Kobie in the book, a driverless car demands 99.999% reliability, taking years to attain. The non-materialization of these technologies isn't due to a lack of effort or investment but because they are only useful when truly reliable, which is a difficult problem to solve. Undeniably, cost is another obstacle as technological progress needs talent and cash, typically available in places like Silicon Valley, putting decision-making power in the hands of a few powerful white men who may be disconnected from daily issues. Despite the slow growth and misguided efforts, science still brings unexpected pleasures. Who could have predicted that AI could predict the structure of nearly every protein or that other long-predicted technologies like useful quantum(量子) computers seem closer to realization? Kobie is right that some technology problems are more significant and difficult than we thought. However, we should never forget the power of the unexpected on the path to progress. 1. What does the underlined word “congested” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. packed B. deserted C. smooth D. spacious 2. Why does the author mention “we still fold laundry ourselves” in paragraph 3? A. To present superiority of traditional methods. B. To indicate slow progress in some technology. C. To suggest low reliability of laundry technology. D. To show lack of investment in laundry technology. 3. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of technological advancement? A. Doubtful B. Negative C. Unconcerned D. Hopeful 4. Which of the following is the best title for this text? A. Advanced Technologies: A Total Failure? B. Future Technologies: Limited Progress C. Tomorrow's Technologies: Promises Not Kept D. Inventing New Technologies: Obstacles to Overcome B Children are born curious, exploring the world like natural scientists. Yet, this curiosity often fades as children enter their school years. Why does that spark fade? Our research points to something surprising: the delicate ways adults talk about science. Phrases like “You're a little scientist!” or “Let's be scientists,” though encouraging, can unintentionally signal science is only for certain people. Studies show girls aged four engaged 40% longer in science when invited to “do science” rather than “be scientists.” Why? By age five, many children picture scientists as white men in lab coats. Kids not seeing themselves in this narrow image may pull back, believing science requires a special “genius” they lack. These early impressions have lasting effects. By first grade, girls already report less excitement about building things or coding computers. More worryingly, brilliant high school girls—those scoring in STEM’s (science, technology, engineering and mathematics)top 20%—choose science majors as rarely as boys in the bottom 20%. This gap isn't about ability, but messages implying science isn't for them. Fortunately, strategic language adjustments can prevent this trend. For children aged 4–10, replace “be a scientist” with action phrases: “Let’s explore why stars twinkle!” or “How could we test if this floats?” Framing science as accessible processes rather than intimidating identities. Teachers using this approach see 25% longer focus during science play. However, as children enter adolescence (age 11+), identity-focused language becomes effective. In one study, cueing a future identity based on science (such as “scientist” or “doctor”) motivated middle schoolers to do more homework and was associated with higher grades. This strategy dances with development: young brains need exploration free of stereotypes(刻板印象), while teens seek identity connections. Though more research is needed on these interactions, parents and teachers can act now. Just choose words that welcome every child into science’s adventure, whether through today’s happy doing or tomorrow’s encouraging becoming. This can bring back nature’s first wonder: the urge to ask ‘why?” After all, science belongs to those who are curious, not just the "chosen ones." 5. How does the author introduce the topic? A. By citing historical data B. By making a universal observation C. By sharing personal anecdotes D. By using technical definitions 6. What does the comparison between top STEM girls and bottom STEM boys suggest? A. Boys are naturally better at science B. School grades decide future jobs C. Social ideas matter more than ability D. Girls feel less sure in competitive areas 7. Which language strategy is most effective for engaging teens (aged 11+)? A. “Let’s test if this floats!” B. “You could be a scientist!” C. “Avoid stereotypes now!” D. “Science needs geniuses!” 8. What is the author’s primary purpose in writing this article? A. To explain changes in children's scientific curiosity.  B. To show how stereotypes discourage some children.  C. To suggest age-based language strategies for science.  D. To propose ways to keep children's interest in science.  （二）完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Life is full of ups and downs. You must comprehend you'll sometimes fail at things and it's 9 when that happens. Most of our lives, we've been taught failure is terrible and been told to 10 in sorrow when failing, which is entirely wrong. From childhood to adulthood, you will face many failures in life. But that 11 your true self. You will get to learn about your true capabilities, 12 and weaknesses. Embrace the process rather than 13 it. Only then can our goals be 14 . Let me share my experience. In my early school days, I 15 with certain subjects, getting poor grades, even an F, and that would make me extremely 16 . Afraid to face my parents, what I used to do was 17 those grades, turning an F into a B on the report card just to 18 them. The 19 was soon discovered. This incident let me realize the necessity to confront my failure bravely, learn from it, and strive for progress. I started doing better with my grades, that F turning into a B 20 , and that B turning into an A. Whenever you face failure, never think you can't recover. 21 , think of ways to better yourself. Thomas Edison made 10,000 attempts to 22 the light bulb. Bill Gates failed many times, his first company being a complete 23 . All prove: learn from failures, don't flee! 9. A. strange B. normal C. unusual D. rare 10. A. delight B. exist C. absorb D. drown 11. A. hides B. reveals C. blinds D. disguises 12. A. strengths B. talents C. potentials D. energies 13. A. give up B. stick to C. run from D. cope with 14. A. shelved B. abandoned C. neglected D. accomplished 15. A. struggled B. dealt C. competed D. battled 16. A. scared B. excited C. amazed D. annoyed 17. A. give up B. take up C. cover up D. turn up 18. A. disappoint B. please C. bother D. disturb 19. A. trap B. joke C. game D. trick 20. A. naturally B. suddenly C. formally D. generally 21. A. However B. Moreover C. Instead D. Still 22. A. produce B. perfect C. create D. design 23. A. success B. career C. wonder D. failure （三）语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A growing trend of red tourism has emerged among young tourists this summer. Cool weather and high-quality resources at such destinations attract more visitors, especially with 2025 24 (mark) the 80th anniversary of the victory in the World Anti-Fascist War. Booking data from Qunar shows significant 25 (grow) in red tourism hotspots. Hotel reservations in Jinggangshan jumped nearly 40% year-on-year, higher than Jiangxi Province’s average. “ 26 being a red tourism destination, Jinggangshan is a city whose air quality is excellent and 27 (suit) for travelers to escape the summer heat,” said researcher Li Lingyan. Meanwhile, the screening of some war-themed films helps boost the popularity of red tourism. Dead To Rights, a film about the Nanjing Massacre, 28 (earn) 1.5 billion yuan in 10 days. Consequently, visits to the Shanghai Film Studios Amusement Park 29  (increase) by 80% monthly in July. Its immersive activities, which allow tourists 30 (experience) history through film sets, attract many young people. Tongcheng Travel forecasts that with the release of new war-themed films such as Dongji Rescue and Mountains and Rivers Bearing Witness this month, red tourism 31 (expect) to peak further. Hu Yizhou, a researcher at LeadLeo Research Institute, states, “My suggestion is that integrating advanced technologies and interactive sessions can enrich young travelers' experiences, strengthen the historical charm of red scenic spots, and provide immersive historical engagement, and 32 such innovations, especially when 33 (link) to educational content, may significantly boost tourists' interest.” （四）应用文写作 假定你是李华，你校刚举办了一年一度的 “科技节” ( the Science Festival)，你的外国笔友 Tom对你们的活动很感兴趣，请你写封电子邮件告诉他相关内容，并邀请他参加明年的科技节。内容包括： 1. 活动的时间、地点； 2. 活动的具体内容、意义; 3. 向对方发出邀请。 注意: 1.词数80左右； 2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 参考词汇：科技小发明technology gadgets Dear Tom, _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $